RU2713836C1 - Method for reinforcement of soil surface - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction, namely is intended for creation of soil-vegetation cover at recultivation of open pits, strengthening of gentle slopes of embankments and strip of diversion along motor roads and railways, improvement of dumps, as well as to recreate or strengthen the soil layer in reserves, restore disturbed organisms in the permafrost zone, device for covering athletic fields. Method of reinforcing soil surface includes operations of fastening together flexible strips arranged in several rows along length of strips, in staggered order, stretching of fastened strips to form cellular structure in direction normal to strip surface, fixing cellular structure on surface of reinforced soil, filling cells with vegetal soil. Flexible perforated strips are used, which are made from material produced from natural fibers by pressing.

EFFECT: technical result consists in reduction of material consumption, improvement of efficiency, improvement of conditions for development of root system of plants.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely, it is intended to strengthen the surface of slopes, to strengthen the surface of soils during the reclamation of quarries, to improve landfills, to recreate or strengthen the existing soil layer in reserves, reserves, national parks, to restore disturbed permafrost in the permafrost zone, coating device game or sports grounds.

A known method of strengthening the surface of the soil with sod tapes [ODM 218.2.078-2016. Guidelines for choosing the construction of reinforcing slopes of the subgrade of public roads]. Meadow sod is cut out with a turf cutter and laid in a continuous layer or in a cage. Rooted sod fixes the soil, forming a natural vegetation cover. The advantage of this method is that turf is a natural material that can be used in national parks, reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, as well as in sports and playgrounds. The slopes of the embankments, fortified with turf, have an attractive appearance.

The disadvantage of this method is a significant amount of manual labor. In addition, when removing sod, the soil surface is exposed, which may be subject to erosion before vegetation forms on it.

Closest to the claimed invention of the same purpose for the maximum number of similar features is a method of strengthening the soil surface, which includes the following operations: strengthening strips of non-woven geotextiles made from natural fibers, stitching seams, sizing strips, stitching strips installed on the ribs between each other, linear seams in a checkerboard pattern, stretching the stitched strips with the formation in the direction normal to the surface of the strips, mesh structure, fixing the mesh structure n together and strengthens the surface of the soil, filling the cells with vegetable soil, sowing seeds.

After the decomposition of strips made of natural fibers and the growth of grasses, a natural vegetation cover is formed that strengthens the soil surface and has an attractive appearance.

The specified method has the following disadvantages:

1. The sewing operations with sewn seams and sizing strips of non-woven geotextiles significantly increase the cost of the product due to significant additional labor costs and the cost of sizing. Sizing is a rather time-consuming operation. If geotextile strips are not strengthened, the bands are wrinkled and it is difficult to fill the cells with soil. The effectiveness of the sizing is doubtful. Many dressings (starch, salt, etc.) dissolve upon first wetting, the material loses its stiffness, wrinkles and ceases to hold the soil with seeds, i.e. ceases to fulfill its function.

2. Until the cell walls decompose, the roots cannot penetrate from one cell to another, which slows down the formation of turf. Sod cover is effective for strengthening the soil surface when it forms a root system developed over a large area, reinforcing the upper part of the soil mass. Perforation, providing the possibility of free growth of the root system, is not provided, possibly due to the fact that the perforation process can damage the surface of the strip strengthened by sizing and stitched seams.

The purpose of this technical solution is to reduce the cost of work and increase efficiency.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method of strengthening soils, including the operation of fastening between themselves flexible strips arranged in several rows, along the length of the strips, in a checkerboard pattern, stretching the fastened strips with the formation in the direction normal to the surface of the strips, mesh structure, fixing a cellular structure on the surface of the soil to be strengthened, filling the cells with vegetable soil, flexible strips are made of material obtained from natural fibers by pressing, and perforated. Flexible strips can be provided with an additional layer with plant seeds.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the material obtained from natural fibers by pressing, for example, cardboard (packaging corrugated) reduces the cost of production, since flashing and finishing operations are excluded, and also allows the strips (cell walls) to perform other functions: placing seeds, protecting seeds from birds in the process of germination, the creation of a seed culture medium. There is a possibility of developing the root system of plants due to perforation.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

in FIG. 1 - a cellular structure assembled by the claimed method;

in FIG. 2 - a cellular structure assembled by the claimed method, 1 year after installation;

in FIG. 3 - mesh design, assembled by the claimed method, 3 years after installation.

The method is as follows. Flexible strips 1 of a material obtained from natural fibers by pressing (for example, from corrugated cardboard), having perforations 2 and containing grass seeds, are stitched together in a checkerboard pattern using a filament stitch 3 or in another way, thus forming a honeycomb structure. On the strengthened surface 4, a leveling layer of vegetable soil 5 is arranged, a honeycomb structure 6 is installed on the leveling layer and the cells are filled with vegetable soil 7 in accordance with the accepted construction technology for the use of cellular structures [Methodical recommendations for the use of geoveb volumetric geogrid when constructing highways in permafrost areas of Western Siberia. V.D. Kazarnovsky, S.E., Grechishchev, E.S. Pshenichnikova, Yu.B. Sheshin. FSUE "Soyuzdornii", M., 2003].

Within 1-3 years after completion of the work, the root system of plants 8 develops, by the same time, the walls of the cellular structure 6 decompose, and a natural soil and plant cover remains.

The proposed method can be used to strengthen the surface of slopes and slopes, if condition (1) is met, then the cellular structure with soil is kept on the slope due to friction:

where α is the angle of repose;

ϕ is the angle of internal friction of the soil - aggregate cells.

As a rule, condition (1) is observed with a slope of 1: 1.6 and more.

The effectiveness of the method is to reduce the cost of the claimed device while improving the result: a material obtained from natural fibers by pressing, for example, cardboard (packaging corrugated) is a cheap material, the production of which is fully mechanized, indestructible under the load created by the poured soil. Flashing and sizing operations used in the prototype are excluded. Perforation in strips (cell walls) allows the root system of plants to develop freely. Placing seeds in a strip will exclude the operation of sowing herbs.

An example implementation of the method.

One of the problems in the construction and operation of roads and railways in the permafrost zone is that during the construction of the embankment, the vegetative cover on the roadside is destroyed, as a result, thawing of frozen soils and deformation of the embankment occur.

After the completion of the construction of a section of the 3rd technical category road on the Yamal Peninsula, the following works were performed to restore the vegetation cover along the embankment. From strips 20 cm wide and 0.5 cm thick, made of corrugated cardboard and containing grass seeds inside, suitable for growing in northern conditions, 4 sections of a cellular structure were assembled by stitching the strips together in a staggered manner with a sewn-in stitch. The cell size in the plan was 20 × 20 cm, the stripes were perforated. The surface of the tundra section, 40 m long and 4 m wide, was leveled and planned by the grader. The cellular structure was installed by fastening the sections together using a stapler. The cells were filled with peat mixed with sand. Over the next two years, the grasses took root and grew, by then the cardboard had decomposed. As a result, a natural vegetation cover was formed, which has a flat surface, attractive appearance and strengthened soil surface.

Peat, being a heat insulator, prevents thawing of frozen soils, due to which the position of the upper horizon of the permafrost is stabilized, thawing does not occur.

The required peat layer height, at which permafrost does not thaw, is determined on the basis of the thermophysical calculation.

Claims (2)

1. A method of strengthening the surface of soils, including the operation of fastening together flexible strips located in several rows, along the length of the strips, in a checkerboard pattern, stretching the fastened strips with the formation in the direction normal to the surface of the strips, a cellular structure, fixing the cellular structure on the surface of the reinforced soil, filling the cells with vegetable soil, characterized in that they use flexible perforated strips, which are made of material obtained from natural fibers by extruding i. 2. A method of strengthening soils according to claim 1, characterized in that flexible strips with a layer with plant seeds are used.

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