RU2709257C1 - Stove - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat power engineering, namely to heating systems on solid fuel, and is intended for heating of residential and non-residential premises. Furnace includes a housing with a furnace space inside, heat-removing collectors connected to the housing, a mechanism of opening-closing of shutters for supply of air inside the air duct. On one side of the housing there is a vertical row of holes with shutters. Inside the housing there is an air duct for supply of air into the fuel combustion zone, which is made with possibility of back-and-forth movement along the vertical row of dampers. Heat-removing headers are fixed to the furnace housing from the outside.

EFFECT: improved operational characteristics of the device: room heating speed, furnace operation reliability, simplicity of operation.

8 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a power system, and in particular to solid fuel heating systems, and is intended for heating residential and non-residential premises.

From the prior art, a furnace is known comprising a housing with a furnace and a door, a casing mounted around the housing with a gap, an ash pan with a grate located under the furnace, closing the entrance to the ash pan of a scoop-dispenser for air supply, and a chimney system. Between the side walls of the casing and the casing, heat-accumulating elements are placed, a window for supplying air is made in the scoop-dispenser, and a channel for the exit of flue gases from the furnace is made in the rear of the casing, connected to a chimney system containing two inclined channels located outside the casing in the rear furnaces having in the upper parts of the valve and connected above the furnace body at an acute angle, while the lower parts of the inclined channels are connected by a U-shaped horizontal smoke channel located below the furnace body (RF patent No. 149817, 01.20.2015).

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of heating the furnace, which is due to the low heat removal area, as well as the poor quality fuel combustion process, due to the lack of the ability to supply oxygen directly to the combustion zone.

The technical problem to which the claimed invention is directed is the development of an improved furnace design for heating residential and non-residential premises, devoid of the above disadvantages.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the operational characteristics of the device, such as the heating rate of the room, the reliability of the furnace, ease of operation, which is achieved by increasing the effective heat transfer area of the furnace, strictly controlled oxygen supply to the combustion zone, and the absence of the need for frequent fuel loading as it burns out, respectively.

The specified technical result is achieved in a furnace containing a housing with a combustion chamber inside, heat-collecting manifolds connected to the housing, a vertical row of openings with dampers is made on one side of the housing, an air duct is installed inside the housing for supplying air to the fuel combustion zone and made with reciprocating movement along a vertical row of dampers, a mechanism for opening and closing dampers for supplying air into the duct, moreover, heat-collecting manifolds are attached to the furnace body from the outside.

The design of the furnace provides the removal of flue gases due to the appropriate device, for example, a chimney.

Inside the furnace body (in the lower part) an ash pan tray, a grate for the location of solid fuel can be installed. In the ash pan tray, air intake hatches can be installed to supply air to the furnace chamber.

The furnace body is connected to the chimney. One side of the chimney pipe is embedded in the upper part of the body, and the other in the lower. In the upper part of the chimney, before the entrance to the furnace body, a damper can be installed. The damper provides the opening and closing of the chimney and, accordingly, the operation of the furnace in the “Ignition” / “Operation” modes. At the time of fuel ignition, the chimney flap is in the “open” position, which allows flue gases to go directly into the chimney, bypassing the heat collectors, in order to ensure the heating of the chimney. After the stove and chimney have partially warmed up and the draft has become proper, the damper is moved from the “open” (“ignition”) position to the “closed” (“work”) position and the hot gases enter the chimney only after passing through the heat collectors.

The position of the shutter can be adjusted with the mode dial.

The raising and lowering of the duct can be achieved by lifting devices based on a chain, rope, cable or other lifting devices, but with strength and heat resistance. The chain can be passed through a guide tube mounted inside the housing. One side of the chain is attached to the duct housing, and the second to the handle for raising and lowering the duct. During ascent and descent, the duct can be supported by trims.

The air duct is a device for receiving air from the environment and its targeted supply directly to the fuel combustion zone. The air duct can be made in the form of a parallelepiped-shaped housing (or another shape), while a hole can be made in it (for example, in one of its bases) for passing air into the air duct through open flaps. For this, the duct can be tightly adjoined by a hole in its casing to the wall of the furnace casing, on which the openings with dampers are located.

 The duct is configured to supply air to the fuel combustion zone, for example, through openings, a slot, etc.

The air intake duct, the vertical row of holes in the housing with the dampers in the aggregate, are an air intake. The height of the vertical row of air intake openings corresponds to the maximum height of solid fuel loaded into the furnace.

The mechanism for opening and closing the dampers may consist of a bar for opening the dampers, pushers of the dampers.

The flap opening strip can be fixed to the duct housing, on the side of the air inlet. The opening plate of the dampers is a bracket with beveled edges, which is mounted on the duct and moves with it synchronously. The opening plate of the dampers is made with the possibility of impact on the pusher, which, in turn, ensures the opening of the dampers.

Also, the flap opening mechanism may be a walking roller fixed inside the duct. In addition, the shutter opening mechanism may be based on a linkage mechanism.

The dampers close the corresponding holes in the casing on the outside of the casing when modified for firewood. At the same time, the shutter is movably mounted on the housing with the possibility of pushing the shutter pusher or lever mechanism.

As pushers of the dampers, it is possible to use rods or pins movably mounted in the furnace body perpendicular to each of the dampers. Thus, when the flap of the opening of the flaps is pressed on the pusher, it moves outward and the corresponding flapper is pushed back. Accordingly, when moving the flap of the opening of the flaps and its exit from contact with the pusher, the pusher is moved into the initial position under the influence of the mass of the flap.

In addition, the shutter pusher can be in the form of a cam (cam pushers) and be a protruding part of the shutter itself. Also, the pusher can be a lever mechanism mounted on the valve body or a permanent magnet mounted on the duct.

A walking roller in the form of an asterisk (or in the form of an impeller) can be fixed inside the duct housing on an axis, which ensures rotation of the roller around its axis when the duct moves up or down.

A cooktop may be installed on the outer upper surface of the furnace body. Thus, the oven can be used both for heating the room and for cooking.

Collectors are installed on both sides of the furnace body for uniform heating of the air.

Remote heat-collecting manifolds are attached to the outside of the housing. This ensures the most efficient heat exchange between the environment and the flue gases, without reducing the temperature of the furnace space, which leads to an increase in the efficiency (furnace efficiency) and the heating rate of the room by the furnace and provides an increase in the operational characteristics of the device.

Existing methods of heat extraction from the furnace, as a rule, carry out the heating of the ambient air by passing it through the channels running in the furnace space. This is an ineffective, and sometimes harmful method (with large capacities and high specific thermal load of the furnace space). The disadvantages of these methods are:

1. The channels passing through the furnace have a high temperature, therefore, oxygen “burns out” in the heated air, and as a result, such a room is not suitable for a long stay in it, due to the deterioration of the microclimate in air composition.

2. The heated air passing through the furnace space takes part of the heat, thereby lowering the temperature of the furnace core, which in turn causes a decrease in the efficiency of the combustion reaction and, as a result, a decrease in the furnace efficiency.

3. The process of "burning" of oxygen in the air is due to the intense oxidation reaction of the metal of the flame tubes, which significantly reduces the resource of the product. Otherwise, it is necessary to deliberately lower the temperature of the furnace space in order to artificially increase the product’s service life and eliminate the serious drawback associated with the “loss” of oxygen in the room.

The claimed invention is devoid of these drawbacks due to the fact that incandescent flue gases pass through the surrounding heated air, and not heated air passes through a red-hot furnace. Thus, due to the location of the heat-collecting manifolds outside the furnace body, and not inside it, the operational characteristics of the device (durability) additionally increases, due to the absence of the process of metal destruction of the heat-collecting collectors due to the oxidation of their metal.

The vertical row of holes in the furnace body with dampers, the mechanism for opening and closing the dampers, the air duct made with the possibility of vertical movement along the vertical row of holes in the furnace body, in the aggregate, represent the upper combustion system (accordingly, the device is operated in the "Top combustion" mode) . The furnace containing the upper combustion system provides combustion of only the upper layer of fuel, which contributes to a slower combustion of fuel compared to the combustion of the entire volume of fuel. Thus, a furnace with such a combustion system allows for a long and reliable maintenance of a given temperature.

The upper combustion system ensures the timely supply of oxygen to the combustion zone as solid fuel burns out when the duct moves from the highest point to the lowest. The possibility of supplying the upper combustion air system directly to the fuel combustion zone leads to stable maintenance of fuel combustion at an optimum level in the furnace, which leads to an increase in the reliability of the furnace with the risk of stopping combustion, as well as to increase the efficiency and stability of heating the room. The result is an increase in furnace performance.

Guides may be provided along the vertical row of dampers on the inside of the housing. Rollers can be installed on the duct housing for vertical movement of the duct along the guides. Performing an air duct with rollers and installing guides on the inside of the furnace body to move air duct rollers along them eliminates jamming and skewing of the air duct during the operation of the furnace, which further increases the reliability of the air duct and a stable air supply to the fuel combustion zone. This provides an additional increase in the reliability of the furnace and, accordingly, its operational characteristics.

Also, the upper combustion system provides the user with a “free hands” mode, in which there is no need to constantly add fuel as it burns out, which makes the device easy to operate.

The implementation of the furnace with the upper combustion system, but additionally containing in the ash pan of the air intake hatches for supplying air to the furnace furnace space allows for additional furnace operation in the “Classic” mode. The operation of the furnace in the "Classic" mode provides full fuel combustion due to the air supply to the furnace space below the furnace (at this moment the "Top Burning" system is not used, air is not supplied to the furnace space through the shutters). Thus, the air enters from the air intake hatches and moves to the heat removal manifolds, passing through the entire volume of fuel and ensuring its combustion in the entire volume.

When the upper combustion system and the air intake hatches in the ash pan are simultaneously constructed in the furnace design, it is possible to additionally combine the Upper Combustion and Classical furnace operating modes, which leads to an increase in the furnace power range and, as a result, to an additional increase in the operational characteristics of the device.

In addition, a reduction in ash content in flue gases is achieved due to partial subsidence in the chimney, protection of the chimney from condensation due to precipitation in the form of dew in the chimney.

The invention is illustrated by figures 1-9.

The figure 1 shows a General view of the furnace.

The figure 2 shows the oven, front view.

The figure 3 shows a furnace, a frontal section.

In FIG. 4 is a side view of an upper combustion system.

In FIG. 5 shows an image of the upper combustion system, view 3/4.

In FIG. 6 shows a mechanism for opening and closing dampers with pushers in the form of pins.

In FIG. 7 shows a mechanism for opening and closing dampers with pushers in the form of cams connected to the damper.

In FIG. 8 shows a mechanism for opening and closing shutters in the form of a roller.

In Fig.9. a diagram of the movement of hot gases in a furnace is presented.

In the figures, positions 1-28 depict:

1 - furnace body,

2 - heat collector,

3 - chimney,

4 - box air intake

5 - handle for adjusting the position of the flap,

6 - hob,

7 - air intake hatches,

8 - smoke collector,

9 - inspection hatch of the smoke collector.

10 - ash pan tray,

11 - loading door

12 - grate,

13 - duct

14 - bar opening valves,

15 - pushers of shutters (pin),

16 - chain lifting / lowering,

17 - air intake flaps,

18 - chimney flap,

19 - input / output windows of heat collectors,

20 - holes in the duct for air supply,

21 - guide tube

22 - handle for raising and lowering the duct,

23 - guides for moving the duct,

24 - duct rollers,

25 - pushers of shutters (cam),

26 - a number of holes in the air intake,

27 - a pusher in the form of a roller,

28 - legs of a walking roller.

The furnace with the upper combustion system includes a housing 1, on the sides of which are installed heat-collecting manifolds 2. A chimney 3 is installed on one of the ends of the furnace. A grate is installed in the furnace furnace space 12. Air is supplied to the furnace chamber by an air intake and an air duct 13. The air intake is an air intake box 4 and a vertical row of holes 26 made at the end of the furnace body, inside the box 4. Each hole 26 is closed by a damper 17. Air duct 13 contains a metal casing in the form of a parallelepiped with holes 20. One end of the casing of the duct 13 is open and tightly adjacent to the end of the furnace body with a vertical row made on it Ohm holes 26 for passing inside the duct 13 of the air from the air intake. The air duct 13 is made with the possibility of vertical movement depending on the height of the fuel in the furnace. At the end of the duct 13, rollers 24 are fixed for its movement along the guides (rails) 23 installed inside the furnace body along the vertical row of holes 26 of the air intake. The air duct 13 rises to the upper position due to the circuit 16, passed through the guide tube 21, which is rigidly fixed in the housing. To fix the air duct 13 in the upper position, clamps are used (not shown in Fig.).

To supply air to the duct 13 from the air intake in the furnace, a mechanism for opening and closing the dampers is provided.

In the first embodiment, the furnace as a mechanism for opening and closing the dampers comprises a lath for opening the dampers 14, mounted on the duct housing 13, to the side of the open end of the duct housing 13 and a pin pusher of the shutters 15.

In the second embodiment, the furnace as a mechanism for opening and closing the dampers comprises an opening plate for the dampers 14 and a cam follower of the dampers 25.

In the third embodiment, the device as a mechanism for opening and closing the shutters includes a walking roller 27, the axis of which is installed inside the duct 13 in the immediate vicinity of the open end of the duct housing 13.

At the second end of the furnace there is a loading door 11, an inspection hatch of the smoke collector 9. In the lower part of the furnace, an ash tray 10 and a smoke collector 8 are installed.

The device operates as follows.

The duct 13 is installed in the upper position (in the upper part of the furnace space), pulling the chain 16 from the furnace body 1 by the handle 22. The duct 13 moves upward along the guides 23 by means of rollers 24, which eliminates the skew and jamming of the duct 13 when moving up and down. Next, the duct 13 is secured in the upper position by latches (not shown in FIG.). The flaps 17 of the two upper holes 26 of the vertical row of air intake openings are in the open position. This is due to the fact that the opening plate 14 of the duct 13 abuts against the pins of the pusher pushers 15 corresponding to the flaps 17 of the two upper holes 26. Thus, the pins of the pushers 15 are pushed out of the furnace, open and hold these flaps 17 in the open position (according to the first embodiment of the furnace )

Through the loading door 11, the space between the grate 12 and the duct 13 is filled with solid fuel. The shutter 18 is moved to the “open” position and ignited. Flue gases, bypassing the heat removal manifold 2, enter the chimney 3 to warm it. After ignition and heating of the chimney 3, the shutter 18 is transferred to the closed position. The position of the valve 18 of the chimney 3 is regulated by the handle 12.

After that (Upper Combustion mode), the vacuum in the chimney is transferred to the chimney 8, then to the heat removal manifold 2 and, directly, to the combustion chamber (furnace), where the air duct 13 is located.

After ignition of the fuel, air from the duct of the air intake 4 through the shutters 17 of the two upper holes 26 and the holes 20 of the air duct 13 is fed into the combustion zone, delivering the necessary oxygen to the combustion zone between the fuel and the air duct. Then the hot gases rise up, filling the combustion chamber, and are carried away into the heat collector 2 through the upper inlet windows 19, from where they enter the smoke collector 8, passing through the lower outlet windows 19 and further into the chimney 3.

As the fuel burns out, the duct 13 drops down to the next layer of fuel along the guides 23 by means of rollers 24.

In the case of a device with a mechanism for opening and closing the dampers, including the opening plate of the dampers 14 and the pin pushers of the dampers 15, as the air duct 13 moves, the opening bar 14 alternately presses the pin pushers 15, which open the shutters 17 in turn and in a timely manner. under its own weight, since the opening plate 14 comes out of contact with the pushers 15, thereby freeing the shutters 17, closing the corresponding holes 26.

In the case of a device with a mechanism for opening and closing the dampers, including the opening plate of the dampers 14 and cam pushers of the dampers 25, as the air duct 13 moves, the opening bar 14 alternately presses the cams of the pushers 25, which open the shutters 17 alternately and in a timely manner. The shutters located above the duct close under its own weight, since the opening bar 14 comes out of contact with the cams of the pushers 25, thereby freeing the shutters 17, closing the corresponding holes 26.

In the case of a device with a mechanism for opening and closing the dampers in the form of a walking roller 27 fixed on an axis and fixed inside the air duct 13, two legs 28 of the roller are inserted into two holes 26 of the air intake. At the same time, the legs of the roller 28 move the shutters 17 of the corresponding openings 26. As the air duct 13 moves, the roller rotates around its axis and inserts its legs 28 into the subsequent openings 26, opening the shutters 17 in a timely and timely manner, and the shutters located above the duct close under their own weight, since the legs of the roller 28 during its movement release the hole 26 corresponding to the shutter 17 and move on.

After the fuel has completely burned through, the air duct 13 is lowered onto the grate 12. The chain 16 is drawn into the housing 1 along the guide tube 21, lifting the handle 22 behind it. The air duct 13 is brought to its initial position (upper position) for subsequent fuel filling by the handle 22.

Thus, a multiple increase in the heat transfer area due to the installation of a series of heat-collecting manifolds on both sides of the furnace body, as well as the maximum possible decrease in flow rate, due to an increase in the total collector cross-sectional area, provides a significant increase in the furnace efficiency.

In addition, the furnace design described above may additionally contain air intake hatches in the ash pan tray and, in addition to the “Upper combustion” mode, operate in the “Classic” mode, which implies air supply not through the air duct 13 of the upper combustion system, but through the hatches 7 of the ash pan 10.

The air passed through the hatches 7, then through the grates 12 passes through the fuel, saturating it with oxygen to maintain combustion. Then the hot gases rise up, filling the combustion chamber, and are carried away into the heat-collecting manifold 2, from where they enter the chimney 8 and then into the chimney 3.

A hob is installed on the upper base of the furnace body 6. Through the inspection hatch 9 of the smoke collector, a visual inspection of the furnace space is made for the need for maintenance.

Claims (8)

1. The furnace, characterized in that it contains a housing with a furnace space inside, heat-collecting manifolds connected to the housing, a vertical row of openings with dampers is made on one side of the housing, an air duct is installed inside the housing for supplying air to the fuel combustion zone, configured to return translational movement along a vertical row of dampers, a mechanism for opening and closing dampers for supplying air into the duct, moreover, heat-collecting manifolds are attached to the furnace body from the outside. 2. The stove according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a chimney. 3. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the duct for supplying air to the combustion zone of the fuel contains holes. 4. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the movement of the duct along the vertical row of dampers is carried out by a lifting device. 5. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for opening and closing the dampers includes pushers of the dampers and a bar for opening the dampers mounted on the duct. 6. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for opening and closing the dampers includes cam pushers of the dampers and a bar for opening the dampers, mounted on the duct. 7. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for opening and closing the shutters is a walking roller mounted on the duct. 8. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the duct contains rollers for movement along a vertical row of holes.

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