RU2723774C2 - Insulating layer for complex heat insulation system and complex heat insulation system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to complex system of facade heat insulation and method of its installation. Insulation layer of complex heat insulation system from facade insulating elements has, in all zones of joint gaps of insulating elements bordering each other, at least, located on the side of outer wall recess in form of undercut, which is filled with hardened and elastic filler with force closure.EFFECT: invention makes it possible to prevent gaps from appearing on the facade of the building and to increase its energy efficiency.10 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to an insulating layer for an integrated thermal insulation system. Further, the invention relates to an integrated thermal insulation system, as well as to a method for its installation.

Against the background of rising energy costs and growing legal requirements, a key role is given to improving the energy efficiency of buildings. Of particular importance is the insulation of facades, in particular in the form of an integrated thermal insulation system (WDVS). Typically, complex thermal insulation systems are constructed from applied to an insulated facade or wall using adhesives and / or mechanical fasteners, in particular plate-shaped dowels, an insulation layer that is created from abutting insulation panels laid together in a plane, and which is external the side is covered with a lower layer of plaster with a reinforcing fabric embedded in it and an upper or cover layer of plaster, if necessary, they have external coloring as a subsequent layer. Foamed polystyrene (EPS) and mineral wool (glass wool and mineral wool) insulation materials, other insulation materials, in particular rigid foams, such as, in particular, extruded polystyrene, are used as insulation material in complex thermal insulation systems. and polyurethane (PUR) / polyisocyanurate (PIR) or penophenoplast / resol are only of auxiliary practical value.

For many years, to increase energy efficiency, there has been a tendency to increase the thickness of insulating materials. In the case of relatively inelastic insulating materials from rigid foams, i.e. expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS), polyurethane (PUR), polyisocyanurate (PIR), foam / resole, increasing the thickness of the insulating material leads to a problem. Due to local climatic conditions, in particular, the orientation of the facade and the accompanying insolation, this leads to a certain heating of the exterior structure of the building and the insulation layer. With an increase in the thickness of the insulating layer, an increasing temperature gradient is established between the surface of the insulating layer facing the external side and the surface facing the load-bearing wall. The consequence of this is that the surface of the insulation panel facing the outside is significantly affected by temperature changes, while the surface facing the wall has only very small temperature fluctuations, which is expressed in different dynamic longitudinal expansion caused by the temperature, usually forming separate insulation layers panels, and showing the already relatively smaller change in length, the inner side of the insulating layer near the wall is further limited in the change in length due to fastening. This effect is known as protrusion.

This dynamic behavior when expanding the insulation panels can lead to gaps between adjacent insulation panels. Although in the complex thermal insulation system the insulating panels are closed with reinforced plaster, nevertheless, the existing tendency to thinner thicknesses of the plaster layers, despite the embedded reinforcing layer, leads to an increased risk of gaps due to cracking of the plaster, which cannot withstand dynamic bulging loads.

To avoid the described problems, a number of solutions have been proposed in the past.

Thus, DE 33 12 414 discloses an insulating panel with a stepped seam profile running along the perimeter, which is arranged as an insulating layer of an integrated thermal insulation system so that a recess is formed on the outside, which is filled with a preformed, identical to the material with insulating panels, butt profile, which glued to adjacent insulating panels. The joint profile serves as a labyrinth seal, which should prevent the ingress or penetration, or the formation of moisture in the gap zone. To balance the stresses, the butt profile is equipped, in particular, with one-sided fabric gluing, which is embedded in a known manner into a layer of plaster. A comparable solution with a preformed pressure element is disclosed in DE 20 2006 015 663 U1. The adhesive joint is required to ensure flawless and durable adhesion of the profile elements and insulation panels to each other. The disadvantage of these solutions is that they require additional, precisely fitted profile elements that need to be put in place, which is time-consuming. In addition, the profile elements are limited by simply inserted geometric shapes, such as a rectangle or wedge shapes, so the contact surface is limited.

DE 35 28 776 provides for the execution of the joint zone in the form of an elastic exhaust strip, which is closed from the outside with an elastic sealing compound. Due to the sealant used in the groove of the elastic exhaust strip with less Shore hardness, no thermal movements in the elastic coating area and, therefore, in the plaster layer, should be observed. This solution is a time-consuming and expensive special solution, which requires the manufacture of insulation panels and attached exhaust strips, as well as the application of an elastic sealing compound, at least partially in place at the work site.

DE 298 20 778 U1 discloses heat-insulating panels with a groove and sheet pile of artificial foam, which have an undercut-shaped extension in the intermediate space of two adjacent panels. This expansion in position is located between the groove and the tongue and the wall and serves to reliably prevent the penetration of the adhesive solution, with which the insulation panels are fixed on the wall, into the area of the grooves and tongues. The formation of external cracks in the gaps is not a matter of discussion.

Based on this state of affairs, the object of the invention is the creation of an insulating layer of an integrated thermal insulation system from facade insulation panels, which prevents gaps from appearing on the facade and is at the same time easy to manufacture and install.

The problem is solved by using an insulating layer of facade panels with the characteristics of paragraph 1 of the claims. Independent protection is claimed for an integrated thermal insulation system with the features of clause 11, as well as a method of manufacturing an integrated thermal insulation system according to clause 12. Preferred improvements to the invention are distinguished by the features contained in the subclauses.

According to the invention, the insulating layer of the integrated thermal insulation system applied to the wall of the building from the facade insulating panels with a rectangular main body with two opposite large surfaces and four side surfaces connecting large surfaces has at least a cut in the shape of an undercut in the areas of the butt joints of adjacent panels adjacent to each other . In this case, the profiling of the insulation panels is formed and positioned in such a way as to form a recess with an adjacent, end-to-end insulation panel on the corresponding touch surface, which is located on the side turned from the wall when laying the insulation panels as an insulation layer of an integrated thermal insulation system. The recesses are filled with an elastic filling mass with adhesive properties, therefore, the panels are rigidly connected to each other by an elastic connection with a force closure, so the protrusion is significantly reduced. The execution of the notch in the form of an undercut results in an elastic connection with a force closure with particularly good mechanical properties based on the increased contact surface between the filler material and the increased amount of filler material.

Along with the expression bulging, the term curvature, respectively, bulge is also used, in English-speaking countries they speak of “bending” or “bulging”. By this is meant one-sided thermal expansion of the panel on the facade under the influence of temperature, which is accompanied by bulging of the insulation panels. The panels are rounded in a bowl shape and, thus, cracks can form in the gap zone.

At the same time, along with the formation of a connection with a force circuit, this ligament is preferably a seal of the joint surface from the penetration of the binder solution into the butt joint. By applying a lower layer of plaster using conventional laying techniques, it is not possible to avoid the fact that the binder solution material is partially pressed into the butt joints. Along with the opening of the butt joint resulting from this, a similar tongue of the binder solution is accompanied by the formation of a thermal bridge, which can reduce the overall insulating effect of the integrated thermal insulation system. Although in construction practice, butt joints are filled during the completion with suitable material in order to avoid thermal bridges due to wider butt joints, however, this occurs for butt joints of a certain width, which depends on the diameter of the outlet of the application device usually a cartridge. Narrow butt joints in the range of several millimeters, as a rule, are not finalized and do not have a power short circuit connection with each other.

Preferably, the facade insulation panel has profiling on two adjacent side surfaces. With this profiling configuration “at an angle”, the side surfaces opposite to both profiled side surfaces do not have profiling. Facade insulating panels in the insulating layer are stacked together so that the profiled side surface of one facade insulating panel borders on the unshaped side surface of the adjacent facade insulating panel, so a recess is formed by profiling one panel.

Alternatively, it is also possible for the insulating panel to have perimeter profiling on all four side surfaces, so a recess in the insulating layer arises through the interaction of profiling and back profiling (bordering panel).

Although it is possible to provide profiling also on both opposite side surfaces of the facade insulation panel, however, this option has the disadvantage that facade insulation panels must be produced with this form of profiling on long side surfaces and on short side surfaces, i.e. two products must be made. Formation of recesses in the insulating layer over the entire surface, i.e. solid, it turns out, moreover, only when laying with a cross ligament, which, however, is basically less desirable.

Advantageously, profiling extends over no more than 50% of the thickness of the insulation panel and, therefore, the insulation layer, particularly preferably no more than 25% of the thickness of the insulation panel, respectively, of the insulation layer. The non-profiled portion of the side surface serves as the interface for laying facade insulation panels in the insulation layer.

The façade insulation panel for the material is preferably formed of expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS), polyurethane (PUR), polyisocyanurate (PIR) or phenolic resin / resole. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is particularly preferred.

The filling mass has adhesive properties and makes it possible to flexibly connect with a force short circuit between adjacent insulating panels. It is preferable that the filling material after curing has an elastic modulus E according to ISO 527 from 20 MPa to 150 MPa, particularly preferably from 50 MPa to 120 MPa.

Advantageously, a material which has a thermal conductivity according to DIN 52612-2: 1984-06 less than or equal to 0.060 W / (mK), preferably less than or equal to 0.040 W / (mK) finds use as a filler material. By using this insulating action of the filler material, it is most preferable to prevent gaps from appearing on the plastered facade.

In order to achieve a good long-lasting adhesive connection, it is preferable that the filling mass in the cured state has a tensile strength of the adhesive connection of at least 60 kPa, preferably at least 80 kPa according to EN 15870: 2009.

Foaming fillers based on polyurethane or polyisocyanurate, which can be supplied in cartridges, are preferred. Alternatively, self-curing one- or multicomponent adhesive masses based on artificial materials, mineral adhesive masses or modified (“improved”) synthetic materials, mineral adhesive masses replaced with insulating materials, preferably EPS polystyrene in granular form, can be used.

A method of obtaining a comprehensive thermal insulation system according to the invention is represented by the steps

- applying an insulating layer according to the invention by laying end-to-end facade insulating panels on an insulated wall of a building with glue and / or mechanical fasteners,

- filling formed between adjacent facade insulation panels by profiling the recesses with an adhesive filling mass and curing the filling mass with the formation of an elastic adhesive connection with a force short circuit,

- if necessary, removing excess filling mass and / or leveling the gap after the filling mass has hardened,

- application of the lower layer of plaster, reinforcing fabric and the upper layer of plaster and, accordingly, subsequent coating layers.

Advantageously, the insulating layer consists exclusively of facade insulating panels according to the invention.

Due to the unintended use of preformed profile elements with high manufacturing and fitting costs, a simple solution to the problem statement becomes possible.

Further, the invention is described in more detail with examples of execution, and the same objects are denoted by the same reference signs. Show:

Figure 1 facade insulation panel for the insulation layer according to the prior art in perspective view,

Figa profiling of the facade insulation panel of Fig.1

2b-d are various versions of profiling a facade insulation panel for the insulation layer according to the invention.

Figure 3 is a fragment of the invention according to the invention of an insulating layer of facade insulating panels after application to the wall.

Figure 1 shows a facade insulation panel 1 made of expanded polystyrene (EPS) in the form of a rectangle with a first large surface 2 opposite the large surface 3, two short side surfaces 4 and two long side surfaces 5. The facade insulation panel 1 has on the short side surface 4 the non-profiled portion 4 ′ of the side surface and profiling 6 and on the long side surface 5, the non-profiled portion 5 ′ of the side surface and the second profiling 7. Both profiling 6, 7 are made here as a rectangular recess, which is presented in section in the plane AA 'of the section in figa for fragment Z of the part. Both profiles 6 and 7 have equal dimensions, so the length, respectively, the width of the first large surface 2 is 5 mm less than the length, respectively, the width of the second large surface 3. Both profiles extend to a depth of 30 mm of the insulating panel with dimensions of 1000 × 500 × 100 mm in terms of a non-profiled rectangle. For example, the profiling depth is, therefore, 30% of the thickness of the panel. In the case of a rectangular recess, the size of each intermediate plane parallel to the large surfaces 2, 3, along the profiling depth, is equal to the size of the first large surface 2.

2b-2d show, in an enlarged view of the part, various profiling designs of the facade insulating panel for the insulating layer according to the invention for part Z of the part. For better comparability, the designs 2a to 2d are graphically arranged one under the other so that the non-profiled sections 4 ′ of the side surface are located on one straight line.

Figure 2a is an enlarged view of a profile with a rectangular recess according to the prior art of Figure 1. Profile Width, i.e. the distance between the coaxial plane of the non-profiled sections 4 'of the side surface and the profiling 4ʺ of the side surface 4 is constant along the depth of the profile.

Fig. 2b represents a first profiling of a facade insulation panel for the insulation layer according to the invention. Here, the profiling has a relatively small spacing of 3 mm from the coaxial plane of the non-profiled sections 4 'of the side surfaces and forms, after the parallel edge zone 10, an undercut zone 11 until the depth of the profile is reached.

The profiling in FIG. 2c, as the next profiling of the facade insulation panel for the insulation layer according to the invention, differs from the embodiment in FIG. 2b in that the undercut is formed not with a bevel, but as a groove 12 under the parallel edge zone 10.

The profiling of FIG. 2d is a recess 13 in the form of a trough or trapezoid.

As can be directly seen from images 2b-2d, the length of the intermediate plane, i.e. the passage in the direction of the plane AA 'of the cross section up to the opposite side surface due to the larger profile width, for example 2b in the undercut zone 11, for example 2c in each place of the groove 12 and for example 2d, at least a parallel the coaxial plane of the bottom of the recess 13 in the form of a trough is less than the corresponding length of the first large plane. Of course, this is also true for the unrepresented case of profiling the (precisely) orthogonal lateral surface.

Although the profiling of FIG. 2b to 2d in the insulation panel can only be provided on two adjacent side surfaces, however, for these profiles, perimeter profiling on all four side surfaces is preferable so that a mirror-symmetric gap is formed, which for example 2d is indicated by a dotted line with adjacent next facade insulation panel. Then the gap has an undercut on both sides, which is filled with filler material and allows a more intensive connection of the filler material and the facade insulation panels so that a higher gap strength is achievable.

Figure 3 is a fragment of the insulating layer according to the invention 14 of the insulating panels after application to the wall, with profiling 6, 7 turned from the side of the wall. For simplified presentation, the mechanical fasteners used if necessary are omitted, and reference signs are applied only once. The fragment according to FIG. 3 shows a total of twenty facade insulation panels 1 with profiling according to FIG. 2b at an “angle” on two adjacent side surfaces, which are usually located together before applying the filler material. In the top view, it is possible to distinguish that the facade insulating panels 1 are exemplified in such a way that the profiling from the parallel edge zone 10 and the beveled undercut zone 11 are each time located at the right and lower edges of the facade insulation panel 1. Using such a regular arrangement in the plane on all the butt planes of the insulating elements — horizontally extending, intermittently vertically — clearances are obtained, respectively, recesses 15. In this embodiment, the gap 15 is wedge-shaped and is formed by profiling 6, respectively 7, and an unshaped side surface 4, respectively, 5 adjacent the following facade insulation panel 1. The undercut restriction is not visible in the plan view and in Fig. 3 is indicated by dashed lines 16.

After applying the insulating panels 1 and the concomitant formation of a gap at the next stage of operation, the gaps 15 are foamed or filled with a suitable filler material, in particular glue made of foam-PUR. After the lapse of time for foaming and curing, then the swollen material is removed from the gap with a universal knife and, if necessary, the gap is leveled. The following layers are then applied onto the insulation layer thus prepared in a known manner, the lower layer of the plaster with the reinforcing fabric, the upper layer of the plaster / coating layer of the plaster and, consequently, the subsequent coating layers, such as painting the integrated thermal insulation system.

In addition to gluing the façade insulation panels abutting against one another in accordance with the invention, façade insulation panels located at right angles to each other at right angles can also be glued, which results in increased mechanical stabilization.

Among other things, the invention leaves room for subsequent forms of execution.

It is not required that the profiling on all profiled side surfaces have the same geometry; different geometries can also be combined with each other.

Also, the main shape of the facade element, in contrast to the shape of the rectangle, can be a known element of the stepped fold. Then, the profiling embodiment described in accordance with the invention is preferably formed in one of both insulating layers of the stepped fold element.

The main shape of the facade element, in contrast to the shape of the rectangle, can be a well-known groove-groove element. Then, the profiling embodiment described in accordance with the invention is preferably located in one of the two outer insulating layers of the three-layer groove-groove element.

It is obvious to a person skilled in the art to bring specific profiling dimensions into correspondence with each other, in particular, the profile width at the application site, a substantially narrow parallel edge zone according to fig.2b-2d, taking into account the inverse profile, flow properties of the filler material and the geometry of the application organ, so that quick filling of cavities can be achieved with minimal use of material.

The indicated dimensions and parameters of materials are in this respect for illustrative purposes only. Other sizes and materials are within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims (14)

1. A method of manufacturing an integrated thermal insulation system, characterized by stages - applying an insulating layer (14) from facade insulation panels (1) with a rectangular main body with two opposing large surfaces (2, 3) and four side surfaces connecting large surfaces (4, 5) by laying butt-on facade insulation panels (1) on the insulated wall of the building with glue and / or mechanical fasteners, so that the insulating layer (14) in the areas of the butt joints of the panels adjacent to each other has at least one external recess (6, 7, 15) on a large surface facing away from walls of the building, in the form of undercut, - filling formed between adjacent facade insulating panels by profiling the recesses (6, 7, 15) in the form of an undercut with an adhesive filling mass and curing the adhesive filling mass with the formation of an elastic adhesive connection with a force short circuit, - if necessary, removing excess filling mass and / or leveling the recess (15) after the filling mass has cured, - application of the lower layer of plaster, reinforcing fabric and the upper layer of plaster and, if necessary, subsequent coating layers. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the facade insulation panels (1) have two profiled side surfaces adjacent to each other and two non-profiled side surfaces adjacent to each other, and recesses in the form of an undercut of the insulating layer are formed by the interaction of profiled and non-profiled the side surface of the adjacent facade insulation panels. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the facade insulation panels (1) have perimeter profiling on all four side surfaces, so that undercut-shaped recesses in the insulation layer are formed by the interaction of profiling and reverse profiling of the adjacent panels. 4. The method according to one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the notch (6, 7) in the form of an undercut extends not more than 50% of the thickness of the insulating layer (14), preferably not more than 25% of the thickness of the insulating layer (14). 5. The method according to one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the facade insulation panels are formed of expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, polyurethane, polysocyanurate or foam / resole. 6. The method according to one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that the filling mass is an elastic filling mass after curing with an elastic modulus according to ISO 527 from 20 MPa to 150 MPa. 7. The method according to p. 6, characterized in that the elastic filling mass after curing has an elastic modulus of from 50 MPa to 120 MPa. 8. The method according to p. 6 or 7, characterized in that the filling mass has a thermal conductivity according to DIN 52612-2: 1984-06, less than or equal to 0.060 W / (mK), preferably less than or equal to 0.040 W / (mK). 9. The method according to one of paragraphs. 6-8, characterized in that the filling mass after curing forms an adhesive connection between adjacent side surfaces, which has a tensile strength of at least 60 kPa, preferably at least 80 kPa according to EN 15870: 2009. 10. The method according to one of paragraphs. 6-9, characterized in that the filler mass is a foamed filler mass based on polyurethane or polyisocyanurate, connected to the insulating material, a self-cured one or multicomponent adhesive mass based on synthetic material, or connected to the insulating material, a self-cured mineral or modified with artificial material mineral adhesive mass .

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