RU2716880C1 - High-voltage commutator of remote electric weapon - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics; electricity.SUBSTANCE: high-voltage commutator of remote-contact electric shock weapon comprises high-voltage generator of electric current, fixed and movable contacts, current-conducting spiral tension spring, or flexible toothed open belt or chain. Contacts are installed in tubular insulating guides. Movable contacts are moved by electric drive of alternating rotation.EFFECT: technical result is creation of high-voltage switch for switching of damaging voltage of electric current of remote-contact electric-shock weapon for immobilisation of several targets simultaneously.10 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to high-voltage electric current switches, mainly for switching the damaging voltage of an electric current in a non-lethal remote stun gun (DESHO).

The prior art.

At present, low-current (for currents of milliamps or tens of milliamps) high-voltage switches are usually made of an electromechanical type based on high-voltage vacuum reed switches, for example, of the type Ksk-1 A83 (Standex Electronics, USA). At the same time, the length of the device is 53.4 mm, and the switching voltage is only up to 7.5 kV.

The MKA-52141 vacuum reed switch (Russia) has a length of 53.5 mm, and the switching voltage is only up to 10 kV, the permissible switching current at a voltage of 10 kV to 3 mA is short-term or only 1 mA long-term. Reed relay RGK55 has a maximum switching voltage of only 5 kV. Vacuum reed switch HE24-1A83-02 (Standex-Meder Electronics, USA) has a maximum switching voltage of only 7.5 kV with dimensions of 65 × 14.5 × 15.5 at a cost of 3200 rubles.

A high-voltage vacuum reed switch consists of a vacuum flask in which movable contacts made of magnetic material are soldered into glass. An electromagnetic control coil is mounted on top of the flask with contacts. When a direct current voltage is applied to the control coil, the magnetic field induced in it exerts an influence on the contacts made of magnetic material, causing them to close. When the electromagnetic current of the electromagnetic coil is interrupted, the contacts open. The disadvantages of these devices are the large overall dimensions, high cost and insufficient for switching the damaging voltage of the electric current in DESHO switched voltage and current.

Medium-current high-voltage switches for currents from units to tens of amperes are usually made in the form of solid-state high-voltage controlled assemblies, for example, type HVS-20-10, a switched voltage of 20 kV, a switched current of up to 10 A. at a minimum cost of 50,000 rubles / pc.

The disadvantages of the device are the bulkiness and heavy weight of the structure, high cost and insufficient switching voltage that do not allow the use of the switch in DESO.

High-voltage gas-filled switches (controlled arrester, thyratrons, trigatrons, etc.) also cannot be used in DESHO due to extremely large overall dimensions and weight.

It is known DESHO Taser X2 [1] (made in the USA) made in the form of a gun consisting of a housing in which the electronic part of the striking voltage of the electric current is located consisting of an inverter that converts a low voltage (6-12 V) battery or accumulator to an increased voltage of 2-3 kV and two high-voltage nodes converting voltage of 2-3 kV into a high-voltage damaging voltage of an electric current of 50 kV. Each high-voltage unit consists of a set of capacitors, gas dischargers and a high-voltage pulse transformer. DESHO Taser X2 has two firing cartridges by means of which a high-voltage damaging voltage of an electric current generated by high-voltage units and supplied to the contact electrodes of DESO (electrodes for directly contacting the target by pressing the firing cartridges against the target’s body without firing) on the conductors fired from the cartridges with devices for holding them on the target (probes with needles with barbs) are transmitted to the target. At the same time, a law enforcement officer can hit (immobilize) two targets in series with electrical conductors (for example, two attacking offenders) and hold both targets simultaneously in a state immobilized by a damaging electric current. This is achieved by the fact that the damaging voltage of the electric current is transmitted to two targets from each high-voltage node that do not work simultaneously, but sequentially, that is, packets of damaging pulses from one or another high-voltage node working in series arrive at each target. The simultaneous operation of two high-voltage nodes is not provided due to the impossibility in the dimensions of the DESHO in the form of a pistol to provide the electric power necessary for effective physiological impact from both high-voltage nodes. For the operation of each high-voltage unit, the inverter must supply a voltage of 2-3 kV to each of them in turn. The voltage from the inverter is supplied sequentially to the high-voltage nodes by two solid-state switches (high-voltage IGBT transistors). In fact, DESHO Taser X2 has two generators operating independently of each other of a high-voltage damaging voltage of an electric current with a single over-voltage inverter.

The disadvantages of this TESA are that the electronic components that make up the high-voltage components have a very high cost (gas dischargers and capacitors), but especially high-voltage pulse transformers that must be ultra-small, which, when used with a weapon with an electric means of destruction, affects the voltage of the damaging electric current in (40 -80 kV) is a difficult technical task for the manufacture of such transformers in terms of creating reliable internal insulation of windings for under electrical breakdowns between the turns of the secondary winding and inter-winding breakdowns. A high-voltage pulse microtransformer providing the required distance of spark breakdown through the air up to 40 mm for reliable electric shock to the target is the most expensive part of any electroshock weapon. For the execution of the TESA under consideration, it is necessary to have two identical sets of expensive electronic components since in the TESA under consideration the switching is performed not according to the high-voltage voltage of the damaging electric current, but by the maximum voltage of 2-3 kV, which makes it necessary to use duplicated high-voltage units.

In Russia, capacitors and gas dischargers in the dimensions necessary for the production of modern stun guns are not produced, just like IGBT transistors are required for the reproduction of the circuit under consideration. Also in Russia there are no technologies for the production of micro-high-voltage pulse transformers in dimensions produced in the USA.

Taser Int. (currently renamed to Axon) was previously produced by the Taser X3 DESO model [3] for three firing cartridges. The principle of simultaneous destruction of three targets does not differ from the one described above, but is achieved by the use of three duplicated high-voltage nodes, which further increases the cost of DESHO and, in addition, increases its dimensions to unacceptable for comfortable wearing in a holster on the body by law enforcement officers. Currently, the release of the Taser X3 model is discontinued because, on the basis of experience with the use of US law enforcement agencies, law enforcement officials and the US Department of Justice believe that in police practice there are enough double-charged TESW models to immobilize two targets at the same time. At present, in Russia there are no DESHO models with the function of immobilization (retention in a state of paralysis) by the electric current of several targets at the same time as in TESO Taser X2 models. Patents of Taser Int. (currently renamed to Axon), even when replacing American electronic components with Chinese, they do not allow copying the considered circuit in Russian DESHO with the prospect of exporting to developed and developing countries of the world. In addition, in Russian DESHO produced for law enforcement and law enforcement agencies (army, Ministry of Internal Affairs, FSB, FSO, etc.), legislative acts of the Russian Federation prohibit the use of electronic and other components produced abroad.

At the same time, all tenders for the supply of DESO to the power structures, without exception, held in the world (except for Russia) provide for the necessary function of immobilizing several targets at the same time due to the Taser Int. (Axon) requirements for the functionality of modern DESO.

The meaning of switching is that when a high-voltage shock voltage of an electric current is applied to all conductors shot at several targets (parallel connection of the conductors of all firing cartridges), a high-voltage shock voltage of an electric current is transmitted only to that target in which the least resistance to electric current between the probes caught in it spark discharge (less distance from the probe needles to the body). With the switching device, if the current leads of the firing cartridges hit two targets in series for two targets, both targets can be immobilized since the switched striking voltage is applied to two targets regardless of the electrical resistance on each of the shot pairs of conductors. Even with a short circuit on one pair of conductors of one target, the second target will still be immobilized, since the switching frequency is chosen such that the target does not have time to rip off the non-conductors before the new switching again immobilizes it. Compact low-current electromechanical commutators switching voltage pulses of 40-80 kV with an average current of up to tens of milliamps in overall dimensions allowing the use of such switches in a manual (constantly worn in a holster by one person) DESHO in the form of a gun from the prior art are unknown.

Disclosure of the invention.

The aim of the invention is the creation of a high-voltage switch of the electromechanical type for switching high-voltage shock currents of DESHO voltages (40-80 kV) in overall dimensions necessary for use in DESHO to immobilize several targets simultaneously in the form of a gun.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the high-voltage switch of remote stun guns with a generator of high-voltage damaging voltage of electric current contains at least two fixed contacts installed in at least two tubular non-conductive rails with at least two movable linearly moving in tubular non-conductive guides through at least one conductive spiral tensile spring or conductive flexible toothed open belt I or circuits moved by at least one magnetic or gear disk connected to at least one alternating rotation electric drive, the spring, belt or chain being an electric conductor for supplying high-voltage damaging voltage of electric current to the movable contacts. An additional feature is that the movable and fixed contacts are made of refractory metal.

An additional feature is that the movable contacts are the ends of a tension spring or flexible conductive toothed open belt or chain.

An additional feature is that the spiral tension spring is made of steel with copper or silver coating.

An additional feature is that the flexible toothed open belt or chain is made of conductive material or has a conductive coating or cord.

An additional feature is that the electric drive uses a stepper motor or steering machine.

An additional feature is that the magnetic or gear disk is connected to the electric motor via a gear transmission or transmission by a flexible shaft.

An additional feature is that the movable contacts have position sensors of a magnetic, inductive, capacitive or optical type.

An additional feature is that the high-voltage damaging voltage of the electric current is supplied to the movable contacts, depending on their position in the tubular guides.

An additional feature is that the tubular guides with fixed and movable contacts are filled with gas with high electric strength or arc suppression ability, or a mixture thereof, including under pressure.

A brief description of the drawings.

FIG. 1. The circuit of the high-voltage switch for switching two spark gaps (fixed and movable contacts in the breakdown position of the spark gap 18).

FIG. 2. High-voltage switch circuit for switching two spark gaps (fixed and movable contacts in the breakdown position of spark gap 19).

FIG. 3. High-voltage switch circuit for switching three spark gaps (fixed and movable contacts in the breakdown position of spark gap 21). FIG. 4. Photographs of the high-voltage switch (views from both sides and at the time of spark discharge rupture).

The implementation of the invention.

FIG. 1. The high-voltage switchboard consists of a non-conductive (plastic, ceramics, glass) base 1 on which non-conductive tubular guides 2 are installed at the blind ends of which fixed contacts 3 and 4 are made made primarily of refractory metal (for example tungsten), and inside the guide tubes 2 have the ability movements movable contacts 5 and 6 mainly of refractory metal. The movable contacts 5 and 6 are attached to the ends of a steel coil spring 7 (which may have a coating of copper or silver) which is a switching body and envelops a standard (purchased) ring or disk neodymium magnet 8 with a nickel coating to which the bending part of the spring 7 is attracted by magnetic forces The magnet 8 can rotate from the electric drive 9 (an electric motor with or without gear) controlled by the control unit 10. A brush contact 11 is adjacent to the magnet 8 and its brush can It can both be adjacent to the magnet for direct galvanic contact, and be separated from it with a small (tenths of a millimeter) gap. The brush contact 11 is connected by a high-voltage cable to one output high-voltage output of the generator 12 of the high-voltage damaging voltage of an electric current generating a pulse or alternating voltage of 40-80 kV, and the other output high-voltage output of the generator 12 is connected to the common contact electrodes 13 of the DESO (which are also common electrodes of the firing cartridges 14 and 15 DESHO). At the distance of the spark breakdown through the air of the high-voltage potential of the generator 12 from the common electrodes 13, contact electrodes 16 and 17 are located between which and the common electrodes 13 are working spark discharge gaps 18 and 19. A protective spark gap 20 is connected electrically parallel to both high-voltage terminals of the generator 12. The switch operates in the following way:

During the operation of the DESHO (with contact or remote operation), the generator 12 of the high-voltage damaging voltage of the electric current included in the DESHO generates a high voltage of the electric current which through its one output is supplied to the brush contact 11, and through the other output to the common contact electrodes 13.

A flexible spring 7 attracted to a magnet 8 driven in alternating rotation by an electric actuator 9 controlled by a control unit 10 according to an algorithm of alternating direction of rotation with a certain frequency of rotation signs changing, moves coordinated with the rotation of magnet 7 and connects the movable contacts 5 and 6 alternately with the fixed contacts 3 and 4, in such a sequence that, depending on the position inside the tubular guides 2 of the movable contacts 5 and 6 and their contact with the stationary contacts 3 and 4 (directly minutes contact or with a gap of a few tenths of a millimeter) high voltage electric current is supplied to the electrode 16 and further through a working air gap 19 on the electrode 13, the electrode 17 and further through a working air gap 18 to the electrode 13. In FIG. 1 closed fixed contact 4 and movable contact 6 for the formation of a high-voltage spark discharge in the working spark gap 18 between the electrodes 13 and 17. Moreover, if the conductors of the firing cartridge 15 at this moment are shot and fixed on the target, then the high-voltage damaging voltage of the electric current hits them on the target. . In FIG. 1; FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 direction of firing conductors indicated by the arrow.

FIG. 2. The figure shows a high-voltage switch in the closed state of contacts 3 and 5 for the formation of a high-voltage spark discharge in the working spark gap 19 between the electrodes 13 and 16. Moreover, if the conductors of the firing cartridge 14 are shot at that moment and fixed to the target, then they are aimed at them at the target high-voltage damaging voltage of electric current gets.

When operating a high-voltage switch, the generator 12 and the electric drive 9 can operate according to several execution algorithms.

The simplest operation algorithm and, accordingly, the cheapest at the cost of execution of DESHO with the proposed high-voltage switch are carried out according to the scheme shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 and in the case of shots from DESHO for two purposes, it provides continuous operation of a generator 12 which constantly generates a high-voltage damaging voltage of an electric current, and a switch with a certain switching frequency alternately connects and disconnects the movable and fixed contacts in the tubular guides by alternately supplying the high-voltage damaging voltage of the electric current to two targets with fixed conductors of fired shooting cartridges. In this design of the switch, at the moment of the position of the spring 7 in which both movable and fixed contacts are disconnected (the middle position of the movable contacts in the tubular guides), an overvoltage occurs on the generator 12, which can lead to an internal high-voltage breakdown in the generator. Therefore, the generator is protected by a protective spark gap 20 in the spark gap of which the high-voltage spark discharge of the generator 7 occurs at the moment of the complete disconnection of both movable and fixed contacts (mid-position). The simplest algorithm also uses the simplest version of the electric drive of the switch, using a collector or stepper DC motor without the use of position sensors of movable contacts 5 and 6.

A more complex algorithm already involves the use of position sensors of the movable contacts 5 and 6 or sensors of the angle of rotation of the magnet 7, or sensors of the angle of rotation of the shaft of the electric drive (for example, a standard steering machine of micro or nano-class aircraft models). In this case, the sensor (or two sensors) of the position of the movable contacts connected to the control unit 10 turns the generator 12 off at each position of the movable contacts 5 and 6 in which a high-voltage breakdown in the generator 12 can occur (simplified, again, this is the middle position of the spring 7 in tubular guides with the same distance between both pairs of open movable and fixed contacts).

The third most complex algorithm of the switch using the sensors of the position of the movable contacts provides for the installation in the closed position of only one pair of movable and fixed contacts, depending on which firing cartridge fired the conductors at the target. In this case, the continuous continuous power of the generator 12 will be supplied to the fired conductors of the first fired cartridge, while firing the conductors of the second firing cartridge into the second target, the switch can supply damaging voltage to both the first and second targets alternately, and if the DESO user only the second target by turning off the supply of high-voltage shock voltage of the electric current to the first target.

When using a collector or brushless electric motor that provides the highest possible switching speed of moving contacts (up to tens of hertz) as an electric drive, it is advisable to use the position sensors of the moving contacts to also turn off the electric motor of the electric drive when the moving contacts reach the extreme positions and turn on the motor with a smooth increase in current to prevent brush wear electric motor due to high inrush currents and self-induction currents when sharp about motor hold is reached. As the electric motor of the electric drive 9, both DC brushless motors and brushless and stepless electric motors can be used, the use of which is preferable due to the absence of brush and collector wear, or electric motors assembled with gearboxes of standard steering machines (servos). When the fixed and movable contact opens between them, a low-current frequency spark discharge occurs, since the standard frequency of the output high-voltage pulses of generators of high-voltage damaging voltage of electric current DESHO models from all countries of manufacturers DESHO (including Russia) is from 19 Hz to a maximum of 200 Hz, and the average maximum current in spark discharge no more than 1-2 mA (but the peak current in the pulse can reach several amperes). Such a medium-low current discharge practically does not cause spark (arc) erosion of contacts 3, 4 and 5, 6 even when using copper or brass electrodes and is excluded when using electrodes of refractory metals. When the spark gap between the fixed and moving contacts increases beyond the breakdown distance through the air for a given voltage (for 40-80 kV the actual breakdown distance through the air on sharp electrodes is about 20-40 mm), the spark discharge is interrupted and, accordingly, the flow of the spark discharge through the working spark gaps is interrupted 18 or 19. In fact, the maximum breakdown distance between the movable and fixed contact when they open is much less than the total distances specified above 20-40 mm, since when using SRI DESHO body between target and probe hit the target is always a distance clothing thickness which accounts for no less than 10-15 mm, and the off-season in the summer and more than 20 mm in winter. The tubular guides 2 have an inner diameter of not more than 3-6 mm and, accordingly, a very small inner surface which prevents the appearance of surface (sliding) discharges inside the tubular guide. In addition, the fast suppression of a spark discharge inside a pipe of small diameter is facilitated by the effect of reflection of pressure waves of pulses of spark discharges from the pipe walls with an increase in the internal pressure of air gases inside the pipe and, accordingly, the manifestation of the Paschen law with refinements for the length of the electric discharge in gases in pipes of different diameters Lisovsky.

Similar to the description above, the switch embodiment also works in which instead of a magnet 8 a gear disk (gear) is used connected to the electric drive 9, and instead of a spiral spring 7, a flexible gear open belt or chain is used at the ends of which are movable contacts 5 and 6 In this embodiment, the toothed belt or chain is made of conductive material or non-conductive material, but when made of non-conductive material have a conductive coating or cord with its exit to the surface of the belt or chain.

Both a magnetic and a gear disk for transmitting movement to a switching body can be connected by an electric motor through a gear transmission including bevel gears. In this case, the motor shaft can be connected to the axis of the magnet or the gear disk perpendicularly, which in some cases can reduce the dimensions of the switch. In other necessary applications, the gear can be used to increase or decrease the speed of rotation of the magnet or gear disk compared to the speed of rotation of the motor shaft and, accordingly, to increase or decrease the speed of linear movement of the movable contacts at revolutions of the existing type of motor or to increase the travel of the movable contacts with limited angle of rotation of the electric drive shaft in the form of a standard steering machine. For rational arrangement of the arrangement of the mechanical parts and electronic elements of the generator 12 in the weapon casing, the electric motor of the electric drive or the electric motor with the intermediate gear transmission can be connected to the axis of the magnet or gear disk by a flexible shaft and placed outside the base 1.

FIG. 3. A high-voltage switch can switch the supply of a high-voltage damaging voltage of electric current to three targets as well (that is, to three shooting cartridges) as well as the Taser X3 DESHO (USA).

The design of the switch for three firing cartridges without the position sensors of the movable contacts differs from the design of the switch of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 in that the spark discharge gap of the protective arrester 20 (in the figures) is transferred to the working spark gap 21 of the third firing cartridge 22 between the contact electrodes 23 and 24, while the contact electrode 23 is connected to common electrodes 13 (as described in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2), and the contact electrode 24 is connected to the high voltage terminal of the generator 12 to the brush contact 11. As described in the description of FIG. 2, when the switch is in operation, in the middle position of the moving contacts in the tubular guides, a spark discharge occurs in the spark discharge gap 20. If the function of the discharge gap 20 is transferred to the working spark gap 21 of the third firing cartridge in the middle position of the moving contacts in the tubular guides, a spark discharge is formed in the gap 21, and when firing the conductors of the third firing cartridge 22 at the target, the damaging voltage of the electric current passes into the third target. The inventive device in all the above versions does not have two or three sources of high voltage damaging voltage of electric current (high voltage nodes) as a prototype device, but only one, which reduces the cost of DESHO and due to the absence of expensive expensive components (high voltage IGBT transistors) in the design. At the same time, the dimensions of the claimed device make it possible to place it in a DESO in the form of a pistol with dimensions similar to a handgun wearable in a holster, and to produce a DESO with high-voltage discharge switching for the Russian power services.

In another design of the switch, it is possible to switch more than three cartridges, for example, in DESO in the form of hand weapons with dimensions of more than a gun (gun, rifle, etc.). In this case, the design of the switch consists of several pairs of tubular guides with several pairs of movable and fixed contacts driven by several conductive coil springs or conductive flexible gear belts or chains from one or more magnetic or gear disks, in turn driven from one or more electric drives.

In another embodiment, tubular guides with fixed and movable contacts can be filled with gas with high electric strength (for example, SF6 gas) or arc suppressing ability (for example helium), or a mixture thereof, including under pressure. It is advisable to fill with gas not just tubular guides due to the difficulty or inability to seal exits from the tubular guides of coil springs or conductive flexible toothed belts or chains, but the entire design of the switch as a whole, placing it in a sealed enclosure together with an electric drive. When filling the structure in a sealed enclosure with the indicated gases under pressure, the overall dimensions of the switch can be further reduced with a constant level of switched high-voltage electric current.

FIG. 4. The current mock-up of a high-voltage switch for 80 kV of measured spark discharge voltage in accordance with GOST R 50940-96 "Electroshock devices" [3], with electric power steering Power HD DSM44 (Micro) and an additional gear transmission (the gears are darkened in the photo).

List of cited sources:

1. https://global.axon.com/products/taser-x2;

2. Ladyagin Yu.O. "Remote electric shock weapon" M.: Publishing house of the Stalingrad Foundation, 2017, pp. 43-45.

3.http: //docs.cntd.ru/document/gost-r-50940-96

Claims (10)

1. A high-voltage switch of remote stun guns with a generator of high-voltage striking voltage of electric current, characterized in that it contains at least two fixed contacts installed in at least two tubular non-conductive rails with at least two movable linearly moving in tubular non-conductive guides through at least one conductive spiral tensile spring or conductive flexible toothed open belt or chain, moving Mykh at least one magnetic or toothed disc connected with at least one electric alternating rotation, the spring, the belt or chain are electric conductors for supplying high striking voltage electric current to the movable contacts. 2. The high-voltage switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable and fixed contacts are made of refractory metal. 3. The high-voltage switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable contacts are the ends of a tensile spring or flexible conductive toothed open belt or chain. 4. The high voltage switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the spiral tension spring is made of steel with copper or silver coating. 5. The high-voltage switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible toothed open belt or chain is made of conductive material or has a conductive coating or cord. 6. The high voltage switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric drive uses a stepper motor or a steering machine. 7. The high-voltage switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic or gear disk is connected to the electric motor through a gear transmission or transmission by a flexible shaft. 8. The high-voltage switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable contacts have position sensors of a magnetic, inductive, capacitive or optical type. 9. The high-voltage switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-voltage damaging voltage of the electric current is supplied to the movable contacts, depending on their position in the tubular guides. 10. The high-voltage switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular guides with fixed and movable contacts are filled with gas with high electric strength or arc-suppressing ability or a mixture thereof, including under pressure.

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