RU2706193C1 - Air-screen grinding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agricultural machine building. Air-screen grain cleaner comprises pneumatic channels of preliminary and final aspiration, a sieve system and a device for determining quality of seeds cleaning. Device for determining quality of cleaning has weight batchers, multimedia devices, conveyors, machines for additional cleaning of seeds, containers for storage of seeds and a personal computer. Pneumatic channel of final aspiration is connected to the device for definition of quality of seeds cleaning with the help of a conical distributor of seeds with shutter. Device for determining quality of cleaning seeds includes conical truncated hopper, discharge channels, outermost of which are made in form of hyperbola, and central has straight-through cylindrical shape. On the inner surface of all channels along the entire length and along the perimeter there are ledges made in the form of petals, one end is fixed on the inner surface, and by the other end – downwards in the direction of movement of sunflower seeds. Distance between adjacent projections along horizontal is equal to width of a seed and between them along vertical – length of a seed. At outlet of discharge channels at angle of 40–45° there are trays for discharge of seeds into weigh batchers. Outlets of weigh batchers are located above conveyors, which are connected to machines for additional cleaning of seeds. Above each conveyor there are multimedia devices communicated with a personal computer. In the upper part of the conical truncated hopper of the device for determination of quality of seeds cleaning there installed is an automatic sensor of its loading level, which is electrically connected to the shutter located at the output of the conical seed distributor.

EFFECT: grain cleaning machine provides in real time reduction of labor costs for determination of quality of seed material.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to grain cleaning equipment and can be used in agriculture for sorting oilseeds, for example sunflower seeds.

Known receiving and distributing device of a grain cleaning machine according to Pat. 144656, class. V07V 11/06, 2014, including a grain distributor in the form of an inlet pipe with a flow divider and two symmetrically diverging output pipes, pressure sensors.

A disadvantage of the known device is the selection of a grain distributor for a certain type of grain cleaning machine (air, air sieve), which leads to time and increase the size of the pneumatic separation channel.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a secondary cleaning machine for sunflower seeds according to US Pat. 172915 U1, class A01F12 / 44, 2017, taken as a prototype, including an upper sieve mill, in which in its lower part there is a tray for removing seeds to the lower mill, a common sedimentation chamber connected to the fan, pneumatic channels for preliminary and final cleaning, a feed roller, a valve, augers for the withdrawal of heavy and light impurities, dampers for fine adjustment of the pneumatic channel of the preliminary and final aspiration, dampers for coarse adjustment of the air supply, exhaust pipe, estrus.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the inability to determine the quality of the seed in real time, which leads to an increase in time and labor.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the time and labor required to determine the quality of the seed in real time.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the air-sieve grain cleaning machine containing pneumatic channels of preliminary and final aspiration, the sieve system according to the invention has a device for determining the quality of seed cleaning, which has weight batchers, multimedia devices, conveyors, machines for additional seed cleaning, containers for storing seeds, a personal computer, while the pneumatic channel of the final aspiration is connected to a device for determining the quality of cleaning and seeds using a conical seed distributor, which has a shutter consisting of a conical truncated hopper, outlet channels, the last of which are made in the shape of a hyperbole, and the central one has a straight-through cylindrical shape, and on the inner surface of all channels along the entire length and around the perimeter there are scatter protrusions made in the form of petals at one end are fixed on the inner surface, and the other is lowered down in the direction of movement of sunflower seeds, the distance between adjacent protrusions along risontal is equal to the width of the seeds and between them vertically the length of the seeds and is made of rubber, and at the exit from the outlet channels at an angle of 40-45 ° there are trays for diverting seeds into weight batchers and made of material with a low coefficient of friction, for example, fluoroplastic, and have flaps, while the outlet openings of the weighing batchers are located above the conveyors, which are connected to machines for additional seed cleaning and multimedia devices connected to a personal computer are located above each conveyor ohm, and in the upper part of the conical truncated hopper of the device for determining the quality of seed cleaning there is an automatic sensor for the level of its loading, electrically connected to the valve located at the outlet of the conical seed distributor.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with the prototype allows us to conclude that the inventive air-sieve grain cleaning machine differs from the known machine in that due to the design features, an improvement in the quality of cleaning of seed material is achieved, which cannot be obtained by known technical solutions.

Thus, the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of patentability NOVELTY.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and have not been identified in the study of this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of INVENTION.

The claimed technical solution meets the patentability criterion INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY, because relates to agricultural machinery, namely to grain cleaning equipment and can be used in agriculture for sorting oilseeds, for example sunflower seeds.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows an air-sieve grain cleaning machine - a general view, in FIG. 2 shows an enlarged image of the shape of the outlet channels of the device for determining the quality of seed cleaning - type A, in FIG. 3 shows trays for removal of seeds - type B.

For a clearer understanding of the invention, the main features of the device to achieve a technical result are indicated.

Air-sieve grain cleaning machine 1 (Fig. 1) contains pneumatic channels of preliminary and final aspiration, sieve system (not shown in the figure). The machine 1 has a device 2 for determining the quality of seed cleaning, which has weight batchers 3, multimedia devices 4, conveyors 5, machines 6 for additional seed cleaning, a seed storage tank 7, a personal computer 8. The pneumatic channel (not shown) is final aspiration is connected to a device 2 for determining the quality of seed cleaning using a conical seed distributor 9 with a shutter 10. The device 2 contains a tapered truncated hopper 11, outlet channels 12, the last of which are made in the form of g perboly and central direct flow has a cylindrical shape. Moreover, on the inner surface of all channels 12 along the entire length and along the perimeter of the scatter there are protrusions 13 made in the form of petals at one end, fixed on the inner surface, and the other lowered down in the direction of movement of the sunflower seeds. The distance between adjacent protrusions 13 horizontally is equal to the width of the seeds and between them vertically the length of the seeds and are made of rubber. At the exit of the discharge channels 12, at an angle of 40-45 °, there are trays 14 for diverting seeds into the weighing batchers 3 and are made of material with a low coefficient of friction, for example, fluoroplastic, and have flaps 15. The output openings of the weighing batches 3 are located above the conveyors 5, which are connected to machines 6 for additional seed cleaning, and above each conveyor 5 there are multimedia devices 4 connected to the personal computer 8. At the top of the conical truncated hopper 11 of the device 2 for determining the quality For seed cleaning, an automatic sensor 16 for its loading level is installed, electrically connected to the shutter 10 located at the outlet of the conical seed distributor 9.

The technological process of the air-sieve grain cleaning machine when sorting sunflower seeds is as follows.

Seed material, having been cleaned in pneumatic channels of preliminary and final aspiration, on a sieve system, comes from a pneumatic separating channel of final aspiration into a conical truncated hopper 11 of device 2 for determining the quality of seed cleaning. In the upper part of the hopper 11 of the device 2 for determining the quality of seed cleaning, an automatic sensor 16 for its loading level is installed, connected with a shutter 10 located at the outlet of the conical seed distributor 9. A chute (not shown) is made in the body of the automatic sensor 16, along which a heap of sunflower seeds passes. As the hopper 11 is filled with a heap of sunflower seeds, a heap wakes up in the gutters and sequentially, blocking the optical channels (not shown) of the automatic sensor 16. The electrical outputs of the automatic sensor 16 are included in the output circuit, which changes its conductivity due to a change in the grain level in the hopper 11. If the hopper 11 is filled with components of a heap of sunflower seeds (fragments of baskets and stems, beaten, punctured and whole seeds) above the level, then the automatic sensor 16 level DUZ-1/10 (Grain level sensor. Passport . - OOO SKB "Mayak", 2012. - 9 s) it loads a signal, and the shutter 10 is closed. Next, the sunflower seeds enter the outlet channels 12 of the device 2, where the speed of movement of the seeds along the protrusions 13 should be 1.5-2 times higher than the speed of their introduction into the outlet channels 12. The seeds enter the weight batchers 3 and weigh them, and the excess components heaps of sunflower seeds through a valve (not shown) are led out into the hopper (not shown). The time of weighing seeds on weighing batchers 3 is 1/2 the time of movement of seeds on trays 14. In this case, the received sample of seeds weighing 100 grams on weighing batchers 3 is scanned by multimedia devices 4 and subjected to computer processing on a personal computer 8 with Mathcad software to determine the quality of cleaning . When satisfying the agrotechnical requirements for the purity of sunflower seeds, they enter the tank 7 for storage. In case of non-compliance with agrotechnical requirements, they are additionally cleaned on machines 6.

Performing technological operations in an air-sieve grain cleaning machine will reduce the time and labor costs for determining the quality of seed in real time.

Claims (1)

An air-sieve grain cleaning machine containing pneumatic channels for preliminary and final suction, a sieve system, characterized in that it has a device for determining the quality of seed cleaning, which has weight dispensers, multimedia devices, conveyors, machines for additional seed cleaning, seed storage tanks, a personal computer, while the pneumatic channel of the final aspiration is connected to a device for determining the quality of seed cleaning using a conical distribute I have seeds, which has a shutter consisting of a conical truncated hopper, outlet channels, the last of which are made in the shape of a hyperbole, and the central one has a straight-through cylindrical shape, and on the inner surface of all channels along the entire length and around the perimeter there are protrusions made in the form petals, one end fixed on the inner surface, and the other lowered down in the direction of movement of sunflower seeds, the distance between adjacent protrusions horizontally equal to the width of the seeds and between them vertically - the length of the seeds and are made of rubber, and at the exit from the outlet channels at an angle of 40-45 ° there are trays for diverting seeds into weight batchers and are made of material with a low coefficient of friction, for example, fluoroplastic, and have shutters, while the output openings of weighing batchers are located above the conveyors, which are connected to machines for additional seed cleaning, and above each conveyor there are multimedia devices communicated with a personal computer, and in the upper part of the conical a hopper apparatus for determining the quality of the seed treatment level sensor installed automatic downloading it is electrically connected with the flap situated at the outlet of the conical distributor seeds.

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