RU2722939C1 - Method of making complex profile axisymmetric parts - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to metal forming, particularly, to production of complex profile axisymmetric parts operating under internal pressure. At first, pipes are cut to measuring billets, then billets are calibrated along external and / or inner surface, preliminary machining is performed. Further, workpiece is squeezed by press or spinning processing in several passes with intermediate annealing and phosphating in cold state or with heating. At that, prior to the last crimping stroke drawing is performed with thinning of wall along inner surface by punch with working surface profile in the form of a combination of conical and transition sections, then annealing is performed, which reduces stresses and final mechanical treatment. Crimping is carried out by deforming tool using wear-resistant coating, lubricant-coolant and lubricant.

EFFECT: higher quality of parts surfaces and accuracy of geometric dimensions.

5 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of metal forming, in particular to the manufacture of various axisymmetric parts of complex profile from steels and aluminum alloys, for example, gas cylinders, liners, fire extinguishers, receivers, etc.

The most important problem in the production of parts with a complex profile, which is a combination of cylindrical, conical, spherical and toroidal sections, is the fundamental possibility of their production by pressing and pressing methods with high dimensional accuracy and surface quality and high productivity, depending on the resistance of the deforming tool.

A known method of manufacturing parts of complex profile, described in the book "Handbook of cold stamping", V.P. Romanovsky, ed. "Engineering", 1971, pp. 292 ÷ 294, consisting in crimping the neck of the sleeve Fig. 254, 255.

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to obtain a compressed part of the workpiece of greater length.

A known method of manufacturing parts of complex profile by pressure machining, described in the book "Handbook of cold stamping", V.P. Romanovsky, ed. "Engineering", Leningrad, 1971, pp. 369 ÷ 371, Fig. 358 ÷ 361, which consists in the shaping of a mug of sheet steel, fixed with a clamp on the mandrel, for several transitions with a crusher or deforming rollers.

The disadvantages of this method include the low utilization of metal.

Known methods for the manufacture of parts of complex profile described in the book "Running-in metal products in production", V.G. Kaporovich, Moscow, ed. Mechanical Engineering ”, 1973, pp. 7–22, which are various ways of crimping pipe and flat workpieces with a friction tool. The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of the treated surface, which leads to the need for additional mechanical processing.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved technical result is a method of manufacturing axisymmetric parts of complex profile, described in the reference book "Forging and stamping", t. 4, Moscow, ed. "Engineering", 1987, pp. 200 ÷ 216, which consists in crimping the pipe billet (Fig. 1c).

Under the action of a longitudinal external force, the workpiece moves relative to the matrix and takes the form of a part consisting of spherical 1, toroidal 2 and cylindrical 3 sections.

When crimping, the largest wall thickness is on the crimped cylindrical section 3 (p. 208), which reduces the metal utilization factor, since additional mechanical processing of the thickened section is required.

The disadvantage of this method is also the small length of the compressed area.

The main disadvantage of the method adopted for the prototype is the low resistance of the deforming tool, leading to a decrease in the quality of the processed surface and the accuracy of manufacturing parts.

Used to increase the resistance in this method, cutting fluid and grease (p. 345 table 4, p. 347 table 7) are ineffective in the manufacture of parts of complex profile.

The use for increasing the resistance of a deforming tool as wear-resistant coatings (p. 470 ÷ 473): nitriding, electrolytic chromium plating, boronation and vacuum-plasma deposition of titanium carbide (TiC) and titanium nitride (TiN) requires high equipment costs.

In addition, the prototype does not reflect the types of coatings of the deforming tool and lubricants when machining parts of a complex profile with heating.

Thus, the objective of this technical solution adopted as a prototype was to develop a method for manufacturing axisymmetric parts of complex profile by crimping a pipe billet using a wear-resistant coating of a deforming tool, cutting fluid and lubricant.

Common signs with the method proposed by the authors are the operations of crimping pipe billets using a wear-resistant coating of a deforming tool, cutting fluid and lubricant.

In contrast to the prototype, in the proposed method for manufacturing axisymmetric parts of complex profile, pipes are cut into measured billets, calibrated on the outer and / or inner surface, pre-machined, crimped by press or pressure treatment in several transitions with intermediate recrystallization softening annealing and cold phosphating or with heating, in this case, before the last crimping transition, the workpiece is drawn out with the wall thinning on the inner surface with a punch with the profile of the working surface in the form of a combination of conical and cylindrical transition sections with their mating radii, then stress-reducing annealing and final machining are performed.

In special cases, that is, in specific forms of execution, the invention is characterized by the following features:

- the profile of the working surface of the punch is made with the angle of the front conical section 10 ÷ 15 °, the angle of the rear conical section 3 ÷ 7 °, the length of the cylindrical section 8 ÷ 10 mm, the radius of conjugation of the front conical and cylindrical sections of 7 ÷ 12 mm and the radius of conjugation of the rear conical and cylindrical sections 15 ÷ 25 mm;

- when pressing is used deforming rollers with an involute profile of the working surface with a radius at the apex of 5-5-10 mm;

- when crimping workpieces in the cold state, a 0.4 ÷ 0.8% 6MFK-180 perfluoropolyether emulsion emulsion in industrial oil is used as a lubricant, and before crimping, the antifriction coating is applied to the working surfaces of the deforming tool in the form of a solution of a fluorine-containing surfactant in a fluorine-containing solvent;

- the blanks are crimped with preliminary heating of the blanks by the induction method with high-frequency currents at a temperature of 950 ÷ 1000 ° C and a PSV colloidal graphite solution is used as a lubricant, while the graphite is impregnated with a fluorine-containing surface-active substance and dried before preparing a colloidal graphite solution.

It is this that allows us to conclude that there is a causal relationship between the totality of the essential features of the claimed technical solution and the achieved technical result.

The indicated features distinctive from the prototype and to which the requested object of legal protection applies are sufficient in all cases.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method of manufacturing axisymmetric parts of a complex profile, which allows increasing the resistance of a deforming tool to provide the possibility of manufacturing axisymmetric parts of a complex profile with high dimensional accuracy and surface quality, high metal utilization, high productivity.

The specified technical result during the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known method, including crimping the pipe billet using a wear-resistant coating of a deforming tool, cutting fluid and lubricant, the feature is that the pipes are cut into measured billets, calibrated against the outside and, or internal surface, preliminary machining, crimping by pressing or pressing for several transitions with intermediate recrystallization softening annealing and phosphating in the cold state or with heating, while before the last crimping transition, the workpiece is drawn out with a wall thinning along the inner surface with a punch with a profile of the working surface in the form of a combination of conical and cylindrical transition sections with the radii of their conjugation, then annealing reduces stress and final machining.

The new set of operations, as well as the presence of relations between them, allow, in particular, due to:

- cutting pipes into measured billets to increase the utilization of metal;

- calibration of the workpiece on the outer and or inner surfaces to provide the necessary diametrical dimensions for subsequent crimping operations;

- preliminary machining to ensure the necessary dimensions of the workpiece for crimping;

- performing crimping by pressing for several transitions in the cold state with intermediate recrystallization softening annealing to ensure the possibility of manufacturing parts of a complex profile with a large difference in the diameters of the initial billet and its compressed part, since during recrystallization annealing the structure and plastic properties of the metal return to their original state;

- crimping by pressing for several transitions in the cold state with intermediate phosphating to reduce the friction force in the deformation zones, and to improve the quality of the workpiece surface;

- crimping by pressure treatment for several transitions with intermediate recrystallization softening annealing and cold phosphating to expand the technological capabilities of the method and ensure high dimensional accuracy and quality of the workpiece surface;

- crimping by pressing or pressing machining with heating to reduce the complexity of manufacturing parts, as this reduces the number of transitions and the number of intermediate operations;

- performing, before the last transition, the crimping of the billet extract in a cold state with thinning of the wall on the inner surface with a punch with a profile of the working surface in the form of a combination of conical and cylindrical transition sections with radii of their conjugation, to ensure the thinning of the compressed thickened part of the billet and thereby increase the utilization of metal the profile of the punch ensures smooth flow of metal along the surface of the matrix without the formation of corrugations and metal tightening;

- performing annealing, reducing stress, reduce the level of internal residual stresses;

- final machining to obtain threaded end sections for connection with mating components.

Signs characterizing the invention in specific forms of execution, allow, in particular, due to:

- execution of the profile of the working surface of the punch with an angle of the front conical section of 10 ÷ 15 °, an angle of the rear conical section of 3 ÷ 7 °, a length of the cylindrical section of 8 ÷ 10 mm, a radius of conjugation of the front conical and cylindrical sections of 7 ÷ 12 mm and a radius of conjugation of the rear conical and cylindrical sections 15 ÷ 25 mm to ensure a smooth flow of metal along the surface of the matrix on the inner surface of the workpiece without the formation of corrugations and tightenings and with less pulling force, since the metal flow coincides with the movement of the punch;

- use in the pressure treatment of deforming rollers with an involute profile of the working surface with a radius at the apex of 5 ÷ 10 mm to ensure high stability of the process of press processing in the cold state and with heating, since involute and radius sections of the working surface of the rollers are involved in the process of forming;

- use when compressing workpieces in the cold state as a lubricant of 0.4 ÷ 0.8% emulsion of perfluoropolyether acid of grade 6MFK-180 in industrial oil to reduce wear on the working surfaces of deforming rollers and mandrels, when the emulsion contains perfluoropolyether acid of grade 6MFK-180 in industrial oil less than 0.4% wear does not decrease, and when the emulsion content is more than 0.8%, the material consumption increases.

- application before crimping the workpiece 1 in the cold state on the working surfaces of the deforming tool of the antifriction coating in the form of a solution of a fluorine-containing surfactant in a fluorine-containing solvent to increase the service life of the deforming tool.

- use during crimping with preliminary heating of the preforms by induction method with high frequency currents at a temperature of 950 ÷ 1000 ° C and as a lubricant for a colloidal graphite solution PSV, impregnating and drying graphite before preparing a colloidal graphite solution with a fluorine-containing surfactant to reduce the friction force in hot spots and increase the wear resistance of the deforming tool.

The features that distinguish the proposed technical solution from the prototype are not identified in other technical solutions and are not known from the prior art in the process of conducting patent research, which allows us to conclude that the invention meets the criterion of "novelty."

Examining the prior art during a patent search on all types of information available in the countries of the former USSR and foreign countries, it was found that the proposed technical solution does not explicitly follow from the prior art, therefore, we can conclude that the criterion of "inventive step" ".

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the method of manufacturing axisymmetric parts with a complex profile, pipes are cut into measured billets, calibrated on the outer and / or inner surfaces, preliminary machining, crimping by pressing or pressing for several transitions with intermediate recrystallization softening annealing and phosphating in when it is cold or heated, while before the last crimping transition, the workpiece is drawn out with a wall thinning by a punch along the inner surface with the profile of the working surface in the form of a combination of conical and cylindrical transition sections with their mating radii, then stress-reducing annealing and final machining are performed.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 depict crimping of workpieces in a cold state with heating, pressing and pressing processing, and drawing a workpiece with thinning the wall with a punch with a curved profile of the working surface in the form of a combination of conical and cylindrical sections.

In FIG. 1 shows the first transition of crimping a tubular billet 1 with a diameter of D ₀ (mm) and a thickness of t ₀ (mm) by a punch 4 in a die 3 in a cold state by compression processing.

Under the action of force P, the workpiece 1 enters the working cavity of the matrix 3, crimping occurs with the formation of the cylindrical part of the workpiece 2 with a thickness t ₀ (mm) and a diameter D ₀ (mm) equal to the diameter D ₀ (mm) and the wall thickness t ₀ (mm ) the initial workpiece 1 and the conical part with a thickness of t ₁ (mm) and a diameter of D ₁ (mm).

After crimping, the punch 1 returns to its original position and the ejector 5 blank 2 is removed from the matrix.

In FIG. 2 shows the second transition of the crimping of the workpiece 2 by the punch 4 in the matrix 7 under the action of forces P in the cold state by pressing.

Get the workpiece 6 with a cylindrical section with a diameter of D ₀ (mm) and a thickness of t ₀ (mm), a spherical, toroidal and cylindrical section with a diameter of D ₂ (mm) and a thickness of t ₂ (mm).

The ejector 8 blank 6 is removed from the matrix 7.

In FIG. 3 shows a cold exhaust hood by pressing the workpiece 6 with thinning the wall along the inner surface of the cylindrical section with a punch 10 and the working surface in the form of a combination of the front conical section with an angle α, a cylindrical section 1 (mm) long and a rear conical section with an angle β, s the mating radius R ₁ (mm) of the front conical and cylindrical sections and the mating radius R ₂ (mm) of the rear conical and cylindrical sections.

As a result of the hood, a preform 9 with a thinned cylindrical part with a thickness of t ₃ (mm), an inner diameter of D _ext (mm) and an outer diameter of D ₂ (mm) is obtained.

After drawing, the punch 10 returns to its original position and the ejector 11 removes the workpiece 9 from the matrix 7.

In FIG. 4 shows the last transition of cold crimping by pressing by a punch 4 of a workpiece 9 with dimensions D ₀ (mm), t ₀ (mm), D ₂ (mm), t ₃ (mm) installed in the guide sleeve 14 and in the matrix 13.

After crimping, a workpiece 12 is obtained with a cylindrical section with dimensions D ₀ (mm), t ₀ (mm), spherical and toroidal sections obtained in previous crimping and drawing operations (Figs. 2 and 3), with a conical section with an angle γ and a cylindrical plot with dimensions D ₄ (mm) and t ₄ (mm).

The workpiece 12 is removed from the matrix 13 by the ejector 15.

In FIG. 5 shows the induction heating of the workpiece 1 with dimensions D ₀ (mm) and t ₀ (mm) in the inductor 16 by high-frequency currents over a length L _n (mm) for subsequent crimping operations by pressing and pressing treatments.

In FIG. 6 shows the crimping by pressing the preform 1 preheated over a length L _n (mm) in a die 7 by a punch 4.

After crimping, a blank 6 is obtained with the same dimensions as in FIG. 2, since the same matrix 7 is used (Fig. 2).

The ejector 8 blank 6 is removed from the matrix 7.

In FIG. 7 depicts crimping by pre-processing of a workpiece 1 on a mandrel 17 by deforming rollers 18 in a cold state and with preliminary heating over a length L _H (mm) (Fig. 5).

The workpiece 1 is mounted on the mandrel 17 with a clamp 19.

S (min ^-1 ) is the speed of rotation of the workpiece.

F (mm / min) - axial feed.

The deforming rollers 18 are made with a working surface in the form of a combination of sections of the involute profile ab and a section of a circle with a radius R (mm).

After crimping by pressure treatment, the workpiece 6 receives the same dimensions as when crimping by pressing (Fig. 2).

The workpiece 6 is removed from the mandrel 17 by the puller 20.

A method of manufacturing axisymmetric parts of a complex profile is as follows.

First, pipes are cut into measured billets on a pipe cutting machine. Then the workpiece is calibrated on the outer and or inner surfaces, depending on the range of pipes.

Preliminary machining is performed on a lathe to obtain blank 1 with dimensions D ₀ (mm) and t ₀ (mm) (Fig. 1).

Then, the preform 1 is crimped at the first transition in a cold state by pressing (Fig. 1) by a punch 4 in a matrix 3 to obtain a preform 2 with a cylindrical section with dimensions D ₀ (mm) and t ₀ (mm) and with a conical section with dimensions D ₁ (mm) and t ₁ (mm), while the workpiece 2 on the conical section thickens (t _1mm > t _0mm )

Before crimping, the antifriction coating in the form of a solution of a fluorine-containing surfactant in a fluorine-containing solvent is applied to the working surfaces B of matrix 3, and when crimping as a lubricant on surface A of workpiece 1 and surface B of matrix 3, a 0.4 ÷ 0.8% perfluoropolyether acid emulsion of the brand 6MFK-180 in industrial oil. The workpiece 2 is removed from the matrix 3 by the ejector 5.

After recrystallization softening annealing and phosphating, the preform 2 is crimped at the second transition in a cold state by pressing by a punch 4 (Fig. 2) in a matrix 7 to obtain a preform 6 with a cylindrical section with dimensions D ₀ (mm), t ₀ (mm), with a spherical , toroidal and cylindrical thickened section with dimensions D ₂ (mm) and t ₂ (mm), with t _2mm > t _1mm .

Before crimping, an antifriction coating in the form of a solution of a fluorine-containing surfactant in a fluorine-containing solvent is applied to the working surfaces of the matrix 7.

When crimping, as a lubricant for the working surfaces of matrix D of matrix 7 and surface B of workpiece 2, they use 0.4–0.8% emulsion of perfluoropolyether acid grade 6MFK-180 in industrial oil.

The workpiece 6 is removed from the matrix 7 by the ejector 8.

After recrystallization softening annealing and phosphating, the billet 6 is subjected to cold extrusion by extrusion with thinning along the inner surface of the thickened pressed portion in matrix 7 with a punch 10 with a front conical section with an angle α, a cylindrical transition section with a length of 1 (mm) and a rear conical section with an angle β, with mating radii R ₁ (mm) and R ₂ (mm) (Fig. 3).

Get the workpiece 9 with a cylindrical section with dimensions D ₀ (mm) and t ₀ (mm), spherical and toroidal sections obtained in the previous crimping operation (Fig. 2) and a thinned and elongated cylindrical section with dimensions D _ext (mm) and t ₃ (mm), with t _3mm <t _2mm .

Before drawing on the working surfaces G of the matrix 7 and on the working surfaces E of the punch 10, an antifriction coating is applied in the form of a solution of a fluorine-containing surfactant in a fluorine-containing solvent.

When extracting on the working surfaces of the matrix G, on the working surfaces E of the punch 10 and on the surface D of the workpiece 6, lubricant is applied in the form of 0.4 ÷ 0.8% of a perfluoropolyester acid emulsion of grade 6MFK-180 in industrial oil.

The workpiece 9 is removed from the matrix 7 by the ejector 11.

After recrystallization softening annealing and phosphating at the last crimping transition, the preform 9 is pressed cold by pressing by a punch 4 in a matrix 13 (Fig. 4) to form a preform 12 with a cylindrical section with dimensions D ₀ (mm) and t ₀ (mm), spherical and toroidal sections obtained in previous crimping and drawing operations (FIG. 2, FIG. 3), a conical section with an angle y and a cylindrical section with dimensions D ₄ (mm) and t ₄ (mm).

Before crimping, the working surfaces AND matrix 13 are coated with an antifriction coating in the form of a solution of a fluorine-containing surfactant in a fluorine-containing solvent.

When crimping, as a lubricant for the working surfaces of both the matrix 13 and the surface W of the workpiece 9, they use 0.4 ÷ 0.8% emulsion of perfluoropolyether acid of the grade 6MFK-180 in industrial oil.

After crimping, the workpiece 12 is removed from the matrix 13 by the ejector 15.

Then the workpiece 12 is subjected to annealing, which reduces the voltage in the electric furnace and the final machining on a lathe with the formation of threaded sections for connection with components.

Alternatively, a method of manufacturing axisymmetric parts of a complex profile by cold pressing is as follows.

After cutting the pipes into measured billets, calibration and preliminary machining, the billet is subjected to pressure treatment on a rolling mill for several transitions with intermediate recrystallization annealing and phosphating.

The blank 1 is mounted on the mandrel 17 (Fig. 7), fixed on the mandrel with a clamp 19 and squeezed by deforming rollers 18 to form a blank with dimensions of a cylindrical, spherical, toroidal and cylindrical sections equal to the sizes of these sections obtained by crimping by pressing (Fig. 2).

Before crimping, an antifriction coating in the form of a solution of a fluorine-containing surfactant in a fluorine-containing solvent is applied to the working surfaces K of the mandrel 17 and the working surfaces L of the rollers 18.

When crimping on the working surfaces K of the mandrel 17, on the working surfaces L of the rollers 18 and on the surface A of the workpiece 1, a lubricant is applied in the form of 0.4 ÷ 0.8% emulsion of perfluoropolyether acid of grade 6MFK-180 in industrial oil.

After crimping, the workpiece 6 is removed from the mandrel 17 by the puller 20.

Further processing of the preform is carried out as described above: annealing is performed by recrystallization softening, phosphating, drawing with thinning (Fig. 3), annealing is recrystallizing softening, phosphating, crimping (Fig. 4), stress-reducing annealing and final machining.

Alternatively, a method of manufacturing axisymmetric parts of a complex profile by pressure treatment with heating is as follows.

Billet 1 obtained by cutting pipes into measured billets, by calibration and preliminary machining with dimensions D ₀ (mm) and t ₀ (mm) is heated by high-frequency currents at a temperature of 950 ÷ 1000 ° C in inductor 16 over a length L _H (mm) (Fig. 5).

Then the workpiece is installed on the mandrel 17 of the press-rolling machine, fixed with a clamp 19 and squeezed by deforming rollers 18 along the length L _H (mm) for several transitions without removing the workpiece from the mandrel (Fig. 7) to obtain the workpiece 6 with the dimensions of a cylindrical, spherical, toroidal and cylindrical sections equal to the dimensions of these sections obtained by crimping by pressing treatment (Fig. 2).

Before crimping, the working surfaces K of the mandrel 17 and the working surfaces L of the rollers 18 are lubricated with a PSV colloidal graphite solution, while the graphite is impregnated with a fluorine-containing surfactant before preparation and dried.

The workpiece 6 is removed from the mandrel 17 by the puller 20.

Further processing is performed as described above (Fig. 3, Fig. 4).

Alternatively, a method of manufacturing axisymmetric parts of a complex profile by crimping by pressing with heating is as follows.

Billet 1 obtained by cutting pipes into measured billets, by calibration and preliminary machining, heated to a temperature of 950 -000 ° C with high-frequency currents in inductor 16 over a length L _H (mm) (Fig. 5) is crimped (Fig. 6) by pressing in the matrix 7 at a length L _H (mm) of the punch 4.

Get the workpiece 6 with the same dimensions as obtained by crimping by pressing treatment (Fig. 2).

Before crimping, the working surfaces G of the die 7 and the working surfaces M of the punch 4 are lubricated with a PSV colloidal graphite solution, while the graphite is impregnated with a fluorine-containing surfactant before the solution is prepared and dried.

After crimping, the workpiece 6 is removed from the matrix 7 by the ejector 8.

Further processing of the blanks 6 is performed as described above (Fig. 3, Fig. 4).

Example 1

The manufacture of axisymmetric parts of a complex profile in the cold state by pressing is as follows.

A hot-rolled pipe ∅426 × 18 mm with a length of a multiple of 380 mm from steel 10, 20, 30, 35 and others is cut into billets 380 mm long on a pipe cutting machine.

The preforms are calibrated on the press on the outer surface, first with a diameter of 414 mm and after annealing the recrystallization softener with a diameter of 402.5 mm, then after the annealing of the recrystallization softener, the workpieces are calibrated on the inner surface and a workpiece with an inner diameter D _ext 370.5 mm and a length of 390 mm is obtained .

Preliminary machining of workpieces on a lathe on the outer surface and ends is performed. A blank is obtained with a diameter of 403 mm, a length of 380 mm, and a thickness of 16.25 mm.

After recrystallization softening annealing in an electric furnace and phosphating in baths, the first transition of crimping the workpiece 1 on the press is performed (Fig. 1).

Get the workpiece 2 with the dimensions of the cylindrical section D ₀ = 403 mm, t ₀ = 16.25 mm, length 60 mm, a conical section with a diameter D ₁ = 333 mm, thickness t ₁ = 18 mm and a total length of the workpiece 385 mm.

Before crimping, an antifriction coating in the form of a solution of a fluorine-containing surfactant in a fluorine-containing solvent 6СФК-180-05 ТУ 2229-004-26008884-2015 is applied to the working surfaces B of matrix 3.

When crimping before turning on the press stroke, the working surfaces B of the matrix 3 and surface A of the workpiece 1 are lubricated with a 0.6% perfluoropolyether acid emulsion of grade 6MFK-180 TU 2154-003-26008884-2015 in industrial oil I-20 GOST 20799- 88.

Recrystallization softening annealing is carried out in an electric furnace and phosphating of the preforms in the baths.

After that, the second transition of crimping the workpiece 2 is performed by the punch 4 in the matrix 7 (Fig. 2) on the press.

Get the workpiece 6 with a cylindrical section with a diameter of D ₀ = 403 mm, a thickness of t ₀ = 16.25 mm, a length of 60 mm, a spherical and toroidal sections with a length of 88 mm and a compressed cylindrical section with a diameter of D ₂ = 311 mm, a thickness of t ₂ = 20 mm , 182 mm long with a total workpiece length of 330 mm.

Before crimping, an antifriction coating in the form of a solution of a fluorine-containing surfactant in a fluorine-containing solvent 6СФК-180-05 ТУ 2229-004-26008884-2015 is applied to the working surfaces Г of matrix 7.

When crimping before turning on the press stroke, the working surfaces G of matrix 7 and surface B of workpiece 2 are lubricated with a 0.6% perfluoropolyether acid emulsion of grade 6MFK-180 TU 2154-003-26008884-2015 in industrial oil I-20 GOST 20799- 88.

Recrystallization softening annealing and phosphating of the preforms is performed.

Then, the blanks 6 are drawn (Fig. 3) on a press in a matrix 7 with a punch 10 with a front conical section with an angle α = 10 °, with a cylindrical section 1 = 10 mm long, with a rear conical section with an angle β = 5 ° and mating radii R ₁ = 10 mm, R ₂ = 20 mm.

After drawing, a blank 9 is obtained with a cylindrical section with a diameter of D ₀ = 403 mm, a thickness of t ₀ = 16.25 mm, a length of 60 mm, a spherical and toroidal sections of 88 mm long and a cylindrical section of a thickness of t ₃ = 16 mm, with an inner diameter of D _ext = 228.5 mm, outer diameter D ₂ = 311 mm, length 272 mm and total length 424 mm.

That is, during the drawing operation, thinning and elongation of the cylindrical thickened section obtained in the previous crimping operation (Fig. 2) are obtained, while the cylindrical section with a diameter D ₀ = 403 mm, the spherical and toroidal sections 88 mm long remain unchanged.

Before drawing on the working surfaces G of the matrix 7 and on the working surfaces E of the punch 10, an antifriction coating is applied in the form of a solution of a fluorine-containing surfactant in a fluorine-containing solvent 6СФК-180-05 ТУ 2229-004-26008884-2015.

When extracting before turning on the press stroke, the working surfaces G of the die 7, the working surfaces E of the punch 10 and the surface D of the workpiece 6 are lubricated with a 0.6% emulsion of perfluoropolyether acid grade 6MFK-180 TU 2154-003-26008884-2015 in industrial I-20 oil GOST 20799-88.

Recrystallization softening and phosphating are annealed.

Then perform the last transition crimping on the press of the workpiece 9 by the punch 4 (Fig. 4) in the matrix 13 with the guide sleeve 14.

Get the workpiece 12 with a compressed conical part with a taper angle γ = 4 ° and a cylindrical part with a diameter of D ₄ = 279 mm, a thickness of t ₄ = 17 mm, a length of 96 mm with a total length of the workpiece of 460 mm.

Before crimping, the antifriction coating in the form of a solution of a fluorine-containing surfactant in a fluorine-containing solvent 6СФК-180-05 ТУ 2229-004-26008884-2015 is applied to the working surfaces And matrix 13.

When crimping before turning on the press stroke, the working surfaces of I matrix 13 and surface 9 of workpiece 9 are lubricated with a 0.6% perfluoropolyether acid emulsion of grade 6MFK-180 TU 2154-003-26008884-2015 in industrial oil I-20 GOST 20799- 88.

Annealing is performed to reduce stresses in an electric furnace and to finish machining on a lathe.

Example 2

The manufacture of axisymmetric parts of a complex profile by cold pressing is as follows.

The billet 1 obtained by cutting the pipe into measured billets, calibrated and pre-machined (see example 1) is crimped by a pressure treatment on a rolling mill in two transitions with intermediate recrystallization softening annealing in an electric furnace and phosphating in baths.

The workpiece 1 is crimped onto the mandrel 17 (Fig. 7) by deforming rollers 18 with working surfaces in the form of a combination of sections of the involute profile ab and a circle with a radius of R = 5 mm to obtain the workpiece 2 after the first transition (see Fig. 1, example 1) and blanks 6 after the second transition (see Fig. 2, example 1).

Before crimping, the antifriction coating in the form of a solution of a fluorine-containing surfactant in a fluorine-containing solvent 6СФК-180-05 ТУ 2229-004-26008884-2015 is applied to the working surfaces K of the mandrel 17 and the working surfaces L of the deforming rollers 18.

When crimping before turning on the working cycle of the machine, on the working surfaces K of the mandrel 17, on the working surfaces L of the deforming rollers 18 and on the surface A of the workpiece 1, grease is applied in the form of a 0.4% 6MFK-180 perfluoropolyether acid emulsion

TU 2154-003-26008884-2015 in industrial oil I-20 GOST 20799-88.

Further processing is performed as in example 1.

Example 3

The manufacture of axisymmetric parts of a complex profile by pressure treatment with heating is carried out on a press-rolling machine as follows.

The workpiece 1 (see example 1) is heated in the inductor 16 currents of high frequency (Fig. 5) at a length L _H = 3 10 mm to a temperature of 950 ÷ 1000 ° C.

The blank 1 is mounted on the mandrel 17, fixed on it with a clamp 19 and squeezed on a length L _H = 310 mm by the deforming rollers 18 for two transitions without removal from the mandrel.

After the first transition, a blank 2 with dimensions (see Fig. 1, Example 1) is obtained and after the second transition, a blank 6 with dimensions (see Fig. 2, Example 1) is obtained.

When crimping before turning on the working cycle of the machine, on the working surfaces K of the mandrel 17 and on the working surfaces L of the rollers 18, a lubricant in the form of a colloidal graphite solution PSV is applied, while graphite is impregnated with a fluorine-containing surfactant 6СФК-180-20 ТУ 2229-004 before preparation -26008884-2015 for 20 minutes at a temperature of 22 ° C, then dried for 30 minutes at a temperature of 80 ° C.

Further processing is performed as in example 1.

Example 4

A method of manufacturing axisymmetric parts by pressing with heating is as follows.

Billet 1 after cutting pipes into billets, calibration and preliminary machining (example 1) is heated in the inductor 16 high-frequency currents (Fig. 5) over a length L _H = 310 mm to a temperature of 950 ÷ 1000 ° C.

Then the workpiece is crimped on the press by the punch 4 in the matrix 7 at a length L _H = 310 mm (Fig. 6) and get the workpiece 6 with the dimensions the same as in example 1 (Fig. 2)

When crimping before turning on the working stroke of the press, a lubricant in the form of a colloidal graphite solution PSV is applied to the working surfaces G of the die 7 and to the working surfaces M of the punch 4, while the graphite is impregnated with a fluorine-containing surfactant 6СФК-180-20 ТУ 2229- before preparation of the solution 004-26008884-2015 for 20 minutes at a temperature of 22 ° C, then dried for 30 minutes at a temperature of 80 ° C.

Further processing is performed as in example 1

The implementation of the method of manufacturing axisymmetric parts of a complex profile in accordance with the invention provides the ability to obtain parts of various sizes of a complex profile with high accuracy of geometric dimensions, high quality of machined surfaces, high metal utilization, high productivity and high resistance of the deforming tool.

The invention can be used in the production of various sizes of axisymmetric parts of complex shape from steel and aluminum alloys both in cold and in hot condition.

The indicated positive effect is confirmed by tests of samples of parts made according to this technical proposal.

Currently, technical documentation has been developed, tests have been carried out and serial production of the products according to the invention has been scheduled.

Claims (5)

1. A method of manufacturing axisymmetric parts of a complex profile, including crimping a pipe billet with a deforming tool using a wear-resistant coating of a deforming tool, cutting fluid and lubricant, characterized in that the pipe billet is obtained by cutting the pipe into dimensional billets, calibrate it according to the external and / or internal surface, preliminary machining, while the crimping of the tube billet is carried out by pressing or pressing for several transitions with intermediate recrystallization softening annealing and phosphating in the cold state or with heating, while before the last transition of the crimping, the workpiece is drawn out with wall thinning along the inner the surface with a punch with the profile of the working surface in the form of a combination of conical and cylindrical transition sections with the radii of their conjugation, and then annealing, which reduces stress, and final machining are performed. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the profile of the working surface of the punch is performed with the angle of the front conical section 10 ÷ 15 °, the angle of the rear conical section 3 ÷ 7 °, the length of the cylindrical section 8 ÷ 10 mm, the radius of the conjugation of the front conical and cylindrical sections 7 ÷ 12 mm and a radius of conjugation of the rear conical and cylindrical sections 15 ÷ 25 mm. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when crimping the tubular billet by means of pressure treatment, deforming rollers with an involute profile of the working surface and a radius at the tip of 5 ÷ 10 mm are used. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the workpiece is crimped in the cold state, and 0.4–0.8% 6MFK-180 perfluoropolyether acid emulsion in industrial oil is used as a lubricant, and before being crimped onto the working surfaces of the deforming the tool is applied an antifriction coating in the form of a solution of a fluorine-containing surfactant in a fluorine-containing solvent. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the crimping of the tubular billet is carried out with preliminary heating by induction method with high frequency currents at a temperature of 950 ÷ 1000 ° C, and a PSV colloidal graphite solution is used as a lubricant, with graphite being prepared before colloidal the graphite solution is impregnated with a fluorine-containing surfactant and dried.

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