RU2726335C1 - Plant for automatic watering of plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: plant growing.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to plant growing and can be used for drip irrigation of greenhouses and gardens. Proposed plant comprises metering tank with outlet branch pipe to drain water into water distribution system, automatic float valve with air outlet/inlet branch pipe and pipeline with shutoff valve for water supply. Air outlet/inlet branch pipe is located in the center of the gate surface with water discharge/inlet branch pipes symmetrically placed in its cavity. Float gate is installed with possibility of movement along height on hollow guide posts connected by one end to bottom of chamber, and by another – to chamber cover. Air outlet/inlet pipe is connected to bellows, which upper end is connected to lower part of branch pipe, fixed in cover, with connection to it of small impeller for supply of air under pressure to gate. Dosing tank is equipped with a vertical wall, a discharge siphon and an air tube for air discharge from the chamber. Siphon is installed in the upper part of the wall separating the metering tank into two chamber sections, one of which is sealed with a siphon and a branch pipe for draining water into the water distribution system. Operation of closed chamber is controlled by means of control unit with electronic-switched circuit and connected to it electromagnetic sensors of water level monitoring in chamber. Source of compressed air in form of impeller is connected to control unit, slide mechanism is installed with possibility to communicate cavity of chamber with atmosphere and is connected by control input through electromagnet with program unit, which inputs are connected to level sensor, and output with small impeller. Unit is equipped with setter of periodical periodicity of spool opening and closing.EFFECT: higher reliability of the plant due to control of water level in the chamber.3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of plant growing for growing plants in greenhouses and can be used for watering greenhouses and gardens.

Known installation for automatic irrigation of plants, including a metering tank with an outlet pipe for draining water into the water distribution system, a float with a stem with a shutter valve for closing the drain hole of the outlet pipe and a pipeline with a shut-off valve for water supply, while the metering tank is equipped vertical wall and a drain siphon installed on the upper part of the vertical wall dividing the dosing tank into two chamber sections, one of which is made sealed with a siphon outlet and an outlet pipe for draining water into the water distribution system, while the float is equipped with a lid from a truss metal, on which the seal is located, and guides, and permanent magnets are installed on the siphon outlet to fix the float in the upper position after its ascent and a seal, which, together with the float cover seal, when it floats up, ensures hermetic closure of the siphon outlet and an air pipe with a return th valve for air release (Patent RU No. 2671140, A01G 27/00 dated October 29, 2018).

The disadvantage of this installation is insufficient efficiency in the siphon execution of the suction part of the siphon, as well as the complexity of control of the drain part of the siphon, when it is necessary to monitor the filling level of the stilling chamber, respectively, and empty it, as well as to monitor the level in the sealed chamber, taking into account its filling time. In addition, the complexity of the design of the float drive, which means that it does not sufficiently ensure the accuracy and speed of regulation with a large range of variation of the supplied flow rate, which requires reconstruction for the use of the installation, i.e. it is necessary to slowly accumulate water in the sealed section-chamber and suddenly start the siphon at a high flow rate for uniform distribution of water to greenhouses, beds and gardens.

The closest of the known technical solutions is the installation for automatic watering of plants selected as a prototype, which includes a metering tank with an outlet pipe for draining water into the water distribution system, a float with a stem with a shut-off valve to close the drain hole of the outlet pipe and a pipeline with a shut-off valve for water supply, while the dosing tank is equipped with a vertical wall, a discharge siphon installed on the upper part of the vertical wall dividing the dosing tank into two chamber sections, one of which is made sealed with a siphon and an outlet pipe for draining water into the water distribution system , and an air tube with a check valve for air inlet, while it contains an adjustment device made in the form of a single check air valve, compactly mounted for air release with a float rod installed at a predetermined operation point of the shutter valve above the vertical outlet pipe for draining water into the water distribution system with the possibility of changing its moment of force, and the through air hole located under the cover has a restriction in the form of an upper position stop when the float ascends and provides free air outlet through the air tube, while the siphon trigger mechanism is made in the form of interconnected a liquid level sensor tube and an ejector, and the liquid level sensor tube is communicated on one side with the suction part of the siphon through an opening made in the vertical wall of the sealed section-chamber, and on the other side - by means of an ejector with a drain part of the siphon located in the section - the chamber through its inlet pipe, and the lower end of the sensor tube is located in the sealed chamber section above the level of the outlet vertical pipe for draining water into the water distribution system, and the end of the drain part of the siphon is below its level (Patent RU # 2686617, A01G 27 / 00 from 04/29/2019).

The disadvantage of this installation is that it has several separate elements for regulating the float device associated with the valve gate to close the water outlet of the outlet vertical pipe, which reduces the quality of regulation of the float device for the flow and discharge of water into the water distribution system, as well as the presence of an additional hole in the lid for fixing in it, an air tube through which atmospheric air from the atmosphere (or compressor) does not flow, as well as insufficient control over the water level in the closed section-chamber within the required control limits, regardless of the change in the water flow rate by the siphon, since it is necessary have special devices for measuring water flow.

When creating the invention, the author was faced with the task of expanding the design of an installation for automatic irrigation of plants, including a hollow float valve with the supply of not only filling the cavity with water, but also creating positive buoyancy using a small impeller that allows atmospheric air to be supplied under pressure to the valve body and, then, displace water from the valve body, and the valve floats, opening the outlet pipe for draining water into the water distribution system, and also ensure reliability and improve the working conditions of the service personnel for the independence of the setting process and maintaining the level in the chamber section filled with water by a siphon, and the ability to automatically register and control the processes of filling and draining water into the water distribution system, i.e. with the best technical and operational characteristics.

The technical task is to increase the reliability of the installation and develop a design that provides an increase in the efficiency of the work due to the possibility of automatic tracking of the chamber section by filling the water and its triggering to drain.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that in an installation for automatic irrigation of plants, including a metering tank with an outlet pipe for draining water into the water distribution system, a gate for closing the drain hole of the outlet pipe and a pipeline with a shut-off valve for water supply, while the metering tank equipped with a vertical wall, a discharge siphon installed on the upper part of the vertical wall, dividing the dosing tank into two chamber sections, one of which is sealed with a siphon and an outlet pipe for draining water into the water distribution system and an air pipe for air release, while at a given level of the shutter actuation above the vertical outlet pipe for draining water into the water distribution system with the possibility of changing its opening, the position stop when the shutter is raised, while the siphon trigger mechanism is made in the form of interconnected liquid level sensor and ejector tubes, and the tube is liquid level sensor communicated with one hundred rons with the suction part of the siphon through an opening made in the vertical wall of the sealed section-chamber, and on the other hand - by means of an ejector with the drain part of the siphon located in the section-chamber through its inlet pipe, and the lower end of the sensor tube is located in the sealed section - the chamber above the level of the outlet vertical branch pipe for draining water into the water distribution system, and the end of the drain part of the siphon is below its level, characterized in that the valve is made by a movable hollow float of automatic action with an air outlet and inlet branch located in the center of the surface of the float valve, and water outlet (inlet) nozzles symmetrically placed in its cavity, and the air outlet and air inlet branch is connected to a flexible bellows, the upper end of which is connected to the lower part of the branch pipe fixed in the cover with a small impeller for supplying air under pressure from the atmosphere located on the cover , top tank a-dispenser, while the valve is installed with the possibility of movement in height on hollow guides connected at one end with the bottom of the chamber section, and with the other with the cover, in addition, the float valve has a flange along the outer perimeter, with which the valve rests on the flange with a branch pipe for drainage of water into the water distribution system, and the flange along the outer perimeter of the float valve is welded to the rings with which the float valve is put on the spool.

In addition, limiters are installed on the hollow guide posts, which determine the boundary of the vertical lift of the float valve.

In addition, the side walls of the float valve are covered with a rubber seal, which ensures hermetic closure of the outlet vertical pipe for draining water into the water distribution system, which is fixed in the lower position after the float valve is lowered, which is simultaneously filled with water through the water outlet (inlet) pipes symmetrically placed in its cavity.

The presence of such design features as the implementation of a hollow float valve with its elements of automatic action with an air outlet pipe, respectively, and which is also an inlet pipe located in the center of the gate surface, and the float valve is installed with the ability to move along the height on hollow guides, additionally equipped with water outlets ( inlet) nozzles in the body cavity with the possibility of positive lifting (floating) upwards under the cover when it is saturated with compressed air from a small impeller, air is displaced from the shutter body through the nozzle, and the shutter floats after the siphon has been triggered with water supply to the closed chamber section, opening the nozzle drain into the water distribution system. It has a device for monitoring the water level in the chamber section, more reliably quantitatively and qualitatively records the filling of the chamber section with water.

The control unit for actuators of automatic devices in the form of block diagrams, which are not shown, since they do not relate to the essence of the proposed proposal.

It should be noted that all structural elements are simple and reliable in operation, and operate in an automatic mode, which means that in a guaranteed ongoing process, performing a given function, first filling the hollow valve body with water, and then supplying air from a small impeller under pressure, displaces water from the valve body through the pipes, and the valve floats, opening the pipe for draining water into the water distribution system. In addition, it provides the installation of an automatic control system as a whole and creates control over the ongoing process.

Comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution and the prototype shows that in the claimed set of features, part of the essential features meets the criterion of "significant differences".

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows the design of the installation for automatic irrigation.

The installation for automatic watering of plants includes a metering tank 1, divided into a stilling section-chambers 2 and 3, one of which is made of a sealed chamber 3 with a drain 4 part of a siphon 5 and an outlet vertical pipe 6 slightly shifted to the side to drain water into the water distribution system ... The siphon 5 with a suction branch 7 is located in a chamber equipped with a vertical wall 8, and the chamber 9 has a bottom in the form of a horizontal shelf 10 with an outlet 11. Manipulations of the shut-off valve 12 ensure the flow of the estimated water flow from the pipeline 13 into the storage chambers 2 and 9.

The suction branch 7 of the siphon 5, which has a calibrated hole 14 at the end, communicates with the stilling section-chamber 2, and the end of the drain 4 part of the siphon 5 is located away from the outlet vertical pipe 6 and below its level towards the bottom of the stilling section-chamber 3. Drain part 4 of the siphon 5 through the ejector 15 and the sensor tube 16, the mechanism for starting the siphon, communicated with the suction branch 7 towards the bottom of the stilling chamber 3. The outlet vertical pipe 6, respectively, is located above the end of the drain part 4 of the siphon 5, with the possibility of flooding its end water. In this case, the adjusting float device is made in the form of a closing shutter 17 with a hollow body having a flange 18 along the outer perimeter, with which the shutter rests on the flange 19 of the vertical pipe 6. Rings 20 are welded to the flange 18, with which the shutter 17 is put on the guides of the posts 21 The shutter is in the center the surface has an air outlet (inlet) nozzle 24, and inside the body there are water outlet (inlet) nozzles 25, brought out to the peripheral surface of the shutter, i.e. in chamber section 3.

The air outlet (inlet) branch pipe 24 is connected by means of a flexible bellows 26 (or a polyethylene flexible hose that is always buoyant) with an air outlet (inlet) branch pipe 27 fixed in the cover 28. The end of the branch pipe 27, respectively, is connected to a small impeller 29 mounted on top of the cover 30 of the metering tank 1 for injecting atmospheric air under pressure of the valve body 17 for displacing water from the valve body, and the latter floats up, opening the outlet vertical branch pipe b to drain water into the water distribution system. In the section-chamber 3, sensors 31 and 32 of the upper and lower water levels are placed. The level sensors are connected to the impeller 29 through the program unit 33. The cover 28 also has a spool mechanism 34, which communicates by means of a tube 35 with the cavity of the chamber section 3, and a control input through an electromagnet 36 connected to the program control unit 33. The latter has a adjuster (not shown) for the duration of the periodic opening and closing of the spool mechanism. Thus, the control of the small impeller 29 for supplying compressed air is provided by automatic devices in block diagrams, which are not shown, since they do not relate to the essence of the claimed object and the disclosure of these blocks is provided by communication with the program unit 33, which is also associated with the above control devices.

A control unit 33 with an electro-communication circuit (not shown) is intended to control the entire device and also includes electronic key elements, an electromagnetic time relay, a comparison unit, a voltage stabilizer and a switch unit (not shown).

The lower part of the side walls of the gate 17 usually has rubber seals, which provide a hermetic closure of the vertical branch pipe 6 with a flange 19 for the flow and discharge of water into the system 37 for distributing water to greenhouses, beds, gardens with drip irrigation from a sealed chamber 3, and when walking along hollow guide posts 21 due to welded rings 20, with which the shutter 17 is put on the guides of the posts 21, thereby fixing the planned position of the shutter 17. After the shutter is seated on the vertical branch pipe 6, the lower stops 22 are installed on the guide posts 21, and the upper stops 23 defining the border vertical lift of the shutter 17 when it is filled with water through the water outlet (inlet) nozzles 25, brought out to the peripheral surface of the shutter 17 of the chamber 3.

Work for automatic watering of plants is carried out in the following sequence.

When the shut-off valve 12 is open, chambers 9 and 2 are filled with water, and with the help of the shut-off valve 12, the rate of water flow into chamber 7 (suction branch of the siphon) is adjusted, from where water fills the stilling chamber 2 along its height when the siphon 5 is inoperative. due to the hydraulic difference between the level of shut-off valves in the form of a pipeline 13 with a shut-off valve 12 and the water level in the stilling chamber 2. Thus, when the water level in the chamber 2 reaches the level of the suction part of the sensor tube 16, the diameter of which is commensurate with the specified water flow , at insignificant values of the supplied flow rate, it starts up as a siphon, draining water into the sealed chamber 3 and flooding the end of the suction branch 7 of the siphon 5. After flooding the end of the suction branch 7, water, passing through the ejector 15, sucks in air from the cavity of the siphon 5, and air fills part sealed chamber 3. At the same time, the water level inside chamber 3 rises, due to The next air suction in the siphon 5 creates a vacuum in it, and it starts up. When the surface level of the lower part of the valve 17 is reached, the valve body 17 is filled with water through the water inlet (outlet) nozzles 25, and the air from the valve cavity 17 is displaced into the atmosphere through the air outlet (inlet) nozzle 24, the bellows 26, the nozzle 27 fixed in the cover 28 and 30, then exits through the nozzle of the small impeller 29, since at this time it is turned off from operation, and air also exits simultaneously from the chamber 3 into the tube 35 into the atmosphere when the chamber 3 itself is filled to the maximum. This is due to the fact that the small impeller 29 does not work in the absence of turning it on, respectively, filling the shutter 17, closes the outlet vertical pipe 6 with a flange 19. In this case, the lowering can be limited (adjusted) due to the presence of holding in the planned position by the rings 20 welded to the flanges 18 of the valve 17, and abuts against the position of the placement of the lower stops 22 on the guide posts 21 of the valve 17 to close completely or partially (adjust) the outlet vertical pipe 6, i.e. the downward movement of the shutter 17 also depends on the setting of the limiter 22 on the guide posts 21 (for example, a screw-nut). The water supply is stopped by lowering the gate 17 with a rubber seal, which encloses the lateral lower conical side walls of the gate 17, while the gate remains flooded, and the level rises to the location mark in the cover 28, controlled by time switches (not shown), which are associated with the software control unit 33. The program unit 33 electromagnet 36 acts on the slide valve mechanism 34, moves its piston, communicating through the tube 35 the cavity of the chamber 3 with the atmosphere.

Removing the vacuum as a result of the intake of air with water, filled under the cover 28, go out into the atmosphere. The impeller 29 through the nozzles 27, 24 and the bellows 26 supplies air under pressure to the shutter 17, the air displaces water from the shutter body and the shutter 17 floats, limiting its floating by the upper limiters 23, the chamber 3 starts to work. In this case, the shutter 17 slides along the vertical guides 21, but is held in the planned position by rings 20 welded to the shutter flange 18, this prevents its skew in height and its shape (the dome and the taper of the side walls play their positive role of buoyancy). The operation of chamber 3 continues until the level in it reaches the minimum, while the siphon 5 is disconnected from the operation by filling time and communication with chambers 9 and 2, with manipulations (setting) of the shut-off valve 12 of pipeline 13. Upper and lower water levels in chamber 3 are monitored by sensors 31 and 32, the signals from which are fed to the program unit 33 to control the operation of the small impeller 29 for supplying air under pressure, thereby creating positive buoyancy of the shutter 17 and displacing water from its body through the nozzles 25. After a certain period of time, the programmed block 33 with an electromagnet 36 acts on the spool mechanism 34, moves its piston, communicating through the tube 35 the cavity of the chamber 3 with the atmosphere, i.e. the vacuum is removed in the cavity of the chamber 3.

As a result, further filling occurs through the siphon 5 of the chamber 3 and the shutter 17. In the future, the process is repeated.

Changing the height of the float valve 17 above the vertical outlet 6 with a flange 19, you can adjust its location by moving the stops 22 (in the form of a screw-nut), respectively, and flush chamber 3 with a minimum water consumption. In this case, the water dispensing system 37 is turned off (not shown). Thanks to this mode of operation, the functionality of the float shutter is expanded, and full automation of the control of the camera device 3 is achieved, the error of which is quite high.

Thus, the connection between the operation of the siphon and the chamber with a float valve during the entire period of irrigation of greenhouses and gardens with drip irrigation after a certain predetermined time is automated, which determines its reliability and ensuring long-term (long-term) operation and improvement of working conditions of the service personnel, is the independence of the task process and maintaining the level in a closed chamber filled with water using a siphon and other devices, having a simple system of irrigation automation units.

Claims (3)

1. Installation for automatic irrigation of plants, including a metering tank with an outlet pipe for draining water into the water distribution system, a valve for closing the drain hole of the outlet pipe and a pipeline with a shut-off valve for water supply, while the metering tank is equipped with a vertical wall, a drain siphon , installed on the upper part of the vertical wall, dividing the metering tank into two chamber sections, one of which is made sealed with a siphon and an outlet pipe for draining water into the water distribution system and an air pipe for releasing air, while at a predetermined shutter operation point above an outlet vertical pipe for draining water into the water distribution system with the possibility of changing its opening there is a position stop when the shutter is lifted, the siphon trigger mechanism is made in the form of interconnected liquid level sensor tubes and an ejector, and the liquid level sensor tube is communicated on one side with the suction part of the siphon through the hole filled in the vertical wall of the sealed section-chamber, and on the other hand - by means of an ejector with the drain part of the siphon located in the section-chamber through its inlet branch pipe, and the lower end of the sensor tube is located in the sealed section-chamber above the level of the outlet vertical branch pipe for drainage of water into the water distribution system, and the end of the drain part of the siphon is below its level, characterized in that the shutter is made by a movable hollow float of automatic action with an air outlet and inlet pipe located in the center of the surface of the float shutter and symmetrically placed in its cavity water outlets / inlet nozzles, moreover, the outlet and air inlet branch pipe is connected to a flexible bellows, the upper end of which is connected to the lower part of the branch pipe fixed in the lid, with the connection to it of a small impeller for supplying air under pressure from the atmosphere located on the lid on top of the bladder tank, while the shutter is installed with the possibility movement in height on hollow guides connected at one end to the bottom of the chamber section, and at the other to the lid, in addition, the float valve has a flange along the outer perimeter, with which the valve rests on the flange of the pipe for draining water into the water distribution system, and a flange along the outer perimeter of the float valve is welded to the rings with which the float valve is put on the hollow guide rails, in addition, the closed chamber section is equipped with a control unit with an electronic commutation circuit and electromagnetic sensors for controlling the water level of the chamber section connected to it, and the source of compressed air in the form of an impeller connected to the control unit, the spool mechanism is installed with the possibility of communicating the cavity of the chamber section with the atmosphere and is connected by the control input through an electromagnet to the program unit, the inputs of which are connected to the level sensor, and the output to the small impeller, while the unit is equipped with a timer for the period of periodic opening and closing spool and. 2. Installation under item 1, characterized in that on the hollow guide posts set limiters that determine the boundary of the vertical rise of the float valve. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the side walls of the float valve are covered with a rubber seal, which ensures tight closure of the outlet vertical pipe for draining water into the water distribution system, which is fixed in the lower position after lowering the float valve, which is simultaneously filled with water through symmetrically placed in its cavity with water outlets / inlets.

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