RU2733374C1 - Method of producing sorbent for collecting oil and oil products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes; chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to sorbent for production of sorbent for collection of oil and oil products, which is carried out by treatment of cellulose-containing material by drying it with heating, further thermal treatment and cooling in conditions of limited air access for at least two hours. Cellulose-containing material is wood wastes in form of wood chips or sawdust, simultaneously with thermal treatment, woodworking wastes are subjected to rotation in closed cylindrical volume, from which pyrolysis gases and steam can be discharged, and inside closed cylindrical volume is arranged at least one embedded element of rectangular shape, which in process of rotation acts on woodworking wastes and inner walls of closed cylindrical volume, wherein thermal treatment of wood processing wastes is preferably carried out at temperature of 190–230 °C.

EFFECT: high quality of sorbent for collecting oil and oil products with simultaneous high output thereof from unit volume of initial cellulose-containing material.

4 cl, 3 tbl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for producing sorbents for cleaning the surface of water and the surface of the earth from oil pollution.

A known method of obtaining a sorbent for cleaning surfaces from oil products in which cellulose-containing raw materials are subjected to extrusion with simultaneous autohydrolysis at a temperature of at least 100 ° C, a pressure of at least 10 MPa and mechanical shear-compression deformation. The technical result of the invention is to reduce the time and energy consumption of the process of obtaining a sorbent from cellulose-containing raw materials (RF patent No. 2266159, publ. 20.12.2005).

Also known is a method of obtaining a sorbent for water purification from light oil products based on cellulose-containing material by heat treatment, where high-moss peat of a low degree of decomposition is used as a cellulose-containing material, which is preliminarily crushed with subsequent granulation to obtain granules with a diameter of 2 ÷ 3 mm, and heat treatment carried out at a temperature of 165 ÷ 175 ° C without air access for 40 ÷ 60 minutes. At the same time, prior to heat treatment, peat granules are dried to a moisture content of 14–16% in natural conditions (RF patent No. 2270718, publ. 27.02.2006).

The known methods of producing a sorbent from cellulose-containing materials are laborious, do not provide a high yield of the sorbent in relation to the feedstock, and the sorbent itself does not provide a high sorption capacity for oil and oil products.

The known method of torrefaction of wood raw materials, which includes the stage of drying wood raw materials, the stage of torrefaction at a temperature of 230-290 ° C and cooling, while the wood raw materials are loaded into drums, which are rolled due to gravity along inclined guides, rotating around their axis, and sequentially move through the drying zone, torrefaction zone and cooling zone, the heat carrier for drying and torrefaction is supplied to the outer surface of the drums and into the cavity of the drums through perforated pipes installed along the axis of the drums, forming an annular cavity for loading wood raw materials, pyrolysis gases and water vapor are removed from the cavity drums by means of through holes of perforated pipes through holes in removable drum covers (RF patent No. 2714649, publ. 18.02.2020).

Torreficate obtained by a known method is not described as a sorbent used for collecting oil and oil products. In addition, the yield of finished torreficate in relation to the feedstock is not high enough.

The closest technical solution is a method of obtaining a sorbent for water purification from oil products, including heat treatment of the original cellulose-containing material, while heat treatment is carried out in an autoclave to the temperature of resin release at 180-210 ° C for 2-3 hours (RF patent No. 2112594, publ. 10.06 .1998).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that when the sorbent is obtained in an autoclave or retorts, the finished product is burnt or underburned, as well as its clumping, which reduces the yield of the finished product. Experimental data show that losses can be 12-16% of the volume of raw materials loaded.

The technical objective of the claimed invention is to increase the yield of an effective sorbent for collecting oil and oil products from a unit volume of the original cellulose-containing raw material.

The achieved technical result is the provision of high quality sorbent for collecting oil and oil products, while its high yield per unit volume of the initial cellulose-containing raw material.

The technical problem is achieved by the fact that the claimed method of obtaining a sorbent for collecting oil and oil products, which is carried out by drying it when heated, followed by heat treatment and cooling in conditions of limited air access for at least two hours, characterized in that waste is taken as a cellulose-containing material woodworking in the form of wood chips or sawdust, simultaneously with heat treatment, woodworking waste is rotated in a closed cylindrical volume, from which it is possible to remove pyrolysis gases and steam, and inside the closed cylindrical volume, at least one rectangular embedded element is placed, which in the process rotation affects the woodworking waste and the inner walls of the closed cylindrical volume, while the heat treatment of woodworking waste is carried out preferably at a temperature of 190-230 ° C.

A metal plate is preferably used as a rectangular insert.

The closed cylindrical volume is a drum made of metal, which is equipped with a perforated pipe placed inside the drum and designed to remove the generated pyrolysis gases and steam.

As a cellulose-containing material, woodworking waste is taken in the form of chips or sawdust of wood species, for example, spruce, pine, larch, birch, aspen or their mixture.

Comparison of the proposed technical solution with the prototype shows that it differs in the following features:

- woodworking waste is rotated simultaneously with heat treatment in a closed cylindrical volume;

- during rotation, the woodworking waste and the inner walls of the closed cylindrical volume are additionally affected by at least one embedded element;

- the embedded element has a rectangular shape;

- thermal processing of woodworking waste is carried out preferably at a temperature of 190-230 ° C.

- a closed cylindrical volume is made with the possibility of removing pyrolysis gases and steam.

Therefore, we can assume that the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty".

The claimed technical solution can be implemented using known technical means, so it meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

A feature of the method is that when rotating in a closed cylindrical volume in the process of heat treatment, there is a constant and intensive mixing of raw materials. Therefore, in the claimed technical solution, there is no sticking of raw materials into lumps, and the probability of burnout or underburning of the finished product is significantly reduced. It should also be noted that the optimal sizes of the sorbent particles, which provide the required sorption capacity and effective collection of oil products, are also achieved by introducing at least one embedded element in the form of a metal plate into the closed volume. When receiving a sorbent, raw materials can be used that have been in dumps for a long time and in the winter period are solidified lumps. When the closed cylindrical volume rotates, the metal plate breaks up these lumps and scrapes the adhered raw materials from the inner walls of the closed cylindrical volume, for example, a drum. In addition, a metal plate inside a rotating closed cylindrical volume also provides grinding of the finished product and obtaining a sorbent of a certain fraction (Fig. 6), while it is additionally heated and radiates heat inside the closed cylindrical volume, which increases the uniformity of heating of the raw material during its heat treatment. Applicant in the research process various embedded elements were used for grinding raw materials, for example, needle, arcuate, ball-shaped, etc. Tests have shown that an embedded element in the form of a metal plate behaves most effectively in a closed volume.

As a result of patent information research, the claimed set of features was not revealed, therefore the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

To obtain a sorbent from cellulose-containing material, in particular sawdust and shavings, an industrial unit (hereinafter referred to as PU) was designed and manufactured, which is shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4. FIG. 5 shows the finished sorbent obtained from pine chips without the use of an embedded element in the form of a metal plate; Fig. 6 shows a sorbent withdrawn immediately after heat treatment from PU using an embedded element in the form of a metal plate; Fig. 7 shows an isotherm of the sorption kinetics of aspen sesqui-reflux at 20 ° C, Fig. 8 shows an end view of a drum with an inserted metal plate, Fig. 9 shows an insert in the form of a metal plate.

An industrial plant (PU) is made on a tubular base 1, in the form of runners, which allow the PU to be moved to the desired place by sliding. The tubular base 1 is rigidly welded to the bottom of the lower part of the housing 2, to which the cover 4 is attached through the hinge 3. The upper part of the housing 4 can be lifted relative to the hinge 3 using the bracket 5, to which the cable 6 is attached and it is possible to raise and lower the cover 4 for loading and unloading two drums 7.

The lifting and lowering of the cover 4 is performed by a mechanical winch 8, which transmits the force to the cable 6 through the vertical post 9 and the block 10.

In section G-G (Fig. 1), it can be seen that the cover 4 is made in two layers of metal 11 with thermal insulation 12 placed inside, for example, in the form of a well-known insulation - perlite, which is covered between welded and sealed metal sheets 11 with a thickness of 3 mm. Also, the lower part of the body 2 is made with insulation. A thermal sensor 13 is installed in the cover 4, which transmits an electrical signal to the digital control panel 14.

To adjust the required temperature, an electric blower fan 15 serves, which, depending on the required temperature set on the digital control panel 14, sets and regulates the required combustion temperature of wood in the combustion chamber 16 located in the lower part of the housing 2, where there is an air supply valve 17, which is regulated by a lever 18, which is either completely closed and prevents the supply of air, or partially or completely open to supply air by the valve 17 and intensify the combustion of wood.

Loading of firewood or any other type of solid fuel to ensure the required temperature for heat treatment (preferably not lower than 190 and not higher than 230 ° C) is carried out through the loading hatch 19, which is mounted on hinges 20 and has the ability to swing all the way into the ground and is fixed in the closed position after loading the required amount of firewood with the help of a descending and rotating stop - a latch 21 made in the form of an L-shaped movable latch. The working body of the power plant are drums 7. A feature of drums 7 (Fig. 3) is that a perforated pipe 23 is welded along the drum axis to its bottom 22, through which steam with gaseous pyrolysis products is removed from drum 7. An embedded element in the form of a metal plate 33 is installed in the drum 7 (in our case, the size of the selected plate was 5 × 70 × 790 mm, Fig. 8).

During the heat treatment of raw materials, the drums 7 are set in rotation. To rotate drums 7, made for this PU from standard barrels of 200 liter containers with a removable lid 24 (Fig. 4), and an annular U-shaped clamp 25, which is latched onto hook 27 by means of lever 26, three rotating shafts with sprockets 28 are provided, which due to the chain transmission 29 from the drive sprocket 30 are driven from the gear motor 31, which has the ability to control the desired speed of the ring-shaped drums 7 filled with finely ground wood raw material in the form of chips and sawdust. A chimney 32 is installed in the upper part of the cover 4, through which flue gases from the combustion of firewood and excess heat are removed. The rotation of the drums 7 is carried out according to a given program. The embedded element in the form of a rectangular metal plate 33, when the drum 7 rotates, promotes mixing of the raw material, and breaks the crumpled raw material during its heat treatment, then crushes the finished sorbent, and scrapes off the particles of raw material adhering to the inner surface of the drum 7.

Table 1 shows the modes of heat treatment of various types of crushed wood raw materials, which were used on PU.

After heat treatment, the finished sorbent from drums 7 was removed. Clumping, burning of the finished sorbent was not recorded, and there was no adhesion of the processed raw materials on the snacks of drums 7, i.e. the entire volume of the feedstock loaded into the drum 7 is a ready-made sorbent for petroleum products (Fig. 7).

Table 2 shows data on the yield of the finished product from PU.

The applicant in FGAOU VO “Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin ", under the leadership of the head of the laboratory for analysis and certification of polymer materials, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor S.А. Vshivkov, studies were carried out to assess the sorption of sorbent samples, which were obtained at a processing temperature of 200-230 ° C. In the scientific and technical report of Professor S.A. Vshivkov, the sorbent under study was defined as one and a half prescription, i.e. in the specified temperature range of processing, the resulting sorbent is an intermediate product of pyrolysis of wood particles, which have a developed sorption surface and are effective against oil and oil products. Table 3 shows the results of studies of sorption of sesqui-prescription obtained according to the claimed invention from aspen sawdust.

The studies carried out confirm the high yield of the sorbent for collecting oil and oil products from a unit volume of the initial cellulose-containing raw material, as well as the high efficiency of the claimed sorbent when collecting oil and oil products.

Thus, the claimed technical solution allows to increase the yield of an effective sorbent for collecting oil and oil products.

Claims (4)

1. A method of obtaining a sorbent for collecting oil and oil products, which is carried out by processing cellulose-containing material by drying it when heated, followed by heat treatment and cooling under conditions of limited air access for at least two hours, characterized in that woodworking waste is taken as cellulose-containing material in the form of chips or sawdust of wood species, simultaneously with heat treatment, woodworking waste is rotated in a closed cylindrical volume, from which it is possible to remove pyrolysis gases and steam, and inside the closed cylindrical volume, at least one rectangular embedded element is placed, which during rotation affects the woodworking waste and the inner walls of the closed cylindrical volume, while the heat treatment of woodworking waste is carried out preferably at a temperature of 190-230 ° C. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a metal plate is taken as a rectangular embedded element. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the closed cylindrical volume is represented by a drum made of metal. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that spruce, pine, larch, birch, aspen or a mixture thereof are taken as woodworking waste.

Images