RU2717979C1 - Soya growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: method consists in pre-sowing treatment of seeds, in sowing, in foliar top dressing. Presowing treatment is carried out by way of seeds soaking on the day of sowing for 15–20 minutes in an aqueous solution of "Floravit^®" preparation in concentration of 1.4·10^-4 g/ml, followed by application of seeds of rizotorfin powder with rate of 3–5 g of powder per 1 kg of seeds, and foliar dressing of vegetative plants is carried out in a phase of budding – beginning of flowering with an aqueous solution of preparation "Floravit^®" in concentration 0.5–0.6 % at consumption of tank mix is equal to 250–300 l/ha.

EFFECT: use of the invention provides higher yield of soy.

1 cl, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to crop production.

Soy, like other plants of the Fabaceae family, is able to absorb atmospheric nitrogen due to symbiosis with nodule bacteria of the genus Rhizobium. Nitrogen fixation contributes to the conservation and more economical use of energy resources. It is provided biologically through the use of plant photosynthesis products, which are created due to the energy of the sun, as an energy source. In addition, biological nitrogen, unlike mineral, is ecologically safe (Debely G.A. Legumes in the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. Moscow, Nemchinovka: NIISH TsRNZ, 2009. 260 p.).

An important role for the formation of nodules and their normal functioning is played by seed treatment (inoculation) before sowing. The use of rhizotorfin for inoculation of soybean seeds before sowing is known. Inoculation of seeds is carried out by the inlaid method, adding a film-forming substance (adhesive) and plant growth stimulators to the inoculant (rizotorfin). The use of such a complex of drugs allows 1.5 times to increase the effectiveness of symbiosis in comparison with the use of rhizotorfin alone in a semi-moist way (Promising resource-saving technology for soybean production // Methodical recommendations. M.: FSINU Rosinformagroteh, 2008. P. 17-18).

A known method of inoculation of soybean plants with rhizotorfin, including the introduction of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the aisle of the cultivated culture. In this case, inoculation is carried out 13-16 days after sowing, after which the row spacing is carried out. Inoculation of soybean with rhizotorfin at the indicated time increases the formation of nodules and, as a result, increases the nitrogen content in the soil (Patent RU No. 2110905, IPC A 01 C 1/00, 1998).

The disadvantage of this method is the introduction of risorfin in the aisle, since this drug should be used exclusively in the absence of direct sunlight, which in the field is quite problematic.

There is a method of increasing oil content of soybean seeds, which consists in pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with an aqueous solution of Melafen growth regulator. The use of Melafen in a concentration of 1 · 10 ^–4 –1 · 10 ^–9 g / l leads to an increase in seed germination and germination energy, yield and oil content in the seeds of the crop (Patent RU No. 2390984, IPC A 01 C 1/00, 2010 .).

The disadvantage of this method is the reduction in yield due to the deterioration of symbiotic nitrogen fixation due to the lack of additional treatment of soybean seeds with rhizotorfin.

A known method, including hydration, languishing and separation of soybean seeds. Humidification is carried out by soaking in water for 2-30 minutes, languishing for at least 10 minutes. before the end of seed swelling. The separation is carried out in saline, followed by drying. The method allows to improve the quality of the seed by separating the damaged, puny, and also unripe soybean seeds (Patent RU No. 2132120, MPKA 01 S 1/00, 1999). However, this method is quite traumatic for seeds, since during soaking and subsequent languishing, the integrity of the seed coat will be compromised, which will subsequently lead to injury to the seeds during sowing.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed method is, adopted as a prototype, a method of cultivating soybeans using multicomponent fertilizer "Bioplant Flora", which consists in pre-sowing seed treatment, sowing, foliar top dressing. Presowing seed treatment is carried out with rhizotorfin mixed with Bioplant Flora multicomponent fertilizer at a dose of 1 l / t and foliar fertilizing of plants, which are carried out with Bioplant Flora multicomponent fertilizer in phases of 4–5 leaves and the end of bean formation at a dose of 0.25–1 L / ha (Patent RU No. 2482659, IPCA 01 G 1/00, A 01 C 1/00, A 01 N 63/00, C 05 G 1/00, C 05 F 11 / 08,2013).

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of seed treatment, since the seed coat of soybean is quite solid and the short-term application of the solution does not allow multicomponent fertilizer to fully affect the physiological processes occurring in the seeds, which affects the seedlings. In addition, foliar top dressing is carried out twice during the growing season, which is not economically feasible, since the costs of performing this agrotechnical measure do not pay off by increasing yields.

As a result of the analysis of well-known technical solutions, it was revealed that a technical problem in this area is the need to expand the arsenal of means for presowing seed treatment, providing increased yield.

An object of the invention is to increase soybean productivity by increasing field germination, stimulating symbiotic activity, ensuring plant resistance to adverse weather conditions.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of growing soybeans, which consists in pre-sowing seed treatment, sowing, foliar dressing, according to the invention, pre-sowing treatment is carried out by soaking the seeds on the day of sowing for 15-20 minutes in an aqueous solution of the drug "Floravit ^® »in a concentration of 1.4 x 10 ^-4 g / ml, and then applied to seeds rizotorfina powder with a flow rate of 3-5 grams per 1 kg of seed and foliar feeding of growing plants is carried out in the budding phase - in the beginning of flowering dnym solution "Floravit ^®» preparation in a concentration of 0.5-0.6% at a flow rate of a tank mixture of 250-300 l / ha.

A method of growing soybeans is that the seeds on the day of sowing are soaked for 15–20 minutes in an aqueous solution of the drug “Floravit ^® ” at a concentration of 1.4 · 10 ^–4 g / ml, after which they are removed from the solution and immediately applied powder risotorfin with a consumption rate of 3-5 grams of powder per 1 kg of seeds. The operations are carried out indoors, since it is necessary to exclude the direct sunlight on the treated seeds. Then sowing is carried out. Re-treatment of soybean with an aqueous solution of Floravit ^{® is} carried out in the budding phase - the beginning of flowering as foliar feeding of vegetative plants at a concentration of 0.5–0.6% at a flow rate of 250–300 l / ha of tank mixture.

Feed additive “Floravit ^® ” (TU 9296–001–16968333, registration number PVR – 2–4.1 / 02705 dated 04/27/2011, manufacturer Gella-Pharma LLC, Moscow) is a complex of biologically active substances, produced by which is the fungus Fusarium sambusinumfuckel F – 3051D. The supplement is obtained from the Floravit E dietary supplement (aqueous solution) by additional pasteurization and the addition of a sodium benzoate preservative. “Floravit E” contains organic acids (0.1–0.2%), polysaccharides (0.4–0.5%), sodium benzoate (0.1%) and water (up to 100%).

Rizotorfin (manufacturer: ECOS enterprise, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution) is an inoculant based on nodule bacteria, designed for presowing treatment of legume seeds. The basis of the drug is nodule bacteria, which are able to enter into symbiosis with a legume plant. As a result, nodules form on the roots that fix molecular nitrogen from the air and translate it into a form accessible to plants. For each type of leguminous plants, specific strains of nodule bacteria specific to them and the most effective are used.

Examples of specific performance of the method.

In the experiments, kasatka soybean seeds were used. The experimental design included: 1) control - without treatment; 2) treatment of dry seeds with Floravit ^® at a concentration of 1.4 · 10 ^–4 g / ml and a flow rate of 1 liter of solution per 1 kg of seeds, followed by application of rhizotorfin with a flow rate of 3-5 g of powder per 1 kg of seeds; 3) soaking seeds in an aqueous solution of Floravit ^® for 15–20 minutes at a concentration of 1.4 · 10 ^–4 g / ml and a flow rate of 1 liter of solution per 1 kg of seeds, followed by application of rhizotorfin with a consumption rate of 3-5 g powder per 1 kg of seeds.

The soil of the experimental plot is sod-podzolic, light loamy. The thickness of the arable horizon is 22–25 cm, the humus content (according to Tyurin) is 2.5%, and the pH of the salt extract is 5.6–5.8. In the arable horizon, 165–170 mg of P ₂ O ₅ (according to Kirsanov) and 90–95 mg of K ₂ O (according to Maslova) per 1 kg of soil were contained.

Examples of the method disclose the essence of the invention.

Experience 1 . The influence of various types of pre-sowing seed treatment on the germination energy, germination and morphometric parameters of soybean seedlings was studied.

Table 1. Germination energy, germination and morphometric indicators of soybean seedlings.

Option Energy,
% Laboratory inoculation,
% Field vkho-tin 7 days 10 days root length seedling length root length sprout length mm % of to. mm % of to. mm % of to. mm % of to. Control
(no processing) 68 87 78 23 100 56 100 29th 100 75 100 Dry seed treatment with Floravit ^® (concentration - 1.4 · 10 ^–4 g / ml;
consumption - 1 l / kg) + risotorfin (consumption - 3-5 g / kg) 72 90 82 25 109 57 102 31 107 79 105 Soaking seeds in an aqueous solution of the drug "Floravit ^® " (concentration - 1.4 · 10 ^–4 g / ml;
consumption - 1 l / kg) + risotorfin (consumption - 3-5 g / kg) 82 95 89 29th 126 65 116 38 131 91 121

The germination energy, laboratory and field germination of plants increases after soaking in the Floravit ^® preparation followed by treatment with risotorfin compared with the control by 14%, 8% and 11%, respectively, and by 4%, compared to the treatment of dry seeds, 3 % and 4%. The length of the roots and seedlings after soaking in the “Floravit ^® ” preparation followed by treatment with rhizotorfin differed from the control upward by 26% and 16%, respectively, on the 7th day, and by 31% and 21% on the 10th day. The data obtained indicate that the soaking of soybean seeds in an aqueous solution of the drug "Floravit ^® " (concentration - 1.4 · ^10-4 g / ml; flow rate - 1 l / kg), followed by treatment with rhizotorfin (flow rate - 3-5 g / kg ) has a stimulating effect in the initial stages of plant development, contributes to the emergence of fast and friendly seedlings.

Experiment 2. The field part of the experiments consisted of an additional single treatment of vegetative soybean plants with the Floravit ^® preparation, which was carried out during the budding phase — the beginning of flowering; for this, an aqueous solution of a protective stimulating substance was used at a concentration of 0.5–0.6% at a flow rate tank mix 250-300 l / ha. Variants of experience were identical to the first.

Table 2. Elements of the structure of the crop and productivity.

Option Plant height, cm The height of the fastening of the lower bean, cm The number of beans, pcs / rast. The number of seeds, pcs / rast. Seed weight
g / rast. The mass of 1000 seeds, g Seed
productivity,
g / m ² Control
(no processing) 35 eight eight 16 2.7 169 173 Dry seed treatment with Floravit ^® (concentration - 1.4 · 10 ^–4 g / ml;
consumption - 1 l / kg) + risotorfin (consumption - 3-5 g / kg) 44 nine eleven 20 3.4 171 210 Soaking seeds in an aqueous solution of the drug "Floravit ^® " (concentration - 1.4 · 10 ^–4 g / ml;
consumption - 1 l / kg) + risotorfin (consumption - 3-5 g / kg) 46 nine 16 28 4,5 206 285 NDS ₀₅ 3 0.7 1,2 1.8 0.5 eight 18

In the variant with pre-sowing seed soaking in an aqueous solution of the Floravit ^® preparation followed by treatment with rhizotorfin and foliar top dressing with the Floravit ^® preparation, the number of beans on the plant increased by 45% compared to the variant with the treatment of dry seeds and doubled in relation to control. The mass of 1000 seeds increased by 20% and 22%, seed productivity increased by 36% and 65%, respectively.

Experience 3 . Since rhizotorfin treatment is interconnected with the activity of the symbiotic apparatus, nodule formation on the roots of soybean plants was recorded.

Table 3. The number and weight of nodules formed on soybean crops.

Option The number of nodules, pcs / m ² % to control The mass of nodules, g / m ² % to control Control
(no processing) 535 100 24.8 100 Dry seed treatment with Floravit ^® (concentration - 1.4 · 10 ^–4 g / ml;
consumption - 1 l / kg) + risotorfin (consumption - 3-5 g / kg) 587 110 26.9 108 Soaking seeds in an aqueous solution of the drug "Floravit ^® " (concentration - 1.4 · 10 ^–4 g / ml;
consumption - 1 l / kg) + risotorfin (consumption - 3-5 g / kg) 720 135 32.6 131 NDS ₀₅ 38 - 1,6 -

As a result of the experiment, an increase in the number and weight of nodules was revealed in the variant with pre-sowing seed soaking in an aqueous solution of Floravit ^® (concentration - 1.4 · 10 ^–4 g / ml; flow rate - 1 l / kg), followed by treatment with rhizotorfin ( consumption - 3-5 g / kg) and foliar dressing with Floravit ^® , the increase in the number of nodules was 23% compared to the variant with dry seed treatment and 35% relative to the control, the mass of nodules was 21% and 31%, respectively.

The results obtained indicate the high efficiency of the proposed method for growing soy. Using the method will increase productivity by increasing field germination, stimulating symbiotic activity, ensuring plant resistance to adverse weather conditions.

Claims (1)

The method of growing soybeans, which consists in the fact that they carry out pre-sowing treatment of seeds, sowing, foliar top dressing, characterized in that the pre-sowing treatment is carried out by soaking the seeds on the day of sowing for 15-20 minutes in an aqueous solution of the drug "Floravit ^® " in a concentration of 1, 4 x 10 ^-4 g / ml, after which the powder is applied to the seed rizotorfinas flow rate of 3-5 grams per 1 kg of seed and foliar feeding of growing plants is carried out in the budding phase - start "Floravit ^®» aqueous preparation at the end of flowering tration 0.5-0.6% at a flow rate of a tank mixture of 250-300 l / ha.