RU2720041C1 - Device for destruction of rocks by impact pulses - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: soil or rock drilling; mining.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining, mining and construction industry and construction industries and can be used for destruction of hard rocks when drilling blasting and exploration wells by drilling machines. Device for rock destruction by impact pulses comprises rock cutting tool, impact mechanism including piston with inner cavity filled with heavy fluid. Impact mechanism is equipped with a piston with a spring-loaded striker installed between the piston and the rock-destructing tool; at that, the upper end of the springs is installed in slots of the piston with a striker fixed on the lower end.EFFECT: higher drilling speed and durability of the bit, as well as higher safety of operations.1 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining, mining and construction industries and the construction industry and can be used to destroy hard rocks during drilling of blasting and exploration wells by drilling rigs.

A device for drilling machines with electric vibrators (Ivanov K.I., Latyshev V.A., Andreev V.D. Drilling technique in the development of mineral deposits. - M .: Nedra, 1987, pp. 179-184, 262-265 ), operating on the basis of the magnetostriction effect due to the application of high-frequency vibration to the bit, such a drilling device includes a drill, shock absorbers, power supplies, adapter couplings, channels for the passage of compressed air, springs enclosed in the housing.

The disadvantage of this device is a significant increase in the length of the drill, the need for a cable section with a mercury contact, small amplitude shock pulses passing through the drill head to the machine body, as well as the generation of a shock pulse that is not optimal in shape, causing increased wear of the rods and bits and the presence of reflected momentum.

A device for drilling is known (Filippov G.S. et al. Substantiation of parameters and research of a combined drilling tool. In collection: "Development and improvement of engineering and technology for mining enterprises." Publishing House Gipronickel, L., 1991, p. 25 -33), performing rotary percussion drilling, in which a combined rock cutting tool is used, including cutters and chisels, as well as a percussion mechanism (a submersible hammer), including a piston with channels.

The disadvantage of this device is the limitation on the durability (resistance) of the assembly of the cone in the chisel of the bit, since high dynamic forces from the interaction of the bit with the face will not allow for affordable materials to make the design of the paw with wall thicknesses that allow continuous drilling over rocks of high strength with variables interlayer properties. Also, the use of this design requires the development of a new type of bit, the manufacture of which can create serious technological difficulties.

A percussion device for rock destruction is known (USSR author's certificate No. 1153052 M., published April 30, 1985), which contains a percussion machine with a crown and a piston, inside which a cavity is made, partially filled with a heavy liquid (mercury), which allows to intensify the destruction of rocks due to the fact that the shock impulse arising from the action on the rock cutting tool of the piston body, impose an additional impulse created by the displacement of a heavy fluid in the piston cavity.

The disadvantage of this device is the uncontrollability of the additional shock impulse from the action of a heavy fluid, since the magnitude of the additional impulse depends only on the mass of the fluid, which is determined by the internal volume of the piston, while adjusting the magnitude of the shock impulse during the operation of the hammer is impossible, which reduces the drilling speed and bit stability In addition, the use of mercury is harmful.

Known perforator (RF patent No. 2444602, publ. 10.03.2012), containing a rock cutting tool, a housing with a rotary mechanism and a double striker placed in it, including the main and auxiliary strikers, an air distribution system, a rotary and end axle, auxiliary striker, which has an internal cavity with an elastic element made in the form of tapering and expanding parts.

The disadvantages of a perforator are a decrease in the strength of the rod, the difficulty of maintaining a preliminary clearance between the rod and the hammer, the difficulty of controlling the pressure in the barrel of the hammer, as well as the low strength of the hammer due to its three-stage design.

A known method of destruction of rocks by shock pulses and a device for its implementation (RF patent No. 2209913, publ. 08/10/2003), adopted as a prototype, which contains a rock cutting tool, a percussion mechanism, including a piston with an internal cavity filled with a heavy liquid, this shock mechanism is equipped with electromagnetic windings located in its housing, and the piston is hollow with the ability to change the volume of its internal cavity and is spring-loaded, and the piston cavity is filled with a heavy magnetoactive liquid Strongly low viscosity.

The disadvantages of the device are the complexity of adjusting the shock mechanism, as well as the need for a collector to supply electric energy to the rotating drill string, the inability to adjust the shock pulse due to changes in the degree of filling of the cavities in the piston with heavy fluid during the operation of the hammer.

The technical result is the creation of a device to increase the drilling speed and durability of the rock cutting tool and improve the safety of work.

The technical result is achieved in that the percussion mechanism is equipped with a piston with a spring-loaded striker mounted between the piston and the rock cutting tool, the upper end of the springs being placed in the grooves of the piston with the striker fixed to the lower end.

The device is illustrated by the following figures:

FIG. 1 is a General view of the device in section;

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section through a striking mechanism with a striker and springs;

FIG. 3 - hammer with springs and drummer in the initial position;

FIG. 4 - a longitudinal section of the percussion mechanism;

FIG. 5 - a longitudinal section of the percussion mechanism, the piston in motion, with the rebound of the hammer from the cone and impact in the piston;

FIG. 6 - a longitudinal section of the percussion mechanism, the piston in motion, with the second impact of the hammer in the cone;

fig. 7 - a longitudinal section of the percussion mechanism, the piston in the lower position, when the piston hits the cone through the hammer;

FIG. 8 - hammer and piston when they collide;

FIG. 9 is a longitudinal section through the percussion mechanism, the piston approaches the upper position, the valve is switched to supply air to the rod end of the percussion mechanism;

FIG. 10 is a graph of the shape of a rectangular shock pulse in time,

FIG. 11 is a graph of the pulse shape in time with a variable selected depending on the type of rock being destroyed, a rational shape with an exponential leading front, where:

1 - rock cutting tool;

2 - drill string;

3 - shock mechanism;

4 - the piston;

5 - heavy liquid;

6 - groove;

7 - springs;

8 - firing pin;

9 - air distribution mechanism;

10 - channel for connecting the valve to the rod end of the cylinder;

11 - channel for connecting the valve to the piston part;

12 - exhaust channels;

13 - end coupling;

14 - adapter;

15 - cavity;

16 - adapter sleeve.

The device (Fig. 1) mounted on the drill string 2 for rock destruction by shock pulses includes a rock cutting tool 1 and a percussion mechanism 3 (for example, a hammer), which consists of a piston 4 (Fig. 2 and 3) with a cavity 15 serving for filling with a heavy (low viscosity) fluid 5 (for example, a Pole type fluid having a dynamic viscosity coefficient of the order of 10 ^-3 Pa), as well as grooves 6, in which springs 7 are mounted, with a striker fixed to their other end 8 at a certain distance (delta) not b more than 6 mm, while the ratio of the mass of the piston 4 to the mass of the striker 8 is not less than 40/1.

The valve air distribution mechanism 9 by a channel for connecting the valve to the rod end of the cylinder 10 and a channel for connecting the valve to the piston part 11 is connected to the rod and piston parts of the cylinder, respectively, which, in turn, the exhaust channels 12 are connected to the atmosphere.

The case of the percussion mechanism 3 is connected via a tapered thread on one side to the end sleeve 13, the adapter 14 and the rock cutting tool 1, and the other side through the adapter sleeve 16 to the drill string 2.

The device operates as follows (Fig. 1). When drilling vertical wells (holes), the piston 4 is in the upper position, the springs 7 are stretched and hold the hammer 8 at a distance (delta) from the lower end of the piston 4, air through the air distribution mechanism 9 and channel 11 enters the piston part of the percussion mechanism 3 and presses piston 4, a heavy fluid with a low viscosity 5 in the cavity 15 of the piston 4 under the influence of gravity is located below the cavity 15 of the piston 4. During the accelerated movement of the piston 4 downward, the heavy fluid 5 under the action of inertia goes into the upper part of the cavity 15 of the piston 4 (Fig. 2). As a result of the downward movement of the piston 4, a complex blow occurs: first, as a result of the bounce of the hammer 8 (Fig. 3, 4, 5, 6), a load is exerted on the rock cutting tool 1 through the end sleeve 13 by micro impacts of the hammer 8, then the piston 4 itself strikes case (Fig. 6, 7, 8) then there is an impact with a heavy fluid with low viscosity 5 in the cavity 15. Moreover, each impact of the hammer 8 in the clutch 13 may be different, the duration and intensity of each impact of the hammer is determined by its mass and spring stiffness 7, when this when bounce striker 8 from the end couplings s 13 he hits the piston 4 with increasing speed, the springs 7, with a soft characteristic, completely go into the grooves 6 of the piston 4 and practically do not resist the movement of the striker to the piston, since the shock force of the rebound of the striker 8 from the end sleeve 13 is many orders of magnitude higher than the force spring compression resistance (see Fig. 5, 6, 7, 8). In general, the impact is characterized by an increasing pulse in time, amplified by the action of the hammer 8, piston 4 and fluid 5. After the piston 4 is hit through the hammer 8 into the end sleeve 13 and the fluid 5 is struck, the piston 4 goes up to its original position under the influence of air pressure from below (Fig. . 9),

coming through the channel for connecting the valve with the rod part of the cylinder 10 in the body of the percussion mechanism 3, the channel for connecting the valve with the rod part of the cylinder 10 opens when the air distribution mechanism 9. is transferred. Then the cycle repeats.

The invention is characterized by the fact that drilling is performed when not a rectangular impulse is formed, as occurs when a single impact is applied (Fig. 10), but an impulse consisting of a train of consecutive short pulses with a steep leading edge and a steeply breaking back (Fig. 11). This is achieved by the fact that additional pulses are superimposed on the shock impulse transmitted by the piston 4 to the rock-breaking tool 1, resulting from the movement of the hammer 8 in the tapering gap between the piston 4 and the end sleeve 13, while the hammer 8 and piston 4 are connected by soft springs 7, and the springs 7 are fixed from the piston 4 side to the upper parts of the grooves of the groove 6, as well as by pulses created by a heavy fluid with a low viscosity 5 in the cavity 15, which is affected by the hammer and the piston.

The change in the front form of the shock impulse, necessary for the destruction of rocks of various strengths, composition and fracture, is done by creating an additional impulse obtained with the bounce of the striker, followed by the impact of the piston and fluid. The additional impulse is controlled by changing the time intervals between the impacts of the hammer in the piston and rock cutting tool by changing the duration and intensity of each impact of the hammer 8 by varying its mass, distance delta (long springs 7) and spring stiffness 7, as well as changing the active volume of heavy fluid with low viscosity 5 by changing the volume of the cavity 15 of the piston 4.

Due to this, shock pulses arising from the action on the rock cutting tool of the hammer, piston and heavy fluid are spaced in time and differ in intensity. Therefore in

Depending on the mass ratio of the striker and piston, the parameters of the springs, and also the volume of the liquid with low viscosity, shock pulses of various shapes can be formed. Creating a rational pulse shape for a particular rock depending on the type of rock cutting tool and drill string can increase the resistance of the rock cutting tool, as well as increase the drilling speed.

Claims (1)

A device for rock destruction by shock pulses containing a rock cutting tool, a shock mechanism including a piston with an internal cavity filled with a heavy liquid, characterized in that the shock mechanism is equipped with a piston with a spring-loaded striker mounted between the piston and the rock cutting tool, the upper end of the springs being placed in piston grooves with the striker fixed on the lower end.

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