RU2705320C1 - Hybrid power plant (embodiments) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hybrid power plants. Power hybrid plant consisting of opposed internal combustion engine and generator. At the ends of piston rods of the internal combustion engine there is a rotor (inductor, solenoid), which performs reciprocal motions inside the stator of the generator. Power to the rotor excitation winding is supplied from direct-current source, or rotor is excited from high-energy permanent magnets installed in rotor slots. At reciprocal motion of rotor excitation flow crosses conductors of armature winding of stator and induces in its windings variable electromotive force (EMF) E. When connecting anchor winding of stator to load, current passing through this winding current I creates varying magnetic field, resultant magnetic flux F is created by joint by action of magnet-acting forces: excitation windings (or, energy of permanent magnets) and varying magnetic field of stator winding.

EFFECT: invention provides simplified design of hybrid power plant due to structural combination of internal combustion engine and generator, higher efficiency of hybrid power plant due to combination of internal combustion engine function and generator.

3 cl, 24 dwg

Description

The invention “Power hybrid installation” can be used in stationary and mobile generator stations and installations, in drives of hybrid cars, motorcycles, in shipbuilding, in aviation - light-engine and sports planes, drones, helicopters.

Stationary and mobile generating stations and plants are known, consisting of an internal combustion engine (ICE), which drives a generator that generates electrical energy, for example, industrial Vanguard ™ generators (1), Briggs & stratton mobile generators (2).

Under the Kyoto Protocol, signed in 1997, many countries have committed themselves to reducing harmful air emissions. The struggle for fuel efficiency and environmental safety has become a very acute issue for many countries. As a result, leading automobile companies began to design and manufacture cars equipped with hybrid power plants. The Japanese company Toyota Motor was the first company to massively introduce hybrid technologies on the market in almost all segments of the model range - from small cars to sedans, crossovers and full-fledged SUVs. For Toyota Prius Hybrid, the company developed a hybrid Hybrid Synergy Drive power plant, consisting of an Atkinson-based 2ZR-FXE engine and a 60 kW electric motor. The car is driven by an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, and can also work in a synergistic mode. Cars equipped with a hybrid power plant are more economical, the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere is reduced, but they are difficult to manufacture and much more expensive than cars with traditional internal combustion engines.

Airbus Aero Composite Saintonge is developing an E-Fan electric aircraft equipped with two 60 kW electric motors and two lithium-polymer batteries.

The closest analogue of the invention, taken as a prototype, is the "Internal Combustion Engine", RF patent No. 2545109 (3).

An internal combustion engine comprising cylinders with removable heads, pistons with piston rings, a gas distribution mechanism, a cooling system, a lubrication system, a power system, an ignition system, pistons paired through rods with a frame with gear racks, so that if one piston is located at top dead center, then another piston at bottom dead center, the reciprocating movement of the piston into the rotational movement of the output shaft is converted by moving the frames with gear racks that mesh with the gear sectors of the wheels mounted on the output shaft, the frames are made with upper and lower gear racks, the upper and lower gear racks are offset from each other, the upper part of the frame is made with one gear rack, and the lower part with two gear racks, the longitudinal axis of which are symmetrically offset relative to the axis of the pistons. Frames with gear racks and an output shaft with gear sectors of the wheels mounted on the output shaft are magnetized, induction coils are installed on the opposite sides of the gear rails in the engine, which serve as the generator stator windings, the output shaft with gear sectors of the wheels mounted on the generator the output shaft, on the wheels on the opposite side of the gear sectors, induction coils are installed that perform the function of the windings of the generator armature.

The disadvantage of this internal combustion engine is that the rack-and-pinion mechanism is inferior to the crank mechanism in reliability, and an additional bending moment appears on the frame that is transmitted to the pistons when the rack teeth engage with the gear sectors of the wheels mounted on the output shaft, in addition, the rack and pinion mechanism is an additional source of noise.

The aim of the invention of the power hybrid installation is:

- simplification of the design of the power hybrid installation, due to the structural combination of the internal combustion engine and the generator, where the rotor or inductor or generator solenoid is installed at the ends of the piston rods of the internal combustion engine and during operation makes reciprocating movements inside the generator stator;

- increase the efficiency (efficiency) of the hybrid power plant, due to the combination of the internal combustion engine and the generator.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the hybrid power plant, consisting of a two-stroke opposed ICE, rigidly fixed to the power plant housing, containing at least two cylinders with inlet, bypass and purge valves made in them, two pistons with piston rods placed in the cylinders and separating cylinders on the over-piston working chamber having a combined exhaust gas purge and fresh air intake system, a fuel injection system, a working mixture ignition system and exhaust gas start, and a piston compressor chamber, a receiver (two receivers), the receiver being configured to connect to a piston compressor chamber and a purge window of the working chamber. A generator (generators) is installed in the power unit housing, a rotor, or an inductor, or a solenoid, connected via piston rods through sealing joints and sliding bearings with ICE pistons, is placed in the generator stator. During operation of the power hybrid installation, the rotor performs reciprocating movements inside the generator stator

A hybrid power plant may have a different number of opposed pistons and, accordingly, generators. Generators can be direct and alternating current, synchronous, asynchronous, inductor and hysteresis.

A hybrid power plant (see Figs. 1, 2, 3) consists of a two-cylinder two-stroke opposed ICE, two receivers 13, rigidly fixed from different sides of the housing 1. Pistons 7 with piston rods 8 are installed in the cylinders 2, separating the cylinder cavities into the over-piston workers chambers 9 having systems for supplying a fresh portion of the air mixture and purging the exhaust gases through the valves 5. A fuel injection system through nozzles 10, an ignition system for the working mixture 11, and an exhaust system through the valves 6. Piston compartments spring chambers 12, including systems for supplying a fresh portion of the air mixture through valves 3, bypass valves 4, passing fresh portions of air from the compressor chambers 12 to the receivers 13. A generator 15 is installed in the housing 1, in which the stator 14 is made, for example, of electrical steel, grooves are made in the stator, in which the anchor windings are placed 16. The pistons 7, through the piston rods 8, are connected to the rotor 19 through the sealing joints 17 and sliding bearings 18 in the housing 1, and a radial field winding is placed in the grooves of the rotor 19 eniya 20. Power hybrid installation shown in FIG. 4, 5, 6 differs from that described above in that the rotor 19 is installed in the stator 14, in the grooves of which are inserted inserts of high-energy permanent magnets 26. The hybrid power plant shown in FIG. 7, 8 differs in that a rod magnetic core 22 is installed in the housing 1, on the rods of which are placed the windings 23, the pistons 7, through the piston rods 8, through the sealing joints 17 and the plain bearings 18 in the housing 1, are connected to the rotor 24. Power hybrid installation depicted in FIG. 9, 10 consists of a four-cylinder two-stroke opposed ICE, two receivers 13, two generators 15, anchor windings 16, two rotors 19 with radial field windings 20 are placed in the grooves of the stators 14. The hybrid power plant shown in FIG. 11, 12 differs from that described above in that inserts of high-energy permanent magnets 26 are mounted in the grooves of the rotor 19. The hybrid power plant shown in FIG. 13, 14 differs in that the axial field windings 21 are placed in the slots of the rotor 19. The hybrid power plant shown in FIG. 15, 16 is characterized in that the anchor windings 16 and the field windings 21 are placed in the slots of the stators 14. The hybrid power plant shown in FIG. 17, 18 differs from the installation depicted in FIG. 9, 10 in that the generators 15 are shielded from each other by the conductive material 25. The hybrid power plant shown in FIG. 19, 20 is characterized in that two core magnetic circuits are installed in the housing 1. The primary circuit winding 27 is located on two cores 22, the secondary windings 23 are located on single cores of opposite cores 22, rotors 24, in the slots of which are inserted inserts of high-energy permanent magnets 26 are located inside the core magnetic circuits 22. The hybrid power plant shown in FIG. 21, 22 is characterized in that two toroidal magnetic circuits 28 are installed in the housing 1, on which the windings 29 are placed, rotors 19, in the slots of which inserts of high-energy permanent magnets 26 are installed, are placed inside the toroidal magnetic circuits 28. The hybrid power plant shown in FIG. 23, 24 is characterized in that two rod magnetic circuits 22 with windings 23 are installed in the housing 1, rotors 24, with field windings 20 are placed inside the core magnetic circuits 22, the core magnetic circuits 22 are shielded from each other by a conductive material 25.

Filling the receivers 13 can also be replenished from an additional autonomous air or gas-air source, in which under pressure there is an air or combustible gas-air mixture with a low concentration of combustible gas (for example, propane), which is piped through pipes 30 (see Figs. 1, 7, 9 ) is connected with the receivers 13 (not shown in Fig.).

A hybrid power plant can work:

- on gasoline fuel, with direct injection and spark ignition system;

- in the ignition mode of the fuel-air mixture by compression Spark Controlled Compression Ignition (SCCI);

- on diesel fuel.

The hybrid power plant operates as follows (see Fig. 1 ... 6).

The on-board computer controls the operation of the power hybrid installation. When starting the hybrid power plant, you can use the stored air mixture from the receiver 13. The valve 5 of the cylinder 2 opens and due to the excess air pressure in the receiver 13, and applying a voltage pulse to the armature winding 16, for example, the piston 7, in the left cylinder 2 moves to the lower dead point, moving the rod 8 with the rotor 19 in the stator 14. At the same time, the piston 7, in the opposed (right) cylinder 2 moves to the top dead center and creates a vacuum in the under-piston compressor chamber 12. Under the influence of this vacuum, open the inlet valve 3 is inserted and a fresh portion of the air mixture is sucked into the compressor chamber 12. When the piston 2 moves to top dead center, the bypass valve 4, the purge valve 5 and the exhaust valve 6 are closed. The working mixture is compressed in cylinder 2. The on-board computer gives commands, a current pulse is applied and the nozzle 10 is opened, and fuel is sprayed under pressure into the working chamber 9, in the vicinity of the spark plug 11. A voltage pulse is applied to the spark plug 11, a spark jumps between the electrode electrodes , the working mixture ignites, the combustion and expansion of the working mixture occurs, the pressure in the cylinder 2 rises and the piston 7 moves to bottom dead center, moving the rotor 19 in the stator 14, the exhaust valve 6, the intake valve 3 is closed s, valve 4 of cylinder 2 opens and piston 7 pushes fresh air mixture from compressor chamber 12 to receiver 13. At the end of piston 7 stroke, exhaust valve 6 and valve 5 for supplying a fresh portion of air mixture from receiver 13 to working chamber 9 of cylinder 2 open As a result of this, a loop purge of the working chamber 9 of the cylinder 2 is carried out. The exhaust gases from the working chamber 9, through the valve 6 enter the muffler and then into the atmosphere. Thus, the reciprocating movements of the pistons 7 with the rods 8 occur, at the ends of which a rotor 19 is installed, which also performs reciprocating movements in the stator 14 of the generator 15. The excitation winding 20 of the rotor 19 is powered by a direct current source or the excitation of the rotor 19 is from high-energy permanent magnets 26 installed in the grooves of the rotor 19. With the reciprocating movement of the rotor 19 in the stator 14, the excitation flow crosses the conductors of the armature windings 16 of the stator 14 and induces windings 16 variable electromotive force (EMF) E, when connecting the armature windings 16 to the load, the current I passing through these windings creates a changing magnetic field, the resulting magnetic flux F is created by the combined action of the magnetizing forces: excitation windings 20, or the energy of permanent magnets 26 installed in the grooves of the rotor 19, and the changing magnetic field of the anchor windings 16 of the stator 14.

The hybrid power plant operates in a compressed-air fuel-air mixture compression ignition (SCCI) mode with a lean mixture.

At the end of the piston stroke 7, the exhaust valve 6 and the valve 5 for supplying a fresh portion of the air mixture from the receiver 13 to the working chamber 9 of the cylinder 2 are opened. A fresh portion of the air mixture is mixed with the remains of the hot exhaust gases, the exhaust gases warm the air mixture, facilitating its mixing inside working chamber 9. When the piston 2 moves to top dead center, the bypass valve 4, the purge valve 5 and the exhaust valve 6 are closed. The on-board computer gives commands, a current pulse is generated and the nozzle 10 is opened and fuel is sprayed under pressure into the working chamber 9, as a result of which a balanced homogeneous air-fuel mixture with an extremely low fuel content is formed in the cylinder. The piston 7 compresses the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder 2 to a certain volume, the pressure and temperature in the cylinder 2 rises to the point of self-ignition and the mixture burns out, the piston 7 moves to bottom dead center, moving the rotor 19 in the stator 14. The operation of the generator 15 does not differ from described above.

The diesel hybrid power plant is operating normally.

The operation of the hybrid power plant with a four-cylinder two-stroke opposed engine occurs in a similar way (see Fig. 9, 10, 11, 12). The differences are that the receivers 13 are connected and operate on two cylinders 2. Bypass valves 4 can operate in automatic mode. During the working stroke, overpressure is created in the sub-piston compressor chamber 12 of one cylinder 2, under which the bypass valve 4 opens, fresh air mixture from the piston compressor chamber 12 enters the receiver 13, automatically closing the bypass valve 4 of the other cylinder 2.

Two generators 15 are installed in the housing 1, two rotors 19 reciprocating at the ends of the piston rods 8 in the stators 14 of them. rotors 19 are also mounted on the ends of the piston rods 8. The excitation windings 20 of the rotors 19 are powered by a direct current source, or the rotors are excited from high-energy permanent magnets 26, setting in the grooves of the rotors 19. With the reciprocating movements of the rotors 19, the excitation flow crosses the conductors of the armature windings 16 and induces a variable electromotive force (EMF) E. When connecting the armature windings 16 to the load, the current I passing through these windings 16 creates a variable a magnetic field. The resulting magnetic flux Φ is created by the combined action of magnetically acting forces: field windings 20 of rotors 19, or the energy of permanent magnets 26 of rotors 19, and anchor windings 16 of stators 14.

The work of hybrid power plants with generators on the core 22 and toroidal 28 magnetic circuits (see Fig. 19, 20, 21, 22), characterized in that the reciprocating movements of the rotors 24 and 19 mounted on the ends of the piston rods 8 occur in the windows magnetic circuits 22 and 28. The excitation of the rotors 24 and 19 comes from high-energy permanent magnets 26 installed in the grooves of the rotors 24 and 19. With the reciprocating movement of the rotors 24 and 19, the excitation flux crosses the conductors of the windings 23 and 29 installed on the magnetic circuits 22 and 28, and ind it induces a variable electromotive force E. In them, when the windings 23 and 29 are connected to the load, the current I passing through these windings 23 and 29 creates a changing magnetic field. The resulting magnetic flux Φ is created by the combined action of magnetic forces: the energy of the permanent magnets 26 of the rotors 19 and 24 and the windings 23 and 29 of the magnetic circuits 22 and 28.

The secondary windings 23 located on the single rods of opposite cores 22 (see Figs. 19, 20 and 23, 24) can consist of successive circuits of the secondary windings 23 and capacitors C tuned to resonance voltages, while the payload is connected to the terminals of the windings 23 or the capacitor capacitance terminals C (not shown in FIG.).

Anchor windings, depending on the purpose, can be connected in a different way, sequentially, in parallel, by a star with a common point, a triangle, form a different number of phases, etc.

A hybrid power plant can operate autonomously as a generator supplying the load connected to it, or in parallel with a network to which other hybrid power plants are connected. For example, a hybrid power plant with a single-phase generator with a nominal voltage of 230 V, a frequency of 50 Hz, or a three-phase generator with a nominal voltage of 380 V, a frequency of 50 Hz. The rated power of the generator set can be increased by connecting additional hybrid power plants in parallel. Hybrid power plants can be equipped with generators with different nominal voltages, for example, in a hybrid power plant with a four-cylinder opposed two-stroke ICE, one single-phase generator with a nominal voltage of 230 V, another three-phase generator with a nominal voltage of 380 V. In hybrid power two generator sets, one generator can be used as a primary, and the other as a backup, for example in aviation, in military equipment.

Cars can also be equipped with power hybrid systems, for example, a four-cylinder two-stroke boxer engine with two generators. The on-board computer by means of an inverter converts the direct current of a high-voltage battery (for example, lithium-ion) into an alternating three-phase current, and feeds the vehicle's traction motor. When the charge level of the high-voltage batteries decreases below the set limit, the computer disconnects it from the traction motor and connects a three-phase generator to the traction motor, which powers it. Electricity generated by another generator, on command from the on-board computer, goes through the inverter to recharge the high-voltage battery. When the high-voltage battery is fully charged, the computer disconnects it from the inverter and connects it to the traction motor, disconnecting the generator from the traction motor. Charging a high-voltage battery can occur due to the energy of the internal combustion engine, with a slight load, as well as due to the recovery of energy during braking, as a result of these actions, fuel is saved and the emission of toxic substances into the atmosphere decreases.

To recharge auxiliary lead-acid batteries and power various on-board electrical equipment of the car, the generator’s anchor winding with a rectifier and relay regulator can be allocated or a special converter can be installed that converts the direct current of the high-voltage batteries to a direct current of 12-14 V.

High-energy permanent magnets installed in the grooves of the rotor significantly increase the reliability of the generators, due to the absence of field windings and sliding contacts, for supplying current to them.

The efficiency (efficiency) of gasoline four-stroke internal combustion engines is in the range from 20 to 25%, and diesel can reach 40%. The most effective, at the given time, is considered an electric motor, its efficiency can reach 90-95%. If an asynchronous electric motor is installed as a traction electric motor on a car, this will almost completely exclude maintenance of the electric motor during the designated safe life of the car, or install electric motors directly in the car's wheels, providing protection from environmental influences.

The efficiency of the generator depends on the design of the generator, the thickness of the stator package, the resistance of the windings, the design of the rotor, etc., but mainly on the power of the generator, the more powerful the generator, the higher its efficiency and can reach 90-95%.

The efficiency of the proposed hybrid power plant can reach 75-85% due to the structural combination of a two-stroke opposed ICE and a generator, since the rotor, or inductor, or generator solenoid is an element for connecting opposed pistons to each other.

If we compare, for example, a traditional hybrid power plant equipped with a four-cylinder four-stroke ICE and a generator installed between the ICE and a standard gearbox, with the proposed hybrid power plant, the effect is achieved by reducing:

- mechanical losses - pairwise connected pistons provide strictly reciprocating movement of the pistons, due to this there are no lateral forces acting on the cylinder walls from the side of the pistons. Friction and wear in the piston-cylinder group are reduced, the design of the piston and the engine itself is simplified. ICE is becoming easier, more technologically advanced (there is no crank mechanism, gearbox, gear and belt drives, rolling bearings, etc.);

- heat loss;

- fuel efficiency, especially in the ignition mode of the air-fuel mixture by compression (SCCI), characterized by the absence of an open flame and lower combustion temperature than that of diesel engines. As a result, the share of burnt fuel increases to 95-97% .;

- metal consumption;

- cost.

The advantage of the proposed hybrid power plant is the almost complete absence of vibration during operation. This effect is achieved due to the location of the pistons, which balance each other, as a result of which significantly increases the life of the power hybrid installation, in addition, they provide the car with a low center of gravity, which will favorably affect the stability of the car.

The mass of the high-voltage battery exceeds the mass of the hybrid power plant, given the optimal operating temperature of, for example, a lithium-ion battery, which is in the range from + 15 ° to + 35 ° C, then the car operates in harsh climatic conditions (-50 ° to +60 ° C) becomes problematic. In this case, the hybrid power plant can power the traction motor without using a high voltage battery.

Information sources

1. Vanguard ™ Industrial Generators Catalog

2. Mobile generators Briggs & stratton, catalog.

3. RF patent for the invention 2545109, “Internal combustion engine”.

4. Electric cars. D.E. Bruskin, A.E. Zorokhovich, V.S. Tails. M., "Higher School" 1987.

5. Cars equipped with hybrid power plants. The Internet.

Claims (3)

1. Power hybrid installation consisting of an internal combustion engine and a generator, characterized in that at the ends of the piston rods of the internal combustion engine a rotor or inductor or solenoid is installed, which, when the internal combustion engine is operating, makes reciprocating movements inside the generator stator to the winding the rotor excitation is powered by a direct current source, or the rotor excitation comes from high-energy permanent magnets installed in the grooves of the rotor, when In rotor rotational motion, the excitation flux crosses the conductors of the stator armature windings and induces a variable electromotive force (EMF) E in the windings, when the stator armature windings are connected to the load, the current I passing through these windings creates a changing magnetic field, the resulting magnetic flux F is created by the combined actions of the magnetizing forces : rotor field windings or rotor permanent magnet energy and the changing magnetic field of the stator armature windings. 2. A hybrid power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a rotor or inductor or solenoid is installed at the ends of the piston rods of the internal combustion engine, which, during operation of the internal combustion engine, makes reciprocating movements inside the magnetic circuit, and when the rotor reciprocates, the excitation flux crosses the conductors of the windings installed on the magnetic circuit, and induces a variable electromotive force (EMF) E in the windings, when connecting the windings of the magnetic circuit to the load, passing through tim winding current I creates a changing magnetic field, the resulting magnetic flux F generated by the joint action of forces magnitodeystvuyuschih: energy permanent magnets or excitation windings of the rotor and the changing magnetic field of the magnetic coils. 3. A hybrid power plant, consisting of a four-cylinder internal combustion engine and two generators according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the generators are shielded from each other by conductive material that impedes and attenuates the effects of the alternating field of the generator windings on each other.

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