RU2710238C1 - High-piercing cartridge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to pistol cartridges intended for firing multi-shot pistols and machine-gun pistols. High penetration cartridge comprises a bullet with a shell in the form of a cup, with a steel core protruding its head part by an open end of the shell, and a jacket, a case with a primer-igniter and a powder charge. On protruding head part of core there are two symmetrical faces intersecting at front end at angle of 50–75° to form a sharp cutting edge, the length of which is (0.2–0.7) d, at that, its ogival surface between ribs of faces in its front part changes into cylindrical surface, length of which is equal to (0.2–0.6) d, core length is equal to (1.3–1.9) d, bullet length is equal to (1.9–2.0) d, where d is the bullet gauge. Bullet shirt is made from lead alloy, charging density is equal to 0.80–0.88 g/cm³.

EFFECT: technical result consists in considerable increase in penetration range.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to pistol cartridges mainly of 9 mm caliber, designed for firing from multi-shot pistols. Special units of law enforcement agencies are currently confronted by increasingly technically equipped and equipped terrorist and criminal groups. Participants in criminal groups are equipped with, among other things, modern, effective personal protective equipment.

The development of personal protective equipment of class 2 according to GOST R50744-95, designed to protect against fragments and pistol bullets, goes along the path of using body armor containing fabric armor panels based on high-strength synthetic threads. Fabric bulletproof vests are lightweight, do not constrain movements and are not detected by metal detectors.

To defeat the enemy, including those protected by body armor of the 2nd class of protection according to GOST R50744-95, the cartridge according to patent No. 2045739, which is selected as a prototype, is currently used.

The prototype cartridge is capable of penetrating bulletproof vests of protection class 2, while the penetration range of bulletproof vests with fabric armored panels is substantially less than with metal armored panels. The penetration ability of the prototype cartridge is provided, inter alia, by the use of a core of considerable length equal to (2.1-2.4) caliber. The use of a long core in the prototype cartridge leads to an increase in the length of the bullet and, as a result, for the same cartridge length, to a decrease in the volume of the charging chamber and an increase in the charge density of more than 1 g / cm ³ . At a loading density of 1 g / cm ³ or more, the use of convective combustion powder charges, having limited use in small arms cartridges, is required.

Samples of modern and promising pistols for cartridges of 9 mm caliber provide a range of actual fire significantly exceeding the range of penetration of fabric body armor with a prototype cartridge.

To ensure effective destruction of targets at ranges of actual firing, the urgent task is to increase the range of penetration by a pistol cartridge of a bulletproof vest of protection class 2, including fabric, to a range close to the range of actual firing, with the size and stability of the characteristics of powder gas pressure and flight speed acceptable for mass production bullets.

To accomplish this task, a pistol cartridge is predominantly 9 mm in size, containing a sleeve, a bullet with a shell in the form of a glass, a steel core protruding beyond the open end of the shell, the head of which has a live surface that passes in its front into a cylindrical surface with a length equal to (0 , 2-0.6) caliber, and a lead alloy jacket, a powder charge and an igniter capsule. Two symmetrical faces are made on the part of the bullet core protruding from the shell, intersecting at the front end at an angle of 50-75 degrees to form a sharp cutting edge, the length of which is (0.2-0.7) gauge, the charge density is (0.8- 0.88) g / cm ³ , the length of the bullet core is (1.3-1.9) caliber, the length of the bullet is (1.9-2.0) caliber.

These essential features - the ratio of the size and parameters of the cartridge, are interrelated and a change in any of them leads to the loss of the combat properties of the cartridge, or to an increase in its dimensions.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where are presented: in FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the cartridge, in FIG. 2 - General view of the cartridge from above.

The proposed cartridge contains a bullet 1, a shell 2 in the form of a glass, a shirt 3, a core 4 with a lively 5 and a cylindrical 6 surfaces and a cutting edge 7 at the front end, formed at the intersection of the faces 8 applied to the head of the core, protruding beyond the open end of the shell. On the lateral parts of the cutting edge, blunting and rounding can be performed (not shown in the drawing). The bullet is inserted into the sleeve 9 with the igniter capsule 10. A powder charge 11 is placed in the sleeve.

The work of the cartridge is as follows. When meeting with an obstacle, a bullet of 1 cartridge at the first stage is introduced into the fabric of the armored panel with a portion of the head formed by intersecting faces 8 and sections of the cylindrical surface 6 between these faces. In this case, the introduction occurs mainly due to the cutting of the threads of the tissue section with a sharp cutting edge 7 and only partially due to the spreading of the cut section by the surface of the inclined faces 8. In this case, the tissue does not extend along the cylindrical surface. Therefore, at the first stage, there is a high concentration of kinetic energy of the bullet on the sharp cutting edge 7, which allows you to cut the fabric into the entire thickness of the armor panel.

In the second stage of penetration of the bullet, the portion of its head formed by the inclined faces 8 and the animated surface 5 of the core 4 is embedded in the tissue by spreading it both by the inclined faces 8 and the animated surface 5. Since the tissue is extended by the part of the core that enters the penetration in the second stage If the tissue is weakened by the incision made in the first stage, then for the further passage of the bullet through the fabric armor panel, significantly less energy is required.

It was experimentally established that the kinetic energy required to break through a bulletproof vest depends on the energy of the entire bullet and on the energy of the core itself, therefore, a decrease in the kinetic energy required to break through a bulletproof vest made it possible to use a (1.3-1.9) gauge core (shorter than the prototype). Reducing the length of the core made it possible to reduce the length of the bullet to (1.9-2.0) caliber, increase the volume of the charging chamber and reduce the loading density to values that allow the use of gunpowder used in the mass production of cartridges and stably provide the necessary pressure of the powder gases and flight speed bullets. The use of a shirt 3 bullets from a lead alloy instead of polyethylene, as in the prototype, made it possible to compensate for the weight loss from shortening the core 4 and shortening the bullet.

When the edge length L _{1 is} less than 0.2 caliber, the section of body armor tissue on which penetration of the core occurs due to cutting of the fabric is significantly reduced, and the section on which the penetration of the core and bullet is due to the expansion of the tissue, which expends more energy, is reduced, which reduces bullet penetration.

When the edge length L _{1 is} more than 0.7 caliber, the conditions for sending a bullet to the chamber are worsened.

The length of the cylindrical portion of the head of the core L ₂ less than 0.2 gauge is insufficient for it to pass the entire thickness of the protective composition until the remaining parts of the head of the core and the entire bullet penetrate into it, which leads to an increase in energy loss due to the separation of the barrier, not weakened by the cut, and reducing the penetration of a bullet.

When the length of the cylindrical section L _{2 is} more than 0.6 caliber with the same length of the protruding part of the core, the angle of meeting of the living surface with the barrier increases, which increases the resistance to sliding of the fabric and reduces the breakdown ability.

An increase in the angle between intersecting faces 10 of more than 75 ° reduces the concentration of the kinetic energy of the bullet per unit area of the barrier and does not allow to cut the tissue.

With a decrease in the angle between the intersecting faces of less than 50 °, the faces extend beyond the part of the core protruding beyond the shell, which leads to the formation of a ledge or cavity at the intersection of the faces and the end of the shell, increasing the resistance to penetration of the barrier.

The length of the core L ₃ less than 1.3 caliber reduces its kinetic energy and unacceptably reduces the penetration of body armor containing metallic protective compositions.

The length of the core L ₃ more than 1.9 caliber leads to lengthening of the bullet, reducing the volume of the charging chamber and increasing the charge density of a more optimal value of 0.80-0.88 g / cm ³ .

When the loading density of more than 0.88 g / cm ³ requires the use of special convection convection burning charges, which are of limited use in small arms cartridges, there are problems with ensuring reliable ignition of the powder and obtaining stability of the characteristics of the maximum pressure and speed of the bullet.

When the loading density is less than 0.8 g / cm ³ decreases the maximum pressure of the powder gases and the speed of the bullet, which leads to a loss of penetration.

Reducing the length of the bullet L ₄ less than 1.9 caliber leads to a decrease in the length of the steel core, which reduces the penetration of bulletproof vests, especially bulletproof vests with metal protective elements.

Increasing the length of the bullet L ₄ more than 2.0 caliber decreases the volume of the charging chamber and increases the loading density, which leads to an increase in the maximum pressure of the powder gases more than acceptable.

Thus, the totality of all the indicated ratios of the values of the parameters of the cartridge provides the maximum effect of increasing the combat characteristics of the cartridge and changing the parameters of the cartridge beyond the specified limits leads to a significant deterioration in its combat characteristics or an increase in the dimensions of the cartridge.

Claims (1)

An increased penetration cartridge containing a bullet with a shell in the form of a glass, with a steel core protruding its head behind the open end of the shell, and a shirt, a sleeve with an igniter capsule and a powder charge, characterized in that two symmetrical faces are made on the protruding head of the core intersecting at the front end at an angle of 50-75 ° with the formation of a sharp cutting edge, the length of which is (0.2-0.7) d, while its animated surface between the edges of the faces in its front end becomes cylindrical a surface whose length is (0.2-0.6) d, the length of the core is (1.3-1.9) d, the length of the bullet is (1.9-2.0) d, where d is the caliber of the bullet and the bullet shirt is made of lead alloy, the loading density is 0.80-0.88 g / cm ³ .

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