RU2706931C1 - Composite metal-diamond coating, method of its production, disperse system for deposition of composite metal-diamond coating and method for its production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of metal-diamond coating by chemical or electrochemical deposition from solution or electrolyte respectively. Composite metal-diamond coating, made in form of metal film formed on article surface, contains two layers with particles of synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance dispersed in them. Method of producing said metal-diamond coating comprises depositing metal and a synthetic carbon diamond-containing material in form of a metal film, wherein the first layer is deposited on the surface of the article by chemical or electrochemical deposition from a solution or electrolyte respectively containing a source of ions of the deposited metal and a disperse system. Then the second layer is deposited by means of chemical or electrochemical deposition. Method of producing said disperse system involves annealing in an inert medium a powder of a diamond-containing charge, which is a mixture of diamonds and non-diamond forms of carbon, mixing said powder with an aqueous solution containing a substance selected from a group comprising hypophosphorous acid, sodium hypophosphite, calcium hypophosphite, ammonium phosphinate, hydrazine, hydrazinium sulphate, hydrazinium chloride or mixture thereof, or from a group comprising sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or mixture thereof, or from a group comprising nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid or a mixture thereof, or with aqueous solutions containing substances from said groups, and treatment with substances from said groups at temperature of 20–270 °C, pressure of 0.1–8 MPa, ultrasound exposure with frequency of 22–42 kHz in vacuum for 5 minutes to 4 hours, separation of obtained product in form of particles of synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance from waste substances, washing with water using hydrodynamic treatment, and then ultrasonic treatment and addition of said liquid disperse medium and said stabilizer until disperse system reaches pH 3.5–7.1.

EFFECT: obtaining a composite metal-diamond coating with improved operational characteristics due to high corrosion resistance, microhardness, wear resistance, adhesion, as well as obtaining a dispersed system having high aggregative stability.

22 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of producing a metal-diamond coating by chemical or electrochemical deposition from a solution or electrolyte, respectively, containing a source of ions of the deposited metal and a dispersed system consisting of a mixture of a liquid dispersed medium, a solid dispersed phase and a stabilizer, where water is used as a dispersed medium, and as a solid dispersed medium using particles of synthetic carbon diamond-containing substances. This invention can find wide application in industry, transport, nuclear industry, military field, aviation and space fields.

Currently, the creation of composite metal-diamond coatings, which have high operational and technical characteristics, is one of their urgent problems.

Known diamond-carbon substance and method for its preparation, RU No. 2041165, IPC СВВ 31/06, 08/09/1995, the Diamond-carbon substance contains wt. %: carbon cubic modification 30-75, X-ray amorphous carbon phase 10-15, carbon crystalline modification the rest with a quantitative ratio in wt. %: carbon 84-89, hydrogen 0.3-1.1, nitrogen 3.1-4.3, oxygen 2.0-7.1, non-combustible impurities up to 5.0. This substance is obtained by detonation of an explosive with a negative oxygen balance in a closed volume in a medium inert with respect to carbon at a cooling rate of detonation products of 200-6000 ° C / min. Cooling is carried out due to heat removal during the expiration of combustion products through the Laval nozzle. The explosive consists of TNT and RDX in the ratio of wt. % 60/40. The obtained diamond-carbon substance is used as an additive in lubricating oils and polytetrafluoropolyethylene [1].

Known nanodiamonds and the method of its production, RU No. 2348580, IPC C01B 31/06, 03/10/2009, Nanodiamond contains wt. %: carbon cubic modification 82-95, X-ray amorphous carbon phase 18-5, with a quantitative ratio in wt. %: carbon 90.2-98, hydrogen 0.1-5.0, nitrogen 1.5-3.0, oxygen 0.1-4.5. This nanodiamond is obtained by detonating an explosive with negative oxygen balance in a closed volume in a gaseous medium inert to carbon surrounded by the condensed phase in the form of water or ice containing a reducing agent. The explosive consists of TNT, RDX or HMX in the ratio of wt. % 30/70. Chemical cleaning of nanodiamonds is carried out by treating with a 2-40% aqueous solution of nitric acid at a temperature of 200-280 ° C and a pressure of 5-15 MPa. The obtained nanodiamond is used in composite materials as an additive that improves operational properties [2].

A diamond-carbon substance and a method for producing it are known, RU No. 2604846, IPC C01B 31/06, 02/21/2017. A diamond-carbon substance in the form of particles of a rounded shape containing carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and non-combustible impurities in an amount of 0.01-0, 2 wt. % A method for producing a diamond-carbon substance includes a two-stage treatment of the initial diamond-containing substance with acids, initially with a mixture of aqueous solutions of nitric acid with a concentration of 30-40 wt. % and hydrofluoric acid with a concentration of 20-30 wt. % at room temperature, and then with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 15-20 wt. % at the boiling point of the mixture. The obtained diamond-containing substance is used for the manufacture of polishing compositions, additives for polymeric materials, compositions and sorbents for medicine and biotechnology [3].

A known method of selective aftertreatment of nanodiamonds, RU No. 2506095, IPC C01B 31/06, 02/10/2014, the Method of selective aftertreatment of nanodiamonds consisting in treatment with aqueous alkali solutions at a temperature of 20-100 ° C using centrifugation, washing, ultrasonic treatment and oxidative modification. Nanodiamonds are used in pharmacology and nanotechnology [4].

Known composite metal-diamond coating, method for its production, electrolyte, diamond-containing electrolyte additive and method for its production ", RU No. 2404294, IPC C25D 15/00, 11/20/2010

A composite metal-diamond coating in the form of a metal film on the surface of a product containing carbon in the form of ultrafine diamond nuclei surrounded by a shell of X-ray amorphous carbon and surface functional groups containing oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, with a ratio of core mass to shell mass (60-92) : (40-8), respectively, and having an elemental composition in wt. %: carbon 91-94, hydrogen 1.6-5.0, nitrogen 1.8-4.5, oxygen 2.0-8.5.

A method for producing a coating includes deposition of an deposited metal containing a source of ions from an electrolyte and a diamond-containing additive in the form of an aqueous suspension of particles of synthetic carbon diamond-containing material in a concentration of from 0.1-10.0 g / l of electrolyte.

An electrolyte containing a source of ions of the deposited metal and a diamond-containing additive in the form of an aqueous suspension of particles of synthetic carbon diamond-containing material in a concentration of 0.1-10.0 g / l of electrolyte.

The diamond-containing electrolyte additive is made in the form of an aqueous suspension of particles of synthetic carbon diamond-containing material in a concentration of 0.1-200.0 g / l of an aqueous suspension.

A method of obtaining a diamond-containing additive, including processing a pre-dried powder of a diamond-containing mixture with nitric acid at boiling for 2.0-5.0 hours, separating the resulting product and washing with distilled water until a suspension of pH 5.0-7.0 (D5) is reached.

This decision [5] was adopted as a prototype.

It is known from [1, 2, 5] that as a result of an explosion of explosive charges in a non-oxidizing medium, containing: TNT, RDX or HMX in the ratio of May: 50/50, 60/40, 30/70, having negative oxygen The balance is formed by a diamond-containing charge (AS), which is a mixture of diamond and non-diamond forms of carbon. In an explosion, the pressure in the front of the shock wave reaches 22-28 GPa and the temperature is in the range of 3000-4000 K. Explosive explosions can be carried out in various media selected from the group: gas, water, ice. Obtained by the indicated method, AS can contain various forms of carbon: cubic carbon, crystalline carbon, X-ray amorphous carbon and surface groups: carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, methyl, nitrile, quinone, lactone, ether, aldehyde. The resulting carbon particles are characterized by small sizes in the range of 2.5-8 nm and have a developed active surface of 200-660 m ² / g.

From [2, 3, 4, 5], there are known methods for processing, cleaning, and purifying AS with aqueous acid solutions, aqueous alkali solutions or organic solvents, resulting in: ultrafine diamond (UDD), synthetic carbon diamond-containing material (SUAM), diamond-carbon substance (AB), diamond-carbon material (AM), nanodiamonds (ON).

Known solutions [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] have several disadvantages.

The disadvantages of the solution [1]:

1. Processing, cleaning of diamond-carbon substances is not performed;

2. Diamond-carbon substance in an amount of 5% is introduced into composite materials based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE);

3. The norming condition is not fulfilled when the sum of the mass of the core and the mass of the shell must be equal to 100% by mass;

4. Diamond-carbon substance is used in lubricating oils and as a component in rubber products.

The disadvantages of the solution [2]:

1. In the elemental composition, non-combustible impurities are not taken into account. In fact, non-combustible impurities are always present;

2. The norming condition is not fulfilled when the sum of the mass of the core and the mass of the shell must be equal to 100% by mass;

3. Chemical cleaning of the nanodiamond is carried out only with aqueous solutions of nitric acid together with oxygen of compressed air at a pressure of 5-15 MPa and a temperature of 200-280 ° C;

4. The detonation of explosives is carried out in a shell of a condensed phase in the form of water or ice.

The disadvantages of the solution [3]:

1. There is no elemental composition of diamond-carbon substance (AB), except for the content of non-combustible impurities in it in the range of 0.01-0.2 wt. %;

2. The method of obtaining AB includes initial treatment with a mixture of nitric and hydrofluoric acid at room temperature for a long time 72-74 hours;

3. The method of obtaining AB includes subsequent processing with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid for 2.5-3 hours at the boiling point of the reaction mixture, as well as washing from acids;

4. In the method for producing a diamond-carbon substance, the original AB is used in the form of a powder or suspension without a stabilizer.

The disadvantages of the solution [4]:

1. There is no elemental composition of a nanodiamond (HA) extracted from a diamond charge (AS);

2. Isolation of HA from AS was carried out only by thermal acid treatment with a mixture of sulfuric acid and chromic anhydride;

3. Isolation of NA from AS was carried out only by thermal acid treatment with nitric acid under pressure;

4. Post-treatment of HA was carried out only with NaOH solution using ultrasound and centrifugation.

The disadvantages of the solution [5] adopted as a prototype:

1. In the elemental composition of the composite metal-diamond coating (CMAP), non-combustible impurities are not taken into account. In fact, upon receipt of synthetic carbon diamond-containing material (SUAM) during the detonation of explosives based on TNT and RDX, non-combustible impurities are always present;

2. The normalization condition is not fulfilled in KMAP, when the sum of the mass of the core and the mass of the shell should be equal to 100% by mass;

3. KMAP is only a single-layer coating in the form of a metal film containing SUAM particles dispersed in the specified metal film;

4. In the method of obtaining CMAP, the norming condition is not fulfilled when the sum of the mass of the core and the mass of the shell should be equal to 100% by mass;

5. In the electrolyte for electrochemical deposition of CMAP, the normalization condition is not fulfilled when the sum of the mass of the core and the mass of the shell must be equal to 100% by mass;

6. The method of producing KMAP and electrolyte as a source of ions of the deposited metal is used only: iron, chromium, nickel, zinc, gold;

7. The method of producing KMAP and the electrolyte do not use a source of ions of the deposited metal in the form of: antimony, lead, cadmium, tungsten, bismuth, manganese, cobalt of copper, silver, platinum, palladium;

8. The diamond-containing additive (AD) in its composition does not take into account the presence of non-combustible impurities, which in fact are always present;

9. In the elemental composition of blood pressure, the standardization condition is not fulfilled when the sum of the mass of the core and the mass of the shell should be equal to 100% by mass;

10. The aqueous suspension of blood pressure does not contain a stabilizer to increase its aggregate stability and prevent the adhesion of SUAM particles;

11. The method of producing blood pressure does not take into account the presence of non-combustible impurities, and the normalization condition is not met when the sum of the mass of the core and the mass of the shell should be equal to 100% by mass;

12. In the method of producing blood pressure in the form of an aqueous suspension, a stabilizer is not used to increase its aggregate stability by preventing the adhesion of SUAM particles;

13. In the method of producing blood pressure, the treatment of pre-dried powder of ASH with only nitric acid is used at boiling (110-120 ° C) for 2.0-5.0 hours;

Known the above solutions have a number of significant drawbacks and do not have the currently required operational and technical characteristics for corrosion resistance, microhardness, wear resistance, adhesion to the surface of the base metal, the need to reduce the friction coefficient.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a composite metal-diamond coating, a method for its production, a disperse system for a solution or an electrolyte and a method for its production to achieve higher operational and technical characteristics by increasing corrosion resistance, microhardness, wear resistance, adhesion to the surface of the base metal and applied layer, the need to reduce the coefficient of friction, simplify technology and improve the quality of coating, the use of stabilizing substances tv in the dispersion to improve its aggregative stability by preventing coalescence of the particles of the synthetic diamond-bearing carbon material.

The solution to this problem is achieved in that the composite metal-diamond coating, made in the form of a metal film formed on the surface of the product, containing two layers, made in the form of a metal film formed on the surface of the product, for example, selected from the group: iron, nickel, chromium, zinc , lead, antimony, cadmium, titanium, tungsten, bismuth, manganese, cobalt, copper, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, with dispersed particles of synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance containing carbon in the form of nuclei ultrafine diamond surrounded by a shell containing X-ray amorphous carbon, and having on the surface of the particles surface functional groups containing oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, with the ratio of the mass of the core selected from the range from 55 to 93 wt. %, to the mass of the shell selected from the range from 7 to 45 wt. %, and having an elemental composition by weight: carbon 85.6-95%, hydrogen 1.3-1.5%, nitrogen 1.5-3.0%, oxygen 1.9-9.0%, non-combustible impurities 0 , 3-0.9%.

It should be noted that the normalization condition must be met when the sum of the core mass and the shell mass must be equal to 100% by mass in the selected ranges, and also the elemental composition must be equal to 100% by mass in the selected ranges.

The solution to this problem is achieved in that the method of producing a metal-diamond coating, including the deposition of metal and synthetic carbon diamond-containing substances in the form of a metal film, characterized in that the first layer is deposited on the surface of the product by chemical or electrochemical deposition from a solution or electrolyte, respectively, containing a source metal ions, selected from the group: iron, nickel, chromium, zinc, lead, antimony, cadmium, titanium, tungsten, bismuth, manganese, cobalt, copper, gold carbon, silver, platinum, palladium and a disperse system consisting of a mixture of a liquid dispersed medium, a solid dispersed phase and a stabilizer, where water is used as a dispersed medium, particles of a synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance containing carbon in the form of nuclei are used as a solid dispersed phase ultrafine diamond surrounded by a shell containing X-ray amorphous carbon and having surface functional groups containing oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen on the surface of the particles, with the ratio aces nucleus chosen within the range from 55 to 93 wt. %, to the mass of the shell selected from the range from 7 to 45 wt. %, and having an elemental composition by weight: carbon 85.6-95%, hydrogen 1.3-1.5%, nitrogen 1.5-3.0%, oxygen 1.9-9.0%, non-combustible impurities 0 , 3-0.9%, the stabilizer can be selected from the group: low molecular weight electrolyte, colloidal surfactant, or a combination thereof, then the second layer is deposited by chemical or electrochemical deposition from a solution or electrolyte, respectively, containing a source of ions of the deposited metal selected from the specified group and the specified dispersed system, while before and after the deposition of each of the layers pr plaguing surface treatment by washing with water, drying, treatment with chemicals, mechanical treatment process, thermal treatment, or several of them.

It should be noted that the normalization condition must be met when the sum of the core mass and the shell mass must be equal to 100% by mass in the selected ranges, and also the elemental composition must be equal to 100% by mass in the selected ranges.

Chemical deposition of the coating is carried out by the displacement method, the galvanic pair method, the chemical reduction method, or a combination of methods.

The displacement method is based on the displacement of metal ions from a solution by a more active metal, for example, the deposition of copper on an iron plate placed in a solution of copper sulfate.

The galvanic pair method is based on creating a galvanic pair between the base metal and a more active metal, for example, when silver is deposited on a copper plate, a galvanic pair is created using a more active metal of aluminum and magnesium. In this case, the more active metal gives up its electrons to copper and on the negatively charged copper surface, Ag ⁺ ions are reduced to metal.

The method of chemical reduction is that metal coatings are obtained as a result of the reduction of metal ions from aqueous solutions containing a reducing agent. Currently, there are methods for producing coatings by chemical reduction for more than 20 different metals. The same method can be used to obtain coatings with galvanic alloys: Ni-P, Ni-B, Ni-Co-P, Ni-Mo-B, Ni-Cr-P, Ni-Sn-P, Ni-Cu-B and others.

The chemical reduction method is based on the reaction of the interaction of metal ions with a dissolved reducing agent on the metal surface. The oxidation of the reducing agent and the reduction of metal ions proceed at a noticeable rate on metals exhibiting autocatalytic properties, that is, the metal formed as a result of chemical reduction from a solution catalyzes a further oxidation reaction of the reducing agent. Autocatalytic properties are possessed by: nickel, iron, copper, silver, gold, palladium, platinum. There is a well-known series of metal activity in redox reactions in aqueous solutions of Li-Rb-K-Ba-Sr-Ca-Na-Mg-Al-Mn-Cr-Zn-Fe-Cd-Co-Ni-Sn-Pb-H -Sb-Bi-Cu-Hg-Ag-Pd-Pt-Au. In this row, the reduction ability of metals is weakened from left to right, and the oxidation ability of metal cations in aqueous solution is weakened from right to left.

For chemical or electrochemical precipitation, an aqueous solution and an electrolyte containing substances selected from the group are used: inorganic salt - sulfate, chloride or cyanide, inorganic cyanide complex compound, inorganic or organic acid, and, if necessary, additional ingredients selected from the group: chromium anhydride, potassium dichromate, sodium dichromate, ammonium dichromate, sodium bisulfate, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium hydroxide, ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, hydrazine, hydrazine sulfate , hydrazinium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium hypoposphite, sodium titanate, potassium dicyanoargent, potassium dicyanoourate, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium acetate, ammonium acetate, magnesium citrate, sodium citrate, saccharin, chromyl fluoride, thiourea, segleta glue, g glutin, disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, phthalimide, sodium fluoride phenolphthalein, butanediol, trichloroethylamide, sodium lauryl sulfate, zinc monophosphate, zinc nitrate, or a combination thereof.

The sulfate used is: sodium sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, nickel sulfate, iron sulfate, chromium sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, lead sulfate (II, IV), tungsten disulfide, bismuth (III) sulfate, sulfate cobalt (II, III), antimony sulfate, titanium sulfate (II, III, IV), or a mixture thereof.

As the chloride used: sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, iron chloride, nickel chloride, chromium chloride (II, III, IV), zinc chloride, antimony chloride (III, V), lead chloride (II, IV), tungsten chloride (II , III, IV, V, VI), bismuth chloride (I, II, III, IV), cobalt chloride (II, III), magnesium (II) chloride, cadmium (II) chloride, manganese chloride (II, IV), copper chloride (I, II), gold chloride (I, II, III), silver chloride, platinum chloride (II, IV), palladium chloride or a mixture thereof.

The following are used as inorganic or organic acids: sulfuric, hydrochloric, chromic, boric, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen cyanide, carbonic, nitrogenous, hydrogen sulfide, hypochlorous, orthophosphoric, acrylic, methacrylic, citric, oxalic, acetic, formic or their mixture.

Inorganic and organic acids are added to the solution and electrolyte to select and adjust the optimal pH value of pH, which is a measure of the activity of hydrogen ions in solution and electrolyte, quantitatively expressing their acidity.

If necessary, a reducing agent is added to the solution and electrolyte, which is hypophosphorous acid, sodium hypophosphite, calcium hypophosphite, ammonium phosphinate, hydrazine, hydrazine sulfate, hydrazinium chloride or a mixture thereof.

As cyanide compounds are used: sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, copper cyanide, potassium dicyano argentate, potassium dicyanoate or a mixture thereof.

A dispersed system is a mixture consisting of at least two substances that completely or practically do not mix with each other and do not react chemically with each other.

As already noted above, a dispersed system consists of a mixture of a liquid dispersed medium, a solid dispersed phase and a stabilizer, where water is used as a dispersed medium, particles of a synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance as a solid dispersed phase, and a substance selected from the group: low molecular weight electrolyte is used as a stabilizer , colloidal surfactant (surfactant) or a combination thereof.

A stabilizer is a substance, the addition of which to a dispersed system increases its aggregate stability, that is, it prevents the particles of synthetic carbon diamond-containing substances from sticking together, provides a uniform colloidal distribution of the solid dispersed phase in a liquid dispersed medium, and prevents the particles of synthetic carbon diamond-containing substances from settling, which simplifies the technology and improving the quality of the coating.

A low molecular weight electrolyte can be selected from the group: inorganic electrolyte, organic electrolyte, acids from the group: sulfuric, hydrochloric, boric, hydrofluoric, orthophosphoric, chromic, hydrogen cyanide, coal, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide or a mixture thereof, or a mixture thereof, or from hydroxide groups: sodium, potassium, ammonium, or a mixture thereof, organic electrolytes can be selected from the group of acids: acetic, formic, citric, oxalic, acrylic, methacrylic, or a mixture thereof.

A colloidal surfactant can be an anionic surfactant and is selected from the group: sodium caprine, sodium dodecanoate, sodium moristinate, sodium oleate, potassium oleate, potassium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, 4-dodecylbenzene sulfonate or a mixture of them, or a mixture thereof, or a mixture thereof groups.

In the case where the stabilizer is an ionic substance, i.e. If it decays in solution into ions, then the electrostatic stability factor necessarily acts. A double electric layer forms on the surface of the particles of the synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance, an electrokinetic potential and corresponding electrostatic repulsive forces arise, which prevent the particles from sticking together. The stabilizing effect of inorganic and organic electrolytes is limited only by the electrostatic stability factor.

The stabilizing effect of colloidal surfactants is determined by their ability to adsorb on the interfacial surface, forming an adsorption shell. A surfactant adsorbed on the surface of particles reduces surface energy, and long-chain hydrocarbon radicals, forming a structure in the adsorption layer, give elasticity and strength to the protective adsorption-solvation shell with a decrease in surface tension at the particle-medium interface. Having a diphilic structure, a colloidal surfactant is capable of adsorbing on both polar and nonpolar surfaces, lyophilizing them. In accordance with the rule of alignment of the Rebinder polarity, the stabilizing effect of the surfactant is more significant, the greater the initial difference in the polarities of the solid particle and the liquid dispersion medium. Therefore, when using a colloidal surfactant as a stabilizer, an adsorption-solvation stability factor is realized.

For example, to obtain a dispersed system of synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance (SUAI) particles in water, potassium oleate can be used, which is adsorbed by a non-polar hydrocarbon radical on SUAU particles, and the polar group directed towards the water is hydrated by it, and thereby the surface of the SUAU particle becomes wettable water, that is, is hydrophilized and the dispersed system is stabilized. The selection of surfactants for stabilization of disperse systems is based on the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB). HLB is a numerical measure of the degree to which a substance is hydrophilic or lipophilic. Substances with HLB less than 10 are fat-soluble, and substances with HLB more than 10 are water-soluble.

For example, if it is necessary to stabilize a dispersed system of polar particles in a non-polar liquid, then a colloidal surfactant with a low HLB value, usually 3-6, i.e. slightly soluble in water.

For example, if it is necessary to stabilize a dispersed system of non-polar particles in a polar liquid, then colloidal surfactants with high HLB values, usually 8-13, i.e. quite soluble in water.

It should be noted that a maximum of stabilizing properties is observed for surfactants with 14-16 carbon atoms (Donan maximum).

The stabilizer is introduced into the dispersed system in an amount of 0.01-10 g / l of the dispersed system.

As treatment with chemicals, degreasing, etching, anodic decapitation, sensitization, activation, or several of them are carried out.

Electrochemical or chemical degreasing is carried out with substances selected from the group: an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or alkali metal salts, organic solvents, surfactants, electrolyte degreasing electrolytes.

White spirit, nefras, benzene, toluene, trichlorethylene, tetrachlorethylene, freon-113 may be useful as organic solvents.

As surface-active substances (surfactants) for degreasing, alkyl sulfonate, sulfonol, syntanol, syntamide may be useful.

For example, electrochemical degreasing is carried out in a solution of the composition, g / l: trisodium phosphate - 40-50, sodium hydroxide - 20-40, soda ash - 10-50, liquid sodium glass - 3-5 at a temperature of 30-80 ° C and current density 2-10 A / dm ² with treatment at the cathode for 0.5-10 minutes and treatment at the anode for 0.5-3 minutes, or degreasing without current for 15-20 minutes.

For example, cold degreasing in a solution of the composition, g / l: sodium hydroxide - 40-50, composition NA-50 - 12-18, NA-51 - 10-15, at a cathodic current density of 3-4 A / dm ² and anode density current 2-3 A / dm ² . Processing at the cathode for 5-10 minutes, at the anode for 2-3 minutes.

Etching is carried out with aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, or a mixture thereof, as well as electrolytic electrolytic etching, for example, in a solution of hydrochloric acid of 100-200 g / l for 1-5 minutes.

Anodic decapitation is carried out in an electrolyte containing a source of ions of the deposited metal, or in a special electrolyte.

Decapitation (activation) is the removal of the thinnest oxide films from the treated surface of the product, which are formed during degreasing and washing, as well as exposure of the metal structure. Sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium cyanide, sodium cyanide may be useful for decapitation.

For example, during chromium plating, treatment is carried out in the main electrolyte for 0.5-1 minute with a current strength of 300-370 A, current density of 20-25 A / dm ² , or a chemical solution of g / l: hydrofluoric acid (40%) - 15 -20, nitric acid (65%) - 40-50, water - 25-30, at a temperature of 18-25 ° C for 1.5-2.0 minutes.

During the deposition of nickel and iron, decapitation is carried out in special electrolytes.

For example, the composition for nickel decapitation, g / l: nickel sulfate - 250-300, sodium chloride - 10-20, chromic anhydride - 0.01-0.1, zinc chloride or sulfate - 10-20.

Metals: copper, tungsten, titanium, as well as non-metallic materials are not catalysts for the oxidation reaction of the reducing agent, therefore, to impart catalytic properties to the surface of the product, it is subjected to a special treatment, which includes two sequential stages of sensitization and activation.

Sensitization (increased sensitivity) is carried out with solutions of metal salts selected from the group: Sn ²⁺ , Fe ²⁺ , Ti ³⁺ , water, acid, ethanol or mixtures thereof are used as a solvent. An effective method of sensitization is to treat the surface of the product with a solution of tin chloride.

For example, sensitization is carried out from a solution of the composition: tin chloride - 50 g / l; hydrochloric acid - 10 ml / l.

Activation consists in treating with solutions of compounds of catalytically active metals selected from the group: palladium, platinum, silver, rhodium, water, acid, ammonia, sodium hydroxide or mixtures thereof are used as a solvent. The most widely used are solutions containing palladium chloride.

For example, activation is carried out from a solution of the composition: palladium chloride - 0.25 g / l; hydrochloric acid - 10 ml / l.

The product is dried in air due to blowing with hot air at a temperature of 20-70 ° C for 10 minutes to 1 hour.

If necessary, the product is processed mechanically, selected from the group: grinding, polishing, sandblasting with grinding powder, or various combinations thereof.

Heat treatment includes annealing the product in air or vacuum at a temperature of 50-800 ° C for 10 minutes to 3 hours.

Heat treatment also includes high-frequency current quenching of the surface layer of the metal product to a depth of 0.1-1 mm to achieve hardness, for example 45-50 HRC.

For example, a layer of a composite metal-diamond coating is deposited by chemical deposition of nickel onto titanium alloy products from a solution of the composition, g / l: nickel sulfate or nickel chloride — 20-30; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; sodium acetate - 10-15; sodium hypophosphite - 23-30; thiourea - 0.001-0.003; acetic acid -5-10, at pH = 4.3-5.0, temperature 85-95 ° C, loading density 1-2 dm ² / l, for 2-10 minutes. A solution of sodium hypophosphite is introduced immediately before nickilization. The solution can be used and adjusted before the accumulation of phosphites up to 50-60 g / l.

For example, chemical precipitation of nickel can also be carried out from a solution of the composition, g / l: nickel chloride - 20-30; potassium fluoride 2.5-10; glycolic acid - 25-35; a synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7, at pH = 2.8-3.2 - is adjusted with sulfuric or hydrochloric acid, at a temperature of 18-25 ° C, for 4-10 minutes.

For example, a layer of a composite metal-diamond coating is deposited by electrochemical deposition of a nickel-diamond coating on steel products (KhN80TBYu, KhN77TYURU-VD) made from an electrolyte composition, g / l: nickel sulfate - 200-300; nickel chloride - 25-60; boric acid - 40-60; 1.4 butanediol - 0.15-0.2; saccharin - 1-1.5; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7, current density - 4-12 A / dm ² , at a temperature of 70-80 ° C, pH = 2-3.

For example, a layer of a composite metal-diamond coating is deposited by electrochemical deposition of a nickel-diamond coating on titanium alloy products from a solution of the composition, g / l: nickel sulfate - 140-150; sodium sulfate - 40-50; magnesium sulfate - 25-30; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; sodium chloride - 5-10; sodium fluoride - 2-3; boric acid - 20-25, at a temperature of 70-80 ° C, current density - up to 20 A / dm ² .

For example, electrochemical deposition of a nickel-diamond coating can also be carried out from an electrolyte composition, g / l: nickel sulfate - 10-30; oxalic ammonium - 40-90; oxalic acid - 0.8-1.0; sodium fluoride - 3-15; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7, at a temperature of 20-60 ° C, pH = 4-8, current density - up to 20 A / dm ² .

For example, electrochemical deposition of a nickel-diamond coating is carried out from a borofluoride electrolyte composition, g / l: nickel borofluoride - 300-400; nickel chloride - 10-15; boric acid - 10-15; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7, at a temperature of 45-55 ° С, Рн = 3-3.5, current density - up to 20 A / dm ² , current efficiency 95-98%.

For example, electrochemical deposition of a nickel-diamond coating is carried out from a hydrofluoric acid electrolyte composition, g / l: nickel silicofluoride - 400-700; nickel chloride - 25-50; boric acid - 30-40; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7, at a temperature of 20-50 ° C, pH = 0.5-1, current density - up to 15 A / dm ² .

For example, the electrochemical deposition of a nickel-diamond coating is carried out from a sulfamic electrolyte composition, g / l: sulfamic acid nickel - 280-300; boric acid - 25-30; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; sodium chloride 2-3 ml / l; paratoluene sulfamide - 1.5-2; Detergent Progress - 2-3 ml / l, at a temperature of 40-45 ° C, pH = 3-4.5, current density up to 20 A / dm ² .

For example, the technological process of chemical or electrochemical deposition of a metal-diamond coating on products from titanium alloys includes:

1. Installation of the product on the device;

2. Degreasing in an organic solvent. Air drying to completely remove solvent vapor;

3. Degreasing electrochemical or chemical. Cold flushing, hot flushing, drying;

4. Annealing of the product at a temperature of 500-700 ° C for 40-60 minutes;

5. Sandblasting with grinding powder;

6. Degreasing electrochemical or chemical (paragraph 3);

7. Chemical decapitation in an acid solution. Rinsing in cold running water, rinsing in distilled water;

8. Chemical or electrochemical deposition of a metal-diamond coating from a solution or electrolyte, respectively;

9. Rinsing in cold running water, washing in hot running water, washing in hot distilled water or deionized water at a temperature of 65-70 ° C;

10. Drying with compressed air to remove traces of moisture;

11. Annealing of the product at a temperature of 200-300 ° C for 1.5-2 hours.

For example, a composite metal-diamond coating layer is deposited by chemical or electrochemical deposition of a chromium-diamond coating on steel products, copper and their alloys, titanium alloys.

For example, the technological process of chemical or electrochemical deposition of a metal-diamond coating on steel products, copper and their alloys, titanium alloys includes:

1. Degreasing with organic solvents: solvent 646, acetone. The operation is performed if necessary (with severe contamination). Wipe with a rag until fat is completely removed. With severe surface contamination, it is allowed to clean in an ultrasonic bath with an alkaline solution;

2. Insulation of the product surface not subject to coating using SC-1 electroplating tape or insulating varnish;

3. Installation of the product on the device;

4. Degreasing electrochemical composition, g / l: sodium hydroxide - 10-30, composition Chemeta Na-66 - 10-15, or composition Chemeta Na-60 - 100-150 ml / l, at a temperature of 30-50 ° C, density current 2-10 A / dm ² for 10-15 minutes;

5. Rinsing with running hot water with a temperature of 50-60 ° C for 0.3-1 minutes. Water flow rate is set with the 2 ^x multiple substitutions bath per shift. In case of insufficient washing quality, an additional irrigation system is provided;

6. Rinsing with running cold water with a temperature of 20-22 ° C for 0.5-1 minutes. The water flow rate is set taking into account 2 ^x multiple bath changes per shift;

7. Etching with chemical compounds selected from the group:

Composition 1: nitric acid with a density of 1.41 g / cm ³ - 50 vol. %, sulfuric acid with a density of 1.84 g \ cm ³ - 50 vol. %, sodium chloride - 5-10 g / l, at a temperature of less than 25 ° C for up to 0.2 minutes;

Composition 2: acetic acid - 260-265 g / l, phosphoric acid - 830-850 g / l, thiourea - 0.2-0.3 g / l at a temperature of 15-25 ° C for up to 0.5-1 ,5 minutes;

Composition 3: hydrochloric acid with a density of 1.19 g / cm ³ - 250-300 g / l, composition Muriatikols - 5-12 g / l at a temperature of 15-25 ° C for up to 0.5-1.5 minutes. Compounds 1,2 are used for parts made of copper and alloys with scale. Composition 3 are used for steels and alloys.

8. Rinsing with running cold water at a temperature of 20-22 ° C for 0.5-1 minutes. The water flow rate is set taking into account 2 ^x multiple bath changes per shift;

9. Clarification by chemical composition, g / l: chromic anhydride - 70-120, sulfuric acid - 5-30, sodium chloride - 3-5, at a temperature of 10-25 ° C for 5-10 s. for steel and 2-5 s. for copper. In the process of clarification, the parts are shaken. In case of loss of efficiency, the clarification solution is replaced. Lightening is carried out if necessary;

10. Rinsing with running cold water at a temperature of 20-22 ° C for 0.5-1 minutes, the water flow rate is set taking into account 2 ^x multiple water changes per shift;

11. Dropping in hydrochloric acid with a density of 1.19 g / cm ³ - 150-200 g / l at a temperature of 15-25 ° C for 0.5-1 minutes;

12. Rinsing with running cold water at a temperature of 20-22 ° C for 0.25-0.5 minutes, the water flow rate is set taking into account 2 ^x multiple water changes per shift;

13. Chemical or electrochemical deposition of a metal-diamond coating.

For example, chemical deposition of a chromium-diamond coating is carried out from a solution of the composition g / l:

Composition 1: chromyl fluoride - 12-14; sodium citrate - 5-8; acetic acid - 10; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; sodium hypophosphite -5-7, at a temperature of 85-90 ° C, pH 8-11, deposition rate of 1-2.5 μm / h,

Composition 2: chrome acetic acid - 25-30; nickel acetate - 0.5-1; sodium glycolate - 35-40; sodium acetate - 18-25; sodium citrate - 35-40; acetic acid - 12-15; sodium hydroxide - 12-15; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; sodium hypophosphite - 14-15, at a temperature of 85-90 ° C, pH 4-6, the deposition rate of 2-2.5 microns / h,

Composition 3: chromium fluoride - 5-10; chromium chloride - 5-10; sodium pyrophosphate - 75-100; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; sodium citrate - 25-30, at a temperature of 98-100 ° C, pH 8-11, the deposition rate of 0.15-0.25 microns / h,

For example, electrochemical deposition of a brilliant chromium-diamond coating (Chbl), hard chrome-diamond coating (Xtv.), Wear-resistant chromium-diamond coating (Khizn.) At a deposition rate of 0.28-0.31 microns / min. carried out from an electrolyte composition g / l:

Composition 1: chromic anhydride - 230-280, sulfuric acid - 2-4, trivalent chromium - 2-3, synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7, brightening additive TsKN-41 - 5-10 ml / l.

Composition 2: chromic anhydride - 230-250 g / l; sulfuric acid - 2-4 g / l; trivalent chromium - 2-3 g / l; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7 g / l.

Composition 3: chromic anhydride 230-250 g / l, sulfuric acid - 2-4 g / l, trivalent chromium - 2-3 g / l, oxidized diamond charge in the form of a dispersed system - 4-11 g / l.

According to the designation Chbl., Composition 1 - cathode current density of 30-70 A \ dm ² , temperature 55 (+ -) 2 ° С.

According to the designation Xtv., Composition 1,2 - cathodic current density 50-100 A \ dm ² , temperature 45 (+ -) 2 ° С.

According to the designation Life., Composition 1,2,3- - cathode current density 40-70 A \ dm ² , temperature 55 (+ -) 2 ° С. Parts made of copper and copper alloys are hung under a working current. Anode dipping is not performed. Anodic decapitation is performed for steel parts with a chrome coating thickness of 0.025-0.15 microns, lasting 5-200 s. After decapitating the steel parts, chromium plating should begin with an increase in current, within 1-2 minutes the current density should exceed 1.5-2 times the nominal, then the current density is reduced within 1-1.5 minutes to the nominal value.

14. The first capture is carried out in the capture bath for 0.5-1 minutes. The bath solution is used to replenish the chromium electrolyte;

15. The second capture is carried out in the capture bath for 0.5-1 minutes. The bath solution is used to make up the solution of the first capture bath;

16. Rinsing with running cold water with a temperature of 20-22 ° C for 7-15 minutes. Water flow rate is set with the multiple ^x 4 substitutions per shift bath. In case of insufficient washing quality, an additional irrigation system is provided;

17. The product is dried in an oven at a temperature of 50-70 ° C with blowing with warm air.

For example, the electrochemical deposition of an iron-diamond coating on aluminum and its alloys is carried out from an electrolyte composition, g / l: iron chloride - 200-300; manganese chloride - 20-30; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; hydrochloric acid - 0.5-1, at a temperature of 60-80 ° C, current density - 30-50 A / dm ² , current output 90-95%.

For example, electrochemical deposition of a zinc-diamond coating is carried out from an acidic electrolyte composition, g / l: zinc sulfate - 400-500; sodium sulfate - 50-100; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; sulfuric acid - 0.3-0.5; aluminum sulfate - 20-30; at a temperature of 60-80 ° C, the current density is 30-50 A / dm ² , the current efficiency is 90-95%.

For example, the electrochemical deposition of lead-diamond coating is carried out from an electrolyte composition, g / l:

Composition 1: lead acetate - 70-80; sodium hydroxide - 180-200; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; Segetova salt - 40-50; rosin - 4-5, while the rosin is boiled in a solution of caustic soda and then added to the electrolyte. The deposition is carried out at a temperature of 60-70 ° C, the current density is 1-2 A / dm ² , the current efficiency is 95%.

Composition 2 hydrofluoric electrolyte: hydrofluoric lead - 125-200; sodium hydroxide - 180-200; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; hydrofluoric acid - 40-60; glutin glue - 0.5-1, at a temperature of 15-25 ° C, current density - 1-2 A / dm ² , current output 90%.

For example, the electrochemical deposition of antimony-diamond coating is carried out from an electrolyte of the composition, g / l: antimony potassium hydroxide - 50-70; Segetova salt - 3-5; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; hydrochloric acid - 3-5; formalin - 0.5-1 ml / l, at a temperature of 20-25 ° C, pH 1.75-1.9, current density - 0.5-2 A / dm ² , current output 95-98%.

For example, the electrochemical deposition of a cadmium-diamond coating is carried out from an electrolyte composition, g / l:

Composition 1 acidic electrolyte: cadmium sulfate - 40-60; sulfuric acid - 40-60; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7, at a temperature of 15-30 ° C, current density - 1-3 A / dm ² .

Composition 2 cyanide electrolyte: cadmium oxide - 25-40; sodium cyanide - 80-130; sodium hydroxide - 20-30; nickel sulfate - 1-1.5; sodium sulfate - 40-60; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; dextrin - 2-5, at a temperature of 20-30 ° C, current density - 1-2 A / dm ² .

Composition 3 ammonium electrolyte: cadmium oxide - 30-40; sodium cyanide - 80-130; ammonium sulfate - 250-300; nickel sulfate - 1-1.5; boric acid - 20-30; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; glutinous adhesive - 2, at a temperature of 18-25 ° C, pH 5-6.8, current density - 0.7-1 A / dm ² .

For example, electrochemical deposition of a cobalt-diamond coating is carried out from an electrolyte composition, g / l:

Composition 1: cobalt sulfate - 350-500; boric acid - 40-45; sodium chloride - 45-20; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7, at a temperature of 40-45 ° C, pH 5.2-5.8, current density - 4-6 A / DM ² .

Composition 2: cobalt sulfate - 280-300; formic acid - 64-66; sodium formate - 39-42; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; sodium sulfate - 70-75; ammonium sulfate - 3-4, at a temperature of 95-100 ° C, pH 2.0-2.5, current density - 100-250 A / dm ² .

For example, electrochemical deposition of a titanium-diamond coating is carried out from an electrolyte of the composition, g / l: sodium titanate - 70-75; sodium acetate - 25-30; sodium hydroxide - 30-35; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7, at a temperature of 30-70 ° C, current density - 1-5 A / dm ² , current output 15-25%.

For example, chemical deposition of a copper-diamond coating on glass or fiberglass is carried out from a solution of the composition, g / l: copper sulfate - 7; nickel chloride - 2; carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; Segnetova salt - 22; sodium hydroxide - 4.5; sodium carbonate - 2; formaldehyde (40%) - 26 ml / g, at a temperature of 20-30 ° C, pH 12.1-12.2 for 10-30 minutes.

For example, chemical deposition of a copper-diamond coating on a metal or metal alloys is carried out from a solution of the composition, g / l:

Composition 1: copper sulfate - 10; sulfuric acid - 10; carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7, at a temperature of 15-25 ° C, a deposition rate of 10 μm / h;

Composition 2: potassium tartrate - 150; copper sulfate - 30, sodium hydroxide - 80; carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7, at a temperature of 15-25 ° C, a deposition rate of 11 μm / h;

Composition 3: copper sulfate - 25-35, sodium hydroxide - 30-40; sodium carbonate - 20-30; Trilon B - 80-90; carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7, formalin - 20-25; rhodanine -0.003-0.005; red blood salt - 0.1-0.15 at a temperature of 15-25 ° C, a deposition rate of 12 μm / h.

For example, the electrochemical deposition of a copper-diamond coating is carried out from an electrolyte composition, g / l:

Composition 1: copper sulfate - 150-200; sulfuric acid - 50-70; carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7, at a temperature of 25-45 ° C, current density 1-6 A / dm ² ;

Composition 2: copper cyanide - 50-90; sodium cyanide - 10-20; sodium carbonate - 20-30; carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7, at a temperature of 20-25 ° C, current density of 2-3 A / dm ² .

For example, the electrochemical deposition of manganese-diamond coating is carried out from an electrolyte composition, g / l:

Composition 1: manganese sulfate - 160-180; ammonium sulfate - 110-120; hydrofluoric acid - 4-5; carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7, at a temperature of 18-25 ° C, current density of 20-25 A / dm ² ;

Composition 2: manganese sulfate - 180-250; ammonium sulfate - 140-150; oxalic acid - 15-29; carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7, selenic acid - 0.1-0.3; Detergent Progress - 0.3-0.5 at a temperature of 15-25 ° C, pH 6-7, current density 10-15 A / dm ² .

For example, the electrochemical deposition of a tungsten-diamond coating is carried out from an electrolyte composition, g / l: tungsten anhydride - 120-125; carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; sodium carbonate - 300-350, at a temperature of 95-100 ° C, pH 3-13.2, current density 5-10 A / dm ² .

For example, the electrochemical deposition of a silver-diamond coating is carried out from an electrolyte composition, g / l: silver chloride - 25-30; potassium iron-hydrogen sulfide - 70-100; potassium hydroxide - 0.2-0.8; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; potassium carbonate - 15-20; Trilon B - 60-120, at a temperature of 20-25 ° C, pH 1 -1.5 current density - 0.5-2 A / DM ² .

For example, the electrochemical deposition of a gold-diamond coating is carried out from an electrolyte of the composition, g / l: potassium dicyanourate - 8-10; citric acid - 30-40; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; potassium carbonate - 15-20, at a temperature of 20-25 ° C, pH 0.5-1.0 current density - 0.5-1.5 A / DM ² .

For example, the electrochemical deposition of a platinum-diamond coating is carried out from an electrolyte composition, g / l: platinum diaminonitrate - 6-9; ammonium nitrate - 50-70; ammonium hydroxide - 0.3-0.9; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; sodium nitrate - 10-15, at a temperature of 50-60 ° C, pH 0.1-0.5 current density - 0.5-1.5 A / DM ² .

For example, electrochemical deposition of a palladium-diamond coating is carried out from an electrolyte composition, g / l: palladium chloride - 4-7; ammonium chloride - 15-25; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; sodium nitrate - 25-35; ammonium sulfamic acid - 10-15; aqueous ammonia - 7-14, at a temperature of 25-30 ° C, pH 7.5-8.5, current density - 0.5-1.0 A / dm ² .

For example, electrochemical deposition of a bismuth-diamond coating is carried out from an electrolyte composition, g / l: bismuth nitrate - 16-20; ammonium citrate - 20-25; ammonium hydroxide - 0.3-0.9; Trilon B - 150-170; synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7; glutinous adhesive - 2.5-3.0, at a temperature of 20-25 ° C, pH 8.5-9.0, current density-0.5-1.5 A / dm ² .

In technological processes of chemical and electrochemical deposition of metal-diamond coatings, bathtubs are used that are equipped with special systems: heating, cooling, ventilation, irrigation, mixing, sparging, ultrasonic treatment, hydrodynamic effects by a high-pressure liquid stream and others.

When precipitated from a solution or electrolyte, the concentration of the specified synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the dispersed system is from 0.05 to 11 g / l of electrolyte.

The solution to this problem is achieved in that the dispersed system for chemical or electrochemical deposition from a solution or electrolyte, respectively, of a composite metal-diamond coating, characterized in that it contains a dispersed system consisting of a mixture of a liquid dispersed medium, a solid dispersed phase and a stabilizer, where as dispersed media use water; as a solid dispersed phase, particles of synthetic carbon diamond-containing substances containing carbon in the form of ultradisperse nuclei are used Nogo diamond surrounded by a shell comprising a x-ray amorphous carbon, and having on the surface of surface functional groups containing oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, with a ratio weight of the core, selected in the range of from 55 to 93 wt. %, to the mass of the shell, selected in the range from 7 to 45 wt. %, and having an elemental composition by weight: carbon 85.6-95%, hydrogen 1.3-1.5%, nitrogen 1.5-3.0%, oxygen 1.9-9.0%, non-combustible impurities 0 , 3-0.9%, while a low molecular weight electrolyte, a colloidal surfactant (surfactant) are used as a stabilizer, while a low molecular weight electrolyte can be selected from the group: inorganic electrolyte, organic electrolyte, acids can be selected as inorganic electrolyte from the group: sulfuric, hydrochloric, boric, hydrofluoric, phosphoric, chromic, hydrogen cyanide, coal, nitrogen true, hydrogen sulfide or a mixture thereof, or from the group of hydroxides: sodium, potassium, ammonium or a mixture thereof, organic electrolytes can be selected from the group of acids: acetic, formic, citric, oxalic, acrylic, methacrylic or a mixture thereof, while a colloidal surfactant may be an anionic surfactant and selected from the group: sodium caprine, sodium dodecanoate, sodium moristinate, sodium oleate, potassium oleate, potassium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium 4-dodecyl benzosulfonate or a mixture thereof, or a combination of substances thereof the indicated groups.

The dispersed system contains a stabilizer in an amount of 0.01-10 g / l of the dispersed system

The dispersed system contains particles of the specified synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in a concentration of 0.05-250 g / l of the dispersed system.

For example, the composition of the dispersed system, g / l: liquid dispersed medium in the form of water - 1000 g; solid dispersed phase in the form of a synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance - 7; the stabilizer in the form of ammonium hydroxide is 0.3-1.1.

For example, the composition of the dispersed system, g / l: liquid dispersed medium in the form of water - 1000 g; solid dispersed phase in the form of a synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance - 3; stabilizer in the form of citric acid - 3-3.5.

For example, the composition of the dispersed system, g / l: liquid dispersed medium in the form of water - 1000 g; solid dispersed phase in the form of a synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance - 11; stabilizer in the form of potassium hydroxide - 0.2-0.8, stabilizer in the form of sodium oleate 0.01-0.1, stabilizer in the form of sodium lauryl sulfate 0.9-1.5

For example, the composition of the dispersed system, g / l: liquid dispersed medium in the form of water - 1000 g; solid dispersed phase in the form of a synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance - 7; stabilizer in the form of boric acid - 2-6, stabilizer in the form of potassium oleate 0.8-1.0

For example, the composition of the dispersed system, g / l: liquid dispersed medium in the form of water - 1000 g; solid dispersed phase in the form of a synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance - 0.05; the stabilizer in the form of sodium hydroxide is 0.01-0.1, the stabilizer in the form of sodium lauryl sulfate is 0.01-0.05.

For example, the composition of the dispersed system, g / l: liquid dispersed medium in the form of water - 1000 g; solid dispersed phase in the form of a synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance - 250; stabilizer in the form of hydrochloric acid - 6-7, potassium oleate - 1-1.5, sodium tetradecyl sulfate - 1-1.5.

For example, the composition of the dispersed system, g / l: liquid dispersed medium in the form of water - 1000 g; solid dispersed phase in the form of a synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance - 100; stabilizer in the form of sulfuric acid - 3-5, sodium tetradecyl sulfate 0.9-1.2, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate - 0.5-0.8.

The solution to this problem is achieved in that the method of obtaining a disperse system for a solution and an electrolyte for chemical or electrochemical deposition, respectively, of a composite metal-diamond coating, which is a disperse system, characterized in that the disperse system consists of a mixture of a liquid dispersed medium, a solid dispersed phase and a stabilizer, where water is used as a dispersed medium, particles of synthetic carbon diamond-containing substances are used as a solid dispersed phase a, containing carbon in the form of ultrafine diamond nuclei surrounded by a shell containing X-ray amorphous carbon and having surface functional groups containing oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen on the surface of the particles, with a core mass ratio selected in the range from 55 to 93 wt. %, to the mass of the shell, selected in the range from 7 to 45 wt. %, and having an elemental composition by weight: carbon 85.6-95%, hydrogen 1.3-1.5%, nitrogen 1.5-3.0%, oxygen 1.9-9.0%, non-combustible impurities 0 , 3-0.9%, while a low molecular weight electrolyte, a colloidal surfactant (surfactant) are used as a stabilizer, while a low molecular weight electrolyte can be selected from the group: inorganic electrolyte, organic electrolyte, acids can be selected as inorganic electrolyte from the group: sulfuric, hydrochloric, boric, hydrofluoric, phosphoric, chromic, hydrogen cyanide, coal, nitrogen true, hydrogen sulfide or a mixture thereof, or from the group of hydroxides: sodium, potassium, ammonium or a mixture thereof, organic electrolytes can be selected from the group of acids: acetic, formic, citric, oxalic, acrylic, methacrylic or a mixture thereof, while a colloidal surfactant may be an anionic surfactant and selected from the group: sodium caprine, sodium dodecanoate, sodium moristinate, sodium oleate, potassium oleate, potassium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium 4-dodecyl benzosulfonate or a mixture thereof, or combinations thereof various groups, including annealing in an inert medium of a diamond-containing mixture powder, which is a mixture of diamonds and non-diamond carbon forms, mixing the powder with an aqueous solution containing a substance selected from the group: hypophosphorous acid, sodium hypophosphite, calcium hypophosphite, ammonium phosphate, hydrazine, sulfate hydrazine, hydrazinium chloride or a mixture thereof, or from the group of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid or a mixture thereof, or from the group: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or a mixture thereof, or combinations e of substances and the combination of treatment with substances from the indicated groups at: temperature 20-270 ° С, pressure 0.1-8 MPa, ultrasonic action with a frequency of 22-42 kHz, vacuum 3.3 * 10 ³ - 1.3 * 10 ^{- 2} Pa, for 5 minutes to 4 hours, separating the obtained product from the spent substances and washing the product with water using hydrodynamic treatment with a water jet with a pressure of 8-15 MPa and ultrasonic treatment, and the addition of a stabilizer until the dispersed system reaches a pH of 3.5- 7.1.

During hydrodynamic treatment, the dynamic impact on the surface of the particles of synthetic carbon diamond-containing substances is carried out by supplying water with high pressure and flow rate, through hydraulic nozzles, providing a high speed pressure of the water jet.

Ultrasonic treatment consists in the combined effect of various effects that occur in a liquid under the action of powerful ultrasonic vibrations. These effects are: cavitation, acoustic currents, sound pressure, sound capillary effect, of which cavitation plays a decisive role. Cavitation bubbles, pulsating and collapsing near contaminants, destroy them, creating a known effect of cavitation erosion.

For example, the process of a method for producing a dispersed system includes:

1. Annealing the diamond charge in an inert gas environment selected from the group: argon, neon, xenon, krypton, or a mixture thereof. Annealing is carried out at a temperature of 600-800 ° C for 10-60 minutes;

2. Processing an aqueous solution of a reducing agent, for example, composition, wt. %: hypophosphorous acid - 30, hydrazine - 10, sodium hypophosphite - 30, hydrazine sulfate - 10, water - 20. Processing is carried out in an ultrasonic bath at a temperature of 70-90 ° C for 5-20 minutes;

3. Rinsing with running cold water with a temperature of 20-22 ° C for 5-15 minutes. Water flow rate is set with the multiple ^x 4 substitutions per shift bath. In case of insufficient washing quality, an additional irrigation system is provided;

4. Treatment with an aqueous solution, for example, sodium hydroxide concentration of 10-40 wt. % Processing is carried out in an ultrasonic bath at a temperature of 90-100 ° C for 5-30 minutes;

5. Rinsing with running cold water with a temperature of 20-22 ° C for 5-15 minutes. Water flow rate is set with the 4 ^x multiple substitutions bath per shift;

6. The separation of diamond-containing substances and drying in vacuum 2 * 10 ² PA at a temperature of 70-80 ° C for 1 hour;

7. Processing in a chemical reactor with an aqueous solution, for example, composition, wt. %: nitric acid - 57-62, hydrofluoric acid - 25-35 at a temperature of 210 ° C, a pressure of 8 MPa, for 7-10 minutes;

8. Rinsing with running cold water in an ultrasonic bath with a temperature of 20-22 ° C for 5-7 minutes. Water flow rate is set with the 4 ^x multiple substitutions bath per shift;

9. Treatment, for example, with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid at a concentration of 15-40 wt. % Processing is carried out at a temperature of the reaction mixture for 40-50 minutes;

10. Rinsing with distilled cold water in a bath for hydrodynamic treatment with a pressure of 12 MPa, a temperature of 20-22 ° C for 5-7 minutes.

11. Rinsing with distilled cold water in a bath for ultrasonic treatment with a temperature of 20-22 ° C for 5-7 minutes;

12. The separation of the obtained product in the form of particles of a synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance and the addition of a liquid dispersed medium and a stabilizer until the dispersed system reaches a pH of 3.5-7.1.

For example, according to the solutions presented, a two-layer composite metal-diamond coating based on nickel and chromium with particles of synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance dispersed in them, and a working blade made of VT9 titanium alloy was dispersed.

The first layer of a nickel-diamond coating, by chemical deposition from a solution of the composition, g / l: nickel sulfate or nickel chloride - 20-30, sodium acetate - 10-15, synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7 g / l , sodium hypophosphite - 23-30, thiourea - 0.001-0.003, acetic acid - 5-10, at pH = 4.3-5.0, temperature 85-95 ° C, loading density 1-2 dm ² / l.

The second layer of chromium-diamond coating at a deposition rate of 0.28-0.31 microns / min., Precipitated by electrochemical deposition from an electrolyte composition, g / l: chromic anhydride - 230-250 g / l, sulfuric acid - 2-4 g / l, trivalent chromium - 2-3 g / l, synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the form of a dispersed system - 1-7 g / l.

The results showed that:

1. The endurance limit of the blade is σ _a = 55 kgf / mm ² , which is significantly higher in comparison with a conventional chrome-diamond coating in which the endurance limit is only σ _a = 30 kgf / mm ² ;

2. The number of load cycles is N × 10 ⁶ ;

3. Coating thickness nickel-diamond 12-17 microns;

4. The thickness of the chromium-diamond coating is 7-167 microns;

5. The microhardness of the material of the blade is 338-352HV, the nickel layer is 530-570 HV, the chromium-diamond coating is 746-840 HV.

On the shoulder blade there are cracks from the end of the feather blade (Fig. 1, 3) and from the inlet edge (Fig. 2). Moreover, in the fracture destruction zones, no defects were found on the surface of the blade.

In tests with a plate-like mode of vibration, the onset of fracture is located on the edge of the blade end of the blade from the back side at a distance of 44 mm from the input edge (Fig. 4, 5).

In tests with fluctuations in the fundamental tone, the fracture zone is located on the trough of the feather blade at a distance of 0.5 mm from the inlet edge and 27 mm from the base of the shank (Fig. 6, 7).

The microstructure of the chromium-diamond coating directly on the surface of the blade is shown in Fig. 8.

A composite metal-diamond coating consists of two layers: a nickel-diamond layer and a chromium-diamond layer (Fig. 9).

Chrome-diamond coating has an uneven thickness (Fig. 10-13).

Experimental tests have convincingly confirmed that all the tasks set have been successfully solved. It should be noted that the metals of this group are the most technologically advanced, interchangeable and preferred in use. Therefore, the use of any metal from the specified group or their combinations will provide the specified technical result. However, it is possible to use other metals that are suitable in the conditions of implementation of this invention.

Literature:

1. Diamond-carbon substance and method for its preparation, RU No. 2041165, IPC C01B 31/06, published on 08/09/1995

2. Nanodiamond and its production method, RU No. 2348580, IPC C01B 31/06, B01J 3/08, B82B 1/00, B82B 3/00 published March 10, 2009, Bull. Number 7.

3. Diamond-carbon substance and method for its production, RU No. 2604846, IPC C01B 31/06, B82B 1/00, B82B 3/00, B82Y 40/00 published on 02/21/2017, Bull. No. 6.

4. The method of selective post-treatment of nanodiamonds, RU No. 2506095, IPC C01B 31/06, A61K 47/04, B82B 3/00, B82Y 5/00 published on 02/10/2014, Bull. No. 4).

5. Composite metal-diamond coating, method for its production, electrolyte, diamond-containing electrolyte additive and method for its preparation, RU No. 2404294, IPC C25D 15/00 published November 20, 2010, Bull. Number 32.

Claims (22)

1. Composite metal-diamond coating, made in the form of a metal film formed on the surface of the product, characterized in that it contains two layers of metal selected from the group comprising iron, nickel, chromium, zinc, lead, antimony, cadmium, titanium, tungsten, bismuth, manganese, cobalt, copper, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, with dispersed particles of synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance containing carbon in the form of ultrafine diamond nuclei with a shell containing X-ray amorphous carbon, and having on the surface of the particles surface functional groups containing oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, with a ratio of the mass of the core selected from the range from 55 to 93 wt. %, to the mass of the shell selected from the range from 7 to 45 wt. %, and having an elemental composition by weight: carbon 85.6-95%, hydrogen 1.3-1.5%, nitrogen 1.5-3.0%, oxygen 1.9-9.0%, non-combustible impurities 0 , 3-0.9%. 2. A method of obtaining a composite metal-diamond coating in the form of a metal film, comprising forming a metal film on the surface of the product using a dispersed system by deposition of metal and a synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance, characterized in that the first layer is deposited on the surface of the product by chemical or electrochemical deposition from a solution or an electrolyte, respectively, containing a source of ions of the deposited metal selected from the group comprising iron, nickel , chromium, zinc, lead, antimony, cadmium, titanium, tungsten, bismuth, manganese, cobalt, copper, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, and a disperse system consisting of a mixture of a liquid dispersed medium, a solid dispersed phase and a stabilizer, while water is used as a dispersed medium, and particles of a synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance containing carbon in the form of ultrafine diamond cores with a shell containing X-ray amorphous carbon and having a surface on the particle surface are used as a solid dispersed phase functional groups containing oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, with the ratio of the mass of the nucleus selected from the range from 55 to 93 wt. %, to the mass of the shell selected from the range from 7 to 45 wt. %, and having an elemental composition by weight: carbon 85.6-95%, hydrogen 1.3-1.5%, nitrogen 1.5-3.0%, oxygen 1.9-9.0%, non-combustible impurities 0 , 3-0.9%, wherein the stabilizer is selected from the group comprising a low molecular weight electrolyte, a colloidal surfactant, or a combination thereof, then the second layer is deposited by chemical or electrochemical deposition from a solution or electrolyte, respectively, containing a source of ions of the metal to be deposited, selected from the specified group and the specified dispersed system, while before and after the deposition of each of layers, surface treatment is carried out by washing with water, drying, processing with chemicals, mechanical treatment, heat treatment or several of them. 3. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that the chemical deposition of the coating is carried out by the displacement method, the galvanic pair method, the chemical reduction method, or a combination of methods. 4. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that for chemical or electrochemical precipitation using an aqueous solution and an electrolyte containing substances selected from the group comprising an inorganic salt in the form of sulfate, chloride or cyanide, inorganic cyanide complex compound, inorganic or organic acid and, if necessary, additional ingredients selected from the group consisting of chromic anhydride, potassium dichromate, sodium dichromate, ammonium dichromate, sodium bisulfate, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, hyd sodium hydroxide, ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, hydrazine, hydrazinium sulfate, hydrazinium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium hypophosphite, sodium titanate, potassium dicyano-argentate, potassium dicyanoourate, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium acetate, ammonium acetate, magnesium citrate, sodium citrate , chromyl fluoride, thiourea, Rochelle salt, glycol, glutin glue, disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, phthalimide, sodium fluoride, phenolphthalein, butanediol, trichloroethylamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, zinc monophosphate, zinc and zinc nitrate Chetana. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that sodium sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, nickel sulfate, iron sulfate, chromium sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, lead sulfate (II, IV) are used as sulfate. tungsten disulfide, bismuth (III) sulfate, cobalt (II, III) sulfate, antimony sulfate, titanium sulfate (II, III, IV), or a mixture thereof. 6. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that the chloride used is sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, iron chloride, nickel chloride, chromium chloride (II, III, IV), zinc chloride, antimony chloride (III, V), chloride lead (II, IV), tungsten chloride (II, III, IV, V, VI), bismuth chloride (I, II, III, IV), cobalt chloride (II, III), magnesium chloride (II), cadmium chloride ( II), manganese (II, IV) chloride, copper (I, II) chloride, gold (I, II, III) chloride, silver chloride, platinum (II, IV) chloride, palladium chloride or a mixture thereof. 7. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that sulfuric, hydrochloric, chromic, boric, hydrofluoric, hydrogen cyanide, carbonic, nitrous, hydrogen sulfide, hypochlorous, orthophosphoric, acrylic, methacrylic, citric, oxalic, acetic, are used as inorganic or organic acids. formic acid or a mixture thereof. 8. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that the reducing agent is additionally introduced into the aqueous solution and the electrolyte, which is hypophosphorous acid, sodium hypophosphite, calcium hypophosphite, ammonium phosphinate, hydrazine, hydrazinium sulfate, hydrazinium chloride or a mixture thereof. 9. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that as the cyanide compounds use sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, copper cyanide, potassium dicyanoagentate, potassium dicyanoaurate or a mixture thereof. 10. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that the low molecular weight electrolyte is selected from the group comprising an inorganic electrolyte, an organic electrolyte, and as an inorganic electrolyte, an acid is selected from the group including sulfuric, hydrochloric, boric, hydrofluoric, phosphoric, chromic, hydrogen cyanide, carbonic, nitrous, hydrogen sulfide acid or a mixture thereof, or hydroxides from the group comprising sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide or a mixture thereof, organic electrolytes are selected from the group of acids, including acetic acid, formic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or a mixture thereof, while the colloidal surfactant is an anionic surfactant and is selected from the group consisting of sodium caprinate, sodium dodecanoate, sodium myristinate, sodium oleate, potassium oleate potassium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonate, or a mixture thereof, or combinations of substances from various groups. 11. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that the stabilizer is introduced into the dispersed system in an amount of 0.01-10 g / l of the dispersed system. 12. The method of claim 2, characterized in that, as a chemical treatment, degreasing, etching, anodic decapitation, sensitization, activation, or several of them are carried out. 13. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that the degreasing is carried out by substances selected from the group comprising an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or alkali metal salts, organic solvents, surfactants, electrochemical degreasing electrolytes. 14. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that the etching is carried out with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid or a mixture thereof and electrochemical etching. 15. The method according to p. 12, wherein the anodic decapitation is carried out in an electrolyte containing a source of ions of the deposited metal. 16. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that the sensitization is carried out with solutions of metal salts selected from the group consisting of Sn ²⁺ , Fe ²⁺ , Ti ³⁺ , and water, acid, ethanol or a mixture thereof is used as a solvent. 17. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that the activation is carried out with solutions of compounds of catalytically active metals selected from the group comprising palladium, platinum, silver, rhodium, and water, acid, ammonia, sodium hydroxide or a mixture thereof are used as a solvent. 18. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that during deposition from a solution or electrolyte, the concentration of the specified synthetic carbon diamond-containing substance in the dispersed system is from 0.05 to 11 g / l of electrolyte. 19. A dispersed system for producing a composite metal-diamond coating by chemical or electrochemical deposition, characterized in that it consists of a mixture of a liquid dispersed medium, a solid dispersed phase and a stabilizer, while water is used as a dispersed medium, and a solid dispersed phase is used particles of synthetic carbon diamond-containing substances containing carbon in the form of ultrafine diamond cores surrounded by a shell containing X-ray amorphous carbon and having ited particle surface functional groups containing oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, with a ratio weight of the core, selected in the range of from 55 to 93 wt. %, to the mass of the shell, selected in the range from 7 to 45 wt. %, and having an elemental composition by weight: carbon 85.6-95%, hydrogen 1.3-1.5%, nitrogen 1.5-3.0%, oxygen 1.9-9.0%, non-combustible impurities 0 , 3-0.9%, while a low molecular weight electrolyte, a colloidal surfactant (surfactant) are used as a stabilizer, while a low molecular weight electrolyte is selected from the group comprising an inorganic electrolyte, an organic electrolyte, an acid from the group is selected as an inorganic electrolyte, including sulfuric, hydrochloric, boric, hydrogen fluoride, phosphoric, chromium, hydrogen cyanide, coal, nitrous, hydrogen sulfide acid or a mixture thereof, or hydroxides from the group including sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide or a mixture thereof, organic electrolytes are selected from the group of acids including acetic, formic, citric, oxalic, acrylic, methacrylic acid or a mixture thereof wherein the colloidal surfactant is an anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of sodium caprine, sodium dodecanoate, sodium myristinate, sodium oleate, potassium oleate, potassium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, tetradecyls lfat sodium, sodium 4-dodecylbenzene sulfonate, or a mixture thereof, or a substance used as a stabilizer of said groups. 20. The dispersed system according to p. 19, characterized in that it contains a stabilizer in an amount of 0.01-10 g / l of a dispersed system 21. The dispersed system according to p. 19, characterized in that it contains particles of the specified synthetic carbon diamond-containing substances in a concentration of 0.05-250 g / l of the dispersed system. 22. The method of producing the dispersed system according to claim 19, characterized in that an inert medium is annealed in a diamond-containing mixture powder, which is a mixture of diamonds and non-diamond forms of carbon, mixing said powder with an aqueous solution containing a substance selected from the group consisting of hypophosphorous acid , sodium hypophosphite, calcium hypophosphite, ammonium phosphinate, hydrazine, hydrazinium sulfate, hydrazinium chloride or a mixture thereof, or from the group including sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or a mixture thereof, or from the group including containing nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid or a mixture thereof, or with aqueous solutions containing substances from these groups, and treatment with substances from these groups at a temperature of 20-270 ° C, a pressure of 0.1-8 MPa, ultrasound exposure to a frequency of 22-42 kHz in a vacuum of 3.3 ∙ 10 ³ - 1.3 ∙ 10 ^-2 Pa for 5 minutes to 4 hours, separation of the obtained product in the form of particles of synthetic carbon diamond-containing substances from waste substances, washing with water at using hydrodynamic treatment with a jet of water with advent of 8-15 MPa, followed by sonication and adding said liquid and said disperse medium stabilizer to achieve dispersion system pH 3,5-7,1.

Images