RU2737748C1 - Installation of underwater road demountable bridge in design position of superstructure with one intermediate pile-shoe support - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method of installation in the design position of superstructure of an underwater road demountable bridge (URDB) together with one intermediate pile-shoe support is performed by the "afloat" method by means of a cantilever-jib crane located on the pontoon. Bolt of support is temporarily rigidly fixed to front end of span by bolts and mounting turnbuckles. Support frame with support is delivered on ferry to installation point, where crane is first lifted to discharge ferry from bridge axis, and then lowered into water to accommodate and fix its free end on previous support. After that, poles with shoes are disconnected from the support crossbar and lowered to the bottom under its own weight. Bolt of support is temporarily connected again with posts by mounting pins. Then, the crane is disconnected from the span and removed from the axis of the bridge, and on the lowered span structure the pile screwing installation enters, with the use of which the pile shafts are brought into slots arranged in the crossbar ends, and the screw blades into the through guide sleeves arranged in the support shoes. After that, piles are screwed to design depth and to match through holes in crossbars and shafts of both piles, in which bearing pins are inserted, which transmit constant and movable loads from span to screw piles. Mounting pins are removed from holes in crossbar and support posts, and mounting turnbuckles are disconnected from span end and support crossbar.

EFFECT: invention relates to bridge engineering and can be used in the construction of an underwater road demountable bridge (URDB).

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of bridge construction. It, in particular, can be used in the construction of an underwater movable road bridge (hereinafter - PARM).

The main purpose of road underwater bridges, as you know, is "to ensure the secrecy of their position and increase their survivability during hostilities" (Salamakhin PM and others. Engineering structures in transport construction. Textbook. In 2 books. Book. 1 M. : Publishing Center "Academy", 2008). [one]

Known typical structures of underwater, mainly wooden, road bridges, consisting of supports and spans, the carriageway of which is located under water at a depth (up to 0.5 m), which ensures the normal movement of wheeled and tracked vehicles. Brief information about them is presented in the textbook “Bridges and Crossings on Military Highways” (M: Voenizdat. 1988). [2] Here you can find general information about the construction of underwater bridges. It is recommended to arrange such bridges with spans of simple girders, block, all-metal or wooden track blocks with plank filing from below and filling the voids between the girders with stone. Bridge supports, mostly flat, made of driven wooden piles (Figure 10.8) [2] Metal girders and wooden track blocks loaded with stone are laid on supports, as a rule, with truck cranes or special cranes (for example, SRK-20L) "from the head" of the finished section of the bridge. The complexity and timing of the construction of such bridges are several times higher than, for example, low-water ones. The carrying capacity of such underwater bridges is also the lowest. [2]

The known design of the "superstructure of carbon fiber reinforced plastic PARM" (patent for utility model No. 180956 dated July 02, 2018 Bull. No. 19) [3] and the design of the "intermediate pile-shoe support of the underwater ad. folding bridge PARM "(patent for a useful model No. 189266 dated May 17, 2019 Bul. No. 14). [4]

The specified span and the intermediate support are used for the PARM device in the present invention.

Analysis of technologies for the construction of collapsible high-water and low-water road bridges (SARM-M, BARM, MVB, etc.) shows that the most effective are longitudinal thrust, incl. with an avanbek on ready-made supports. At the same time, a small span bridge (SMB) can slide into spans with supports connected to the span. In this case, a special device for mounting supports is used (Small span bridge. Technical description and operating instructions. Ch. 2 M .: Voenizdat. 2002). [5]

Also known is the technology of assembling a railroad metal collapsible overpass REM-500 "from the head" in the river bed with a cantilever railway crane SRK-20L (Metal overpass REM-500. Ch. 6 M .: Voenizdat. 1976). [6]

This technology is adopted as the prototype of the invention. The essence of the technology boils down to the fact that the assembled superstructure is strapped to the console of the SRK-20L crane with special beams. Then the assembled support on another platform is sling in a horizontal position also to the crane console. In this case, overhead beams, mounting hinge rods and a special grip are used. On this site, two more mounting struts are slinged to the crane.

After that, the SRK-20L crane with the superstructure, support and mounting braces along the installed superstructure is moved into the bridge span. Here, first, the support and horizontal struts are installed in the design position, which are attached to the previous support and thereby fix the distance between adjacent supports. Then the superstructure is lowered onto the supports by the simultaneous operation of two chain hoists.

However, the described technology is not applicable for the PARM device for the following reasons.

Firstly, the jib crane, incl. and on the pneumatic duct, being in the water, it must return to the assembly site behind the next superstructure, because slinging of the superstructure, supports and struts to the crane console is possible only on land (dry land). And this takes considerable time.

Secondly, the installation of the support and its connection by struts with the adjacent support under water requires a significant investment of time and labor for the performance of underwater technical work by a team of divers. It should be borne in mind that these works are carried out under the raised superstructure, which is unacceptable according to safety regulations.

Thirdly, additional mounting elements are required: spacers; overhead beams attached from above to the crane console; articulated rods and special grips. [6]

Technologies for the construction of a PARM, consisting of spans for a patent for a utility model [3] and supports for a patent for a utility model [4], has not yet been developed.

Proceeding from the fact that the supports and superstructures of the PARM are constantly under water, it is advisable to install them together in the design position using the “afloat” method using a cantilever boom crane (KSK) placed on a pontoon, for example, from the pontoons of a universal floating means (Universal floating means. Technical description and operating instructions. M .: Voenizdat. 2015) [7].

The technical problem (TOR) of the invention is to develop a method for installing the superstructure of the PARM in the design position together with one intermediate pile-shoe support.

The specified TK is solved due to the fact that the method of installation in the design position of the superstructure of the PARM (underwater road demountable bridge) together with one intermediate pile-shoe support is produced by the method "afloat" with a cantilever-jib crane placed on the pontoon, differs in that the crossbar supports are temporarily rigidly attached to the front end of the superstructure with bolts and mounting lanyards, while the superstructure with the support is delivered by the transport ferry to the installation site, where the crane is first lifted to remove the ferry from the axis of the bridge, and then lowered into the water to place and secure the free end of it on the previous support. After that, the racks with shoes are disconnected from the crossbar of the support, which, under their own weight, sink to the bottom. The crossbar of the support is temporarily re-connected to the posts with mounting pins. Then the crane is disconnected from the superstructure and removed from the axis of the bridge, and an UZS (installation for screwing piles) enters the lowered superstructure, with the use of which the pile shafts are first inserted into the grooves arranged at the ends of the girder, and the screw blades into the through guide nozzles arranged in support shoes. After that, the piles are screwed to the design depth and until the through holes in the girder and the shafts of both piles coincide, into which the bearing pins are inserted, transmitting constant and moving loads from the superstructure to the screw piles. The mounting pins are removed from the holes in the crossbar and support posts, and the mounting lanyards are disconnected from the end of the superstructure and the support crossbar.

The proposed sequence of works for installing the PARM superstructure in the design position together with one intermediate pile-shoe support is shown in Figures 1 and 2, where it is indicated:

fig. 1 is a view of a superstructure supported by a transport ferry and a jib crane on a pontoon; fig. 2 - also in the top view; fig. 3, a - withdrawal of the transport ferry from under the raised superstructure; fig. 3, b - view of the superstructure, lowered on two supports; fig. 4 - operating position of the UZS on the lowered superstructure; fig. 5 - pushing the pile from the side of the shaft into the groove in the crossbar of the support, and the blade part - into the guide through the glass, arranged in the shoe of the support; screwing the pile by installing the UZS and the type of the finished support after screwing the piles; pos. 1 - superstructure blocks; pos. 2 - intermediate pile-shoe support; pos. 3 - transport ferry; pos. 4 - pontoon for jib crane (KSK); pos. 5 - support platform KSK with equipment on the pontoon; pos. 6 - cargo winch; pos. 7 - cargo chain hoist; pos. 8 - cargo sectional boom KSK; pos. 9 - supporting frame with roller; pos. 10 - support frame winch; pos. 11 - mobile power plant under a canopy; pos. 12 - water pumps; pos. 13 - anchor winches; pos. 14 - river anchors; pos. 15 - support-hinge units of boom 8 and frame 9; pos. 16 - working ropes; pos. 17 - shut-off valve of the support posts; pos. 18 - supporting parts; pos. 19 - four-branch slings; pos. 20 - installation for screwing piles (UZS); pos. 21 - pontoons docking unit; pos. 22 - water ballast; pos. 23 - assembly lanyards; pos. 24 - screw piles; RUV - calculated water level; V _B - speed and direction of water flow.

The invention is carried out in several stages.

At the first stage, alignment work is performed on the axle of the bridge. On the river bank downstream of the bridge, a construction site is organized for assembly of superstructure blocks 1 and supports 2. These blocks are brought to the construction site by road from storage bases or the manufacturer's plant. Along the shore at the construction site, two floating berths are assembled from the river pontoons of the UNS by truck cranes (not shown in the figure).

At the second stage, the pontoon 4 for the KSK crane is assembled by truck cranes from the berths on the water, as well as the transport ferry 3 for delivery to the bridge axle of the superstructure 1 with supports 2 and other bridge elements (Figs. 1 and 2). The same truck crane on the pontoon 4 is used to mount the support platform 5 KSK. Then on it are installed the supporting-hinge assemblies 15 of the boom 8 and the frame 9 (Fig. 2), mount the boom 8 and the frame 9. Install winches 10 and 6, anchor winches 13, a power plant 11 with a canopy, water pumps 12, etc. Arrow 8 with a pulley block 7 and the frame 9 are brought into working position by ropes 16 from winches 6 and 10. (Figs. 1 and 2).

After that, the superstructure 1 is loaded onto the ferry 3 with a KSK crane (Fig. 1).

Then, at the construction site near the berth, the installers make a rigid connection with mounting bolts and turnbuckles 23 of the superstructure 1 with the support 2. The superstructure 1, together with the support 2, is installed by the KSK crane on the ferry 3 (Fig. 2). By tugs ferry 3 and the KSK crane are taken to the axle of the bridge (Fig. 3). Here, the pontoon 4 with the KSK crane is fixed by river anchors 14, connected to the pontoon 4 by ropes from the anchor winches 13 (Fig. 2).

At the third stage, the span 1 with support 2 is lifted by the KSK crane above the ferry 3 by 20-30 centimeters. Ferry 3 is taken by tugs from under the superstructure 1 with support 2. Next, the superstructure 1 with support 2 is lowered into the water until the free ends of the main beams of the superstructure 1 land on the support parts 18 located on the previous support (Fig. 3). After that, mounting bolts and plugs are inserted into the holes of the supporting parts. This ensures the design position of the superstructure 1 in the bridge line. Then, the operation of lowering to the bottom of the shoes with the posts of the support 2 is performed (Fig. 3). For this, two installers, standing on the crossbar of the support 2, simultaneously knock out the locking valves 17 with sledgehammers from the special holes in the posts of the support 2. As a result, the shoes of the support are lowered to the bottom (Fig. 3). After that, by means of a KSK crane, the surface of the carriageway of the superstructure 1 is brought to the horizontal design position (Fig. 3). Further, two installers, turning the support cups with holes (not shown in the figures), installed freely on the posts between the shoes and the bottom of the crossbar of the support 2, achieve the coincidence of one hole in the cups with the hole in the posts of the support 2 (patent for PM No. 165498 "Rotary support cup pile-screw grillage AWP "Reg. 20.10.2016, bull. No. 29). [8]

Bearing pins are inserted into the matched holes and the crossbar of the support with the span 1 resting on it is lowered with a crane onto the glasses (Fig. 3, b; 4 and 5). Pontoon 4 with a freed-up KSK crane is towed to the berths behind the next superstructure 1 with support 2.

An UZS 20 with two screw piles in capstans grips goes to the installed superstructure 1 (Fig. 4). The piles are brought from the ends of the crossbar into the grooves for the pile shafts, and the blade parts of the piles are placed in the guide sleeves arranged in the shoes of the support 2 (Fig. 5).

After that, the piles are screwed to the design depth. Bearing pins are inserted into the matched holes in the pile shafts and crossbars of the support (Fig. 5). Now the load is transmitted through the bearing pins to the base of the supports through the blades of the screw piles.

On solid, indelible soils, screw piles may not be used.

All the described work carried out in the riverbed must be performed by divers and installers in special waterproof clothing and footwear, for example, as for rescuers of the Ministry of Emergencies.

Another work technology is also possible.

Thus, the proposed invention solves a technical problem, reduces the time spent on the installation of PARM up to 20% and the complexity of work on the axis of the bridge. At the same time, the scope of application of the KSK jib crane is expanding.

Used sources

1. Salamakhin P.M. and other Engineering structures in transport construction. Textbook. In 2 books. Book. 1 M .: Ed. center "Academy", 2008

2. Bridges and crossings on military highways "M .: Voenizdat. 1988

3. "Span structure made of carbon fiber underwater movable road bridge" Patent for PM No. 180956, Reg. 2.07.2018 Bul. No. 19

4. "Intermediate pile-shoe support of an underwater road folding bridge" Patent for PM No. 189266, Reg. 05/17/2019 Bul. No. 14

5. Small span bridge. Technical description and instruction manual. Ch. 2 Moscow: Military Publishing. 2002

6. Metal overpass REM-500. Ch. VI Moscow: Military Publishing. 1976

7. Universal surfacing agent. Technical description and instruction manual. Moscow: Military Publishing. 2015

8. Rotary support glass of the pile-screw grillage AWP "Patent for PM No. 165498, Reg. 20.10.2016 Bul. No. 29

Claims (1)

The method of installation in the design position of the superstructure of the PARM (underwater road demountable bridge) together with one intermediate pile-shoe support is produced by the "afloat" method by a jib crane placed on the pontoon, characterized in that the crossbar of the support is temporarily rigidly attached to the front end of the span buildings with bolts and mounting lanyards; in this case, the superstructure with the support is delivered by a transport ferry to the installation site, where the crane first lifts it to remove the ferry from the axis of the bridge, and then lowers it into the water to place and fix its free end on the previous support; after that, the racks with shoes are disconnected from the crossbar of the support, which, under their own weight, sink to the bottom; the crossbar of the support is temporarily connected to the posts with mounting pins for the duration of the work; then the crane is disconnected from the superstructure and retracted from the axis of the bridge, and an UZS (installation for screwing piles) enters the lowered superstructure, with the use of which the pile shafts are first inserted into the grooves arranged at the ends of the girder, and the screw blades into the through guide nozzles arranged in support shoes; after that, the piles are screwed to the design depth and until the through holes in the girder and the pile shafts coincide, into which the bearing pins are inserted, transmitting constant and moving loads from the superstructure to the screw piles; the mounting pins are removed from the holes in the crossbar and support posts, and the mounting lanyards are disconnected from the end of the superstructure and the support crossbar.

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