RU2742359C1 - Hopper-shaped wagon - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the railway transport. Bunker-type hopper car is characterized by the presence of body (1) mounted on running gear (2) and comprising power frame (3) with reinforced cantilever parts, side walls (6), roof (14), each end wall rests on the cantilever part of the car frame through two vertical supports (6) located parallel to the longitudinal axis of the car and connecting the end walls to the frame, directly closing the power unit on the bolster beam on one vertical with the frame sliders, and connected by inclined links to the pivot assembly of the frame and directly to the sill beam. Head (6) of end wall of welded plate-rod structure consists of steel sheet reinforced with profile carcass, which together with sheet form closed sections and are directed from the center of their axes crossing on the swivel beam to the end wall, spreading along the entire height of its inclined part, and has extension on transom of end wall in form of post. Units of connection of the end wall with the backbone frame are connected by inclined links to the pivot assembly of the frame and directly to the center beam, which are in the same plane with the middle beams of the power frame of the supports, and together with them form flat power frame perpendicular to planes of supports, which is located at angle of 20° up to 80° to horizontal plane. End wall ramming beams have closed section formed by sheet and U-shaped bent or hot-rolled section.

EFFECT: invention provides high strength and reliability at low material consumption and high carrying capacity.

4 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention is intended for the transportation of mineral fertilizers and other bulk cargo throughout the network of railways in Russia, the CIS countries, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia with a track gauge of 1520 mm.

Known hopper-type hopper car for transportation of mineral fertilizers and other bulk cargo model 19-6870-01 (www.ezmk.net), characterized by the presence of a body mounted on the chassis and containing a load frame, equipped with reinforced cantilever parts and elements of the center beam, moreover, the spinal console at the intersection with the pivot girder and gussets forms a pivot assembly, which is closed with a reinforcing sheet; the side frame of the frame is a bent unequal channel channel, on the lower shelf of which the longitudinal walls of the bunkers rest; transverse T-beams are a continuation of the separating walls of the body compartments in the form of diaphragms with a cut out center; the end walls rest on the cantilever parts of the car frame through a welded volumetric structure and, like the side walls of the car, are curved; a column of optimal cross-section is installed between the transom of the end wall and the spine beam; the hopper device, which closes the lower part of the body, consists of three pairs of hoppers, placed on the frame in the intercarriage space; the inclination of the bunker walls ensures full unloading of the cargo by gravity into the interwheel space; in addition, the unloading hatches are equipped with perimeter sealing devices; the roof is non-removable and equipped with five loading hatches, the covers of which are hinged and closed manually; the mechanism for fixing the covers of the loading hatches is made with a single drive and is located at the end of the car from the side of the transition platform; the closed position of the covers is fixed by means of latches, while each hatch cover is closed by individual hooks and blocked from the frame transition platform using a locking device that protects against spontaneous and unauthorized opening of the hatch covers; loading hatch covers are sealed centrally at the transition platform; the throats of the loading hatches are equipped with sealing devices around the entire perimeter, excluding the ingress of moisture inside; the unloading mechanism provides for the simultaneous opening of the opposite covers of the unloading hatches and unloading the cargo inside the track; the mechanism for unloading and fixing the covers of the unloading hatches contains a screw drive pivotally attached to the bunker and lateral strapping, connected to the longitudinal shaft located under the bins, by means of levers connected to the hatch covers by hinged rods and provides movement of the unloading hatch covers, which are hinged in loops located on the bunkers of the car; the closing of the hatch covers is ensured by the transition of the shackle axis beyond the "dead center" and protects the covers from arbitrary opening; the unloading mechanism is equipped with an indicator of the complete closure of the hatch covers, in the form of a screw signal rod installed on the drive; the device for fixing the covers is equipped with a rod with pins that engage with a drum rigidly fixed to a screw drive; sealing of the unloading mechanism is performed by installing a locking device on the sealing mechanisms; braking equipment consists of an automatic brake and a parking (hand) brake; an automatic brake with separate braking of shoe-type bogies includes an air distributor, two small-sized brake cylinders, two small-sized autoregulators of brake levers, auto mode, levers and a pneumatic system; linkages are designed for composite brake pads.

The car is equipped with two automatic couplers, which provide automatic connection of the cars with each other and extinguish the energy from the tensile and compressive forces arising during shunting operations and when moving in a train. The automatic coupler includes the CA-3 automatic coupler, which provides automatic coupling of rolling stock units and keeping them in a coupled state, a harness device, a centering device, a release drive and supporting parts.

Undercarriage - two-axle bogies type 3 in accordance with GOST 9246 with sideways of constant contact, intended for the movement of the car on the railway tracks of 1520 mm track, for the perception of loads acting on the car body, and for transferring them to the railway track.

The disadvantage of the known design of the hopper car is the excessive volume of the body for the transportation of mineral fertilizers, and as a result, the increased metal consumption of the body structure, increased tare weight and insufficient carrying capacity for efficient economically profitable transportation.

The technical objective of the invention is to create a hopper car for the transportation of mineral fertilizers and other bulk cargo with a body of a supporting structure, which has high strength and reliability with low material consumption and high carrying capacity.

The task is solved in a hopper car of a bunker type, characterized by the presence of a body mounted on the undercarriage and containing a load frame equipped with reinforced cantilever parts and elements of a backbone beam, side walls, end walls with a support, a roof with loading hatches, unloading bins with unloading hatches ...

The difference from the prototype is that each end wall rests on the cantilever part of the car frame through two vertical supports located parallel to the longitudinal axis of the car and connecting the end walls with the frame, directly closing the power unit on the pivot beam on the same vertical with the frame side beams, and connected by inclined connections with the pivot unit of the frame and directly with the center beam, and the support of the end wall of the welded combined plate-bar structure consists of a steel sheet reinforced with a frame of profiles with a fan-shaped arrangement of force beams in the form of U-shaped bent or hot-rolled profiles, which together with the sheet form closed sections and directed from the center of intersection of their axes on the pivot beam to the end wall, scattering over the entire height of its inclined part, and has a continuation on the transom of the end wall in the form of a rack, and the joints of the end wall with the support frame are connected by inclined connections with the pins m by the frame node and directly by the backbone, located in the same plane with the middle beams of the support frame and together with them form a flat load-bearing frame perpendicular to the planes of the supports, which is located at an angle of 20 ° to 80 ° to the horizontal plane, in addition, the rays of the support frame end walls have a closed section formed by a sheet and a U-shaped bent or hot-rolled profile, which can be installed on the inside or outside of the vertical support sheet or on both of its sides.

The car contains a body 1 (Fig. 1), installed on the chassis 2. The body contains a load-bearing frame 3, equipped with reinforced cantilever parts and elements of the backbone 19, side walls 4, end walls 5 with a support 6, a roof 14 with loading hatches, unloading hopper 13 with unloading mechanism 15.

The spine girder 19 at the intersection with the pivot girder 7, braces and gussets forms a pivot assembly, which is closed by a reinforcing sheet 9. The spine beams of the cantilever parts are connected with the longitudinal ridges of the extreme bins, which are their extensions. In the middle part of the body - between the extreme bins, there is no backbone. The side frame of the frame 3 is a bent unequal channel channel, on the lower shelf of which the longitudinal walls of the bins rest.

The transverse T-beams are a continuation of the separating walls of the body compartments in the form of diaphragms with a cut-out center.

Side 4 and end 5 walls of the car are made of curved shape. Each end wall rests on the cantilever part of the car frame 3 through two vertical supports 6, located parallel to the longitudinal axis of the car (Fig. 2) and connecting the end walls 5 with the frame 3, directly closing the power unit on the pivot girder 7 on the same vertical line with the side beams 8 of the frame ... The support 6 of the welded combined plate-rod structure (Fig. 2) consists of a steel sheet 9, reinforced by a frame of profiles 10 with a fan-shaped arrangement of force beams (Figs. 3, 4), which have a continuation on the transom of the end wall 5 in the form of racks 11 ( Fig. 2). The force beams of the frame in the form of U-shaped bent or hot-rolled profiles together with sheet 9, forming a closed section (Fig. 6, 7), are directed from the center of intersection of their axes on the pivot girder to the end wall 5, dispersed over the entire height of its inclined part. The connection of the support 6 and its sheet 9, in particular, to the end wall 5 is made reinforced with L-shaped profiles 20 (Figs. 5, 8), which increase the reliability of the connection and form vertical belts on the inclined part of the end wall. To create spatial rigidity, the joints of the end wall with the support frame are connected by inclined ties 12 with the pivot unit of the frame 3 (Fig. 3) and directly by the center beam 19, at the same time, the inclined ties are in the same plane with the middle rods of the support frame 6 and together with them form a flat load-bearing frame, which is located at an angle α = 20 ° -80 ° to the horizontal plane (Fig. 1), and serves to support the end wall 5 on the pivot beam 7 of the car.

The hopper device 13, which closes the lower part of the body, consists of three pairs of hoppers located on the frame in the intercarriage space. The inclination of the bunker walls provides complete unloading of the load by gravity into the interwheel space. The unloading hatches of the bunker device are equipped with sealing devices around the perimeter, which ensures a tight fit of the covers and eliminates the loss of cargo.

The roof 14 is non-removable and equipped with four loading hatches. Loading hatch covers are hinged and closed manually. The mechanism for fixing the covers of the loading hatches is made with a single drive and is located at the end of the car from the side of the transition platform. The closed position of the covers is fixed by means of latches, while each hatch cover is closed by individual hooks, and is blocked from the frame transition platform using a locking device that protects against spontaneous and unauthorized opening of the hatch covers. Loading hatch covers are sealed centrally at the transition platform.

The throats of the loading hatches are equipped with sealing devices around the entire perimeter, excluding the ingress of moisture inside.

The unloading mechanism 15 provides for the simultaneous opening of the opposite covers of the unloading hatches and unloading the load inside the track.

The mechanism for unloading and fixing the covers of the unloading hatches contains a screw drive pivotally fixed on the bunker and lateral strapping, connected to the longitudinal shaft located under the bins by means of levers connected to the hatch covers by hinged rods and provides movement of the unloading hatch covers. Manhole covers are hinged in hinges located on the bunkers of the car. The closing of the hatch covers is ensured by the transition of the shackle axis beyond the "dead point" and protects the covers from arbitrary opening.

The unloading mechanism is equipped with an indicator of the complete closure of the hatch covers, in the form of a screw signal rod mounted on the drive.

The device for fixing the covers is equipped with a rod with pins that engage with a drum rigidly fixed to a screw drive. Sealing of the unloading mechanism is carried out by installing a ZPU on the sealing mechanisms.

The braking equipment 16 consists of an automatic brake and a parking (hand) brake. Automatic brake with separate braking of shoe-type bogies includes an air distributor, two small brake cylinders, two small automatic brake levers, auto mode, levers and a pneumatic system. Lever gears are designed for composite brake pads.

The car is equipped with two automatic couplers 17, which ensure the automatic connection of the cars with each other and extinguish the energy from the tensile and compressive forces that arise during shunting and when moving in a train. The automatic coupler includes the CA-3 automatic coupler, which provides automatic coupling of rolling stock units and keeping them in a coupled state, a harness device, a centering device, a release drive and supporting parts.

Undercarriage 2 - two-axle bogies type 3 in accordance with GOST 9246 with sideways 18 of constant contact, designed to move the car on railway tracks of 1520 mm track, to perceive the loads acting on the car body, and to transfer them to the railway track.

Claims (4)

1. Hopper wagon of bunker type, characterized by the presence of a body mounted on the chassis and containing a load-bearing frame equipped with reinforced cantilever parts and elements of the center beam, side walls, end walls with a support, a roof with loading hatches, unloading bins with unloading hatches, characterized by the fact that each end wall rests on the cantilever part of the car frame through two vertical supports located parallel to the longitudinal axis of the car and connecting the end walls with the frame, directly closing the power unit on the pivot beam on the same vertical with the frame side beams, and connected by inclined connections with the pivot unit frame and directly with the backbone. 2. Bunker-type hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the support of the end wall of the welded combined plate-and-bar structure consists of a steel sheet reinforced by a frame of profiles with a fan-shaped arrangement of force beams in the form of U-shaped bent or hot-rolled profiles, which together with the sheet form closed sections and are directed from the center of intersection of their axes on the pivot beam to the end wall, scattering over the entire height of its inclined part, and has a continuation on the end wall transom in the form of a rack. 3. Hopper car of the bunker type according to claim 1, characterized in that the joints of the end wall with the support frame are connected by inclined connections with the pivot unit of the frame and directly with the center beam, located in the same plane with the middle beams of the support frame, and together with they form a flat load-bearing frame perpendicular to the planes of the supports, which is located at an angle of 20 ° to 80 ° to the horizontal plane. 4. Bunker-type hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the beams of the end wall support frame have a closed section formed by a sheet and a U-shaped bent or hot-rolled profile, which can be installed on the inside or outside of the vertical support sheet, or on both sides.

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