RU2700020C2 - Optical sight with discrete change of magnification - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: optics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to optical instrument-making and can be used as a shooting, hunting, sports optical sight, which enables to observe objects with replaceable magnification and accordingly with a replaceable field of view in a variety of operating conditions. Optical sight with discrete change of magnification contains single-component wrapping system made moving during change of magnification along optical axis into two extreme positions, lens made of positive biconvex lens (1), negative meniscus (2), positive meniscus (3) and a positive plane-convex collective lens (4), first grid (5), (6) located in the focal plane of the lens, an eyepiece made in the form of four single lenses (14), (15), (16), (17), and also has second grid (12), (13) located between the wrapping system and the eyepiece, wherein the center of the second grid is the center of oscillation of the optical axis of the system, consisting of a first grid, an erecting system and a second grid, relative to the optical axis of the sight.

EFFECT: enabling creation of optical sight with discrete change of magnification with reduced number of lens parts and with an erection system which excludes input/output methods of components from the beam path, simplifies the design of mechanical assemblies by changing the magnification by a small axial displacement of the one-component wrapping system from one extreme position to the other, which improves the efficiency and reliability of the sighting operation while maintaining quality characteristics, weight of the sight optics and internal alignment for each of the magnifications, and improved comfort of the field of vision perception.

3 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The present invention relates to the field of optical instrumentation and can be used as a shooting, hunting, sports optical sight, providing the ability to observe objects using a variable zoom and, accordingly, a variable field of view in a wide variety of operating conditions.

Known sight PSO-1 and its modifications, consisting of a lens, a grid that is moved perpendicular to the optical axis to change the direction of the sighting axis of the sight, the wraparound system and the eyepiece (Weapons and technologies of Russia. Encyclopedia. XXI century: T. XI: Optoelectronic and laser equipment / Weapons and Technologies Publishing House, 2005. Section 4, “Sights for small arms,” p. 254).

The disadvantage of sights of the PSO-1 type and its modifications is the large length of the sight along the optical axis, the absence of a change in magnification, and the low twilight number. So, an optical sight with a magnification of 4 krata and an entrance pupil diameter of 24 mm has a length of 375 mm, its twilight number is 9.8.

The closest in technical essence is an optical sight with a discrete change of magnification (RF patent No. 2547044, publ. 04/10/2015), the optical system of which is taken as a prototype. The sight contains a lens, a grid that is moved perpendicular to the optical axis to change the direction of the sight axis of the sight, a wraparound system and an eyepiece, and the wraparound system is made of four components, the first and third of which are removed from the path of the rays when changing magnification. The embodiment of the sight has interchangeable magnifications of 6 and 1.5 krata, length 192 mm, the diameter of the entrance pupil of the sight is 42 mm, the diameter of the exit pupil is 7 mm and 10 mm, respectively, with the indicated magnifications. Removal of the exit pupil is 75-72 mm. The twilight number with an increase of 6 times is equal to 15.8.

The disadvantage of this optical sight with a discrete change of magnification is the high complexity of manufacturing optics associated with a significant number of lens parts (the total number of lenses in the optical circuit of the sight is 19), the complexity of the mechanical components due to the fact that the reversing system is made of four components, and the change of magnification carried out by the input-output of the rays of the first and third components of the wrapping system, which can reduce the efficiency and reliability of the sight.

The objective of the present invention is to provide an optical sight with a discrete change of magnification, containing a reduced number of lens parts and a wrapping system that excludes input / output of components from the path of the rays when changing magnification, while maintaining the speed of change of magnification, quality characteristics and weight of the optics of the sight, as well as improving comfort perception of the field of view.

The technical result due to the task is achieved by the fact that in an optical sight with a discrete change of magnification, containing a lens, a grid moving perpendicular to the optical axis to change the direction of the sight axis of the sight, the wrapping system and the eyepiece, in contrast to the known one, the wrapping system is made of one component consisting of a positive biconvex lens sequentially located along the beam, a negative meniscus facing concavity to the object, a negative two-fold a concave lens, a positive plano-convex lens, the plane facing the object, and a positive meniscus convex to the object, and when the magnification changes, it moves along the optical axis to two extreme positions, with the following relationships:

OS = _OS (3 ÷ 9) ⋅OS _ON,

δ _OS = (0.2 ÷ 0.6) ⋅F _OB ,

where OS _OS - the optical power of the wrapping system;

OS _OB - optical power of the sight lens;

δ _OS - the amount of movement of the wrapping system along the optical axis;

F _AB - the focal length of the lens of the sight.

Such an optical system provides a reduction in the number of lens parts in the wrapping system and a quick change of magnification due to the small longitudinal movement of the wrapping system along the optical axis while maintaining the quality characteristics and weight of the sight optics.

The essence of the invention in the second embodiment consists in the fact that in an optical sight with a discrete change of magnification, in contrast to the known one, the lens is made in the form of a positive biconvex lens, a negative meniscus facing concavity to the object, a positive meniscus convex to the subject and the positive plano-convex collective lens convex to the subject, and the eyepiece is made in the form of four single lenses, the first of which is negative a facing concavity to the object, the second - a biconcave negative lens, the third and fourth - positive biconvex lens, wherein the following relation is satisfied:

d ₂₆ = (0.03 ÷ 0.3) ⋅F _OK ,

where d ₂₆ is the air gap between the negative meniscus and the biconcave negative lens of the eyepiece;

F _OK - the focal length of the eyepiece of the sight.

Such an optical system reduces the number of lens parts in the lens.

The essence of the invention according to the third embodiment consists in the fact that in the optical sight with a discrete change of magnification, in contrast to the known one, there is a second grid located between the reversing system and the eyepiece, the center of which is aligned with the optical axis of the sight and the plane of the second intermediate image, and the direction changes the sight axis of the sight is carried out in that the optical axis on which the first grid, the wrapping system and the second grid are located, is made swinging relative to the optical axis of the sight, Rich swing center aligned with the center of the second grid, with the following relation:

where ϕ is the swing angle of the optical axis of the components, consisting of the first grid, the wrapping system and the second grid, relative to the optical axis of the sight;

Δ1 - the magnitude of the transverse displacement of the first grid, corresponding to the maximum specified range of sight alignment;

L _1-2 - the distance between the centers of the first and second grid.

Such an optical system provides improved comfort in the perception of the field of view by maintaining sighting marks in the center of the field of view of the sight when changing the direction of the sight axis of the sight.

The optical circuit of the sight with a discrete change in magnification is shown in figure 1.

An optical sight with a discrete change in magnification contains a lens I, consisting of lenses 1, 2, 3 and 4, a first grid II, consisting of plane-parallel plates 5 and 6, wrapping system III, consisting of lenses 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, the second grid IV, consisting of plane-parallel plates 12 and 13, the eyepiece V, consisting of lenses 14, 15, 16 and 17. The eye of the observer is placed in the exit pupil 18.

The design parameters of the embodiment of the optical sight with a discrete change of magnification are shown in table 1.

The parameters of this embodiment of the optical sight with a discrete change of magnification:

- increase, fold: 1.5 and 6; - angular field of view, ... °:  16 and 4; - resolution,…": 40 and 10; - diameter of the entrance pupil, mm: 36; - exit pupil diameter, mm: 10 and 6; - removal of the exit pupil, mm: fifty; - length along the optical axis, mm: 230; - mass of optical parts, g: 136; - the range of changes in the direction of the sighting axis of the sight, etc .: ± 0-10.

The principle of operation of an optical sight with a discrete change in magnification is as follows.

The radiation coming from the objects with the help of the “I” lens is formed into the first real, inverted image of the objects in the plane with which the plane of the first grid “II” is combined - the plane of gluing of plane-parallel plates 5 and 6, on the inside of one of which it is possible to apply a rangefinder scales and reticle. This design of the grid increases its resistance to powerful impact, eliminates the shedding, abrasion or contamination of the pattern of scales and reticle. Next, the lenses 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 included in the wrapping system III create a second real, direct image of the objects. To change the magnification of the sight, the wrapping system III moves along the optical axis from one extreme position to another, while the position of the plane of the second real image remains unchanged, which is ensured by the following relationships:

OS = _OS (3 ÷ 9) ⋅OS _ON,

δ _OS = (0.2 ÷ 0.6) ⋅F _OB ,

where OS _OS - the optical power of the wrapping system "III";

OS _OB - the optical power of the lens “I” sight.

δ _OS - the amount of movement of the wrapping system "III" along the optical axis;

F _AB - the focal length of the lens "I" sight.

The fulfillment of these ratios ensures a decrease in the number of lens parts in the “III” wrapping system and a quick change of magnification due to the small longitudinal movement of the “III” wrapping system along the optical axis while maintaining the quality characteristics and weight of the sight optics. The front focal plane of the eyepiece “V” is combined with the plane of the second real image. Next, the eyepiece “V” forms images of objects, a rangefinder scale and sighting marks of the first “I” grid at infinity. At the same time, the “III” wrapping system in each of the two extreme positions provides an almost unchanged position of the exit pupil 18 behind the “V” eyepiece of the sight when changing magnification. To correct the ametropia of the observer’s eye and form images of objects and the “II” reticle at a convenient distance for the eye, the eyepiece “V” moves along the optical axis by the amount of diopter movement. To change the direction of the sighting axis of the sight in the space of objects with the aim of aligning the sight on the weapon and / or entering corrections, the “II” grid can be moved perpendicular to the optical axis of the sight.

The principle of operation of the invention according to the second embodiment is that the lens “I” of the sight is made in the form of positive biconvex lens 1, negative meniscus 2, facing concavity to the subject, positive meniscus 3, convex to the subject and positive plane-convex collective the lens is convex to the object, and the eyepiece “V” is made in the form of four single lenses, the first of which is the negative meniscus 14, facing the concavity to the object, the second is two kovognutaya negative lens 15, the third and fourth - positive biconcave lenses 16 and 17, wherein the following relation is satisfied:

d ₂₆ = (0.03 ÷ 0.3) ⋅F _OK ,

where d ₂₆ is the air gap between the negative meniscus and the biconcave negative lens of the eyepiece "V";

F _OK - the focal length of the eyepiece "V" of the sight.

This design solution, as well as the fulfillment of the above ratio, provides a decrease in the number of lens parts in the lens.

The principle of operation of the invention according to the third embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 2 and lies in the fact that the plane of the second grid “IV” is combined with the plane of the second real image — the plane of gluing of plane-parallel plates 12 and 13, on the inside of one of which it is also possible to apply sighting marks. The center "C2" of the second grid "IV", located between the reversing system "III" and the eyepiece "V", is aligned with the optical axis of the sight and the plane of the second intermediate image, and the direction of the sighting axis of the sight is changed by the fact that the optical axis on which the first grid "II", the wrapping system "III" and the second grid "IV" are located, made swinging relative to the optical axis of the sight, and the center of swing is aligned with the center "C2" of the second grid "IV", while the following relationship is true:

where ϕ is the swing angle of the optical axis of the components, consisting of the first grid “II”, the wrapping system “III” and the second grid “IV”, relative to the optical axis of the sight;

Δ ₁ - the magnitude of the transverse displacement of the center "C7" of the first grid "II", corresponding to the maximum specified range of sight alignment;

L _1-2 - the distance between the centers "C7" of the first "II" and "C2" of the second "IV" grid.

This provides an improvement in the comfort of perceiving the field of view by maintaining sighting marks in the center of the field of view of the sight when changing the direction of the sight axis of the sight.

In embodiments, the movement of the components 1, 2 and 3 of the lens “I” along the optical axis can be used to focus at close distances to the object and eliminate parallax.

In the optical design of the sight, the image quality on the axis and in the field satisfies the criteria applicable to field observation devices: the rms sizes of the aberration scattering spots for all field points do not exceed 1-3 angular minutes behind the eyepiece of the device. The resolution limit is not worse than 10 ''. The thermal stability of the optical system is ensured in the operating temperature range from -50 to + 50 ° С without deterioration of resolution, while the case material and the spaces between the lenses are aluminum alloy and there are no compensation shifts of components in the system, except for diopter movement of the eyepiece. The twilight number in the considered embodiment with an increase of 6 times is 14.7 and is almost the same as in the device - a close analogue equal to 15.8.

The proposed optical sight with a discrete change of magnification contains a smaller number of lens parts (the total number of lens parts is 13 instead of 19 for the analog), reduces the complexity of the mechanical components due to the fact that the change of magnification is carried out by a small axial displacement of a single-component reversing system (in the considered embodiment the displacement is 26 mm) from one extreme position to another, which increases the efficiency and reliability of the sight while maintaining the quality characteristics, the weight of the optics and scope and internal reconciliation for each of the magnifications.

Claims (16)

1. The optical sight with a discrete change of magnification, containing a lens, a grid that is moved perpendicular to the optical axis to change the direction of the sight axis of the sight, a wraparound system and an eyepiece, characterized in that the wraparound system is made of one component, consisting of positive biconvex sequentially located along the beam a lens, a negative meniscus facing concavity to an object, a negative biconcave lens, a positive plano-convex lens, facing toward the one and the positive meniscus, convex to the object, and the wrapping system, when changing the magnification, moves along the optical axis to two extreme positions, while the following relationships are true: OC _0C = (3 ÷ 9) ⋅OC _0Б , δ _0С = (0.2 ÷ 0.6) ⋅F _OB , where OS _OS ^{_ the} optical power of the wrapping system; OS _OB - optical power of the sight lens; δ _OS - the amount of movement of the wrapping system along the optical axis; F _AB - the focal length of the lens of the sight. 2. An optical sight with a discrete change of magnification according to claim 1, characterized in that the lens is made in the form of positive biconvex lenses, a negative meniscus facing concavity to the object, a positive meniscus convex to the subject, and a positive collective convex collective the lens is convex to the object, and the eyepiece is made in the form of four single lenses, the first of which is the negative meniscus, facing concavity to the object, the second is biconcave negative lens, the third and fourth - positive biconvex lenses, while the following ratio is true: d ₂₆ = (0.03 ÷ 0.3) ⋅F _OK , where d ₂₆ is the air gap between the negative meniscus and the biconcave negative lens of the eyepiece; F _OK - the focal length of the eyepiece of the sight. 3. An optical sight with a discrete change of magnification according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains a second grid located between the wrapping system and the eyepiece, the center of which is aligned with the optical axis of the sight and the plane of the second intermediate image, and the direction of the sight axis of the sight is changed by that the optical axis on which the first grid, the wrapping system and the second grid are located, is made to swing relative to the optical axis of the sight, and the center of swing is aligned with the center of the second grid, while is satisfied the following relationship:

, where ϕ is the swing angle of the optical axis of the components, consisting of the first grid, the wrapping system and the second grid, relative to the optical axis of the sight; Δ ₁ - the magnitude of the transverse displacement of the first grid, corresponding to the maximum specified range of sight alignment; L _1-2 - the distance between the centers of the first and second grid.

Images