RU2738977C1 - Method for incubation of poultry eggs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of poultry reproduction. Method for incubation of poultry eggs consists in keeping eggs under certain temperature and humidity conditions. At that, parameters of incubation process are loaded into automatic system of automated incubation chamber proceeding from type and breed of agricultural birds according to recommended modes. During incubation with increase of temperature in incubation chamber with release of metabolic heat automatically opening flap, increasing air exchange and provoking air humidity drop. Then water is supplied directly to fan blades, and water, breaking down into fine mixture, lowers temperature. At that, fine mixture moves together with air flow, supplied through shutter, and promotes metabolic heat absorption directly at shell—humidity increases, turning into excess moisture, which is directly proportional to excessive metabolic heat and carbon dioxide emitted by embryos. Removal of excess moisture is controlled by increasing air exchange by opening dampers. More metabolic heat is released, the more it is converted into moisture, and that by a larger angle and for a longer period of time, dampers will be opened. At that, cooling radiators are used only in case of emergency, additional sensors of carbon dioxide and oxygen are not used, and heat sensor is used throughout the incubation period.EFFECT: invention provides higher stability of temperature and humidity incubation conditions.1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of reproduction of poultry.

Artificial incubation of eggs in automatic industrial incubators consists in keeping the latter at a certain temperature and humidity conditions.

It is known that regardless of the design, each incubator must create the following conditions for the normal embryonic development of agricultural poultry: the temperature necessary for the development of the embryo, sufficient air humidity, ventilation, which ensures the removal of harmful gases from the chamber and delivers fresh air saturated with oxygen.

During the growth of embryos during cell division and the formation of nervous, bone and soft tissues, in the course of oxidation-reduction reactions, oxygen is consumed from the surrounding air environment and carbon dioxide and metabolic heat are released. As a result, the temperature in the incubation chamber rises, which is the most critical parameter for the entire incubation process. In addition to the biological process of life of the embryo, the temperature regime affects the physical processes in the air in the chamber, the level of humidity and air density, which in turn affects the amount of oxygen.

In the confined space of the incubation chamber, the main task is to release excess heat. The next most important task is to maintain the required air quality, that is, the timely removal of excess carbon dioxide from the incubation chamber.

The air exchange process in the center of the chamber is hampered by the fact that metabolic heat heats the air near the egg shell, which expands to create its own air flow, which impedes the movement of the main air flow from the fan. It is known that the reference level of carbon dioxide in the incubation chamber is 0.3%. If, throughout the incubation period, the concentration of carbon dioxide exceeds 0.5%, the growth and development of embryos is inhibited. Hatchability is reduced by about 15%. And the concentration of carbon dioxide 5% leads to 100% death of embryos.

Since both of these indicators - the amount of metabolic heat and the amount of carbon dioxide - are directly dependent on redox reactions, and the older the embryo, the more redox reactions occur during its development, the more heat and carbon dioxide are released, both these indicators can serve as design parameters when creating algorithms for an automatic control system to control air exchange, since an increase in one of the indicators implies a mandatory increase in the other, then one of them can be determined by the calculated ones.

The present invention solves the problem of increasing the percentage of hatchability and the quality of young agricultural poultry by creating an improved air exchange.

The technical task is to increase the stability of the parameters of the temperature and humidity conditions of incubation.

The claimed invention is implemented as follows.

The parameters of the incubation process are loaded into the automatic system of the automated incubation chamber based on the species and breed of agricultural poultry, according to the recommended incubation modes. The data on the total heat release (explicit and latent) by the embryos of chickens, ducks and geese at an air temperature in the incubator of 37.8 ° C, its relative humidity of 60% and an air flow rate of about 0.1 m / s are taken as the basis for the calculation.

The incubation process begins with warming up the incubation chamber, for which the preheaters are turned on. Lay trays with hatching eggs.

At the first stage of incubation, the automatic system only monitors the temperature in the incubation chamber, the heaters are on, the dampers are closed, the fans are inactive.

When the temperature in the chamber rises, the automatic control system opens the damper, thereby increasing air exchange and causing a drop in air humidity. To maintain the set humidity level, the automatic system starts to supply water to the humidification system. Water is supplied directly to the blades of the air mixing fan, broken up into a fine-dispersion mixture, which lowers the temperature of the circulating air, and moves along with the air flow generated by the fan. The rate of evaporation of water, that is, the conversion of liquid into vapor, depends on the temperature in the incubation chamber, and the more heat is generated by the incubation eggs, the more water in the air around each of them is converted from a liquid state (fine mixture) to a gaseous state, providing uniform cooling over the whole cell. Due to the evaporation of water, metabolic heat is absorbed directly at the shell, which avoids air expansion and the formation of an additional air flow inside the chamber, opposing the main flow from the fan.

Taking into account that excess moisture is directly proportional to excess metabolic heat and carbon dioxide released by the embryos, the removal of excess moisture is regulated by increasing air exchange (opening the flaps). The more metabolic heat is released, the more it is converted into excess moisture, the more carbon dioxide is released in the process of redox reactions, and the larger the angle and for a longer time the dampers will be opened to obtain a sufficient amount of oxygen. Thus, the respiration of the embryo is not disturbed during the entire incubation process.

The automatic system also takes into account the air quality in the hatchery room outside the hatchery. The exhaust air removed from the incubation chamber enters the hatchery room, carrying with it excess moisture and carbon dioxide, the rate of evaporation of water drops, and the temperature begins to rise again. And to compensate for the higher carbon dioxide content and higher humidity in the newly supplied air, the automatic system increases the opening angle of the air dampers, thereby increasing the air exchange rate, which means that the cooling of the hatching eggs is accelerated.

At the same time, cooling radiators are used during incubation only in case of an emergency. Additional sensors for carbon dioxide and oxygen are not used. In this case, heat sensors are used throughout the entire incubation period, since an increase in the level of humidity is a derivative of the absorption of metabolic heat, and the amount of heat and the amount of carbon dioxide are related, so that an increase in one of the indicators implies a mandatory increase in the other.

The industrial tests of the proposed incubation method in the Sverdlovskiy plant resulted in an increase in the percentage of hatchability of chickens by 5%, the safety of the hatched chickens increased by 20-30%.

Sources of information taken into account

1. Industrial poultry farming. F.F. Alekseev, et al., M: Agropromizdat, 1991

2. Handbook for incubation of eggs. Burtov Yu.Z., et al., M: Kolos, 1983

3. Incubation of poultry eggs in conditions of variable temperatures. I.P. Tretyakov et al, Proceedings of the All-Union Agricultural Institute, 1963

4. Application for invention No. 94028901, 1994

Claims (1)

A method for incubating poultry eggs, which consists in keeping the eggs at a certain temperature and humidity regime, characterized in that the parameters of the incubation process are loaded into the automatic system of the automated incubation chamber based on the type and breed of agricultural poultry according to the recommended modes, during incubation with an increase in temperature in the incubation chamber, when metabolic heat is released, the damper is automatically opened slightly, increasing air exchange and provoking a drop in air humidity, then water is supplied directly to the fan blades, water, breaking into a finely dispersed mixture, lowers the temperature, the finely dispersed mixture moves along with the air flow entering through the damper, and promotes the absorption of metabolic heat directly at the shell - moisture increases, turning into excess moisture, which is directly proportional to the excess metabolic heat and carbon dioxide released by the embryos, and it is removed no excess humidity is controlled by increasing air exchange - by opening the dampers, and the more metabolic heat is released, the more it is converted into moisture, and the larger the angle and for a longer time the dampers will be opened, and cooling radiators are used only in case of an emergency, additional sensors carbon dioxide and oxygen are not used, while the heat sensor is used throughout the entire incubation period.