RU2717988C2 - Horse breeding complex with integrated objects of alternative power engineering - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction of structures intended for horse breeding, and also can be used in other cattle-breeding complexes. Horse-breeding complex intended for horses breeding includes open platforms and stable building. Complex is characterized by a built-up structure of sloping roof made in the form of a single plane with objects of alternative energy integrated into it at orientation of the slope plane to the south with location at angle of 35° to the horizon in the central strip of Russia. At that, maximum insolated area is provided for arrangement of solar photoelectric elements and solar collectors integrated into the building structure, and when the slope is located towards the prevailing wind direction, air flows are directed and concentrated to the area of wind power plants located at the highest point along the roof ridge. Orientation of the plane to southern directions makes it possible to simultaneously operate solar photoelectric elements, solar collectors and wind-driven power plants, using energy of the sun and winds of southern directions.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to create an energy-balanced system for using alternative energy sources to increase energy efficiency of the cattle-breeding complex.

1 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction of structures intended for horse breeding, and can also be applied in other livestock complexes.

The aim of the invention is the development of a new universal horse breeding complex, which will become the basis for the formation of complexes for breeding horse breeding and other types of horse breeding enterprises - the device of a production building (stables) equipped with alternative energy facilities, which would not only allow the efficient use of renewable energy sources in the middle band Russia, but would also reflect national architectural features.

The relevance of the invention is determined by the modern development of the national horse breeding industry, the preservation and development of hippodromes and pedigree stud farms, as well as the need to modernize and improve the energy efficiency of the architecture of horse breeding complexes taking into account modern requirements and technologies.

One of the tasks of the industry program "Development of pedigree horse breeding in the Russian Federation for 2013 - 2015 and for the planning period until 2020", which provides for an increase in production of young pedigree horses from 10.0 to 13.0 thousand heads and an increase in total horse livestock from 1362.1 to 1520.0 thousand heads, is the improvement of organizational and technological methods of horse breeding industry and the development of new types of horse breeding enterprises for breeding horse breeding.

At the same time, the priority tasks of construction science and practice are currently the tasks of energy efficiency of designed architectural objects and modernization of the architecture of energy-active buildings. This is due to a number of serious problems, the most important of which are the raw material crisis and environmental pollution. The world community is making various attempts to solve these problems, among which the use of alternative energy sources in the architecture of buildings and structures occupies a special place.

In 1996, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 440 “On the concept of the transition of the Russian Federation to sustainable development” was approved, in accordance with which the “introduction of economic activity within the limits of ecosystem capacity based on the mass introduction of energy and resource-saving technologies” is determined. In this regard, the use of alternative energy in our country is of particular importance, which is reflected in the supplement of 08.09.2017 Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation N 87 "On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content" paragraph g (1) "Information on use renewable energy and secondary energy resources. " The work also of the main tasks stipulated by the Federal Law of November 23 is aimed at implementing the Energy Strategy of Russia for the period until 2030 2009 No. 261-ФЗ “On energy conservation and energy efficiency and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation”.

The invention is known "Desalination complex" [5], in which solar collectors are used in the operation of the desalination complex.

Known inventions are “A device for growing plants” [6] and “Forester's House” [7], in which solar collectors and wind generators are used in the operation of autonomous buildings of a forester’s house and industrial greenhouses.

The invention of the “Mobile Solar Home” [8] proposes solutions for creating an object with a comfortable living environment, providing an environmentally friendly energy supply environment for the building, increasing energy efficiency, which are achieved by using solar panels and solar collectors.

When analyzing the design experience of energy-active buildings, it was determined that many inventions address issues related to the placement, integration of alternative energy installations in the architectural environment, their combination with building envelope structures. But it should be noted that most of them are associated with energy-efficient residential and public buildings, practically without affecting the specifics of the design of buildings and structures of horse breeding complexes.

A large number of companies in Russia and abroad are engaged in the development and installation of alternative energy, for the installation of which they issue special requirements and recommendations. However, the issue of the effectiveness and affordability of the use of this equipment has not yet been fully resolved.

The novelty of the invention is due to new architectural techniques for the integration of alternative energy facilities in horse breeding complexes, taking into account the typological features of agricultural production buildings, which are able to ensure maximum plant productivity, energy conservation, economic affordability and universality of design solutions for both new construction and reconstruction of existing ones buildings. Moreover, the proposed techniques demonstrate a new interpretation of traditional Russian architecture and its reflection in the artistic image of the building, taking into account technological progress and the use of the latest engineering systems.

In the present invention, a new type of industrial high-tech energy-efficient building is developed, which differs in its functional purpose - a horse breeding complex with integrated alternative alternative energy facilities, which (Fig. 1) includes such basic elements as the building of stable 1, open areas, parade ground 2, and elements of landscaping and tree and shrub plantings in territory 3. In the case of placing the enterprise near water bodies 4, where they can most effectively operate wind power plants are being installed, local treatment facilities are provided for in the water protection zone 5.

As a basis for development, the building was used as a standard stable with one central aisle, on the ground floor of which there are the following premises (Figure 2): horse stalls 6, shower stall, horse cleaning area 7, aisle 8, fodder 9, litter room 10 , Amunichnik 11, technical room for placing engineering equipment 12, vestibules and stairwells on the newly constructed second floor 13. To integrate alternative energy facilities, an additional roof is built over the building, as a result why additional rooms of the second (attic) floor are formed, which can be used to accommodate visitors to the complex and office buildings (figure 3): corridor and hall of office premises 14, showers and locker rooms 15, service bathroom 16, restroom, administrative office premises 17, a room for visitors 18, stands 19, bathrooms for visitors 20, a balcony 21, a vestibule, a stairwell 22.

As an additional source of energy, integration into the structure of a complex of alternative energy facilities — solar collectors, solar photovoltaic cells and wind power installations — using renewable and inexhaustible energy sources is proposed.

Due to the peculiarities of the climatic conditions of central Russia, characterized by a pronounced seasonality, with cold and long winters and hot summers, the absence of pronounced constantly operating natural processes (strong winds, the sun, high-temperature geothermal sources), combined objects of alternative energy are used in the invention , selected taking into account the energy potential of the medium. Based on the data obtained, in connection with good development and almost universal availability in the middle part of Russia, as well as the ability to provide the enterprise with various types of energy - heating, electricity, hot water, water pumps for lifting water, drying hay - it is proposed to use the following types alternative energy facilities integrated into the stable building (figures 4, 5, 6): wind generators - Savonius 23 rotor, efficiently operating at low wind speeds (1-3 m / s), rotor D rye 24, efficiently operating at medium and high wind speeds (5-15 m / s) and solar energy facilities - polycrystalline photovoltaic cells 25 and amorphous silicon photovoltaic cells 26 used to generate electricity, as well as tubular vacuum solar collectors 27, which serve for heating and hot water supply. Thus, a lower level of solar energy in the winter is offset by a higher wind speed.

Due to the low intensity and high dispersion of alternative energy (wind and sun) in a space with a density of less than 300 W / m ² [1], small individual plants have low power and large losses in the transmission of energy through energy networks, limiting their length. The maximum cable length from the energy source to the consumer with a voltage drop of less than 2% for 12 V systems is –15 m for currents up to 16 A, 250 m for currents up to 1 A) [3]. In this regard, the invention proposed the integration of alternative energy facilities in the structure of the stable building, which will allow energy to be obtained from the maximum area of the site, including the built-up area. Reducing the length of utilities will significantly reduce the cost of building and operating engineering networks that connect multiple installations with consumer buildings, as well as reduce losses in the transmission of generated energy, which increase significantly as the length increases. At the same time, the use of new elements in the architecture of buildings can become a means of forming a new high-tech image of modern buildings.

For low-rise industrial buildings located in rural areas and for horse breeding complexes in particular, the roof makes up a significant share of the total area of the building envelope and, being at the maximum height from the ground surface, is protected from extraneous negative influences, and as a result, it becomes the main building structure element for integration of alternative energy facilities.

The invention proposes a combination of integrated solar power plants 31 and wind power plants 32 with an additional pitched roof 33, the design of which is arranged over the entire height of the building and can be erected both when designing new and reconstructing existing production buildings 34, while maintaining standard unified space-planning solutions (figure 7). Moreover, the construction of the building for servicing the installations provides a balcony for servicing the objects of solar energy 28 and a running bridge on the roof for servicing wind generators 29 (figure 8). Engineering equipment and batteries 30 are placed in a free attic space.

Thus, the device and shaping of coating structures with integrated alternative energy facilities can increase the efficiency of using renewable energy sources at enterprises. A single inclined plane of the roof 33, allows you to arrange a large area of solar energy installations 31 at an optimal angle to the sun (35 ° -40 ° for the Moscow region), providing a direct maximum level of insolation of their surface (figure 9).

The inclined roof structure 33 also allows you to direct and concentrate wind flows into the area of wind power plants 32, increasing energy production, and allowing the operation of wind generators even in light winds (figure 10). The slope of the roof should be directed towards the prevailing wind direction, determined by the wind rose of the construction site.

The stable presented in the invention is located on the shore of the reservoir and effectively uses the southern air currents moving from open space, which makes it possible to combine the roof plane for using solar power plants and wind generators. The latitudinal orientation of the building’s building and the roof slope with integrated solar photovoltaic elements and solar collectors, equal to 35–40 °, adopted in the project, allows to obtain the maximum level of solar radiation for the accepted conditions of the middle strip of Russia - 1173.7 kW * h / m ² * year, and a single surface - to place a large area of solar energy facilities. The surface occupied by solar photovoltaic cells made of polycrystalline silicon, an area of 300 m ² allows you to generate from 20 kW * h to 163 kW * h per day and up to 53 MW * h of electricity per year. The project uses two types of wind turbines - the Savonius type, located along the roof ridge, capable of operating at low wind speeds (1-3 m / s), and two Darier rotors, which work more efficiently at wind speeds of 3-7 m / s. The productivity of such a system for the year will be about 3 MW * h with an average wind speed of 3 m / s.

For the most efficient operation of wind power plants in light winds in central Russia, the use of stronger local air flows is necessary, as well as measures to strengthen them and direct them to the installation area. To accommodate the projected horse breeding complex, a place was chosen near the reservoir, where regular local breeze winds are present (Figure 11). If the complex is located within the water protection zone, it is necessary to take measures to eliminate pollution of the soil and the coastal strip and arrange organized surface runoff to local treatment facilities.

Alleys 2 along the coastline help protect open areas from strong winds and concentrate air flow at the installation site of wind turbines 32, located either separately or at stable 1 in the landing site (Figure 12). The open areas of the countryside, separated by forest shelter belts, are also well suited to accommodate wind power plants. To protect open areas and the parade ground 2 from the wind, the building of the stable 1 with integrated objects of wind energy 32 should be placed on the windward side (figure 13). At the same time, the depth of the protected area is ten times the height of building N.

The proposed device involves the use of a modular system for building wind turbines - 7 blocks of 4 turbines, as well as the use of several sizes of solar panels and collectors. The modular integration of alternative energy facilities allows fulfilling the requirements of economic affordability and investment attractiveness of alternative energy facilities by gradually increasing capacity, simplifying modernization and repair of the energy system, thanks to the phased replacement of its individual blocks (modules). A phased increase in the capacity of the system will make it possible in practice to analyze and gradually select various alternative energy sources that are most optimally complementing each other and, ultimately, provide the region with renewable energy sources as much as possible. The use of several independent energy modules increases reliability, and also ensures compliance with the principle of combining alternative energy facilities by combining units of various types based on modular size coordination in construction. Reducing the structural dimensions of the plants reduces the influence of negative factors, which makes it possible to combine them with architectural structures. The possibility of phased addition and combination of various modules should be taken into account in the architecture of the designed buildings of the horse breeding complex and can serve as the basis for creating an expressive architectural appearance, by increasing the variability of architectural solutions and combining the modules into a single composition.

Today, the use of alternative energy facilities in architecture has become one of the main directions of design and has determined the constructive, engineering, architectural and artistic solutions of modern industrial buildings located in rural areas, where the use of renewable sources of solar and wind energy, which practically have no harmful effect, is especially in demand. environment friendly and easy to use.

The modularity and simplicity of design solutions makes it possible to reduce the initial investment and create an energy-balanced system. The artistic solutions of the horse breeding complex proposed in the project develop the architectural traditions of our country, revealing them in the new context of using alternative energy sources.

The use of selected alternative energy facilities in horse breeding complexes provides several advantages:

- production of better feed (1 ton of hay contains 70 feed units more than under normal conditions);

- Compensation of 60-90% of energy requirements for heating water;

- heating of buildings and power supply, it excludes the use of cold water during interruptions in the supply of electricity [2];

- surplus energy can be used to power neighboring buildings of the complex, as well as to recharge the batteries of agricultural machinery.

The present invention proposes architectural techniques for integrating selected devices into the structure of the stable building, which will allow to receive energy from the maximum area of the complex, including the built-up area;

By reducing the length of utilities, the cost of building and operating engineering networks that connect multiple installations with consumer buildings is significantly reduced, as well as the breakdown of communications and transmission losses of generated energy, which increase significantly as the length increases and the specific power decreases power networks.

Using the architecture and shaping of the stable building will allow not only to optimally place the selected installations, but also to strengthen and optimize the degree of natural impact on them.

Integration of alternative energy facilities into the structure of the stable building using an additional pitched roof built on top of the main building makes it possible to more efficiently use renewable energy sources in the natural conditions of central Russia, and it is easy to upgrade existing buildings of stables and livestock complexes as a whole. The number and type of used alternative energy facilities can be changed based on the specific needs of the enterprise.

The adopted design solutions allow the use of plants with an efficiency of up to 80%, producing up to 120 kW * h / m ^{2 of} batteries per year, up to 960 kW * h / m ² for solar collectors and up to 12 kW * h / m ² for wind power plants. At the same time, the use of new elements in architecture can become a means of forming a new high-tech image of modern buildings.

With a total cost of equipment of about 9 million rubles (based on the Independence kit of Autonomous Lighting Systems LLC) and an average cost of electricity of 3.5 rubles / kWh, the payback period of the system will be about 15 years with an average inflation rate of 10%. The capacity of the installed 10 vacuum solar collectors that work well at low temperatures is about 32 MWh per year. With a total cost of equipment of about 4 million rubles (based on a Pipebox set of 30 tubes) and an average cost of thermal energy of 3.5 rubles / kWh, the payback period of the system will be about 15 years with an average inflation rate of 10%.

The data presented reflect the maximum possible system performance and significantly exceed the needs of the designed basic horse breeding complex in the summer. Surplus energy can be used to power additional and special buildings and structures involved in the production activities of the enterprise or used to charge electric vehicle batteries, and. s. technicians.

Thus, the proposed invention offers the integration of alternative energy facilities into the structure of the stable building using an additional pitched roof built on top of the main building, allows more efficient use of renewable energy sources in the natural environment of central Russia, and it is easy to upgrade existing buildings of stables and livestock complexes as a whole. In light winds, the concentration of air currents in the area of wind power plants using the roof surface significantly increases their productivity. A single optimally oriented coating surface with integrated solar photovoltaic cells and collectors allows for maximum energy production.

The modularity and simplicity of design solutions makes it possible to reduce the initial investment and create an energy-balanced system. The artistic solutions of the horse breeding complex proposed in the project develop the architectural traditions of our country, revealing them in the new context of using alternative energy sources.

Used sources:

1. Ryabov A.V. Alternative energy facilities in the architecture of buildings. -M.: Analyst, 2012.

2. “Recommendations on the use of non-traditional sources of energy in animal husbandry, fodder production, peasant farms and the rural residential sector” - FGNU SPC Giproniselkhoz, M., 2003.

3. Chetoshnikova L. M. Non-traditional renewable energy sources: a training manual for practical classes / L.M. Chetoshnikova. - Chelyabinsk: Publishing house of SUSU, 2010.

4. RD-APK 1.10.04.03-13 “Methodological recommendations for the design of horse breeding enterprises” - Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, M :, 2000.

5. RF patent No. 2395459 dated 07/27/2010.

6. RF patent No. 2530516 dated 08/14/2014.

7. RF patent No. 2506374 of 02/10/2014.

8. RF patent No. 2460863 of 09/10/2012.

Claims (2)

1. A horse breeding complex intended for keeping horses, which includes open areas and a stable building, characterized by a built-in pitched roof structure made in the form of a single plane with alternative energy objects integrated into it when the slope plane is oriented south with an angle of 35 ° to horizon in the middle zone of Russia, while ensuring the maximum insulated area for the placement of solar photovoltaic cells and solar collectors integrated into the cons the building’s building, and when the slope is located in the direction of the prevailing wind direction, air flows are directed and concentrated in the area of wind power plants located at the highest point along the roof ridge, while the orientation of the plane to the south allows the simultaneous operation of solar photovoltaic cells, solar collectors and wind power plants using the energy of the sun and the southerly winds. 2. The horse breeding complex according to claim 1, using alternative energy facilities for energy supply, characterized by a modular structure of the installation system that allows you to combine different types of solar photovoltaic cells in the building - polycrystalline photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic cells made of amorphous silicon, wind power plants - Savonius rotor, Darier rotor as well as tubular vacuum solar collectors.

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