RU2708061C9 - Method for rapid instrumental evaluation of energy parameters of a useful signal and unintentional interference on the antenna input of an on-board radio receiver with a telephone output in the aircraft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering and communication.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aircraft radio communication and radio navigation and can be used for operating instrumental estimation of energy parameters of a useful signal (US) and unintended interference (UI) on antenna input of on-board radio receiver (RRC) with telephone output in aircraft (AC). Method provides quantitative instrumental estimation of energy parameters US and UI at the antenna input of the on-board RRC with a substantially nonlinear flat amplitude characteristic (AC) by the telephone output of the RRC by results of measurement of LF-voltage levels of applied by RRC amplitude and phase LF-noise in standard mode of radio reception of radiation of class A3E or F3E ("telephony" with two-band analogue AM or FM) in the process of additional operating monitoring (AOM) RRC in ground and flight conditions in aircraft.EFFECT: technical result consists in improvement of technical and economic efficiency of US (UI) parameters estimation.4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to aeronautical radio communications and radio navigation and can be used for operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of a useful signal (PS) and unintentional interference (NP) at the antenna input of an on-board radio receiver (RPM) with a telephone output as part of a transport vehicle (airplane) or helicopter) during ground and flight tests of an aircraft to assess the electromagnetic safety and compatibility (EMBS) of RPMs with radio transmitters (RPM) of airborne and airfield radio stations (PC), electrodynamic isolation and azimuthal radiation patterns of antennas of airborne and airfield PCs, as well as operational instrumental control the technical state of the RPM during operation as part of an aircraft in ground and flight conditions, an electromagnetic environment (EMO) on the routes and in areas of test and operational flights of an aircraft without involving for these purposes measuring equipment of general and special (service) purpose such as measuring antennas, and measuring receivers and analyzers of a spectrum of radio signals and radio interference.

The claimed method can be directly used for operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of the PS and NP at the antenna inputs of the RPM with the telephone output of the aerodrome radio equipment for communication and navigation, as well as similar RPMs located on moving objects of automobile and sea transport and at stationary objects for various purposes of land and sea based.

1. The prior art

1.1. According to the requirements of the current Aviation Rules, all types of transport aircraft, such as an airplane or a helicopter, are required to be equipped with some type of onboard PC near and far radio communications, operating as part of the aircraft alternately in radio reception and transmission modes of radiation of class A3E or F3E (“telephony” with two-way analog AM or FM) in the ranges of meter (MB) and decameter (DKMV) waves, and on-board radio navigation equipment (RNO) such as automatic radio compasses (ARC), heading (CIR), glide path (GRP) and marker (MC) receivers in the medium range (CB), meter (MB) and decimeter (UHF) waves with a telephone (sound) output for audible notification of the aircraft crew and recognition on board the aircraft of ground navigation beacons and radio beacons of the ILS, VOR, SP-50, RSBN instrumental landing systems.

Onboard RPMs of these types perform essential and critical functions to ensure safe flights on the routes and in areas of test and operational flights of aircraft and during instrumental landing of aircraft, as a result of which their technical condition under the influence of additive NPs significantly affects flight safety of aircraft and the possibility of successful completion flight of an aircraft in the event of special situations in flight.

The voltage of the SS (NP) of class A3E or F3E at the antenna input of the on-board RPM with telephone output is a continuous quasi-harmonic oscillation, the current values of which are given by the general analytical expression

where U _{ps (np)} is the effective value (level) of the carrier PS (NP);

f _{ps (np)} , φ ₀ is the frequency of the carrier PS (NP), matching or close to the operating letter frequency of the RPM f _rpm ≈ f _{ps (np)} , and an arbitrary initial phase of the PS (NP);

m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) - analog AM or FM, which in the general case contains useful informational and spurious residual components.

The main energy parameters of the voltage of the substation (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) of class A3E or F3E, normalized in normative and technical documents (NTD), affecting the technical condition and technical characteristics of the onboard RPM with telephone output during its ground and flight tests and operation as part of the aircraft and subject to operational instrumental assessment by the claimed method are the effective value (level) of the carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} , the amplitude value (coefficient AM or frequency deviation of the FM) of the useful information component and the effective value (level) of residual spurious components AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) taking into account spurious introduced RPM amplitude m _w (t) or phase φ _w (t) noise.

The need for operational instrumental assessment of the indicated energy parameters of the PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) arises to confirm their compliance with the requirements of the technical documentation, as well as during ground and flight tests of aircraft to assess the EMB of onboard RPM with RPD of onboard and airfield PCs, electrodynamic isolation and radiation patterns of their airborne and airfield antennas in the near and in the far zones of their radio emission and radio reception, with operational instrumental monitoring of electromagnetic radiation on the routes and areas of test and operational flights of aircraft. However, the practical implementation of such an assessment at the antenna input of an onboard RPM as part of an aircraft in ground and flight conditions by known methods encounters significant difficulties associated with the need to use general or special (service) purpose measuring equipment such as measuring antennas, measuring receivers or spectrum analyzers Substation (NP), which requires, as a rule, significant material costs, time and labor resources and leads to a rise in price and an increase in the duration of ground and flight tests of the aircraft and its maintenance.

1.2. For these reasons, only operational instrumental monitoring of the on-board RPM serviceability with telephone output and analogue processing of input signals (PS, NP) as part of the aircraft with an integrated monitoring system (VSK) during RPM operation in the “Control” mode according to the results of tolerance monitoring of the LF level is currently performed -voltage on the telephone low-frequency output of the RPM when exposed to its calibrated test signal VSK at its antenna RF input. However, VSKs of the indicated type do not provide the required completeness and depth of operational instrumental control of the technical state and technical characteristics of RPMs, since for technical reasons they do not allow controlling the energy parameters of the substation (NP) at the antenna input of the RPM and predicting the operability and efficiency (quality) of functioning based on the results of the control RPM in flight, to quickly detect in normal operating modes of the RPM changes in its technical condition and functional failures that create the prerequisites for the occurrence of special flight situations of an aircraft under the influence of various types of additive radio interference at the RF antenna input of the RPM and among them the most powerful and dangerous additive NPs, due to the main and secondary radio emissions from the RPD of ground and airborne radio stations operating simultaneously or in combination with the onboard RPM at the letter frequencies that coincide or are close to the main (OKP), adjacent (UPC) or secondary (PKP) channels for receiving RPM and / or calling blocking (overload) of RPM, cross-modulation and intermodulation of voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1).

During ground and flight tests and operation of aircraft, in addition to the VSC, expert organoleptic methods for the operational monitoring of onboard RPMs with telephone output are widely used, which allow a qualitative assessment of the current technical condition of RPMs on the intelligibility of useful sound information (speech) on the RPM telephone output under conditions of exposure to its antenna input PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) and detect unacceptable deterioration in the quality of functioning and functional failures of the RPM to an unacceptable decrease in the quality of sound information (speech intelligibility) on the telephone output of the RPM to two points and up to one point, respectively (see [1 ] “A typical methodology for assessing the electromagnetic compatibility of airborne radio equipment installed on GA aircraft.” - M.: State Research Institute “Aeronavigation” and State Scientific Center “LII named after MM Gromov”, 1995, pp. 4-7, 23-29, 37-41; further: “Typical methodology ...”).

напряжения ПС (НП) u_пс(нп)(t) (1), существенно влияющих на основные показатели технического состояния РПМ - его работоспособность и эффективность (качество) функционирования при воздействии НП и на такие технические характеристики РПМ, как ЭМБС с РПД бортовых и аэродромных PC, электродинамическая развязка и диаграммы направленности антенн бортовых и аэродромных PC в ближних дальних и зонах их радиоизлучения и радиоприема, энергетические параметры ЭМО на трассах и зонах испытательных и эксплуатационных полетов ЛА. Экспертным органолептическим способам присуща также субъективность оценки результатов оперативного контроля и испытаний РПМ и зависимость этих результатов от физического состояния и профессиональных навыков операторов РПМ.However, expert organoleptic control methods only record the fact of an unacceptable change in the current technical state of the RPM as part of the aircraft and make it possible to estimate the PS and NP levels in points using the speech intelligibility in single-signal and two-signal radio reception modes PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) RPM antenna input and the ratio of their levels, but are not able to determine the absolute quantitative values of the levels of the carrier U _{ps (np)} , useful information and residual spurious components AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM

voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1), significantly affecting the main indicators of the technical condition of the RPM - its performance and efficiency (quality) of functioning when exposed to the NP and on such technical characteristics of the RPM as EMBS with RPD onboard and aerodrome PCs, electrodynamic isolation and radiation patterns of antennas onboard and aerodrome PCs in the near distant and areas of their radio emission and radio reception, EMO energy parameters on the routes and areas of aircraft test and operational flights. Expert organoleptic methods are also inherent in the subjectivity of evaluating the results of operational control and testing of RPM and the dependence of these results on the physical condition and professional skills of RPM operators.

по результатам измерения параметров выходного НЧ-напряжения, полученного в результате амплитудного либо частотного детектирования преобразованного напряжения ПС (НП) в измерительном приемнике и усиления по постоянному току и на низких (звуковых) частотах, с отображением (индикацией) результатов измерения в линейном или логарифмическом масштабе калиброванными стрелочными, электронными или цифровыми индикаторами постоянного и переменного тока с использованием встроенных устройств калибровки шкал индикаторов.1.3. These shortcomings of expert organoleptic control methods and existing VSK RPM with analogue processing of input RF signals (PS, NP) are free of direct single-signal methods of measuring and quantitative instrumental assessment of parameters of PS (NP) directly at the output of the receiving antenna-feeder path (AFT) connected as part of an aircraft with an RF connector with an on-board RPM antenna input, a measuring receiver or spectrum analyzer for general or special (service) purposes after undocking the AFT connector from the RPM antenna input. It is also possible to connect the measuring equipment to the RPM antenna input through a directional coupler or power divider included in the gap between the RPM antenna input and the on-board AFT. At the same time, measuring receivers with analog and digital processing of input RF signals (PS, NP) provide, in a single-signal measurement mode, an unambiguous quantitative assessment of the carrier level and parameters of the analog AM (FM) voltage of the PS (NP)

according to the results of measuring the parameters of the output low-frequency voltage obtained as a result of amplitude or frequency detection of the converted PS (NP) voltage in the measuring receiver and amplification by direct current and at low (sound) frequencies, with the display (indication) of the measurement results in a linear or logarithmic scale calibrated pointer, electronic or digital indicators of direct and alternating current using built-in devices for calibrating indicator scales.

на антенном входе бортового РПМ предпочтения заслуживают способы измерения, реализуемые измерительными приемниками.In contrast, general-purpose and special-purpose (service) spectrum analyzers implement, in a single-signal mode, methods for directly measuring the spectrograms of input radio signals (PS or NP) with spectrograms displayed on the analyzer’s display (monitor) screen and then recalculating the spectrogram parameters to controlled PS energy parameters ( NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) at the RPM antenna input, which complicates the operational estimation of the parameters compared to their direct measurement by measuring receivers. For this reason, for the quantitative instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of PS (NP)

at the antenna input of the onboard RPM, the measurement methods implemented by the measuring receivers deserve preference.

The dynamic range of measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers for general and special (service) purposes with analog and digital processing of radio signals (PS, NP) and linear AX usually does not exceed 20 ... 30 dB, and with a logarithmic AX 60 dB relative to their threshold noise sensitivity (cm . [2]. Measurement of radio signals and interference. "News of the company" Rode and Schwartz ". Special issue (in Russian), 1985, p. 53-54). To expand the dynamic range of the measuring receiver or spectrum analyzer, a set of precision attenuators with discretely switchable electrical distance attenuation in the range of 100 ... 110 dB with a step of 10 dB is usually installed at its antenna input, or the PS (NP) converted voltage levels are reduced in the indicated range using program methods (for measuring equipment with digital signal processing), which increases the total range of measured PS (NP) carrier levels u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) to 120 ... 140 dB when using linear AX and to 160 ... 170 dB when using logarithmic AX .

At present, measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers for general and special (service) purposes are mainly used as part of stationary or automobile airfield and airfield airborne measuring and computing complexes (IVK) for antenna measurements and routine maintenance with airborne PCs and airborne radio relay devices in laboratory conditions before their installation on the aircraft and after dismantling the RPM from the aircraft, or as part of the aircraft in ground conditions on specially equipped airfield measuring sites and provide high accuracy in measuring the levels of the carrier and the parameters of the analog AM and FM voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) (with errors not exceeding ± 1 ... 1.5 dB at the levels of the carrier PS (NP), reaching in extreme conditions 120 ... 140 dB relative to the threshold sensitivity of the RPM in noise). The practical use of the indicated technically complex, difficult to operate and expensive CPIs as part of transport aircraft in flight conditions is hindered by technical difficulties arising from their placement on board the aircraft, the provision of power to the IVC from the onboard power supply system with a frequency of 400 Hz, insufficient acoustic, vibration and shock resistance CPI in flight in conditions of powerful acoustic, vibrational and mechanical shock. There are also a number of technical and other restrictions, including a violation of the structural and functional integrity (unity) of the onboard RPM and its AFT in the aircraft when measuring equipment is connected directly to the AFT output after undocking the AFT RF connector from the RPM antenna input, which leads to complete the loss of efficiency of RPMs, increases the complexity and duration of maintenance of RPMs as part of the aircraft and creates the prerequisites for reducing its reliability and reliability due to the influence of the human factor on the possibility of defects in the mechanical connection of RPMs and its AFT RF connector.

1.4. Indirect single-signal methods for measuring and quantitative instrumental estimation of the parameters of the PS (NP) at the antenna input of the onboard RPM are also known, providing direct measurement of the electric and magnetic field strength of the PS (NP) in free space near the receiving antenna of the onboard RPM with a measuring antenna connected by a calibrated cable to the measuring receiver or a spectrum analyzer located on board the aircraft or near the aircraft, without violating the structural and functional integrity (unity) of the RPM and its AFT as part of the aircraft, with subsequent conversion of the measured values of the electric and magnetic field into the energy parameters of the PS (NP) at the antenna input of the RPM according to the known electrodynamic parameters and characteristics of the receiving antenna, AFT, and RPM RF antenna input using their mathematical models and special software. In this case, errors in the quantitative assessment of absolute PS (NP) levels by the indicated indirect methods in the operating frequency ranges of onboard RPM in flight conditions under the expected test and operating conditions of the aircraft can reach 3 ... 5 dB or more due to the lack of reliable initial data on electrodynamic parameters and characteristics receiving antenna, AFT and RPM antenna input under these conditions, as well as methodological errors due to the approximate nature of the mathematical models used, and computational software errors.

Known hardware implementations of these assessment methods in ship and airfield conditions, proposed in RF patents for invention RU 2374654 dated 12/27/2007, IPC G01R 29/08 (2006.01) “Method for assessing the electromagnetic compatibility of ship technical equipment and hardware complex for its implementation” [3 ] and RU 2638079 C1 dated 10/19/2016 “A method for measuring the azimuthal radiation pattern of an antenna as part of large-sized mobile land objects and a device for its implementation” [4], are functionally complex large-sized stationary structures. It is not possible to equip the existing fleet of transport aircraft or at least a certain part of it with such airborne IVCs for technical and financial reasons.

In the RF patent for the invention RU 2251803 C1 dated July 20, 2004, “A Method for Determining Information Parameters and Characteristics of Transmitter Radio Signals” [5], a method is proposed for determining information parameters and power flux density (MRF) of radio signals from ground-based stationary radio equipment of the RSBN and base mobile radio stations of general mobile access on routes and in civilian aviation flight zones in the interests of providing EMC for on-board RSBN radio equipment with ground-based RPD sources of NS for RSBN, and in the RF patent for invention RU 2267862 C1 of 07.20.2004 “Device for determining information parameters and characteristics of transmitters radio signals” [ 6] a device is proposed (more precisely, CPI) for implementing this method, placed on board an aircraft - a flying laboratory (LL) and providing monitoring of interfering EMO on the routes and in the flight areas of transport aircraft according to the results of measurement and statistical processing of spectrograms of ground-based RPD radio signals adopted by the calibrated measuring antenna IVK, using for this purpose a spectrum analyzer and three general-purpose on-board processors (computers). The on-board CPM also includes GPS satellite navigation equipment for determining the relative position of ground RPD and LL, an on-board system for recording and accumulating measurement information and RPD radio emission spectrograms.

According to the materials set forth in the descriptions of RF patents for inventions RU 2251803 [5] and RU 2267862 [6], on-board processors (computers) with the necessary software and mathematical software (SPM) for statistical processing of spectrograms allow determining the total (cumulative) MRP of received radio signals of several ground RPM and partial RPM of each individual RPM in the operating letter frequency band of RSBN ground and airborne equipment in free space on the routes and in flight areas of aircraft with high accuracy (with errors not exceeding 1.5 ... 2 dB), but the equipment of transport aircraft is similar CPI in the foreseeable future is also not possible.

1.5. In principle, to measure the carrier levels and the AM or FM voltage parameters of the PS (NP) voltage at the antenna input of the on-board RPM during testing and operation as part of an aircraft in a limited range of measured levels, you can use the single-signal method for measuring the parameters of radio signals with a measuring receiver, described in paragraph 1.3 above, after the necessary refinement of the onboard RPM and its VSK and equipping them with technical means for measuring the PS (NS) carrier voltage u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) after its preliminary processing, detection and amplification of the detector output voltage by direct current and calibration (or calibration ) RPM meters and indicators. It is also necessary to increase the attenuation of the discretely adjustable attenuators RPM and RPD to 45 ... 50 dB in steps of no more than 10 dB.

However, this method has not yet received practical application for the operational instrumental assessment of the parameters of PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) in existing RPMs with telephone output, not only due to the lack of their composition and as part of the on-board and service electronic equipment of the aircraft of the necessary technical or software-algorithmic means, but mainly because the output amplitude (AX) and detector (DX) characteristics of the RPM are substantially non-linear in the normal modes of radio reception of radiation of class A3E or F3E due to the fact that in accordance with the requirements of technical standards built-in automatic gain control (AGC) RPM and technical means for amplitude limiting the converted input FM signals (PS, NP) to RPMs provide effective stabilization of sound signals (speech) levels in the headphones of the airborne RPM operator in the expected conditions of testing and operation of RPMs in an aircraft .

либо девиация частоты Δf_{max.пс(нп)} полезной информационной ЧМ Δf_пс(нп)(t) ВЧ-напряжения ПС(НП) u_пс(нп)(t) как параметра АХ, обычно не превышает 15…20 дБ относительно номинальной пороговой чувствительности РПМ по напряжению шума U_пор.нш, а плоские участки выходных АХ U_вых(U_вx|M_вх), U_вых(U_вх|Δf_max.вx) простираются до верхней границы динамического диапазона РПМ, достигающей 90…100 дБ для РПМ бортовых MB- и ДКМВ-радиостанций и 70…80 дБ для РПМ бортовых РНО ЛА (см. [7] Технические требования к оборудованию самолетов. Приложение к гл. 8 НЛГС-2 «Оборудование самолетов». - М.: МВК по нормам летной годности. 1974, стр. 200-201, 220-222, а также [8] «Единые нормы летной годности самолетов (ЕНЛГС) транспортной категории. Приложение П8», стр. 217-224). At the same time, the initial monotonically increasing section of the through-through output AX is U _o (U _{ps (np)} | M _{ps (np)} ) or U _o (U _{ps (np)} | Δf _{max.ps (np)} ), which reflects the functional dependence of the low-frequency voltage level U _output at the telephone line output of the RPM from the carrier level U _{ps (np) of the} RF voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) at the antenna input of the RPM at a fixed value of the coefficient M _{ps (np) of the} useful information AM

or frequency deviation Δf _{max.ps (np) of the} useful informational FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) RF voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) as an AC parameter, usually does not exceed 15 ... 20 dB relative to the nominal threshold PRM sensitivity noise _por.nsh voltage U and the flat portions of ACh output U _O (U _Bx | M _Rin), U _O (U _Bx | Δf _max.vx) extend up to the upper boundary of the dynamic range of RPMs, reaching 90 ... 100 dB RPM of onboard MB- and DKMV-radio stations and 70 ... 80 dB for RPM of onboard RNO LA (see [7] Technical requirements for aircraft equipment. Appendix to Chapter 8 of NLGS-2 “Aircraft Equipment”. - M .: MVK according to standards airworthiness. 1974, pp. 200-201, 220-222, as well as [8] “Unified standards for airworthiness of aircraft (ENLGS) of the transport category. Appendix P8,” pp. 217-224).

и в НТД [7-8], в настоящее время отсутствуют способы и технические решения, обеспечивающие оперативную инструментальную оценку энергетических параметров ПС и НП на антенном входе бортового РПМ с телефонным выходом при наземных и летных испытаниях и эксплуатации в составе ЛА без привлечения для этой цели измерительной аппаратуры общего и специального (сервисного) назначения типа измерительных антенн, измерительных приемников и анализаторов спектра радиосигналов, что требует, как следствие, существенного функционального и конструктивного усложнения бортовой и сервисной аппаратуры оперативного контроля РПМ в составе ЛА, существенных финансовых и трудовых затрат и затрат времени на материально-техническое обеспечение, подготовку и выполнение наземных и летных испытаний РПМ и на его техническое обслуживание при эксплуатации в составе ЛА.1.6. According to the results of the analysis of known methods described in patents

and in NTD [7-8], currently there are no methods and technical solutions providing an operational instrumental assessment of the PS and NP energy parameters at the antenna input of the onboard RPM with telephone output during ground and flight tests and operation as part of an aircraft without involving for this purpose measuring equipment for general and special (service) purposes such as measuring antennas, measuring receivers and analyzers of the spectrum of radio signals, which requires, as a result, a significant functional and constructive complication of on-board and service equipment for operational monitoring of RPMs as part of an aircraft, significant financial and labor costs and time for material and technical support, preparation and implementation of ground and flight tests of RPMs and for its maintenance during operation as part of an aircraft.

This application proposes for the first time a solution to the urgent technical problem of the operational instrumental assessment of the PS and NP energy parameters at the antenna input of an existing fleet of RPM aircraft with a telephone output as part of an aircraft in ground and flight conditions, using mainly proprietary RPM hardware, RPM - a PS (NP) source , on-board and service electronic equipment of the aircraft and, if this is not enough, the technical means of the on-board or airfield-on-board IVK of the aircraft for measuring, magnetic recording and processing of the effective values (levels) of the low-frequency voltage at the RPM telephone output without involving general and special (service) purposes such as measuring antennas, measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers.

The claimed method has no direct analogues among the known methods described in the patents [3-6] and using measuring equipment of these types. Far analogues of the claimed method are single-signal methods for measuring the technical characteristics of an on-board RPM with a telephone output to confirm their compliance with the requirements of the technical documentation [1, 7, 8] during periodic routine maintenance in laboratory and bench conditions, set forth in the specified technical documentation and in the technical documentation for the performance of specific work types of on-board PC and on-board RNO, for example, [9] "Harlequin-D" radio station. The manual for the technical operation of the IV 1.104.136 OM, book 1. The maintenance manual for the RO 023.10.00. Adjustment and testing ”, pp. 513-528. The prototype is single-signal and two-signal methods for evaluating the EMC of onboard PC and onboard RNO as part of an aircraft in ground and flight conditions, described in the “Typical Methodology ...” [1]. At the same time, the common essential features of the claimed method and its distant analogues [7-9] and prototype [1] are that they include an onboard RPM, an airfield or onboard RPD — a PS (NP) source in the normal operating modes of radio reception and, accordingly, radio transmission of class A3E radiation either F3E with a two-band analog AM or FM, they amplify and convert the frequency of the voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) to the RPM at high (HF) and nonzero intermediate (IF) frequencies, detecting the converted PS (NP ) hardware (in a conventional (non-synchronous) transistor or semiconductor amplitude detector (HELL) or in a similar frequency detector (BH) of differentiating type) or software-algorithmic means in RPM with digital signal processing, amplification of the output low-frequency voltage of the detector in a linear low-voltage amplifier frequency (VLF), automatic gain control (AGC) RPM RF, IF and LF and additionally the amplitude limitation of the converted PS (NP) with analog FM for effective stabilization of the levels of sound signals (speech) in the headphones of an aircraft headset of an RPM operator under the expected conditions of testing and operating RPMs in an aircraft, and then they measure and analyze the levels of low-frequency voltage at the telephone output of RPMs in the selected modes of RPM and RPM operation.

However, distant analogues [7–9] and prototype [1], as well as the previously discussed method of integrated monitoring of the on-board RPM operability with a telephone output, do not allow for technical reasons described in sections 1.2 and 1.5 above to quantify and control changes in the main (influencing on the technical characteristics and technical condition of the RPM) of the energy parameters of the voltage of the PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) at the antenna input of the RPM as part of the aircraft in ground and flight conditions, in particular due to the significant nonlinearity of the AX and RP RPM , the absence of the necessary hardware or software and algorithmic tools in the existing RPMs, and in the RPM TD - the necessary a priori information on the quantitative functional relationship between the output low-frequency voltage levels u _output (t) on the telephone RPM output on the one hand and the PS voltage energy parameters ( NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) - on the other.

2. The essence of the claimed invention

2.1. The objective of the claimed invention is to develop a method for the operational instrumental assessment of the PS and NP energy parameters at the antenna input of an existing fleet of RPM vehicles with a telephone output as part of an aircraft in standard radio emission regimes of class A3E or F3E emissions (with two-band analog AM or FM) in real ground and flight conditions tests and operation of the aircraft based on other radio engineering principles and technical means (mainly proprietary RPM hardware, electronic equipment of the aircraft and RPD — the source of the PS or NP) and other technical solutions for the rational selection of the used technical means, parameters and modes of their operation than in the known direct and indirect single-signal methods described in patents [3-6], without involving for these purposes measuring equipment of general and special (service) purpose such as measuring antennas, measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers PS (NP).

The technical result to which the invention is directed is to provide an operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of the substation and receiver at the antenna input of the existing fleet of on-board RPMs with a telephone output as part of the aircraft, mainly using the on-board RPM, RPD - source of the substation (RP), onboard and service electronic equipment of the aircraft and, if this is not enough, technical means of measuring, magnetic recording and processing of effective values (levels) of low-frequency voltage at the telephone output of the RPM (such as low-frequency millivoltmeter, magnetic recording and computer) as part of an airborne or airborne-airborne IVK Aircraft excluding the use for these purposes of measuring equipment of general and special (service) purpose such as measuring antennas, measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers PS (NP).

Also, the claimed method provides the possibility of operational instrumental control of the main indicators of the technical state of the RPM — its operability and efficiency (quality) of operation during testing and operation as part of the aircraft in ground and flight conditions, the energy parameters of the electromagnetic radiation on board the aircraft on the routes and in the areas of test and operational flights Aircraft and such technical characteristics of on-board PCs and on-board RNOs as EMBS of their RPM and RPD, electrodynamic isolation and azimuthal radiation patterns of on-board and airfield on-board antennas of PC and RNO, which allows to increase the testability and technical and economic efficiency of ground and flight tests of aircraft according to the technical condition and technical characteristics of the onboard RPM as part of the aircraft, to expand the arsenal of technical solutions and tools for operational instrumental control of the technical condition and technical characteristics of the RPM as part of the aircraft during testing and operation of the aircraft, to increase the completeness and depth of By doing so and thereby increasing the flight safety of aircraft in complex EMO under the conditions of additive NP, reduce financial and labor costs and time spent on material and technical support, preparation and execution of ground and flight tests, and on maintenance of RPM when operating as part of an aircraft according to technical condition.

2.2. To achieve the specified technical result in the proposed method, which includes the inclusion of an on-board RPM, airfield or on-board radio transmitter (RPD) - a PS (NP) source in the normal operating modes of radio reception and, accordingly, radio transmission of radiation of class A3E or F3E ("telephony" with two-band analog AM or FM ), amplifying and converting the frequency of the input RF signal (PS, NP) to RPM at high (RF) and nonzero intermediate (IF) frequencies, detecting the converted signal (PS, NP) in a conventional (non-synchronous) transistor or semiconductor amplitude detector (AM) ) either in a similar frequency detector (BH) of a differentiating type, amplification of the output low-frequency voltage of the detector in a linear low-frequency amplifier (VLF), automatic gain control (AGC) of the RPM for high-frequency, frequency, and low-frequency and additionally the amplitude limitation of the converted input signals (PS, NP) class F3E for effective stabilization of the levels of sound signals (speech) in the headphones of an air headset opera RPM at the expected conditions for testing and operating RPMs as part of an aircraft, during ground and flight tests of an aircraft to assess the electromagnetic safety and compatibility (EMBS) of an onboard RPM with RPM of ground and airborne radio stations (PC), electrodynamic isolation and radiation patterns of aerodrome and airborne antennas PC, as well as during operational monitoring of the technical state of RPMs during operation as part of an aircraft in ground and flight conditions and electromagnetic conditions (EMO) on board an aircraft on routes and in areas of test and operational flights, perform additional operational control (MLC) of RPMs as part of an aircraft in three reference single-signal control modes (ORC) and preliminary (before the start of the MLC) - calibration of the normalized amplitude characteristics (AX) of the RPM in single-signal calibration modes (ORG), which are mainly similar to the RPM of the RPM.

 НЧ-напряжения u_вых.n(t) на телефонном выходе РПМ преимущественно собственными техническими средствами РПМ, электронного оборудования ЛА, аэродромного (бортового) РПД - источника ПС (НП) и при необходимости сервисными НЧ-милливольтметром, магнитным регистратором и ЭВМ измерительно-вычислительного комплекса (ИВК) ЛА в трех (n=0, 1, 2) эталонных ОРК РПМ: в отсутствие на антенном входе РПМ ПС и НП в исходном (n=0) подготовительном ОРК, при воздействии напряжения ПС (НП) класса А3Е либо F3EAt the same time, in the process of PKD, they measure, register, and perform statistical processing in time and normalize the current effective values (levels)

LF-voltages u _output.n (t) at the telephone line output of the RPM mainly with its own technical means of RPM, electronic equipment of the aircraft, aerodrome (on-board) RPD - source of PS (NP) and, if necessary, service low-frequency millivoltmeter, magnetic recorder and computer of measuring and computing complex (CPI) aircraft in three (n = 0, 1, 2) reference ORC RPM: in the absence at the antenna input RPM PS and NP in the initial (n = 0) preparatory ORC, when exposed to voltage PS (NP) of class A3E or F3E

with the effective value (level) of the carrier U _{ps (np)} , the frequency of the carrier f _{ps (np)} , matching or close to the selected operating RPM letter frequency f _rpm ≈ f _{ps (np)} , the initial phase φ ₀ and with the typical phase specified in the technical documentation (TD) by the operational parameters of the useful informational component of the analog AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) in the 1st (n = 1) regular ORC and when exposed to PS (NP) u _{ps (np )} (t) (1) without useful information modulation (with an unmodulated carrier U _{ps (np)} ) in the 2nd (n = 2) alternative ORC;

the required RPM ORCs provide switching on (installation) automatically and alternately according to the operator of the RPM appropriate modes of operation of the airfield or airborne RPD - source of the PS (NP): when the radio emission of the RPD is turned off in the initial (n = 0) RPM of the RPM, in the normal mode of radio transmission of the main radiation of the RPD class A3E or F3E with typical operational parameters of the useful information AM or FM specified in the technical documentation (TD) in the 1st standard (n = 1) standard ORC and in the radio transmission mode of the main radiation of the RPD without useful information modulation (with an unmodulated carrier) in 2 m (n = 2) alternative ORC;

during statistical processing of the results of measurement and registration of RPM LF voltage levels U _output.n (t) in three (n = 0, 1, 2) ORCs, the airborne or aerodrome computers are determined by standard methods, their time-averaged values of U _output.n and standard deviations ΔU _out.n (after rejecting gross deviations of the levels U _out.n (t) from their average values U _out.n ) for 3 ... 5 seconds no more than with a sample size N _n >> 1 and with a sampling frequency of not more than 100 Hz ; then calculate the values:

ratio of averaged levels

characterizing normalized (dimensionless) averaged levels U _{output 1} , U _{output 2} low-voltage PS (NP) u _{output 1} (t), u _{output 2} (t) on the telephone line of the RPM in the 1st and accordingly in the 2nd ORC;

normalized (dimensionless) standard deviations

confidence limits (dg) of the statistical estimate in the Gaussian approximation of the normalized average levels δ _{exit 1} , δ _{exit 2} , δ _{exit 3} with a guaranteed probability of their reliable (correct) estimate of at least 0,997:

then determined by graphic constructions or graph-analytically by computer numerical value of the carrier level U _{ps (np)} SS voltage (TM) U _{ps (np) (t)} normalized by the nominal _gvyh.1 δ (U _n) and two alternative δ _{gvyh .2} (U _tf ), δ out of ₃ (U _tf ) calibration RPM of the RPM as functions of the carrier level of the U _{tf of a} quasi-harmonic test signal of class A3E or F3E at the RPM antenna input

эталонных односигнальных режимах градуировки (ОРГ), аналогичных в основном трем ОРК РПМ; при этом за измеренное на этапе ДОК значение уровня несущей ПС (НП) U_док=U_пс(нп) принимают то значение уровня тест-сигнала U_тс, при котором измеренное на этапе ДОК значение нормированного уровня δ_вых.1, δ_вых.2, δ_вых.3 совпадает с нормированной градуировочной АХ δ_гвых.1 (U_тс), δ_гвых.2 (U_тс), δ_гвых.3 (U_тс) на ее монотонно изменяющемся участке (при 1<δ_вых.1<δ_{вых.1.mах}; 1>δ_вых.2>δ_вых.2.min; 1>δ_вых.3>δ_вых.3.min), т.е.obtained previously (before the start of the MLC) when calibrating the AX RPM in three

reference single-signal graduation modes (ORG), similar to basically three ORC RPM; at the same time, the value of the test signal level U _tc , at which the value of the normalized level δ _{output 1} , δ _{output 2} , measured at the DOK stage, is taken as the value of the PS (NP) carrier level measured at the DOK stage U _doc = U _{ps (np)} , δ _out.3 coincides with the normalized calibration AH δ _{guy 1} (U _tf ), δ _{guf 2} (U _tf ), δ _{guf. 3} (U _tf ) in its monotonously varying section (for 1 <δ out ₁ < δ _{output 1.max} ; 1> δ _{output 2} > δ _{output 2.min} ; 1> δ _{output 3} > δ _{output 3.min} ), i.e.

where U _rpd.1 / U _rpd.2 - the ratio of the levels of the carrier U _rpd.1 , U _{rpd.2 of the} output RF signal u _rpd (t) RPD - source PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) in the 1st and 2nd ORC RPM;

δ _out.1.max - the maximum value of the ratio δ _out.1 on the upper flat section of the normalized standard AX δ _out.1 (U _ps ) as a function of the level of the carrier PS U _ps ;

δ _out.2.min << 1, δ _out.3.min << 1 - the minimum value of the ratio δ _out.2 , δ _out.3 on the lower flat section of the normalized alternative _AC RPM δ _out.2 (U _ps ), δ _out.3 (U _ps ) as functions of the level of the carrier PS U _ps ;

Further, the calculated value of U _doc = U _{doc 1} ≈ U _{doc. 3 is} used to quantify the level of the carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} = U _doc on the initial flat or non-monotonously changing section of the alternative calibration AH δ _{dimen. 2} (U _tf )> 1, and the calculated value of U _doc = U _doc . ₂ ≈ U _{doc. 3} - in a monotonously decreasing section of the AX δ _{high 2} (U _tf ) <1;

in a similar way, the confidence limits of the statistical estimation of the measured PS (NP) carrier level are calculated U _{ps (np)} = U _doc , namely, at the intersection of the upper (+) and lower (-) confidence boundaries (3) of the normalized levels δ _out.1 , δ _{out .2} , δ _out.3 with upper (+) and lower (-) confidence limits of the normalized calibration AH δ _{high 1} (U _tf ), δ _{hot 2} (U _tf ), δ _{hot 3} (U _tf ) at U _tf = U _doc , given by general expressions similar to expressions (3);

полезной информационной компоненты аналоговой AM m_пс(нп)(t) либо ЧМ Δf_пс(нп)(t) напряжения ПС (НП) u_пс(нп)(t) (1) определяют заявленным способом по нормированной градуировочной ДХ РПМ δ_гвых.1(М_тс|U_тс) либо δ_гвых.1(Δf_max.тc|U_тc), полученной предварительно как функции коэффициента гармонической AM М_тс либо девиации частоты гармонической ЧМ Δf_max.тc тест-сигнала u_тс(t) (4) при фиксированном уровне несущей тест-сигнала U_тс=U_док как параметра указанных ДХ;amplitude value of coefficient AM M _{ps (np)} or FM frequency deviation

useful information component of analog AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) is determined by the claimed method according to the normalized calibration DX RPM δ _{guig. 1} (M _tf | U _tf ) or δ _{dec. 1} (Δf _max.tc | U _tc ), previously obtained as a function of the harmonic coefficient AM M _tf or frequency deviation of the harmonic FM Δf _max.tc test signal u _tf (t) ( 4) at a fixed level of the carrier of the test signal U _tc = U _doc as a parameter of the indicated DC;

at the same time, for the quantitative value of the coefficient AM M _doc or the FM frequency deviation Δf _max.dock measured at the DOK stage, then the value of the harmonic FM coefficient M _tc or the harmonic FM frequency deviation Δf _{max.tc of the} test signal u _tc (t) is _taken (4 ), at which the measured value of the normalized level δ _{output 1} coincides with the calibration _DF δ _{high 1} (M _tf | U _doc ) or δ _{hot 1} (Δf _max.tf | U _doc ), i.e.

используют для определения на ЭВМ ЛА или ИВК эффективного значения (уровня) m_{опк.док}, Δf_{опк.док} остаточной паразитной компоненты (опк) AM m_пс(нп)(t) либо ЧМ

напряжения ПС (НП) u_пс(нп)(t) (1) с учетом паразитного, вносимого РПМ амплитудного m_вш(t) либо фазового φ_вш(t) НЧ-шума по выражениямthen the measured values of M _doc , Δf _max.doc and the normalized level δ _out.3 <1 /

used to determine the effective value (level) m _opt.doc , Δf _{opt.doc of} residual parasitic component (opt) AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM

voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) taking into account spurious introduced RPM amplitude m _w (t) or phase φ _w (t) low-frequency noise according to the expressions

after which they evaluate by expert methods or automatically on a computer the correspondence of the carrier level U _doc , amplitude values M _doc , Δf _{max.doc of} useful information components and levels m _opt.doc , Δf _{opt.doc of} residual parasitic components AM m _{ps (np )} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) the requirements of the technical documentation.

на этапе ДОК выполняют согласно предложенным техническим решениям по рациональному выбору используемых технических средств, параметров и режимов их работы в трех (n=0, 1, 2) ОРК РПМ в следующей последовательности:2.3. Salient features of the claimed method is also that a quantitative instrumental assessment of the level of the carrier PS (NP)

at the PKD stage, according to the proposed technical solutions for the rational selection of the used technical means, parameters and modes of their operation in three (n = 0, 1, 2) ORC RPMs, in the following sequence:

(a) at the beginning of the initial (n = 0) ARC, they include an on-board RPM at the selected operating letter frequency f _rpm ≈ f _{ps (np)} in the radio reception mode of input RF signals (PS, NP) of class A3E or F3E, set automatically on a computer or manually by the manual gain control (RRU) maximum RPM gain with the noise suppressor (PS) turned off by the RPM of the on-board radio station, and the manual volume control (RRG) by the nominal level (effective value) specified in the TD U _{output ns} of the natural low-frequency noise _vyh.0 u (t) to the telephone output RPM in the absence of the selected working frequency f RPM _RPM input RF signals (PS, TM, and other internal and external RFI) and acoustic noise LA unacceptable levels measured integral or service voltmeter and register by means of magnetic registration or an aircraft computer the current values of the level U _{output 0} (t) of the low-frequency noise voltage RPM u _{output 0} (t) for 3 ... 5 seconds no more with a sample size of N ₀ >> 1 and a sampling frequency of F ₀ ≤100 Hz;

(b) to ensure the required 1st and 2nd ORC RPMs, they include (install) the appropriate operating modes of the airfield or airborne RPD source of the PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t), alternately at the commands of the operator of the RPM or automatically computer, (1) ) at the operating letter frequency f _rpd , selected from the conditions of coincidence of the main or secondary radiation of the RPM with the main channel for receiving RPM at the working letter frequency f _rpm , measure the built-in voltmeter RPD and document the levels of the carrier U _RPD.1 , U _{RPD.2 of the} output RF voltage u _RPD (t) of the main radiation of the RPD in the 1st and 2nd modes of radio transmission; if necessary, turn on and off the commands of the RPM operator or automatically computer the attenuation of the built-in discretely adjustable attenuators RPD and RPM; the moments of turning on and off the operating modes of the onboard RPM and RPD and the attenuation of the attenuators of the RPM and RPD are recorded on board the aircraft in the form of one-time commands;

и частотой выборки <100 Гц;(c) during operation of the RPD - the source of the PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) in the 1st and 2nd modes of radio transmission, adjust the frequency of the RPM or RPD, if provided for in the TD, according to the maximum the level of the output low-frequency voltage PS (NP) U _{output 1} (t) in the 1st ORC RPM and the minimum level of voltage low-frequency noise U _{output 2} (t) in the 2nd ORC RPM after the end of transient processes in a closed system AGC RPM, and then measured with a voltmeter in the 1st ORK and a millivoltmeter in the 2nd ORK and recorded with the on-board or service recorder of the aircraft the current values of the level U _{output. 1} (t) of the low-voltage PS (NP) and _{output 1} (t) in the 1st ORC and the level U _{output 2} (t) of the applied RPM low-frequency noise u _{output 2} (t) in the 2nd ORC for no more than 3 ... 5 seconds with the sample size

and sampling rate <100 Hz;

then they turn off automatically or at the commands of the operator of the RPM the radio emission of the RPD - the source of the PS (NP) and, depending on the technical capabilities of the onboard computers of the aircraft and their software, perform secondary processing of the measured levels U _output.n (t) (n = 0, 1, 2) according to expressions (2), (3), (5) - (7) in flight in real or near real time, either on an aerodrome computer or on a programmable calculator, after the flight is completed.

2.4. Significant distinguishing features of the claimed method is that the calibration of the AX of an onboard RPM with a telephone output is performed previously (before the start of the MLC) in laboratory-bench conditions before installing the RPM on the aircraft or after dismantling the RPM from the aircraft, or as part of the aircraft at aerodrome conditions, using a PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) as a source, a service simulator or a programmable standard signal generator (GSS) that generates a calibrated test signal u _tc (t) (4) with an adjustable level at the RPM antenna input carrier U _are in the range of 65 ... 70 dB relative to the nominal threshold voltage sensitivity RPM noise _por.nsch U, with the carrier frequency f _are coincident or near the working lettered frequency f RPM _RPM, and with adjustable gain values of M _are harmonic AM m _are ( t) or frequency deviation Δf _{max.tc of the} harmonic FM Δf _tf (t);

at the same time, calibration of the AC RPM in three single-signal calibration modes (ORG), which are similar mainly to the three ORCs at the PKD stage, is performed according to the proposed technical solutions for the rational selection of the used technical means, their parameters and operating modes in the following order:

(a) at the beginning of the initial (n = 0) preparatory ORG, they include RPMs in the normal mode of radio reception of input RF signals (PS, NP) of class A3E or F3E at the selected (assigned) working letter frequency f _rpm ≈ f _tf , set automatically or manually by the RRU body the maximum possible amplification of the RPM by its low-frequency telephone output when the RP RPM is switched off on-board PC, and by the RRG organ is the nominal (effective value) specified in the TD U _output voltage of the RPM low-noise noise u _high.0 (t) at off test signal simulator u _tf (t) (4); measure the built-in or external voltmeter current values of the level U _Гvy.0 (t) of the low-frequency noise voltage of the RPM u _Гive.0 (t) and record these computer values with a sample size of N ₀ >> 1 and a sampling frequency of F ₀ ≤100 Hz;

(с немодулированной несущей U_тс); последовательно устанавливают дискретные значения уровня несущей тест-сигнала U_тс в пределах от начального значения, равного номинальной пороговой чувствительности РПМ по напряжению шума U_пор.нш, до значений, превышающих уровень шума U_пор.нш на 65…70 дБ, сначала с шагом 3…5 дБ до значений 20…25 дБ, а затем с шагом 10…15 дБ до значений 65…70 дБ, одновременно измеряют вольтметром в 1-м ОРГ и милливольтметром во 2-м ОРГ и регистрируют сервисными средствами магнитной регистрации или ЭВМ текущие значения уровней выходного НЧ-напряжения РПМ U_гвых.1(t) в 1-м ОРГ и U_гвых.2(t) во 2-м ОРГ при каждом установленном уровне несущей тест-сигнала U_тс;(b) in the 1st (n = 1) full-time RPM ORG include a service simulator or GSS at the selected RPM operating frequency f _rpm ≈ f _tf , in the test signal generation mode u _tf (t) (4) with a harmonic coefficient M _tf AM m _tf (t) or with frequency deviation Δf _{max.tc of the} harmonic FM Δf _tf (t) of the test signal u _tf (t) (4), simulating the PS (NP) u _{ps (ns)} (t) (1) in The 1st (n = 1) full-time RPM ORC, and in the 2nd (n = 2) alternative RPM ORG - in the test signal generation mode u _tf (t) (4) without useful harmonic AM m _tf (t) either World Cup

(with unmodulated carrier U _tf ); sequentially set the discrete values of the level of the test signal carrier U _tf in the range from the initial value equal to the nominal threshold sensitivity of the RPM in terms of noise voltage U _por.nsh , to values exceeding the noise level U _por.nsh by 65 ... 70 dB, first with step 3 ... 5 dB to values of 20 ... 25 dB, and then with a step of 10 ... 15 dB to values of 65 ... 70 dB, simultaneously measure with a voltmeter in the 1st ORG and a millivoltmeter in the 2nd ORG and record the current values with magnetic recording or computer services RPM output low-voltage voltage levels _{Uigue 1} (t) in the 1st ORG and _Uout.2 (t) in the 2nd ORG at each set test signal carrier level U _tf ;

(c) after which they turn off the service simulator or GSS and proceed to the statistical processing of the on-board or airfield computer of the current values of the RPM low-voltage levels U _Гvy.n (t) measured in three (n = 0, 1, 2) ORGs, while is calculated by standard methods for each established level carrier signal U test values _are averaged levels _gvyh.0 U, U _gvyh.1 (U _n), U _gvyh.2 (U _n) and their standard deviations ΔU _gvyh.0, ΔU _{gvyh. 1} (U _tf ), ΔU _{fast 2} (U _tc ), and then normalized average levels U _{hot 1} (U _tf ), U _{hot 2} (U _tc ) and standard deviations ΔU _{fast 0} , ΔU _{fast 1} ( U _tf ), ΔU _{high 2} (U _tf ) relative to the nominal level of low-frequency noise U _{output n} ≈ U _{high 0} , set at the beginning of the initial (n = 0) ORG and refined based on the calculation results of the average level of intrinsic low-frequency noise of the RPM _{Uqual. 0} , while the values of normalized (dimensionless) averaged levels are calculated and recorded by airborne or airfield means

normalized (dimensionless) standard deviations

confidence limits (x) a statistical estimation of the Gaussian approximation of the averaged normalized levels _gvyh.n δ (U _n); n = 1, 2, 3, with a guaranteed probability of their reliable (correct) assessment of at least 0.997:

(d) the values of the normalized levels are δ _guig1 (U _tf ), δ _guig2 (U _tf ), δ _guig.3 (U _tf ) and their confidence limits calculated from the general expressions (8), (9) are recorded airfield or on-board computers in the form of two-dimensional arrays of numerical data, display these data on the computer monitor screen in the form of graphs of normalized calibration AX RPMs δ _{guig. 1} (U _tf ), δ _{guig. 2} (U _tf ), δ _{guig. 3} (U _tf ) and their confidence limits on a double logarithmic scale as functions of the level of the test signal carrier U _tc , document these graphs in the form of their printouts on paper with a computer printer, and then use them at the PKD RPM stage to quantify the energy parameters of the voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) according to the results of measurements at the DOK stage of normalized levels δ _{output 1} , δ _{output 2} , δ _{output 3} and their confidence limits according to the algorithms of clause 2.2 and clause 2.3;

выполняют в 1-м ОРГ РПМ дополнительно измерение, регистрацию, статистическую обработку и нормировку текущих эффективных значений (уровней) выходного НЧ-напряжения РПМ U_гвых.1(t) в 1-м штатном ОРГ РПМ при нескольких (не менее пяти-семи) фиксированных значениях коэффициента гармонической AM М_тс либо девиации частоты гармонической ЧМ Δf_max.тc тест-сигнала u_тс(t) (4) с шагом не более 15…20% от максимальных эксплуатационных значений М_тс, Δf_max.тc до 15…20% от этих значений и далее с шагом 2,5…5% до 0,5…1% включительно при всех значениях уровня несущей тест-сигнала U_тс, указанных в п. 2.4(б); после чего приступают к обработке результатов измерений по выражениям (8), (9) на ЭВМ с монитором и принтером; при этом сначала по графикам нормированных градуировочных АХ РПМ δ_гвых.1(U_тс|М_тс) либо δ_гвых.1(U_тc|Δf_max.тc) определяют их значения при фиксированном значении уровня несущей тест-сигнала U_тс=U_док, а затем используют вычисленные значения АХ δ_гвых.1(U_док|М_тс), δ_гвых.1(U_док|Δf_mах.тс) в качестве фиксированных значений нормированной градуировочной ДХ РПМ(e) to provide a quantitative estimate of the amplitude values of the useful information component AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) according to the normalized calibration DX RPM δ _{high 1} (M _tf | U _doc ) either

perform in the 1st RPM ORG additionally measure, register, statistically process and normalize the current effective values (levels) of the RPM output low-voltage U _{Uvy 1} (t) in the 1st _full -time RPM ORG with several (at least five to seven) fixed values of the harmonic coefficient AM M _tf or deviation of the frequency of the harmonic FM Δf _max.tc test signal u _tf (t) (4) in increments of no more than 15 ... 20% of the maximum operational values of M _tf , Δf _max.tc up to 15 ... 20 % of these values and then in increments of 2.5 ... 5% to 0.5 ... 1% inclusive for all values of the test signal carrier level U _tc specified in clause 2.4 (b); then proceed to the processing of the measurement results by the expressions (8), (9) on a computer with a monitor and printer; first, according to the graphs of the normalized calibration AX RPMs, _{δhigh 1} (U _tf | M _tf ) or δ _{guf. 1} (U _tc | Δf _max.tc ) determine their values for a fixed value of the test signal carrier level U _tf = U _doc , and then use the calculated values of AH δ _dgvyh.1 (U _doc | M _tf ), δ _dnhh1 (U _dok | Δf _max.tf ) as fixed values of the normalized calibration DX RPM

as a function of the harmonic coefficient AM M _tf or deviation of the frequency of the harmonic FM Δf _{max.tc of the} test signal u _tf (t) (4) at a fixed level of its carrier U _tf = U _doc as a DX parameter (10), and then use the normalized calibration DX δ _dw . ₁ (M _tf | U _doc ) or δ _{dw. 1} (Δf _max.tf | U _doc ) to determine the amplitude values of the useful information component and the effective values (levels) of the residual spurious component AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) according to expressions (6), (7) and the algorithms of subsection 2.2.

находилось на монотонно убывающем участке нормированной альтернативной градуировочной АХ δ_гвых.2(U_тс)>0,002…0,003; после чего новое значение несущей ПС (НП)

в децибелах (дБ) увеличивают на фактическую величину затухания δ_атт в децибелах (дБ), т.е. принимают, что2.5. The salient features of the claimed method is that in the case when the measured values of the normalized levels are δ _out.2. , δ _out.3 defined by the general expressions (2), are simultaneously on the lower flat sections of the normalized alternative AH δ _out.2 (U _{ps (np)} ) and δ _out.3 (U _{ps (np)} ), then repeat the DLC process RPM in the 1st and 2nd ORCs with the attenuation of the built-in discretely adjustable RF attenuator RPM and, if this is not enough, a similar RPD attenuator - PS (NP) source, while the actual total attenuation δ _{att of} these attenuators in the 1st and the 2nd ORC RPM at the stage of repeated measurements set so that the new calculated value of the level of the carrier (NP)

was in a monotonously decreasing section of the normalized alternative calibration AH δ _{dime 2} (U _tf )> 0.002 ... 0.003; then the new value of the carrier PS (NP)

in decibels (dB), the attenuation δ _att in decibels (dB) is increased by the actual attenuation, i.e. accept that

A significant difference of the claimed method is also that the use of normalized levels of δ _{output 1} , δ _output 2, δ _{output 3} (2) and normalized calibration _AC and _DC given by the general expressions (8) and (10), respectively, allows to weaken the influence on the results of the DLC and calibration of the AC RPM of various kinds of long-term destabilizing effects and factors, including climatic effects on the on-board RPM in the composition of the aircraft, aging and degradation of the parameters of the electrical radio elements (ERE) of the input functional devices of the RPM as they develop their life during testing and operation of the aircraft , long-term instability of the nominal noise figure F _ns (U _in ) and gain K _ns (U _in ) of the input RF noise voltage RPM u _ss (t) by the telephone output of the RPM, depending on the carrier level of the input RF signal of the RPM (PS, NP ) U _in during operation of the closed-loop AGC system and technical means of amplitude limiting the input FM signal (PS or NP) u _in (t) in the RPM, which ensures high long-term the stability and repeatability of the results of the RPM RPM as part of an aircraft in ground and flight conditions and the calibration of normalized AC RPMs in laboratory-bench conditions before installing RPMs on an aircraft or after dismantling an RPM from the aircraft.

According to the set of essential features set out in subsections 2.2-2.5 above, the claimed method has no direct analogues among the known single-signal direct and indirect methods of measuring the energy parameters of the voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) at the antenna input of the RPM measuring general and special (service) purpose equipment, such as measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers, proposed in the patents [3-6], and among the known methods for measuring RPM parameters described in NTD and TD [1, 7-9].

2.6. The possibility of practical implementation of the claimed method is repeatedly confirmed by the results of real-life RPM tests with the telephone output of serial samples of airborne radio stations and airborne radio- _{electronic equipment} consisting of several types of aircraft by EMC and is explained from physical considerations and theoretical analysis by the fact that normalized levels are _δout.2 , _δout.3 voltage u _output.2 (t) of the introduced RPM low-frequency noise at the telephone output of the RPM in the 2nd ORC are unambiguous monotonic functions of the carrier level PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} (1) in the dynamic range of carrier levels U _{ps (np)} usually reaching 50 ... 55 dB relative to the nominal threshold sensitivity of the RPM by the RF noise voltage U _{por. ns} in the passband of the RPM by the telephone output ≤3.5 kHz. If necessary, the dynamic range of measurements of the carrier levels U _{ps (np) by the} claimed method can be expanded by 40 ... 50 (up to 95 ... 100 dB) when the attenuation of the built-in discretely adjustable attenuators of the RPM and RPD source is turned on in the 1st and 2nd ORC RPM PS (NP).

These statements confirm the graphs of normalized calibration amplitude characteristics (AX) (8) in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and the detector characteristic (DX) (10) in FIG. 5, obtained according to the results of the calibration of normalized AC RPM serial on-board MV radio station "Baklan" of the claimed method.

3. The list of drawings

3.1. The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by the attached FIG. 1-5.

FIG. 1. Typical structural diagram of an airborne or airborne-airborne measuring and computing complex (IVK), which provides an operational instrumental assessment of the power parameters of the PS and NP at the RPM antenna input with a telephone output as part of the aircraft in ground and flight conditions during additional operational control (DOK) RPM.

FIG. 2. Typical block diagram of an aerodrome or airborne-on-board IVC, which provides calibration of the normalized AX of an on-board RPM with a telephone output.

FIG. 3. The normalized calibration _{AHs are} δ _{guoy 1} (U _tf ) (curve 18), δ _{guig 2} (U _tf ) (curve 19) and δ _{guig 3} (U _tf ) (curve 20) RPM of the serial on-board MB radio station Cormorant ”on a double logarithmic scale, calculated by the expressions (8), as a function of the level of the test signal carrier U _tf .

FIG. 4. The family of normalized calibration AH δ _{dimes. 1} (U _tf | M _tf ) (curves 18, 19, 23-27), including the standard AH δ _{df. 1} (U _tf ) = δ _bout.1 (U _tf | M _tf) = 0.9) (curve 18) and the alternative AX δ _{guig. 2} (U _tf ) = δ _{guig. 1} (U _tf | M _tf = 0) (curve 19), RPM of the Baklan on-board MB radio in the double logarithmic scale as functions of the carrier level of the test signal U _tf for fixed values of the harmonic coefficient AM of the test signal M _tf = 0.9, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0 as parameter AX .

FIG. 5. Normalized calibration characteristic of the detector ( _LF ) δ _{hot 1} (M _tf | U _doc ) (curve 28) RPM of the onboard Baklan MV radio station on a logarithmic scale along the ordinate axis and on a linear scale along the abscissa axis as a function of harmonic coefficient AM test signal M _tf for a fixed value of the level of the carrier of the test signal U _tf = U _doc = 500 μV as a parameter of the DC.

этого напряжения.On the ordinate axis of the graphs of FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, the values (points) of the normalized (dimensionless) levels δ _{output 2} , δ _{output 3} and δ _{output 1} , measured by the claimed method in the 1st and 2nd ORCs at the stage of the RPM RPM, are plotted, and horizontal lines are drawn through these points 21, 22, and 29, the intersection of which with the normalized calibration AX RPMs is _δvyh.2 (U _tf ) (curve 19), _{δthyh is 3} (U _tf ) (curve 20) and with _{DC δhyhh is 1} (M _tf | U _tf ) (curve 28) allows us to determine, in the claimed way, the quantitative value of the level of the carrier U _dock voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) and the amplitude value of the coefficient M _dock useful information component analog AM

this stress.

3.2. The composition of the airborne or airborne-airborne CPI of FIG. 1, which provides the operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of the PS (NP) voltage u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) at the antenna input of the onboard RPM as part of the aircraft in ground and flight conditions, in the typical case, in the typical case, include:

a receiving antenna 1 connected by the AFT 2 RF connectors through a matching device to the antenna input of the on-board RPM 3;

built-in on-board or service voltmeter 4a and / or millivoltmeter 4b (for example, a service voltmeter of type B3-10 and millivoltmeters of type B3-41, B3-42 or small-sized digital multimeters of the type APRA-301, APRA-302 or the like) to measure the effective the values (level) of the output low-frequency voltage of the RPM u _output.n (t) in three (n = 0, 1, 2) ORC RPM;

built-in on-board or service technical means of magnetic recording of 5 current values of the levels U _output.n (t) of the output low-frequency voltage RPM u _output.p (t) in three (n = 0, 1, 2) ORC RPM;

ОРК РПМ, вычисление нормированных усредненных уровней δ_вых.1, δ_вых.2, δ_вых.3 (2) и их доверительных границ (3) и определение путем графических построений или графо-аналитически на ЭВМ основных энергетических параметров напряжения ПС (НП) u_пс(нп)(t) (1) по вычисленным значениям уровней δ_вых.1, δ_вых.2, δ_вых.3 и нормированным градуировочным АХ и ДХ РПМ, полученным заявленным способом предварительно с использованием ИВК фиг. 2 по выражениям (8) и (10);built-in on-board or service computing tools 6 (a computer or a programmable microcalculator) that provide statistical processing over time of the current values of the low-frequency voltage levels U _output.n (t), measured in three

ORM RPM, calculation of normalized averaged levels δ _{output 1} , δ _output 2, δ _{output 3} (2) and their confidence limits (3) and determination of the main energy parameters of the voltage PS (NP) by graphical constructions or graphically analytically on a computer u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) according to the calculated values of the levels δ _{output 1} , δ _{output 2} , δ _{output 3} and normalized calibration AX and RP RPM obtained by the claimed method previously using the CPI of FIG. 2 by expressions (8) and (10);

built-in on-board or service technical tool 7 of the type of a multifunctional indicator (MFI) of an aircraft or a service computer monitor 6 for displaying on the screen of an MFI or computer monitor graphs of normalized calibration AC and DC RPMs and the results of determining the energy parameters of the HF voltage of the PS (NP) from the calculated normalized values levels δ _{output 1} , δ _{output 2} , δ _{output 3} ;

built-in on-board or service equipment of type 8 removable non-volatile storage device (flash cards) for accumulating the results of calculation of normalized levels δ _{output 1} , δ _{output 2} , δ _{output 3} , normalized calibration _AC and _DC RPM and results of determination of PS energy parameters ( NP);

service tool 9 of the type of a printer or computer plotter 6 for documentation in the form of graphs on paper of calibration AX and DC RPMs, the results of the calculation of normalized levels δ _{output 1} , δ _{output 2} , δ _{output 3} and energy parameters of voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1);

ground or airborne RPD 10 - voltage source PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) for RPM 3 connected by the AFT 11 RF connector to the transmitting antenna 12;

built-in or service voltmeter 13 for measuring the level of the RF voltage of the main radiation of the RPD 10 at the input of the AFT 11 in the 1st and 2nd ORC RPM;

on-off switch 14 for zeroing the modulating voltage at the signal input of the amplitude or frequency modulator of the RPD 10 in order to minimize the influence of conductive low-frequency interference and powerful acoustic noise of the aircraft on the levels of the residual spurious component of the AM and FM radio waves of the RPD with an unmodulated carrier in the 2nd alternative RPM of the RPM;

external or service source 15 of the modulating voltage for RPD 10 in the normal mode of emission of class A3E or F3E with the required parameters of useful information AM or FM in the 1st ORM RPM (as an option - a microphone or laryngophone of the RPD operator when modulating with voice at a fast count of 1, 2 , 3, 4, etc. within a few seconds).

The composition of the CPI of FIG. 2, providing the calibration of the normalized AX of the on-board RPM 3, includes the same functional devices 3–9, 13–15 as in the CPI of FIG. 1, and optionally:

service simulator 16 or, as an option, programmed GSS generating a calibrated test signal u _tf (t) (4) at the RPM antenna input with adjustable (programmable) carrier level U _tf and harmonic AM or FM parameters in the required ranges of their changes;

calibrated RF cable 17 with an RF connector for connecting a service simulator or GSS 16 to the RPM 3 antenna input.

3.3. Below is a summary of the typical functional composition of the on-board RPM 3 as part of the IVC of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 for the main most complex version of the hardware implementation of the claimed method in a superheterodyne RPM of an onboard DKMV or MB radio station of an aircraft.

In this case, the source of the substation at the antenna input of the analyzed RPM 3 of one of the aircraft’s onboard radio stations is the airfield of the airfield DKMV- or MV-radio station of the air traffic control command and control center (KDP) on the routes and in the flight zones of the aircraft or the RPD of the airborne DKMV- or MB-radio station of another Aircraft with which the on-board RPM operator established and maintains two-way radio communication at the designated DOC stage at designated letter frequencies in the DKMV or MB band, and the source of the NP is RPD of all other radio stations of the aircraft, KDP and other aircraft operating simultaneously or in combination with the analyzed RPM in matching or adjacent ranges of CB, DKMV, MB or UHF.

In a typical case, the radio reception path (RPM) of an aircraft's on-board radio station (from its high-frequency antenna input to the low-frequency telephone output, inclusive) in the normal mode of radio emission of class A3E or F3E includes:

amplifiers and frequency converters of input RF signals (PS, NP) at high (RF) and nonzero intermediate (IF) frequencies;

ordinary (non-synchronous) semiconductor or transistor amplitude detector (AM) or a similar differentiating type frequency detector (BH), providing linear detection of the converted voltage of the SS (NP) of class A3E or F3E (without using an auxiliary reference signal for synchronous detection of the PS (NP) with AM either FM and for restoration of the carrier PS (NP) with single-band AM) or software that implements the detection processes in these RPM detectors with digital signal processing;

linear VLF with AGC, providing amplification of the output low-frequency voltage HELL u _hell (t) or BH u _hh (t), and a noise suppressor (PS) at the telephone output of the RPM, providing attenuation by 20 ... 30 dB of the voltage of own low-frequency noise in the absence of and with a weak low-voltage PS (NP) at the telephone output RPM;

, обеспечивающие в итоге эффективную стабилизацию уровней полезных звуковых сигналов в наушниках авиагарнитуры оператора РПМ во всех ожидаемых условиях испытаний и эксплуатации ЛА;system of delayed-amplified automatic gain control (AGC) of RPM on HF, IF and LF in normal modes of radiation reception of class A3E or F3E and technical means of amplitude limitation in RPM of FM voltage PS (NP)

ultimately ensuring effective stabilization of the levels of useful audio signals in the headphones of the airborne RPM operator in all the expected testing and operating conditions of the aircraft;

combined synthesizer of discrete letter frequencies of RPD and heterodyne RF and IF signals of RPM with quartz frequency stabilization.

3.4. Normal operation of the on-board radio as part of the IVC of FIG. 1 at the stages of preparation and implementation of the PKD RPM provide:

combined transceiver antenna 1 connected by RF connectors of the antenna-feeder path (AFT) 2 through a matching device with the RPM 3 antenna input in normal radio reception modes and with the RPD output of a radio station in standard radio emission modes of class A3E or F3E;

combined remotely controlled attenuator with discretely controlled attenuation, turned on at the RPM antenna input when the radio is in normal radio reception mode and with RPD output in normal radio transmission modes;

electronic remotes and organs (knobs, buttons) for remote control of parameters and operating modes of RPM and RPD (their operating letter frequency, type of modulation, manual gain control (RPM) of RPM and / or volume (RRG) on the telephone low-frequency output of RPM, etc. );

built-in monitoring system (VSC) of operability of RPM and RPD of a radio station when the radio is in the "Control" mode;

devices for interfacing an on-board radio station with on-board and service electronic systems for recording, accumulating, processing and displaying measuring information on the technical condition of RPM and RPD radio stations and with on-board on-board means of electronic, sound and light indication and alarm of aircraft, which are very diverse and require clarification for each a specific type of radio station;

push switches (tangents) located on the control levers of the aircraft in the cockpit and providing when they are pressed, turn on the RPD radio station in the selected mode of radio transmission of class A3E or F3E ("telephony" with two-band analog AM or FM) when modulating the main radiation of the RPD with an audio signal ( voice), and when they are depressed, turn off the radio emission of the RPD and turn on the RPM in the normal mode of radio reception of radiation of class A3E or F3E; low-resistance or high-resistance headphones of the aircraft crew headset, connected directly to the RPM telephone output or via an airborne intercom (SPU) for listening and organoleptic assessment of the levels and quality (intelligibility) of sound signals (speech) in points using a five-point system;

airborne laryngophones, which are the source of modulating low-frequency voltage for the amplitude or frequency modulator of the RPD in the modes of radio transmission of radiation of class A3E or F3E when the main radiation of the RPD is modulated by the sound signal (voice) of the on-board radio station operator.

All of the above technical means of the onboard RPM, the associated electronic and service equipment of the aircraft, and the aerodrome or onboard RPD source of the PS (NP) provide, in combination, in the composition of the CPI of FIG. 1 and the CPI of FIG. 2 implementation (implementation) of the proposed technical solutions for the rational selection of the used technical means, parameters and modes of their operation at the stages of the RCM RPM and calibration of normalized AC RPM by the claimed method and the solution of the problem - operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of the PS and NP at the RPM antenna input based on other radio engineering principles, technical solutions and means than in the known methods [3-6], namely, according to the results of measurement, registration, statistical processing and normalization of the effective values (levels) of the low-frequency voltage u out. ₁ (t), u _{out. 2} (t) at the RPM telephone output in the 1st and 2nd RPM ORCs, due to the useful information component AM or FM FS voltage (PS) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) at the RPM antenna input in 1- m ORK and, accordingly, parasitic, introduced by the RPM amplitude or phase LF noise, which is a source of useful information about the parameters of the PS (NP) at the antenna input of the RPM, without involving for this purpose a measuring app general and special (service) purposes such as measuring antennas, measuring receivers or spectrum analyzers and without violating the functional and constructive integrity of the RPM and its AFT as part of the aircraft when the measurement equipment is connected directly to the AFT after disconnecting the AFT RF connector from the RPM antenna input.

4. Disclosure and implementation of the claimed invention

4.1. To disclose the essence of the claimed invention and the theoretical justification for the possibility of its practical implementation on the basis of other radio engineering principles, technical solutions and means than in measuring equipment such as measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers for general and special (service) purposes, it should be noted that the real RF input signal u _input (t) of the on-board RPM in the normal mode of PS (NP) radio reception u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) without useful information AM or FM in the 2nd ORC is an additive mixture of the quasi-harmonic RF voltage of the PS (NP)

заявленным способом.with the level of the unmodulated carrier U _{ps (np)} , the frequency of the carrier f _{ps (np)} , the initial phase φ ₀ and low levels of the residual spurious component (opt) of the analog AM m _opk (t) << 1 and FM φ _opk (t) << 1 and the voltage of the broadband intrinsic RF noise of the RPM u _ssh (t) (thermal, shot, noise distribution, and other passive and active radio electronic elements (ERE) of the input functional devices of the on-board RPM), brought to its antenna input and manifesting themselves in the process of preliminary and primary processing of the voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (12) in the RPM in the form of spurious, introduced RPM amplitude m _w (t) and phase φ _w (t) low-frequency noise, and the effective values (levels) of these noise at the telephone RPM output uniquely and monotonically depends on the carrier level U _{ps (np)} voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) and, as a result, are a source of useful information about the carrier level PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} in the operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of PS (NP)

the claimed method.

The real input RPM signal RPM u _in (t) = u _{ps (np)} (t) + u _ss (t) in the 2nd ORC can be represented as a single quasiharmonic signal

и фазового φ_вш(t) НЧ-шумов, обусловленных в основном собственными ВЧ-шумами u_сш(t) входных функциональных устройств РПМ.which, in the general case, differs from the HF voltage of the PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (12) by the level of the carrier U _in > U _{ps (np)} and additionally by the presence of spurious introduced RPM amplitude

_VSH and phase φ (t) LF noise due mostly own RF noise _cw u (t) input RPM functional devices.

In the process of preliminary and primary processing (amplification and frequency conversion) of the input signal u _in (t) (13) in the RPM on the HF and nonzero IF amplitude spectra of the introduced AS m m _int (t) and FS φ _int (t) and residual spurious component AM m _OPK (t) and FM φ _OPK (t) of the PS (NP) voltage u _{ps (np)} (t) (12) are subjected to mainly linear filtering within the passband of the output (terminal) IF RPM, and then after the amplitude or frequency detecting a converted (pr) RF signal and _u.vx (t) (13) in a conventional (non-synchronous) amplitude detector (HELL) or in a similar frequency detector (BH) of a differentiating type - additional filtering in a linear VLF RPM within the RPM bandwidth by telephone output Δf _rpm.output ≤3.5 kHz.

с нормирующим коэффициентом 2π, т.е. 2π Δf_вш(t)=dφ_вш(t)/dt, а уровни вносимых ЧШ и ФШ в полосе пропускания РПМ по телефонному выходу Δf_{рпм.вых} прямо пропорциональны друг другу.4.2. Using the results of the analysis of the statistical characteristics of the envelope and phase of the additive mixture of a harmonic signal and broadband normal noise, described in the technical literature (for example, in the monograph [10] V. I. Tikhonov. Nonlinear transformations of random processes. - M .: Radio and communication, 1986, p. 35-38 and p. 40, 41), it can be shown that, to a first approximation, when the levels of the unmodulated carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} exceeding the minimum level of the input RF signal of the RPM U _x.min = (3 ... 5) U _por.nsh , parasitic, introduced RPMs ASh m _intrins (t) and FSh φ _ints (t) at the telephone output of the RPMs are equal (in rms), subordinate to the normal probability distribution laws (for introduced ASh m _intrinsics (t) - Rayleigh-Rice distribution), are not correlated at coinciding times, and their rms values (levels) do not exceed 0.1 ... 0.15 (or minus 16 ... 20 dB) and monotonously decrease, tending to zero with an unlimited increase in the level of unmodulated carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} . These regularities subordinate also made by PRM frequency noise (WL) Δf _VS (t), because by definition made by WL _VSH Δf (t) is the first derivative of the insertion PN

with a normalizing coefficient of 2π, i.e. _VSH 2π Δf (t) = dφ _VS (t) / dt, and the levels of FSH and insertion WL passband RPM for telephone output Δf _rpm.vyh directly proportional to each other.

либо ФМ φ_опк(t) входного сигнала АД либо ЧД u_пр.вx(t) при увеличении уровня несущей U_вх входного ВЧ-сигнала РПМ u_вx(t) (13). Фактически диапазон монотонного уменьшения нормированных уровней δ_вых.2(U_вх), δ_вых.3(U_вх) при увеличении уровня немодулированной несущей U_вх ограничен уровнем остаточной паразитной компоненты AM m_опк(t) либо ФМ φ_опк(t) аэродромного или бортового РПД - источника ПС (НП) во 2-м ОРК РПМ.Since the output low-frequency voltage of the RPM u _{output 2} (t) in the 2nd ORC of the RPM is formed in the process of amplitude or frequency detection of the converted quasi-harmonic input signal of the RPM u _pr.input (t) (13) with subsequent amplification and filtering of the output low-frequency HELL voltage u _hell (1) or BH u _hh (t) in a linear VLF with AGC, then the level of the output low-frequency voltage of the RPM U _{output 2} (t) in the 2nd ORC of the RPM is proportional to the total level of the introduced RPM of the ASh m _high (t ) or FS φ _opt (t) and residual parasitic component AM m _opt (t) or FM φ _opt (t) of the input signal HELL or BH u _sp.in (t). As a result of this, the range of monotonous decrease in the normalized levels of δ _{output 2} (U _in ) and δ _{output 3} (U _in ) calculated according to the results of measurement, averaging over time, and normalization of current values of the output low-frequency voltage level of the RPM U _{output 2} (t) in the 2nd ORC, coincides with the range of monotonous decrease in the total level of the introduced RPM ASh m _high (t) or FS φ _high (t) and residual parasitic AM

either FM φ _optic (t) of the BP input signal or BH u _sp.vx (t) with an increase in the carrier level U _{in of the} input RF signal of the RPM u _x (t) (13). In fact, the range of the normalized monotonic decrease levels _chan.2 δ (U _Rin), δ _vyh.3 (U _Rin) by increasing the level of the unmodulated carrier U _Rin limited level of residual parasitic components _MIc AM m (t) or FM _MIc φ (t) or airfield airborne RPD - source PS (NP) in the 2nd ORC RPM.

на телефонном выходе РПМ во 2-м ОРК и ОРГ РПМ обычно не превышают минус 50…55 дБ относительно номинального напряжения усредненного уровня НЧ-шума РПМ U_вых.нш=U_вых.0, установленного на начальном этапе ДОК и градуировки нормированных АХ РПМ (в линейном режиме его работы в отсутствие входного ВЧ-сигнала (U_вх=0) и тест-сигнала (U_тс=0) при воздействии на антенном входе РПМ лишь напряжения ВЧ-шума u_нш(t).According to the requirements of the scientific and technical documentation [7, 8], the maximum permissible relative levels of the residual parasitic component AM and FM (FM) of the RPD of the airborne and airfield PCs and the airfield RNO should not exceed 1% (minus 40 dB). Typically, these requirements are met in practice with a margin of at least 10 ... 15 dB. In addition, the linear VLF with the AGC RPM of the on-board PC partially suppresses the weak RF output signals of the RPM by 20 ... 25 dB, which do not exceed the threshold of operation of the noise suppressor (PN). For these reasons, the actual levels of residual parasitic AM m _opc (t) or FM

at the RPM telephone output in the 2nd ORC and RPM ORGs usually do not exceed minus 50 ... 55 dB relative to the rated voltage of the average level of low-frequency noise of the RPM U _out.nsh = U _out.0 , set at the initial stage of the MLC and calibration of normalized AX RPM ( in its linear mode of operation in the absence of the RF input signal (U _in = 0) and the test signal (U _mc = 0) when exposed to an antenna input RPM only RF voltage noise _NSH u (t).

This is precisely what makes it possible to use the claimed method for measuring the carrier levels U _{ps (np)} of the PS voltage (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1)) that exceed the threshold sensitivity of the RPM U _por.nsh by 55 ... 60 dB. Turning on the attenuation of the onboard RPM attenuators and the airfield or onboard RPD source PS (NP) attenuation in the 1st and 2nd RPM ORCs with discretely controlled attenuation of each attenuator by 20 ... 25 dB and with a total attenuation of 40 ... 50 dB the range of measured PS (NP) carrier levels U _{ps (np)} by 40 ... 50 dB (up to 95 ... 100 dB) in the entire range of operational values of PS (NP) carrier levels U _{ps (np)} . There are also real possibilities for a further increase by 20 ... 25 dB in the range of measured levels of the carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np) of the} claimed method with a decrease in the levels of discrete components of the residual parasitic component AM and FM RPD of aerodrome and airborne radio stations and aerodrome RNOs to technically feasible amplitude levels and phase LF noise of the RPD, not typically exceeding minus 130 ... 140 dB / Hz for amplitude and minus 100 ... 110 dB / Hz for phase LF noise.

4.3. The actual form of the full-time and two alternative normalized calibration AX RPMs δ _{guig 1} (U _tf ) and δ _{guig 2} (U _tf ), δ _{guig 3} (U _tf ) in a typical case can be judged by graphs 18, 19, 20 of FIG. . 3 obtained by calibration by the claimed method according to the algorithms of subsection 2.4 RPM of the serial onboard MB-radio station “Baklan” in the normal mode “telephony” with two-band analog AM in laboratory-bench conditions using the CPI of FIG. 2. On the ordinate axis of graphs 18, 19, 20 of FIG. 3 and graphs 18, 19, 23-27 of FIG. 4, the values of the normalized levels are _measured on a logarithmic scale: δ _{decimal 1} , δ _{decimal 2} , δ _{decimal 3} , calculated according to the general expressions (8) at the nominal level of low-frequency noise of the RPM U _out.nsh ≈ U out. ₀ = 20 V, established at the beginning of the initial (n = 0) RPM RPM, and along the abscissa, the values of the level of the test signal carrier U _tc in microvolts (μV) in the range from 1 μV to 10 mV, exceeding the initial nominal level of intrinsic RF noise of the RPM U _{pore .nsh} ≈ 1 μV at +80 dB (10 ⁴ times).

In FIG. _Figure 4 shows the graphs of the family of standard normalized calibration _AXs δ _{dig. 1} (U _tf | M _tf ) obtained at a nominal level of low-frequency noise of the RPM U _{output nsh} = 30 V for several fixed values of the harmonic coefficient AM of the test signal M _tf with a nominal frequency 1 kHz modulation:

with three characteristic values of the coefficient M _tf : with a typical (reference) operational value of M _tf = 0.9 (graph 18 of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), with the minimum acceptable (nominal) operational value of M _tf = 0.3 (graph 23 Fig. 4) and in the absence of a useful AM M _tc = 0 (graph 19 of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4);

for three intermediate values of the coefficient AM M _mf = 0.2, 0.1, 0.05 (curves 24, 25, 26) and for M _mf = 0.01 (curve 27) near the maximum permissible level of residual parasitic component AM, given in NTD [7, 8].

For the standard δ _{guoy 1} (U _tf ) and two alternative δ _{guig 2} (U _tf ), δ _{guig 3} (U _tf ) normalized calibration AX (curves 18, 19, 20 of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), the characteristic that their initial values at U _mf = 0 are identically equal to 1 regardless of the established initial level of the output low-frequency noise of the RPM U _{output nsh} ≈ U _{output 0} and a monotonous increase in the standard AX δ _{high 1} (U _tf ) for all values of the carrier U _tf in the range from 0 to 18 μV, exceeding the threshold sensitivity of the RPM in noise, U _por.nsh = 1 μV by 25 dB, and for alternative normalized calibration _{AXs, δvyh.2} (U _tf ), δ _guf.3 (U _tf ) - monotonic decrease in the range from U _tf > (2 ... 3) U _por.nsh to values ≈3 mV, i.e. in the range of ≈ 70 dB relative to the nominal threshold sensitivity of the RPM in terms of noise voltage U _por.nsh = 1 μV, which is 45 dB higher than the levels of the test signal carrier U _tf in the range of monotonous changes in the standard calibration AX δ _{decimal 1} (U _tf ).

The confidence limits of the statistical estimate in the Gaussian approximation of the normalized standard _{values are δvyh. 1} (U _tf ) and two alternative _{δhyh. 2} (U _tf ), δ _{guy. 3} (U _tf ) calibration _AC RPM calculated by the expressions (8) at U _tf > 3 ... 5 μV, do not exceed the values 1 ± 3 _{Δδ output nsh} ≈ 1.1 ... 1.3 (or 2 ... 4 dB), where _{Δδ output nsh} ≈ 0.03 ... 0.1 is the normalized standard deviation of the current the values of the level of low-frequency noise U _{o. 0} (t) from its average value U _{o. 0} in the range of operating values of the carrier level U _{ps (np)} voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) exceeding the level RF noise RPM u _ns (t) 3 ... 5 times (10 ... 14 dB).

Thus, graphs 18, 19, 20 of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 normalized standard δ _{guo 1} (U _tf ) and two alternative δ _{guo 2} (U _t ), δ _{gu 3} (U _t ) calibration _AC RPMs confirm the fact of a significant increase (at least up to 50 ... 55 dB) of the upper the boundaries of the range of measured levels of the carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} = U _{tc by the} claimed method when using for this purpose any of the alternative calibration AH δ _{high 2} (U _tf ), δ _{hot 3} (U _tf ) characterizing the functional dependencies normalized voltage levels u _{output 2} (t) of the introduced RPM of the amplitude low-frequency noise at the telephone output of the RPM in the 2nd alternative ORG from the level of the carrier of the test signal U _ts in the 2nd ORM of the RPM.

The inclusion of integrated discretely controlled attenuators of RPM and RPD - PS source (PS) with a total attenuator attenuation of 40 ... 50 dB in the 1st and 2nd RPM RPMs at the PKD stage allows expanding the range of measured PS carrier levels (NP) to 90 ... 100 dB U _{ps (np)} without involving for these purposes measuring antennas, measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers for general and special (service) purposes with the prospect of further increasing the range of measured levels of the carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} by 25 ... 30 dB due to technically realizable reduction of discrete components of the residual spurious component of AM and FM ground and airborne RPD sources PS (NP) to the levels of residual noise component AM and FM.

4.4. For the normalized standard _AC RPM δ _out.1 (U _{ps (np)} ), which reflects the dependence of the normalized level δ _out.1 (2) on the level of the carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} in the 1st ORC RPM, and coincides with of the normalized calibration calibration _curve δ _δout.1 (U _tf ) (8) obtained in the 1st RPM RPM, it is characteristic that their initial values at U _{ps (nf)} = U _tf = 0 are identically equal to 1, and their initial coinciding (within the confidence limits δ _out.1.dg (U _{ps (nf)} ) ≈ δ _out.1.dg (U _tf ) for U _{ps (np)} = U _tf ) the sections are monotonically increasing functions of the PS (NP) carrier level U _{ps (np)} and, accordingly, the carrier level of the test signal U _tf. = U _{ps (np)} .

, а затем совпадающие монотонно убывающие участки указанных АХ δ_вых.2(U_пс(нп)) и δ_гвых.2(U_тс) до минимального значения δ_{вых.2.мин} АХ δ_вых.2(U_пс(нп)) на ее нижнем плоском участке, зависящего от фактического уровня остаточной паразитной компоненты AM либо ФМ напряжения ПС (НП) u_пс(нп)(t) (1) во 2-м ОРК РПМ и превышающего в типовом случае фактический уровень δ_{гвых.2.мин} остаточной паразитной компоненты AM либо ФМ напряжения тест-сигнала u_тс(t) (4) во 2-м ОРГ РПМ. Возможны также случаи, когда совпадающие начальные участки нормированной АХ δ_вых.2(U_пс(нп)) и нормированной градуировочной АХ δ_гвых.2(U_тс) не являются монотонными функциями уровней несущей ПС (НП) U_пс(нп) и тест-сигнала U_тс. При этом указанные АХ сначала монотонно возрастают относительно их начального значения 1, достигают своих максимальных значений δ_{вых.2.мах} ≈ δ_{гвых.2.мах}>1 при некотором значении несущей U_{пс(нп).мax} ≈ U_тс.мах, а затем монотонно убывают, достигают начального значения 1 при U_пс(нп) ≈ U_тс ≈ (3…5) U_пор.нш и стремятся далее к своим минимальным значениям δ_{вых.2.мин} << 1 и δ_{гвых.2.мин} << 1 на нижних плоских участках АХ δ_вых.2(U_пс(нп)) и δ_гвых.2 (U_тс).In contrast, the coinciding initial sections of the normalized alternative AH δ _out.2 (U _{ps (np)} ) in the 2nd ORC RPK and the normalized calibration AH δ _out.2 (U _ts ) in the 2nd ORG RPM are subject to more complex patterns depending on the features of the hardware circuitry or software and algorithmic implementation of the closed-circuit RPM AGC system and the technical means of amplitude limiting the FM voltage of the PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) in the RPM and the modes of their operation. In the typical case shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the normalized AX RPM _{δoutput 2} (U _{ps (np)} ) and the normalized calibration AX RPM _{δoutout 2} (U _tc ) coinciding with it have flat coinciding initial sections at the carrier levels

and then the coinciding monotonically decreasing portions of the indicated AH δ _out.2 (U _{ps (np)} ) and δ _out.2 (U _tf ) to the minimum value of δ _out.2.min AX δ _out.2 (U _{ps (np)} ) on its lower flat section, which depends on the actual level of the residual parasitic component AM or FM voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) in the 2nd ORM RPM and in a typical case exceeds the actual level δ _{decimal. 2. min} residual spurious component AM or FM voltage of the test signal u _tf (t) (4) in the 2nd ORM RPM. There are also cases where the coinciding initial sections of the normalized AH δ _out.2 (U _{ps (np)} ) and the normalized calibration AH δ _out.2 (U _ts ) are not monotonic functions of the levels of the carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} and the test -signal U _tf . Moreover, the indicated AXs first monotonously increase relative to their initial value of 1, reach their maximum values of δ _{ex.2. Max.} ≈ δ _{dec. 2. max} > 1 for a certain value of the carrier U _{ps (np) .max} ≈ U _ts.max , and then they monotonously decrease, reach the initial value of 1 at U _{ps (np)} ≈ U _tf ≈ (3 ... 5) U _por.nsh and then tend to their minimum values δ _ex.2.min << 1 and δ _guig.2.min << 1 on the lower flat sections of the AH δ out ₂ (U _{ps (np)} ) and δ out ₂ (U _tf ).

.As a result, for a quantitative instrumental assessment of the levels of the carrier, U _{ps (np)} = U _in <<(3 ... 5) ⋅ _{U por.nsh} voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) in the initial flat or non-monotonously varying section Alternative _AC RPM δ _out.2 (U _in ) ≈ δ _out.2 (U _tf )> 1, it is necessary to use normalized calibration _AC δ out of ₁ (U _tf ) and / or δ _out.3 (U _tf ), and in all in other cases, alternative calibration _AHs δ _{dg. 2} (U _tf ) and / or δ _{dg. 3} (U _tf ). In turn, for a quantitative instrumental assessment of the amplitude values of the coefficient M _in useful information AM or frequency deviation Δf _max.in useful information FM input RF signal (PS, NP) u _I (t) = u _{ps (np)} (t) (1 ) necessary to use the normalized calibration HH δ _gvyh.1 (M _Bx | U _n), δ _gvyh.1 (Δf _max.vx | U _n), given the general expressions (10)

.

4.5. In principle, the required energy parameters of the PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) at the RPM antenna input can be calculated from the measured values of the normalized levels δ _{output 1} , δ _output 2, δ _{output 3} (2), not using for these purposes the normalized calibration AX and DX RPM given by expressions (8) and (10), respectively, in the presence of the necessary initial data for the analytical calculation of essentially nonlinear dependences of the RPM noise coefficient F _ns (U _{ps (np)} ) and RPM gain K _ns (U _{ps (np)} ) according to the voltage of the input RF noise of the RPM u _ss (t) from the level of the carrier U _{ps (np)} in the 1st and 2nd ORC RPM. However, in the existing TD for on-board RPMs with telephone output, the necessary a priori information is missing, which makes it fundamentally necessary to perform calibration by the claimed method of normalized AC RPMs (8) in the range up to 65 ... 70 dB with respect to the nominal threshold sensitivity of RPM for RF noise voltage U _por. .

по результатам вычисления нормированных уровней δ_вых., δ_вых.2, δ_вых.3 (2) в 1-м и 2-м ОРК РПМ на этапе ДОК, что устраняет недостатки известных односигнальных способов и алгоритмов испытаний, изложенных в НТД и ТД [1, 7-9], и встроенной системы контроля исправности РПМ и обеспечивает решение актуальной технической проблемы (задачи) оперативной инструментальной оценки и контроля энергетических параметров ПС или НП на антенном входе существующего парка РПМ преимущественно собственными техническими средствами РПМ, бортового и сервисного электронного оборудования ЛА и РПД - источника ПС (НП) без привлечения для этих целей измерительной аппаратуры общего и специального (сервисного) назначения типа измерительных антенн, измерительных приемников и анализаторов спектра по результатам измерения нормированных уровней δ_вых.2, δ_вых.3 (2) напряжения НЧ-шума u_вых.2(t) на телефонном выходе РПМ во 2 м ОРК, пропорциональных уровням вносимых РПМ амплитудных либо фазовых НЧ-шумов как источников полезной информации об уровне несущей U_пс(нп) напряжения ПС (НП) u_пс(нп)(t) (1) на антенном входе РПМ.In this case, it is fundamentally important that the calibration of normalized AC RPMs by the claimed method in three reference ORM RPMs and additionally at several (at least five to seven) fixed values of the harmonic frequency coefficient AM M _tc or deviation of the frequency of the harmonic FM Δf _max.tc test signal u _ts (t) (4) it is possible to first calculate the family of normalized calibration AX RPMs _{δvyh 1} (U _tc | M _ts ) or δ _{left 1} (U _tc | Δf _max.tc ) as functions of the carrier level U _{tf of the} test signal u _ts (t) for fixed values of its harmonic coefficient AM M _tf or deviation of the frequency of the harmonic FM f _max.tc as a parameter of the indicated AX taking into account the whole set of nonlinear and fluctuation processes in the RPM functional devices covered by the closed AGC system and in the amplitude limiting cascades in the RPM FM voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1), affecting the shape of the normalized calibration AC RPM in the normal mode of its operation, and then determine the quantitative values of the energy vapor PS (NP) voltage meters

according to the results of the calculation of normalized levels δ _out. , δ _out.2 , δ _out.3 (2) in the 1st and 2nd RPM ORCs at the PKD stage, which eliminates the disadvantages of the known single-signal methods and test algorithms described in the NTD and TD [1, 7-9], and the built-in RPM serviceability monitoring system and provides a solution to the urgent technical problem (task) of the operational instrumental assessment and control of the energy parameters of the substation or receiver at the antenna input of the existing RPM fleet, mainly with its own RPM equipment, on-board and service electronic equipment of the aircraft and RPD - the source of the substation (NP ) without involving for these purposes measuring equipment of general and special (service) purpose, such as measuring antennas, measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers according to the results of measuring normalized levels δ _{output 2} , δ _{output 3} (2) voltage of low-frequency noise and _{output 2} ( t) on the telephone output of the RPM in the 2 m ORC, proportional to the levels of the introduced RPM of the amplitude or phase low-frequency noise as sources of useful information about the level of the carrier U _{ps (np)} PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) at the antenna input of the RPM.

4.6. An example implementation of the inventive method at the stage of the PKD RPM. The process of DOK of an onboard RPM as part of an aircraft, providing an operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of a PS or NP in three (n = 0, 1, 2) ORC RPM using the CPI of FIG. 1 on the basis of other radio engineering principles, technical solutions and tools than in measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers, in a more detailed presentation than in subsections 2.2 and 2.3, for various hardware implementations of the IVC of FIG. 1 is as follows.

(and). At the beginning of the initial (n = 0) ORC RPM 3 as part of the CPI of FIG. 1 establish two-way radio communication with the operator of a ground-based radio station or on-board radio station of another aircraft, use it to operate the RPD 10 — the PS (NP) source at the operating letter frequency f _{prd of the} main radiation of the RPD selected from the conditions of coincidence of the main or secondary radiation of the RPD at frequencies multiple or fractional harmonics and subharmonics and intermodulation frequencies with the main RPM receiving channel with the operating letter frequency f _rpm , alternately in three (n = 0, 1, 2) reference ORC RPM: when the radio emission of the RPD in the initial (n = 0) ORC RPM, in in the normal mode of emission of class A3E or F3E with the standard operational parameters of analog AM or FM specified in the TD in the 1st (n = 1) standard ORC and in radiation mode of class A3E or F3E without useful information modulation (with an unmodulated carrier) in 2 -m (n = 2) alternative ORC, while measuring the built-in voltmeter 13 and documenting in one way or another the levels of the main radiation carrier RPD 10 in the 1st and 2 modes of radio transmission; to minimize the influence of powerful acoustic noise of the aircraft and the residual low-frequency noise of the RPD modulator on the levels of the residual spurious component AM or FM of the main radiation of the RPD in the 2nd ORC RPM, zero (short-circuit) with the on-off switch 14 of the IVC of FIG. 1 signal input of the amplitude or frequency modulator of RPM 10, and, if necessary, turn on and turn off the attenuation of the built-in attenuators of RPM 3 and / or RPM 10 according to the instructions of the operator RPM 3 or automatically the computer 10 and inform the operator of the RPM 3 about this. Moments of switching on and off the selected operating modes the onboard RPM 3 and RPD 10 and the attenuation of their discretely adjustable attenuators are recorded on board the aircraft in the form of one-time commands at a single time for all registrars of the aircraft and the CPI of FIG. 1.

ОРК РПМ встроенными или сервисными вольтметром 4а и/или милливольтметром 4б, техническими средствами регистрации 5 и ЭВМ 6 ЛА или ИВК рис. 1.(b). In the initial (n = 0) RPM, the RPM RPM includes on-board RPM 3 at the selected (assigned) operating letter frequency f _RPM in the normal mode of radiation reception of class A3E or F3E, the nominal RPM output noise level specified in the TD is set U _{output n} ≈ (0,1 ... 0,3) ⋅U _vyh.max where U _vyh.max - TD at a predetermined RPM level maximum value U _chan.1 LF output voltage on the flat portion of the nominal RPM ACh _chan.1 U (U _{ps (np)} ); make sure there are no unacceptable levels of unacceptable additional RF noise and acoustic noise of the aircraft at the antenna input of the antenna, listening to sound signals in the headphones of the RPM operator’s headset connected directly to the RPM telephone output through the control panel, and then providing measurement, recording and statistical processing the current values of the levels of the output low-frequency voltage (noise) U _output.n (t) in three

ORM RPM with built-in or service voltmeter 4a and / or millivoltmeter 4b, technical means of registration 5 and computer 6 LA or IVK fig. 1.

Next, the RPD 10 radio emission — the PS (NP) source — is switched off at the RPM operator’s commands, the measurements are repeated in accordance with Section 4.6 (b) for all other RPD — NP sources for the RPM, after which the tests of the onboard RPM at the PKD stage are completed and processing of their results Computer 6 LA or CPI of FIG. 1.

(in). Depending on the technical capabilities and the mathematical software of the computer 6 aircraft and the CPI of FIG. 1, statistical processing over time of the current values of the LF voltage levels U _output.n (t), measured in three (n = 0, 1, 2) RPM RPMs, is performed either on board the aircraft in real or near real time, or as an option on the airfield computer IVK or on a programmable microcalculator after the completion of the flight of the aircraft. When this is calculated by standard methods known averaged level value U _vyh.n and their standard deviations ΔU _vyh.n, averaged normalized levels _chan.1 U, U _chan.2 the nominal level LF noise ≈ U U _{vyh.nsh vyh.0,} established at the beginning of the initial (n = 0) ORC RPM and refined by the results of averaging over time the current values of the level of low-frequency noise U _out.0 (t); after which the values of the normalized (dimensionless) averaged levels δ _{output 1} , δ _{output 2} , δ _{output 3} and their confidence limits are calculated using the general expressions (2), (3), and then determined by the algorithms of subsections 2.2, 23, 2.5 and general expressions (5) - (7), (11) quantitative values of the energy parameters of the voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) according to the normalized calibration amplitude (AH) and detector (DX) characteristics of the RPM and their confidence limits preliminarily calculated using the general expressions (8) - (10) and the algorithms described in subsection 2.4.

Next, they evaluate by expert methods or automatically on a computer the compliance of the PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) energy parameters calculated by the claimed method with the requirements of the technical specifications [7, 8], and then use them according to the programs and methods of ground and flight tests Aircraft when assessing the technical condition and technical characteristics of RPMs as part of an aircraft.

d). The possibility of practical implementation of the claimed method is repeatedly confirmed by the results of ground and flight tests of airborne RPMs with telephone output of airborne radio stations and airborne radio relay as part of several types of aircraft according to EMC RPM with RPD of airborne radio stations for various types of hardware implementation of the information-processing device of FIG. 1. So, as a measure of the RPM low-voltage levels in the 1st and 2nd ORCs, a V3-10 output meter and V3-41 and B3-42 millivoltmeters were used, and an on-board magnetic recorder was used to record sound signals at the RPM telephone output Aircraft with subsequent processing of measurement information at the local aerodrome aerospace center under laboratory and bench conditions. The graphs of the normalized calibration AX and DX shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, and similar graphs for a number of other on-board radios are practically used to quantify the claimed method of carrier and NP carrier levels with matching and close operating letter frequencies when processing the results of certification tests of prototypes of aircraft according to the EMC RPM with RPD of on-board radio stations. Subsequently, to measure the RPM low-voltage levels in the 1st and 2nd ORCs, small-sized vibration and shock-resistant multimeters of the type APRA-305 USB and APPA-85RH were used, which ensured the measurement of the rms values of arbitrary waveforms and levels of at least 10 μV for APRA-305 USB and 1 mV for APPA-85RH, statistical processing of the measurement results by the integrated microprocessor, transfer of the processing results to the computer 6 CPI of FIG. 1 via USB and their display on a computer monitor.

Currently, the technical aspects of introducing the claimed method into the automated system for monitoring the technical condition of airborne electronic equipment (avionics) during the avionics tests in ground and flight tests and the operation of the aircraft according to the technical condition are being worked out.

4.7. An example of the implementation of the inventive method at the stage of calibration of the normalized AC of the onboard RPM as part of the CPI of FIG. 2. The calibration of the normalized AC of the on-board RPM 3 as part of the CPI of FIG. 2 perform preliminary (up to the DOK stage) in laboratory-bench conditions prior to installation on the aircraft or after dismantling the RPM from the aircraft during routine maintenance or, if necessary, during inter-flight or pre-flight preparatory work as part of the aircraft in aerodrome conditions in three (n = 0, 1, 2) RPM ORGs similar to basically three (n = 0, 1, 2) RPM ORCs at the PKD stage, using for this purpose as part of the CPI of FIG. 2 service simulator 16 or, as an option, programmed GSS, which generates a calibrated test signal u _tc (t) of class A3E or F3E on the antenna path RPM 3, simulating the voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np} (t) (1) at the operating letter frequency RPM f _RPM ≈ f _{ps (np)} , with adjustable (programmable) carrier level U _tf within 65 ... 70 dB relative to the nominal threshold sensitivity of RPM with noise voltage U _por.nsh and with adjustable (programmable) parameters of harmonic AM or FM within operational values of useful AM or FM PS (NP).

The calibration of the normalized AC of the onboard RPM 3 as part of the IVC of FIG. 2 by the claimed method in a shorter summary than in subsection 2.3, for various hardware implementations of the CPI of FIG. 2 are performed in the following order.

and). At the beginning of the initial (zero, n = 0) ORG, they include RPM 3 in the normal operating mode of radio reception of class А3Е or F3E substations with two-band analog AM or FM at the operating letter frequency f _rpm ; nominal, specified in the TD level (effective value) of the output low-frequency noise U _output on the telephone output of the RPM (or SPU) when the test signal is off u _tf (t) = 0; they are measured by an internal or external service voltmeter 4a and / or millivoltmeter 4b of the IVC of FIG. 2 current values of the level of low-frequency voltage (noise) U _Гvy.0 (t) and register these values by technical means of recording 5 CPI of FIG. 2 with a sample size of N ₀ >> 1 and a sampling frequency of F ₀ ≤100 Hz;

b) To provide the 1st ORG (n = 1) of the on-board RPM 3, a service simulator or GSS 16 IVC of FIG. 2 at the selected (assigned) operating RPM letter frequency f _rpm = f _tc in the test signal generation mode u _tc (t) of class A3E (F3E) with typical, specified in the TD reference operational parameters of harmonic AM (FM) of the main radiation of the RPD 10 - PS or NP source, and to provide the 2nd (n = 2) RPM ORG - in the mode of generating a test signal u _tf (t) of class A3E (F3E) without modulation (with an unmodulated carrier); after which they are measured with a voltmeter 4a and / or with a millivoltmeter 4b of the IVK of FIG. 2, the current values of the level of low-frequency voltage U _{output 1} (t), U _{output 2} (t) at the telephone output of the RPM in the 1st and 2nd ORGs, are recorded by means of registration means 5 of the IVC of FIG. 2 these values with the sample size N ₁ , N ₂ >> 1 and the sampling frequency F ₀ ≤100 Hz after the end of the transient processes in the closed-loop AGC RPM system for each discrete value of the carrier level of the test signal U _ts set in 1 and 2 th ORG:

⋅U_вых.нш, где U_пор.нш - заданная в ТД номинальная пороговая чувствительность РПМ по напряжению шума u_нш(t), и далее - после каждого дискретного изменения уровня несущей тест-сигнала U_тс с шагом

…2 (или 3…6 дБ) относительно U_пор.нш на монотонно изменяющемся участке штатной градуировочной АХ РПМ U_гвых.1(U_тс) и с шагом 10…15 дБ до значений 65…70 дБ на плоском участке градуировочной АХ U_гвых.1(U_тс), после чего выключают имитатор или ГСС 16 ИВК фиг. 2 и приступают к обработке результатов регистрации.first at the level of the carrier U _{ps (np)} = U _por.nsh providing on the telephone output level of the RPM RPM output LF voltage U = _chan.1

⋅U _vyh.nsh where U _por.nsh - TD set in the nominal noise threshold sensitivity RPM _NS voltage u (t), and then - after each of the discrete carrier test signal level changes _are U increments

... 2 (or 3 ... 6 dB) with respect to U _por.nsh monotonously varying portion of the calibration standard ACh RPM _gvyh.1 U (U _n) and a pitch of 10 ... 15 dB to values 65 ... 70 dB on the flat portion of the calibration ACh U _{gvyh .1} (U _tf ), after which the simulator or GSS 16 of the IVC of FIG. 2 and proceed to processing the registration results.

 напряжения ПС (НП) u_пс(нп)(t) (1) по результатам вычисления на этапе ДОК РПМ нормированных усредненных уровней δ_вых.1, δ_вых.2, δ_вых.3 (2) и их доверительных границ (3) в 1-м и во 2-м ОРК РПМ.in). Statistical processing over time of the current values of the low-frequency voltage levels U _Гв.n (t), measured in three (n = 0, 1, 2) ORM RPMs, is performed by computing means (computer) 6 of the CPI of FIG. 2 for all fixed levels of the carrier signal of the test signal U _tc used in the 1st and 2nd ORGs, by standard methods according to the algorithms and expressions (8), (9) of subsection 2.4, and the time-averaged levels of _{Uqual are calculated. 0} , U _{outgoers. 1} (U _tf ), U _{outgoers. 2} (U _tf ), and their standard deviations ΔU _{outfits. 1} (U _tf ), ΔU _{outfits. 2} (U _tf ), ΔU _{outfits. 0} , normalize the average levels U _{high 1} (U _tf ), U _{high 2} (U _t ) relative to the nominal level of low-frequency noise U _{output ns} = U _{high 0} installed at the beginning of the initial (n = 0) RPM RPM and refined based on the calculation results of the averaged _gvyh.0 value U, then the calculated values of δ _gvyh.1 (U _n) is normalized levels, δ _gvyh.2 (U _n), δ _gvyh.3 (U _n) (8) and their confidence limits (9) is recorded technical means of registration 8 IVC of FIG. 2, the values of normalized levels _gvyh.1 δ (U _n); δ _hot.2 (U _tf ); δ _{dw 3} (U _tf ) and their confidence limits for all fixed values of the carrier level of the test signal U _tf installed in the 1st and 2nd RPM ORGs, in the form of two-dimensional arrays of numerical data, and then use the functional dependencies of these levels from the level of the carrier of the test signal U _tf as normalized calibration AX RPM δ _{heights 1} (U _ts ), δ _{heights 2} (U _ts ), δ _{heights 3} (U _ts ), these _{AXs are} documented in the form of graphs as a function of level the carrier signal of the test signal U _tc on a double logarithmic scale, and then use these AX to quantify the instrumental level of the carrier

voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) according to the results of calculation at the DOC RPM stage of normalized average levels δ _{output 1} , δ _output 2, δ _{output 3} (2) and their confidence limits (3) in the 1st and 2nd ORC RPM.

 либо девиации частоты Δf_{max.пс(нп)} полезной информационной ЧМ Δf_пс(нп)(t) напряжения ПС (НП) u_пс(нп)(t) (1) по нормированной градуировочной ДХ РПМ δ_гвых.1(М_тс|U_тс) либо δ_гвых.1(Δf_max.тc|U_тc), полученной в 1-м ОРГ РПМ по алгоритмам п. 2.4(в), выполняют дополнительно к изложенному выше в п. 2.4(б) измерение и регистрацию текущих значений уровня выходного НЧ-напряжения U_гвых.1(t) в 1-м ОРГ РПМ при нескольких (не менее пяти-семи) фиксированных значениях коэффициента гармонической AM М_тс либо девиации частоты гармонической ЧМ Δf_max.тc тест-сигнала u_тс(t), равномерно распределенных с шагом не более 15…20% от максимальных эксплуатационных значений М_тс, Δf_max.тc до 20% указанных значений и далее с шагом 2,5…5% до 0,5…1% включительно при всех значениях уровня несущей тест-сигнала U_тс, указанных в п. 2.4(б).To provide a quantitative instrumental assessment of the claimed method of the amplitude values of the coefficient M _{ps (np)} useful information AM

or frequency deviation Δf _{max.ps (np) of the} useful informational FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage of the PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) according to the normalized calibration DX RPM δ _no.1 (M _tf | U _tf ) or δ _{dw. 1} (Δf _max.tc | U _tc ) obtained in the 1st RPM ORG according to the algorithms of clause 2.4 (c), perform, in addition to the above in clause 2.4 (b), measurement and recording the values of the output low-frequency voltage _{level Uh 1} (t) in the 1st ORM RPM for several (at least five to seven) fixed values of the harmonic FM coefficient M _tf or deviation of the frequency of the harmonic FM Δf _max.tc test signal u _ts ( t) uniformly distributed in increments of not more than 15 ... 20% of the maximum operational values of M _tf , Δf _max.tc to 20% of the indicated values and then in increments of 2.5 ... 5% to 0.5 ... 1% inclusive for all values the carrier level of the test signal U _tf specified in clause 2.4 (b).

d). The above-described calibration process by the claimed method of standard and two alternative normalized calibration _{AHs is} δ _{guy 1} (U _tf ) and δ _{guf. 2} (U _tf ), δ _{guf. 3} (U _tf ) using the CPI of FIG. 2 was practically implemented when calibrating normalized AC RPMs of several serial on-board radio stations of the aircraft, including the Baklan MB-radio station in laboratory-bench conditions. When calibrating the RPM of the Baklan MB-radio station, a G4-107 type GSS was used as the source of the test signal u _tf (t) 2, and for measuring the level (rms value) of the low-frequency voltage U _high , _{1 high} , _{2 high} The 1st and 2nd ORM RPM 3 - service voltmeter 4a type V3-10 and millivoltmeter 4b type V3-41, connected at the output of the control unit in parallel with high-impedance headphones of the air headset.

The possibility of practical implementation of the claimed method at the stage of calibration of normalized AX RPM is confirmed by the graphs of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 standardized calibration AX RPMs of the serial on-board radio station “Baklan” and similar schedules for on-board RPMs of other types. In this alternative calibration ACh _gvyh.2 δ (U _n), δ _gvyh.3 (U _n) is set essentially unique mutually nonlinear functional relationship between the normalized levels _gvyh.2 δ, δ _gvyh.3 calculated by general expressions (8) the results of measurements of the RPM low-voltage levels at the telephone output in the 1st and 2nd ORGs, on the one hand, and the level of the test signal carrier U _tc at the RPM antenna input, on the other, in a dynamic range exceeding the RPM nominal threshold voltage sensitivity noise U _por.nsh at 60 ... 65 dB. This circumstance allows us to use the normalized calibration AH δ _{guig. 1} (U _tf ), δ _{guig. 2} (U _tf ); δ _hot.3 (U _tf ) for a quantitative instrumental assessment of the level of the carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} (1) according to the results of the calculation of the normalized levels δ _{output 1} , δ _{output 2} , δ _{output 3} at the stage of MLC RPM. At the same time, it is fundamentally important that the methods and algorithms for testing and monitoring on-board RPMs described in the “Typical Methodology ...” [1] and NTD [7-9], as well as the existing methods for integrated monitoring of the on-board RPM operability with telephone output, do not have such capabilities do not allow us to quickly quantify and control changes in the main (affecting the technical characteristics and technical condition of RPM) energy parameters of the PS and NP at the antenna input of the RPM as part of the aircraft in ground and flight conditions.

Thus, the claimed method eliminates the disadvantages of the known single-signal methods and test algorithms and built-in RPM health monitoring and provides a solution to the urgent technical problem (task) of the operational instrumental assessment and control of the energy parameters of the substation or receiver at the antenna input of the existing RPM fleet based on the measurement of normalized δ _{output .2} , δ _out.3 , characterizing the levels of parasitic amplitude and phase low-frequency noise introduced by the input RPM devices, mainly by their own technical means of RPM, on-board and service electronic equipment of aircraft and RPD - PS or NP sources without using measuring antennas for these purposes, measuring receivers and spectrum analyzers for general and special (service) purposes.

Using the inventive method in actual testing and operating conditions of an on-board RPM with a telephone output as part of an aircraft in ground and flight conditions allows us to determine from the results of measuring the levels (effective values) of the LF voltage at the RPM telephone output in three standard single-signal control and calibration modes of normalized AX RPM quantitative values of the main energy parameters of the PS and NP of class A3E or F3E at the RPM antenna input (carrier PS or NP carrier level, amplitude values of the useful information AM coefficient or frequency deviation of the useful information FM and rms values of the residual parasitic component AM or FM taking into account amplitude and phase noise entered by RPM) with acceptable engineering accuracy (with errors not exceeding 1.5 ... 2 dB) without involving additional general and special (service) purpose measuring equipment for these purposes and use the results obtained for ground and flight tests of aircraft according to the assessment of e electromagnetic safety and compatibility of onboard radio equipment for communication and navigation, electrodynamic isolation and azimuthal radiation patterns of onboard receiving and transmitting antennas of the aircraft, as well as for operational instrumental monitoring of the technical state of the RPM in ground and flight conditions when operating the aircraft according to the technical condition, which provides the appearance of new properties of the declared methods absent in the known methods described in the patents [3-6] and in the NTD and TD [1, 7-9].

List of references

[1]. Typical methodology for assessing the electromagnetic compatibility of airborne radio equipment installed on GA aircraft. - M .: State. Research Institute “Air Navigation” and SSC “LII named after M. M. Gromova ", 1995. - 64 p.

[2]. Measurement of radio signals and interference. “News from Rode and Schwartz.” Special issue (in Russian), 1985. - 87 p.

[3]. RF patent for the invention RU 2374654 C2 “Method for assessing the electromagnetic compatibility of ship technical equipment and the hardware complex for its implementation” dated December 27, 2007, IPC G01R 29/08 (2006.01).

[4]. RF patent for the invention RU 2638079 C1 “Method for measuring the azimuthal radiation pattern of the antenna as part of large-sized mobile land objects and a device for its implementation” dated 10.19.2016, IPC G01R 29/10 (2006.01).

[five]. RF patent for the invention RU 2251803 C1 “Method for determining information parameters and characteristics of radio signals of transmitters” dated July 20, 2004, IPC Н04В 7/185, 7/26.

[6]. RF patent for the invention RU 2267862 C1 “Device for determining information parameters and characteristics of radio signals of transmitters” dated July 20, 2004, IPC Н04В 7/185, 7/26 (2006.01).

[7]. Technical requirements for aircraft equipment. Appendix P8 to Ch. 8 NLGS-2 “Aircraft Equipment”. - M .: MVK according to airworthiness standards. 1974.- 360 p., Pp. 200, 201 and 220-222.

[8]. Unified standards of airworthiness of aircraft (ENLGS) transport category. Technical requirements for aircraft equipment. Appendix P8 to Ch. 8 ENLG-S “Aircraft Equipment”. - M .: IAC, CMEA Standing Commission on Civil Aviation. 1987. - 360 p., Pp. 217-224.

[nine]. Radio station "Harlequin-D". Manual for technical operation of IV1.104.136 OM book 1. Maintenance manual RO 023.10.00 Adjustment and testing, p. 513-528.

[ten]. IN AND. Tikhonov. Nonlinear transformations of random processes. - M.: Radio and Communications, 1986. - 296 p., Pp. 35-38 and p. 40, 41.

List of abbreviations

HELL - amplitude detector

AM - amplitude modulation

ARC - automatic radio compass

AGC - automatic gain control

AH - amplitude characteristic

AS - amplitude noise

VSK - built-in control system

VTs - computer center

Treble - High Frequency

GSS - standard signal generator

DKMV - decameter waves

UHF - decimeter waves

MLC - additional operational control

DX - detector characteristic (RPM)

Hydraulic fracturing - glide path receiver

IVK - measuring and computing complex

KRP - course receiver

LII - Flight Research Institute

LL - flying laboratory

MRI - marker receiver

MB - meter waves

NP - unintentional interference

NTD - normative and technical document

Scientific Center - Scientific Center

LF - low frequency

OKP - main receiving channel (RPM)

ORG - single-signal graduation mode (RPM)

ORK - single-signal control mode (RPM)

PS is a useful signal

IF - intermediate frequency

PSH - noise suppressor

RNO - radio navigation equipment

RPD - radio transmitter

RPM - radio

RRG - manual volume control

RRU - manual gain control

PC - radio station

RSBN - short-range radio engineering system

SV - medium waves

SPU - aircraft intercom

TD - technical documentation

ULF - low frequency amplifier

UPCH - intermediate frequency amplifier

FS - phase noise

BH - frequency detector

FM - frequency modulation

ЧШ - frequency noise

Computer - electronic computer

EDR - electrodynamic isolation

EMBS - electromagnetic safety and compatibility

EMO - electromagnetic environment

EMC - electromagnetic compatibility

ERE - electro radio elements

Claims (49)

1. The method of operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of the useful signal (PS) and unintentional interference (NP) at the antenna input of the onboard radio receiver (RPM) with a telephone output as part of the aircraft (LA), comprising turning on the onboard RPM, airfield or onboard radio transmitter (RPD) - a PS (NP) source in the normal operating modes of radio reception and, accordingly, radio transmission of class A3E or F3E (“telephony” with two-band analog AM or FM), amplification and frequency conversion of the input RF signal (PS, NP) to RPM at high (RF ) and nonzero intermediate (IF) frequencies, detecting a converted signal (PS, NP) in a conventional (non-synchronous) transistor or semiconductor amplitude detector (AM) or in a similar differentiating frequency detector (BH), amplifying the output low-frequency voltage of the detector in a linear amplifier low frequencies (VLF), automatic gain control (AGC) RPM on HF, IF and LF and additionally amplitude cut the calculation of the converted input signals (PS, NP) of class F3E for effective stabilization of the levels of sound signals (speech) in the headphones of the headset of the RPM operator under the expected conditions of testing and operation of the RPM in the composition of the aircraft, characterized in that during the ground and flight tests of the aircraft according to the electromagnetic safety and compatibility (EMBS) of airborne RPM with RPD of ground and airborne radio stations (PC), electrodynamic isolation and radiation patterns of aerodrome and airborne antennas PC, as well as operational monitoring of the technical state of RPM when operating as part of an aircraft in ground and flight conditions and electromagnetic environment (EMO) on board the aircraft on the routes and in the areas of test and operational flights carry out additional operational control (DOC) of the RPM as part of the aircraft in three reference single-signal control modes (ORC) and preliminary (before the start of the DOC) - calibration of normalized amplitude characteristics (AX) RPM in single-signal graduation modes (ORG), analog egg mainly ORC RPM; at the same time, in the process of the DOK, they measure, register, perform statistical processing in time and normalize the current effective values (levels) U _output.n (t) of the low-frequency voltage

on the telephone outlet of the RPM mainly by its own technical means of RPM, electronic equipment of the aircraft, aerodrome (airborne) RPD - the source of the PS (NP) and, if necessary, service low-frequency millivoltmeter, magnetic recorder and computer of the measuring and computing complex (IVK) of the aircraft in three (n = 0, 1, 2) reference RPM of RPM: in the absence at the antenna input of RPM of PS and NP in the initial (n = 0) preparatory ORK, when the voltage of PS (NP) of class A3E or F3E

with the effective value (level) of the carrier U _{ps (np)} , the frequency of the carrier f _{ps (np)} , matching or close to the selected operating letter frequency of the RPM f _rpm ≈ f _{pc (np)} , the initial phase φ ₀ and with the typical operational phases specified in the TD the parameters of the useful information component of the analog AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) in the 1st (n = 1) regular ORC and when exposed to PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) without information modulation (with an unmodulated carrier U _{ps (np)} ) in the 2nd (n = 2) alternative ORC; the required RPM ORCs are provided by switching on (installing) alternately automatically or by commands of the RPM operator the corresponding operating modes of the airfield or airborne RPD - PS (NP) source: when the RPD radio emission is off in the initial (n = 0) RPM RPM, in the normal mode of radio transmission of the main RPM radiation A3E or F3E class with typical operational AM information or FM FM parameters specified in the TD

regular ORC and in the radio transmission mode of the main radiation of the RPD without information modulation (with an unmodulated carrier) in the 2nd (n = 2) alternative ORC; during statistical processing of the results of measurement and registration of RPM LF voltage levels U _output.n (t) in three (n = 0, 1, 2) ORCs, the airborne or aerodrome computers are determined by standard methods, their time-averaged values of U _output.n and standard deviations ΔU _out.n (after rejecting gross deviations of the levels U _out.n (t) from their average values U _out.n ) for 3 ... 5 seconds no more than with a sample size N _n >> 1 and with a sampling frequency of not more than 100 Hz ; then calculate the values: ratio of averaged levels

characterizing, in accordance with their physical meaning, the normalized (dimensionless) averaged levels U _{output 1} , U _{output 2} low-voltage PS (NP) u _{output 1} (t), u _{output 2} (t) at the telephone line output RPM in the 1st and accordingly in the 2nd ORC; normalized (dimensionless) standard deviations

confidence limits (dg) of the statistical estimate in the Gaussian approximation of the normalized average levels δ _{exit 1} , δ _{exit 2} , δ _{exit 3} with a guaranteed probability of their reliable (correct) estimate of at least 0,997:

then determined by graphic constructions or graph-analytically by computer numerical value of the carrier level U _{ps (np)} voltage PS (NP) u _{nc (np) (t)} normalized by the nominal _gvyh.1 δ (U _n) and two alternative δ _{gvyh .2} (U _tf ), δ _{high, 3} (U _tf ) calibration RPM of the RPM as functions of the carrier level of the U _{tf of a} quasi-harmonic test signal of class A3E or F3E at the RPM antenna input

obtained previously (before the start of the MLC) when calibrating the AX RPM in three

reference single-signal graduation modes (ORG), similar to basically three ORC RPM; wherein the measurement in step MLC value of the carrier level PS (NP) U = U _{docking ps (np)} take the value of the test signal level U _ts, where the measured value in step MLC normalized level _chan.1 δ, δ _chan.2 , δ _out.3 coincides with the normalized calibration _AC δ δ out ₁ (U _tf ), δ out ₂ (U _tf ), δ out ₃ (U _tf ) in its monotonously varying section (for 1 <δ out ₁ < δ _{output 1.max} ; 1> δ _{output 2} > δ _{output 2.min} ; 1> δ _{output 3} > δ _{output 3.min} ), i.e.

where U _rpd.1 / U _rpd.2 - the ratio of the levels of the carrier U _rpd.1 , U _{rpd.2 of the} output RF signal u _rpd (t) RPD - source PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) in the 1st and 2nd ORC RPM; δ _out.1.max - the maximum value of the ratio δ _out.1 on the upper flat section of the normalized standard _AC RPM δ _out.1 (U _ps ) as a function of the level of the carrier PS U _ps ; δ _out.2.min << 1, δ _out.3.min << 1 - the minimum value of the ratio δ _out.2 , δ _out.3 on the lower flat section of the normalized alternative _AC RPM δ _out.2 (U _ps ), δ _out.3 (U _ps ) as functions of the level of the carrier PS U _ps ; Further, the calculated value U _doc = U _{doc 1} ≈ U _{doc. 3 is} used to quantify the level of the carrier PS (NP) U _{ps (np)} = U _doc on the initial flat or non-monotonously varying section by an alternative calibration AH δ _{dimen. 2} (U _tf )> 1, and the calculated value of U _doc = U _doc . ₂ ≈ U _{doc. 3} - in a monotonously decreasing section of the AX δ _{high 2} (U _tf ) <1; in a similar way, the confidence limits of the statistical estimation of the measured PS (NP) carrier level are calculated U _{ps (np)} = U _doc , namely, at the intersection of the upper (+) and lower (-) confidence boundaries (3) of the normalized levels δ _out.1 , δ _{out .2} , δ _out.3 with upper (+) and lower (-) confidence limits of the normalized calibration AH δ _{high 1} (U _tf ), δ _{hot 2} (U _tf ), δ _{hot 3} (U _tf ) at U _tf = U _doc , given by general expressions similar to expressions (3); amplitude value of coefficient AM M _{ps (np)} or FM frequency deviation

useful information component of analog AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) is determined by the normalized calibration detection characteristic (DX) RPM δ _{high 1} (M _tf | U _tf ) either

obtained previously as a function of the harmonic coefficient AM M _tf , or deviation of the frequency of the harmonic FM Δf _{max.tc of the} test signal u _tf (t) (4) at a fixed level of the carrier of the test signal U _tf = U _doc as a parameter of the indicated DC; at the same time, for the quantitative value of the coefficient AM M _doc or the FM frequency deviation Δf _max.dock measured at the _DLC stage, then the value of the harmonic FM coefficient M M _tc or the deviation of the harmonic FM frequency Δf _max.tc test signal u _tc (t) (4 ), at which the measured value of the normalized level δ _{output 1} coincides with the calibration _DF δ _{high 1} (M _tf | U _doc ) or δ _{hot 1} (Δf _max.tf | U _doc ), i.e.

then the measured values of M _doc , Δf _max.doc and the normalized level δ _out.3 <1 /

used to determine the effective value (level) m _opt.doc , Δf _{opt.doc of} residual spurious component (opt) AM AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) taking into account the spurious introduced RPM amplitude m _w (t) or phase φ _w (t) LF noise according to the expressions

after which they evaluate by expert methods or automatically on a computer the conformity of the carrier level U _dock measured at the DOK stage, the amplitude values M _dock , Δf _{max.doc of} useful information components and levels m _opt.doc , Δf _{opt.doc of} residual parasitic components AM m _{ps (np )} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) the requirements of the technical documentation. 2. A method for the operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of a substation and a substation according to claim 1, characterized in that a quantitative instrumental assessment of the level of a substation (substratum) U _{ps (np)} = U _dock at the DOC stage is performed according to the proposed technical solutions for the rational selection of used technical means, parameters and modes of their operation in three (n = 0, 1, 2) ORC RPM in the following sequence: (a) at the beginning of the initial (n = 0) ARC, they include an on-board RPM at the selected operating letter frequency f _rpm ≈ f _{ps (np)} in the radio reception mode of input RF signals (PS, NP) of class A3E or F3E, set automatically on a computer or manually by the manual gain control (RRU) maximum RPM gain with the noise suppressor (PS) turned off by the RPM of the on-board radio station, and the manual volume control (RRG) by the nominal level (effective value) specified in the TD U _{output ns} of the natural low-frequency noise _vyh.0 u (t) to the telephone output RPM in the absence of the selected working frequency f RPM _RPM input RF signals (PS, TM, and other internal and external RFI) and acoustic noise LA unacceptable levels measured integral or service voltmeter and register by means of magnetic registration or an aircraft computer the current values of the level U _{output 0} (t) of the low-frequency noise voltage RPM u _{output 0} (t) for 3 ... 5 seconds no more with a sample size of N ₀ >> 1 and a sampling frequency of F ₀ ≤100 Hz; (b) to ensure the required 1st and 2nd ORC RPMs, they include (install), alternately, at the commands of the operator of the RPM or automatically the computer, the corresponding operating modes of the airfield or airborne RPD - the source of the PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) ) at the operating letter frequency f _RPM , selected from the conditions of coincidence of the main or secondary radiation of the RPD with the main channel for receiving RPM at the working letter frequency f _RPM ; measure the built-in voltmeter RPD and document the levels of the carrier U _RPD.1 U _{RPD.2 of the} output RF voltage u _RPD (t) of the main radiation RPD in the 1st and 2nd modes of radio transmission; if necessary, turn on and off the commands of the RPM operator or automatically computer the attenuation of the built-in discretely adjustable attenuators RPD and RPM; the moments of turning on and off the operating modes of the onboard RPM and RPD and the attenuation of their attenuators are recorded on board the aircraft in the form of one-time commands; (c) during operation of the RPD - source of the PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) in the 1st and 2nd modes of radio transmission, adjust the frequency of the RPM or RPD, if provided for in the TD, according to the maximum the level of the output low-frequency voltage PS (NP) U _{output 1} (t) in the 1st ORC RPM and the minimum level of voltage low-frequency noise U _{output 2} (t) in the 2nd ORC RPM after the end of transient processes in a closed system AGC RPM, and then measured with a voltmeter in the 1st ORK and a millivoltmeter in the 2nd ORK and recorded by the on-board or service recorder of the aircraft the current values of the level U _{output. 1} (t) of the low-voltage PS (NP) and _{output 1} (t) in the 1st ORC and the level U _{output 2} (t) of the applied RPM low-frequency noise u _{output 2} (t) in the 2nd ORC for no more than 3 ... 5 seconds with a sample size of N ₁ , N ₂ >> 1 and sampling frequency <100 Hz; then they turn off automatically or at the command of the operator of the RPM the radio emission of the RPD - the source of the PS (NP) and, depending on the technical capabilities of the onboard computers of the aircraft and their software, they perform secondary processing of the measured levels U _output.n (t) (n = 0, 1,2) according to expressions (2), (3), (5) - (7) in flight in real or near real time, either on an aerodrome computer or on a programmable calculator, after the flight is completed. 3. The method of operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of the PS and NP according to claim 1, characterized in that the calibration of the AX of the onboard RPM with a telephone output is performed preliminary (before the start of the MLC) in laboratory-bench conditions before installing the RPM on the aircraft or after dismantling the RPM from the board LA, or as part of an aircraft at aerodrome conditions, using PS (NP) as a source

service simulator or programmable standard signal generator (GSS), generating a calibrated test signal u _tf (t) (4) at the RPM antenna input with an adjustable carrier level U _tf in the range 65 ... 70 dB relative to the nominal threshold sensitivity of the RPM for noise voltage U _{then .nsch} , with a carrier frequency f _tc matching or close to the operating RPM letter frequency f _rpm , and with adjustable values of the coefficient M _ts harmonic AM m _ts (t) or frequency deviation Δf _max.tc harmonic FM Δf _ts (t); at the same time, calibration of the AC RPM in three single-signal graduation modes (ORG), similar mainly to three ORCs at the PKD stage, is performed according to the proposed technical solutions for the rational selection of the used technical means, conditions, parameters and modes of their operation in the following order: (a) at the beginning of the initial (n = 0) preparatory ORG, they include RPMs in the normal mode of radio reception of input RF signals (PS, NP) of class A3E or F3E at the selected (assigned) working letter frequency f _rpm ≈ f _tf , set automatically or manually by the RRU body the maximum possible amplification of the RPM by its low-frequency telephone output when the RP RPM is switched off on-board PC, and by the RRG organ is the nominal (effective value) specified in the TD U _output voltage of the RPM low-noise noise u _high.0 (t) at off test signal simulator u _tf (t) (4); measure the built-in or external voltmeter current values of the level U _Гvy.0 (t) of the low-frequency noise voltage of the RPM u _Гive.0 (t) and record these computer values with a sample size of N ₀ >> 1 and a sampling frequency of F ₀ ≤100 Hz; (b) in the 1st (n = 1) full-time RPM ORG, they include a service simulator or GSS at the selected RPM operating frequency f _rpm ≈ f _tf in the test signal generation mode u _tf (t) (4) with a harmonic coefficient M _tf AM m _tf (t) or with a frequency deviation Δf _{max.tc of the} harmonic FM Δf _tf (t) of the test signal u _tf (t) (4), which simulates the PS (NP) u _{ps (ns)} (t) (1) in 1 m (n = 1) regular ORM RPM, and in the 2nd (n = 2) alternative ORG RPM - in the test signal generation mode u _tf (t) (4) without useful harmonic AM m _tf (t) or FM

(with unmodulated carrier U _tf ); successively set the values of the carrier level of the test signal U _tf in the range from the initial value equal to the threshold sensitivity of the RPM in terms of noise voltage U _por.nsh , to values exceeding the noise level U _por.nsh by 65 ... 70 dB, first with a step of 3 ... 5 dB to values of 20 ... 25 dB, and then with a step of 10 ... 15 dB to values of 65 ... 70 dB, simultaneously measure with a voltmeter in the 1st ORG and a millivoltmeter in the 2nd ORG and record the current values of the output levels with magnetic recording or computer services RPM low-voltage U _{Uout 1} (t) in the 1st ORG and _{Uout 2} (t) in the 2nd ORG at each installed test signal carrier level U _tf ; (c) after which they turn off the service simulator or GSS and proceed to the statistical processing of the onboard or airfield computer of the current values of the RPM low-voltage levels U _Гvy.n (t) measured in three (n = 0, 1, 2) ORGs, while calculated by standard methods for each set level of the test signal carrier U _{tc, the} values of the averaged levels _{Uqual. 0} ,

, _Gvyh.2 U (U _n) and their standard deviations ΔU _gvyh.0, ΔU _gvyh.1 (U _n), ΔU _gvyh.2 (U _n), and then averaged normalized levels _gvyh.1 U (U _{n), gvyh.2} U (U _n) with respect to the nominal level of the low-noise ≈ U U _{vyh.nsh gvyh.0} established at the beginning of the initial (n = 0) ORG and proximate the results of calculating the average level of self-noise LF RPM U _gvyh.0 , at the same time, the values are calculated and recorded by airborne or airfield means: normalized (dimensionless) averaged levels

normalized (dimensionless) standard deviations

confidence limits (x) a statistical estimation of the Gaussian approximation of the averaged normalized levels _gvyh.n δ (U _n); n = 1, 2, 3, with a guaranteed probability of their reliable (correct) assessment of at least 0.997:

(d) the values of the normalized levels are δ _guig1 (U _tf ), δ _guig2 (U _tf ), δ _guig.3 (U _tf ) and their confidence limits calculated by the general expressions (8), (9) are recorded airfield or on-board computers in the form of two-dimensional arrays of numerical data, display these data on the computer monitor screen in the form of graphs of normalized calibration AX RPMs δ _{guig. 1} (U _tf ), δ _{guig. 2} (U _tf ), δ _{guig. 3} (U _tf ) and their confidence limits on a double logarithmic scale as functions of the carrier level of the test signal U _tf , document these graphs in the form of their printouts on paper with a computer printer, and then use them at the PKD RPM stage to quantify the energy parameters of voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) according to the results of measurements at the DOK stage of normalized levels δ _{output 1} , δ _output 2, δ _{output 3} (2) and their confidence limits (3) according to algorithms 1 and 2; (e) to provide a quantitative estimate of the amplitude values of the useful information component AM m _{ps (np)} (t) or FM Δf _{ps (np)} (t) voltage PS (NP) u _{ps (np)} (t) (1) according to the normalized calibration DX RPM δ _{high 1} (M _tf | U _doc ) either

perform in the 1st RPM ORG additionally measure, register, statistically process and normalize the current effective values (levels) of the output RPM low-voltage U _{Uvyh 1} (t) in the 1st _full -time RPM ORG with several (at least five to seven) fixed values of the harmonic coefficient AM M _tf or deviation of the frequency of the harmonic FM Δf _max.tc test signal u _tf (t) (4) in increments of no more than 15 ... 20% of the maximum operational values of M _tf , Δf _max.tc up to 15 ... 20 % of these values and then in increments of 2.5 ... 5% up to 0.5 ... 1% inclusive for all values of the test signal carrier level U _tc specified in clause 3 (b); then proceed to the processing of the measurement results by the expressions (8), (9) on a computer with a monitor and printer; first, according to the graphs of the normalized calibration AX RPMs, _{δhigh 1} (U _tf | M _tf ) or δ _{guf. 1} (U _tc | Δf _max.tc ) determine their values at a fixed value of the test signal carrier level U _tf = U _doc , and then use the calculated values of the AH δ _{gvyh. 1} (U _doc | M _TS ),

as fixed values of the normalized calibration RP RPM

as a function of the harmonic coefficient AM M _tf or deviation of the frequency of the harmonic FM Δf _{max.tc of the} test signal u _tf (t) (4) at a fixed level of the carrier of the test signal U _tf = U _doc as a parameter of the indicated DC. 4. The method of operational instrumental assessment of the energy parameters of PS and NS according to paragraphs. 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that in the case when the measured values of the normalized levels are δ _{output 2} , δ _{output 3} defined by the general expressions (2) are simultaneously on the lower flat sections of the normalized alternative _AC RPM δ _{output 2} (U _{ps (np)} ), _δout.3 (U _{ps (np)} ), then repeat the process of the DOC RPM in the 1st and 2nd ORC with the attenuation of the built-in discretely controlled RF attenuator of the RPM and, if this is not enough, a similar RPD attenuator - PS (NP) source, while the actual attenuation δ _{att of} these attenuators in the 1st and 2nd RPM RPMs at the stage of repeated measurements is set such that the new calculated value of the PS (NP) carrier level

was in a monotonously decreasing section of the normalized alternative calibration AX RPM δ _{high 2} (U _tf )> 0.002 ... 0.003; then the new value of the carrier PS (NP)

in decibels (dB), the attenuation δ _att in decibels (dB) is increased by the actual attenuation, i.e. accept that

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