RU2695451C1 - Smart static electricity meter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measuring equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electronic digital electrical equipment, devices for monitoring, accounting and analysis of production or consumption of electric energy in single-phase and three-phase alternating current circuits, can be used in various industries, science and technology, at power engineering facilities and consumers (users) of electric energy, in automated information and measurement systems for monitoring and accounting of electrical energy and other types of energy resources, mass data collection and information from various terminal devices, including counters, sensors and detectors by types of energy resources, movement, position and performed actions, as well as other intelligent equipment and their centralized program processing. Device comprises a housing, a mains rectifier, a voltage reference voltage stabilizer, a power control microcontroller and an initial reset, a standby power supply, a clamp circuit for power and load circuits, measuring elements of voltage and current as per the number of phases and neutral, modules of input differential voltage and current signals analogue processing, operational amplifiers of analogue signals with programmable amplification and feedback, multichannel analogue-to-digital converters, which include integrators, comparators, adders, digital-to-analogue converters and feedback, digital input digital processing modules, digital signals decimation, phase compensation, digital filters including high-frequency, fundamental frequency, low-frequency and selective harmonic content filters, digital signal automatic calibration modules, digital signal microprocessor with address, data and control buses, modules for timing reference signals, galvanic isolation of digital signals, output peripheral interfaces, output pulse telemetry signal, output pulse test signal, metrological nonvolatile memory, galvanic isolation of interprocessor interaction, central control microprocessor, applications and applications, clock signal generation modules, primary single-time clock, self-contained single-time clock power supply, synchronization of the counting logic, the setting frequency generator, the electronic reading device interface, the information display, the control interface, the touch pad of the keyboard and the user button, non-volatile memory devices interface modules, nonvolatile memory of standard and urgent events, non-volatile memory of automatic self-diagnostics, non-volatile memory of communication connections, interface of additional functions, standard and urgent events monitoring sensors, automatic self-diagnostics sensors, temperature, pressure and humidity sensors, external action sensors, intrusion sensors, process flow (theft) sensors, digital communication interfaces gateway, a lower level communication interface, low-power digital wireless near-range communication technologies, a high-level first digital communication interface, digital wireless long-range communication technologies, a second digital communication interface of upper level, digital near-contact communication and radio frequency identification, a functioning indication interface, optical RGB indication LEDs, a differential transformer, AC circuit monitoring modules, sensitive elements, a differential protection power key with pole contacts by the number of phases and neutral.

EFFECT: broader functional capabilities, high accuracy, discreteness and speed, synchronized vector measurements of basic parameters of alternating current circuit.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to electronic-digital electrical engineering, in particular, to devices for monitoring, accounting and analysis of the production or consumption of electrical energy in single-phase and three-phase AC circuits, can be used in various sectors of the economy, science and technology, at electric power facilities and among consumers (users) of electric energy, in automated information and measurement systems for monitoring and accounting of energy resources, management and distribution of energy resources, mass collection data and information from different endpoints, including counters, sensors and detectors of types of energy, motion, position and committed actions, as well as other intelligent hardware and software processing centralized.

A known electric energy meter containing voltage and current sensors connected to a multiplier-converter, the output of which is connected to a microprocessor connected to a memory unit, a prepayment device, including means for receiving electronic money in the form of electronic cards and a directional button connected to a microprocessor, the output of which connected to a display and a vacuum circuit breaker with a drive controlled by a microprocessor, disconnecting the consumer load from the network. The counter allows you to track payments for electricity by comparing with the data on payments recorded in the memory unit, and disconnect the power consumption in the presence of debt and non-payment, (patent RU 2098835 C1, IPC G01R 11/00, publication date 10/12/1997)

The disadvantage of this electric energy meter is the lack of on-line monitoring of the status of the AC circuit and load circuit monitoring, which perform the functions of protecting AC electric circuits from short circuits, electric current leakage and overloads, as well as the possibility of its protective shutdown in case of problems.

A device for accounting electric energy comprising a converter of electric power into a pulse frequency, a summing device, an indicator, a key, a control unit, an alarm unit and a control unit for a dispatcher. The control unit contains a detector for the deviation of the voltage amplitude of the supplied electric energy from the requirements of GOST, the first inverter, an OR element, a detector for the deviation of the voltage frequency of the supplied electric energy from the requirements of GOST, a second inverter, the first and second signaling devices and the first and second recording devices. The alarm unit contains a satellite receiver, an electronic clock, the first and second AND elements, a memory unit and a transmitting device, a control unit for the dispatcher contains a receiver device and an indicator connected in series. The technical result of this electric energy metering device is to increase the information content (patent RU 2503016 C1, IPC G01R 22/00, publication date 12/27/2013).

A known device for accounting electric energy, comprising a converter of electric power into a pulse frequency, summing devices, indicators, keys, inverters, an OR element, recording devices, signaling devices, a detector for deviating the voltage amplitude of the supplied electric energy from GOST requirements, a detector for deviating the voltage frequency of the supplied electric energy from GOST requirements and a percentage calculation device. The technical result of this electric energy metering device is to expand the functionality by providing separate accounting for high-quality, low-quality and total consumed electric energy with the percentage of high-quality and low-quality electricity being found and indication of this ratio (patent RU2509313 C1, IPC G01R 22/00, publication date 10.03 .2014).

Common disadvantages of these electric energy meters are their low accuracy, discreteness and low speed of measuring physical quantities (the absence of instantaneous and rms values) and low functional capabilities due to the fact that accounting for the consumption (consumption) of electric energy is implemented regardless of the quality control of electric energy. They equally take into account the total total consumption (consumption) of high-quality electric energy that meets the standards and requirements of GOST and low-quality electric energy that does not correspond to them. They do not implement the functions of identifying random distortions of voltage and current, signaling, registration, hardware and documentary confirmation of deviations of the quality indicators of electric energy from the established norms and requirements of GOST.

Closest to the presence of design features to the claimed invention is an electric energy meter comprising a load circuit, a power measurement unit, voltage and current sensors, a multiplier-converter, a microprocessor, a memory unit, a real-time clock, a galvanic cell, a health monitoring unit of a galvanic cell, a set programmable timers, multi-level threshold element, protection unit containing a differential transformer, protective shutdown control unit, sensor element and functional converter, trip block drive, key, trip module and switch module, display, PLC modem and meter power supply unit (patent RU 2298192 C1, IPC G01R 11/00, publication date 04/27/2007).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low accuracy, discreteness and low speed of measurement of physical quantities and limited functionality, since the device does not support the functions of monitoring the quality of electric energy, separate accounting for high-quality, low-quality and total electric energy, identification of random voltage and current distortions, alarms, registration, hardware and documentary confirmation of deviations of the quality indicators of electric energy from the established GOST standards and requirements, operational monitoring of regular and urgent events, automatic self-diagnosis of device circuit elements, registration of highly informative signs of disaggregation (recognition) of electrical appliances (devices, equipment) included in the electrical load circuit, mass data and information collection from various terminal devices, including counters , sensors, sensors and detectors according to the types of energy resources, movement, position and actions performed, as well as other technical means and their centralized program I process in a single time mode, reception and transmission of measurement results, discrete signals (commands) of control and regulation, control, accounting and analysis of energy consumption using bidirectional (synchronous) digital channels of wireless communication technologies at short and global distances.

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention is the greatest expansion of the functionality of electric energy meters and increase the accuracy, resolution and speed of complex vector measurements of the physical quantities of parametric signals of an alternating current circuit.

To solve this technical problem, an intelligent static electric energy counter is proposed, comprising a housing, a clamping plate for connecting the power supply circuit and the load circuit, voltage and current measuring elements, a digital signal microprocessor, a reference clock module, a non-volatile memory metrological module, and a clock signal building module , single time primary clock module, self-contained power supply, differential transformer, mo module iteration of the state of the AC circuit, the module of sensitive elements, the power switch module of differential protection with pole contacts by the number of phases and neutral, a network rectifier, the inputs of which by the number of phases and neutral are connected to the circuit of the mains power supply, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of the stabilizer module of the reference values power supply voltages, the first, second, third, fourth and fifth outputs of which are connected to the respective buses by levels of the reference voltage of the power supply of the elements of the device circuit VA, the input-output of the module of the stabilizer of the values of the reference voltage of the power supply is connected to the first input-output of the module of the microcontroller of power management and initial reset, the second input-output of which is connected to the input-output of the backup power supply module, the outputs of the voltage and current measuring elements according to the number of phases and the neutrals are respectively connected to the signal inputs of the analog processing modules of the input differential voltage and current signals, the first outputs of which are connected respectively with the first signal inputs of the modules of multichannel analog-to-digital converters, and the second outputs are connected to the first signal inputs of the modules of operational amplifiers of analog current signals with programmable gain and feedback elements, the second outputs of which are connected to the second signal inputs of the modules of multichannel analog-to-digital converters, outputs which are connected to the signal inputs of the digital processing modules of the input digital streams, the outputs of which are connected to the signal the inputs of digital decimation modules, the outputs of which are connected to the signal inputs of the phase compensation modules, the outputs of which are connected to the signal inputs of the digital filter modules, the outputs of which are connected to the signal inputs of the digital signal automatic calibration modules, the outputs of which are connected to the first, third, fifth and the seventh signal inputs of the digital signal microprocessor, the second, fourth, sixth and eighth control inputs and outputs of the address buses, the data and control of which are connected with the corresponding control inputs and outputs of the analog processing modules for input differential voltage and current signals, modules of operational amplifiers of analog current signals with programmable amplification factors and feedback elements, modules, multichannel analog-to-digital converters, digital filter modules and automatic digital signal calibration modules, the ninth input-output of the digital signal microprocessor is connected to the inputs and outputs of the reference clock clock module , the tenth input-output of the digital signal microprocessor is connected to the first input-output of the module for galvanic isolation of digital signals, the second, third and fourth inputs and outputs of which are connected respectively to the inputs and outputs of the module of output peripheral interfaces, the module of output pulse telemetric signals and the module of output pulse test signals, the eleventh input-output of a digital signal microprocessor is connected to the input-output of a peripheral module of a metrological non-volatile memory, the twelfth input-output of the digital signal microprocessor is connected to the first input-output of the clock building module, the second input-output of which is connected to the first input-output of the primary clock unit, the second input-output of which is connected to the input-output of an autonomous power supply, thirteenth the input-output of a digital signal microprocessor is connected to the first input-output of a peripheral module for galvanic isolation of digital signals of peripheral interfaces and digital control signals inter-processor interaction, the second input-output of which is connected to the first input-output of the central microprocessor of control, applications and applied analytical programs, the second input-output of which is connected to the third input-output of the clock module, the third input-output of the central control microprocessor, applications and applied analytical programs are connected to the first input-output of the counting logic synchronization module, the second input-output of which is connected to the first input-output of the module about a frequency generator, the second input-output of which is connected to the third input-output of the primary clock at a single time, the fourth output of the central control microprocessor, applications and applied analytical programs is connected to the input of the interface module of the electronic reading device, the output of which is connected to the input of the information visualization and display module , the fifth input of the central control microprocessor, applications and applied analytical programs is connected to the output of the control interface module, the inputs of which connected to the outputs of the touch panel of the keyboard and user’s touch button, the sixth input-output of the central microprocessor of control, applications and applied analytical programs is connected to the first input-output of the interface module of non-volatile memory devices, the second, third and fourth inputs and outputs of which are connected respectively to the module non-volatile memory of regular and urgent events, a non-volatile memory module for automatic self-diagnosis of the technical state of the device circuit elements VA and a non-volatile memory module for communication connections, the seventh control input-output of the central microprocessor of control, applications and applied analytical programs is connected to the control input-output of the power switch module of differential protection with pole contacts by the number of phases and neutral, the actuating elements of which switch the load circuit, input the differential transformer in the number of phases and neutral is connected respectively to the output from the side of the network circuit of the power supply and the output from the side of the load circuit, the output of the differential transformer is connected to the signal input of the module for operational monitoring of the state of the AC circuit, the output of which is connected to the signal input of the module of sensitive elements, the outputs of which are connected to the signal input of the power switch module of differential protection with pole contacts according to the number of phases and neutral, the eighth input-output of the central microprocessor of control, applications and applied analytical programs is connected to the first input-output of the interface module d additional functions, the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh inputs and outputs of which are connected respectively to the sensor module for regular and urgent events, the sensor module for automatic self-diagnosis of the technical state of the device elements, the sensor module for temperature, pressure, humidity, the sensor module for external influences, tamper / intrusion sensor module, process energy / energy theft sensor module, ninth input-output of a central control microprocessor, applications and applied analytical programs are connected to the first input-output of the peripheral module of the gateway of digital communication interfaces of the network and application levels, the second input-output of which is connected to the first input-output of the module of the digital communication interface of the lower level, the second, third and fourth inputs and outputs of which are connected respectively with low-power, short-range digital wireless technologies, third input / output of the peripheral module of the digital communications gateway of the network and application layer interfaces is connected to the first input-output of the first top-level digital communication interface module, the second, third and fourth inputs and outputs of which are connected respectively to the long-range digital wireless communication technology modules, the fourth input-output of the peripheral digital communication gateway module interfaces of the network and application layers connected to the first input-output of the second module of the digital communication interface of the upper level, the second and rety input-output of which are respectively connected to the digital modules proximal non-contact communication and RFID, tenth output central control microprocessor, application and applied analytical software module connected to the input interface display operation, the outputs of which are connected respectively with optical RGB-LED display.

The proposed intelligent static electric energy meter can be implemented using the available element base of integrated circuits, microcontrollers and microprocessors, means and channels of bidirectional (synchronous) wireless communication technologies, existing equipment and known materials. The applicant did not find other technical solutions of a similar purpose with similar essential features when conducting a search in scientific and technical literature and patent documentation. Therefore, the applicant believes that the proposal for this application meets the eligibility criteria of the invention of “novelty”, “inventive step” and “industrial applicability”.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a non-exclusive example of the implementation of a functional block diagram of the proposed three-phase intelligent static static electricity meter, FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the interaction of intelligent static electric energy meters with related information systems.

In the figures indicated: 1 - body; 2 - network rectifier (AC / DC); 3 - stabilizer values of the reference voltage supply (DC / DC); 4 - microcontroller power management and initial reset; 5 - backup power supply; 6 - clamping plate connecting circuits of the mains power supply and load; 7, 8, 9 and 10 - measuring elements of voltage and current according to the number of phases and neutral; 11, 12, 13 and 14 - modules for analog processing of input differential signals of voltage and current (AFE); 15, 16, 17 and 18 - modules of operational amplifiers of analogue current signals (PGA) with programmable gain and feedback elements; 19, 20, 21 and 22 - modules of multichannel analog-to-digital converters (ADC) containing integrators, comparators, adders, digital-to-analog converters (DAC) and feedback elements; 23, 24, 25 and 26 - modules for digital processing of input digital streams (DFE); 27, 28, 29 and 30 - decimation modules of digital signals (DB); 31, 32, 33 and 34 - phase compensation modules (PC); 35, 36, 37, and 38 are digital filter modules (DF) containing high-pass filters (HPF), basic frequency filters (FF), low-pass filters (LPF) and harmonic selective filters (HF), 39, 40, 41, and 42 - modules for automatic calibration of digital signals; 43 - digital signal microprocessor (DSP) with address, data and control buses on the core with ARM Cortex-M architecture and programmable digital processing of parametric parameters of the AC circuit, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of power consumption; 44 - module clock reference signals; 45 - module galvanic isolation of digital signals; 46 - module output peripheral interfaces; 47 - module output pulse telemetric signal; 48 - module output pulse test signal; 49 - module metrological non-volatile memory; 50 - module galvanic isolation of digital signals of peripheral interfaces and digital control signals (commands) interprocess communication; 51 - Central microprocessor (CPU) control, applications and applied analytical programs; 52 - module building a clock signal; 53 - module primary clock single time; 54 - autonomous power source for primary clocks of a single time; 55 - synchronization module of the counting logic, 56 - module of the master frequency generator; 57 - module interface electronic reading device; 58 - module for visualization and display of information; 59 - control interface module; 60 - touchpad keyboard; 61 - user touch button; 62 - non-volatile memory interface module with expandable memory; 63 - non-volatile memory module for regular and urgent events; 64 - non-volatile memory module for automatic self-diagnosis of the technical state of the device circuit elements; 65 - module non-volatile memory of communication connections; 66 - module interface additional functions with the possibility of expanding functions; 67 - sensor module for operational monitoring of regular and urgent events; 68 - sensor module for automatic self-diagnosis of the technical state of the elements of the device; 69 - module of temperature, pressure and humidity sensors; 70 - module of external impact sensors; 71 - tamper / interference sensor module; 72 - a module of sensors of technological flow / theft of electrical energy; 73 - gateway module of digital communication interfaces of the network and application layers; 74 - module of the lower level digital communication interface, connecting 75, 76 and 77 - modules of digital wireless technologies for short-range communication with low energy consumption (WPAN, WLAN); 78 -module of the first top-level digital communication interface connecting 79, 80 and 81 - modules of digital wireless long-range communication technologies (WMAN, WWAN, LPWAN); 82 - module of the second digital upper level communication interface, connecting 83 and 84 - modules of digital near contactless communication (NFC) and radio frequency identification (RFID); 85 - a module for an operation indication interface, including 86, 87, 88, and 89 — optical RGB indication LEDs; 90 - differential transformer; 91 - modules for operational monitoring of the state of the alternating current circuit; 92 - modules for sensitive elements; 93 - module power switch differential protection with pole contacts by the number of phases and neutral; 94 - load circuit, 95 - intelligent static electricity meter (Smart meter); 96 - internal (local) information system of the lower level (Local); 97 - devices for digital near contactless communication and radio frequency identification (NFC, RFID); 98 - external (global) information system of the upper level (Global); 99 - base station subsystem (BSS); 100 - network and switching subsystem (NSS); 101 - a center for collecting and processing information (Data Center), including a server for digital processing and storage of data, incoming and outgoing information (Data Base), an application server and applied analytical programs (Application), a publicly accessible Web server with maintaining personal accounts of consumers (users) ); 102 - a global system of information networks (Internet, Ethernet) for bi-directional (synchronous) reception and transmission of data and information; 103 - Intuitive User Interface. Reception, transmission, input and output of data and information, control signals (commands) between intelligent static electricity meters and consumers (users) is performed exclusively in encapsulated (protected) form. The device operates as follows:

In normal operating mode, the pole contacts are closed by the number of phases and neutrals of the differential protection power switch 93 and the load circuit 94 is connected to the mains power supply circuit, as evidenced by the visually observed optical RGB LED indicator 86 of red color.

Differential transformer 90 provides on-line monitoring of the state of the AC circuit, based on an integrated assessment of changes in differential currents and magnetic fluxes at the input from the side of the mains power supply circuit and at the output from the load circuit 94. The primary converter of the protection signals is a differential transformer 90, the primary windings of which are connected by the number of phases and neutrals at the input from the side of the network power supply circuit and at the output from the side of load circuit 94, and the secondary windings through the module 91 for operational monitoring of the state of the AC circuit and module 92 sensitive elements connected to the module 93 of the power switch differential protection with pole contacts by the number of phases and neutrals, providing a protective shutdown of the load circuit 94.

The results of operational monitoring of the state of the AC circuit are received at the seventh input-output of the central microprocessor (CPU) 51 control, applications and applied analytical programs, which in accordance with a given program carries out their control, analysis, processing, accumulation and storage, and, if necessary, generates a control signal (command) for the protective shutdown of the load circuit 94.

If nobody touches the current-carrying parts of electrical appliances (devices, equipment) and there is no damage to the insulation of the conductors, then equal opposite currents and magnetic fluxes are induced in the primary windings by the number of phases and neutrals at the input and output, resulting in currents in the secondary windings differential transformer 90 will be zero. In the event of a short circuit or current leakage, the balance of currents and magnetic fluxes occurs in the primary windings of the differential transformer 90, and an electric current arises in the secondary windings, which acts through the module 91 for on-line monitoring of the state of the alternating current circuit and the module 92 of sensing elements on the power switch module 93 differential protection with pole contacts by the number of phases and neutral, performing a protective shutdown of the load circuit 94. The load circuit 94 is disconnected from the network circuit of the power supply, as evidenced by the visually observed optical RGB LED indicator 86 yellow. The central microprocessor (CPU) 51 for control, applications, and applied analytical programs analyzes the modules 91 for on-line monitoring of the state of the AC circuit and, after eliminating the source of a short circuit or current leakage, sends a signal (command) to restore the power supply circuit, as evidenced by the visually observed optical RGB LED indications 86 are green. The module 91 for operational monitoring of regular and urgent events records any changes in the characteristics of the alternating current circuit, the total number of switching on and off of the load circuit 94, the date, time, period, operator codes and actions taken.

The peripheral module 2 of the network rectifier (AC / DC) and module 3 of the stabilizer of the values of the reference voltage supply (DC / DC) provide the main and multi-level power supply for all electronic components of the device and are available for external circuits (5.0V, 3.3V, 2.5 V, 1.8 V and 1.2V). The necessary power levels are formed by integrated regulators with low intrinsic voltage drop and reference power sources, which are additionally buffered (converted) to other power levels of integrated circuit components. The power management and initial reset microcontroller module 4 provides a delay in turning on the digital part of the integrated circuits to 1 millisecond, and in the event of a drop in the supply voltage below a predetermined level, it prohibits the operation of integrated circuits. In cases of power failure from the mains power supply module 4 automatically connects the backup power supply module 5 for the time necessary and sufficient to provide power to the electronic components of regular and urgent events, the normal completion of control and accounting modes and processes, as well as communications to inform consumers (users) about what happened. The mains power supply is turned off while the power supply circuit is being restored.

In the normal operating mode, the process of measuring the parametric parameters of the AC circuit, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of power consumption is implemented as follows: the input differential voltage and current signals from the integrated voltage and current measuring elements are first processed analogously, then digitized and then processed by digital processing methods signals.

Integral measuring elements 7, 8, 9 and 10 of voltage and current according to the number of phases and neutral perform complex vector measurements of the ultra-small physical quantities of the entire spectrum of parametric signals of an alternating current electric circuit, including vector instantaneous values of frequency (f), voltage (U) and current strength (I), as well as harmonic components of the nth order of voltage (Un) and current (In). Static intelligent electric energy meter supports various types of integrated current measuring elements - measuring transformers, resistive dividers (shunts) and Rogowski coils.

From the integral measuring elements 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the voltage and current according to the number of phases and neutral, the entire spectrum of parametric signals is fed to the inputs of the modules 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the analog processing of the input differential voltage and current (AFE) signals, where the selection is first made the main, aperiodic and harmonic components of the spectrum of parametric signals with a given frequency bandwidth, pulse and high-frequency noise are suppressed, and then their analog processing and conversion of input differential ignalov a pulse repetition frequency with a programmable correction metrological characteristics to minimize error and adaptation to destabilizing factors. The permissible range of input differential signals must not exceed ± 300 mV.

Modules 15, 16, 17 and 18 of operational amplifiers of analogue current signals (PGA) with programmable gain and feedback elements in the multiplicity range of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 respectively set the acceptable ranges of input differential signals ± 300, ± 150, ± 75, ± 37.5 or 18.75 mV. To reduce the programmable sensitivity thresholds of instantaneous ultra-small quantities in the voltage measuring channels by the number of phases and neutral, analogous modules of operational amplifiers of analog voltage signals (PGA) with similar programmable amplification factors and feedback elements (in Fig. 1 are shown with a dashed line) can also be added.

Processed and amplified analog parametric signals are fed to the inputs of modules 19, 20, 21, and 22 of multi-channel analog-to-digital converters (ADC), containing integrators, comparators with a sampling frequency of up to 4 MHz, adders, digital-to-analog converters (DAC), and feedback elements where the parametric voltage and current signals, continuously changing in time, are converted into equivalent values of digital codes.

The digitized parametric signals are fed to the inputs of the digital input stream (DFE) digital processing modules 23, 24, 25, and 26, where the input digital streams of the voltage and current parametric signals are synchronized in time.

Time-synchronized digital streams of parametric voltage and current signals are fed to the inputs of digital signal (DB) decimation modules 27, 28, 29 and 30, where the sampling frequency of the parametric voltage and current signals is reduced by thinning out the numerical values of digital signals (samples) in fixed time intervals (gates) and conversion of input digital streams with a sampling frequency of up to 4 MHz to digital streams of 16, 24 or 32-bit data with a sampling frequency of up to 8 kHz.

The gated samples of the digital flows of the parametric voltage and current signals are fed to the inputs of the phase compensation modules (PC) 31, 32, 33 and 34, where the input digital flows of the parametric voltage and current signals are phased by introducing phase shifts in them to minimize the error and stabilize the parameters output digital streams of parametric voltage and current signals.

After phase compensation, the digital flows of the parametric voltage and current signals are fed to the inputs of the digital filter modules (DF) 35, 36, 37 and 38, which contain high-frequency filters (HPF), eliminating the constant component from the input digital flows of the parametric voltage and current signals, the basic filters of the main frequency (FF) and low-pass filters (LPF), which provide finding the values of the period of the moment of crossing through zero, phase frequency characteristics, values of active and reactive powers, as well as selective filters ha harmonic components (HF), where the values of the harmonic components of the active and reactive powers are found.

The filtered data of the output digital streams of the parametric voltage and current signals are fed to the inputs of the digital signals automatic calibration modules 39, 40, 41 and 42, which, by a set of operations, evaluate the measurement errors and establish metrological characteristics as the ratio between the values of the measured values and the corresponding values of the reference values, as amended for measured values.

The calibrated data is supplied to the first, third, fifth and seventh inputs of the digital signal microprocessor 43 with address, data, and control buses, where the final digital processing of the flows of parametric voltage and current signals takes place and, in accordance with a given program, algebraic calculation, including methods of digital signal processing and vector methods for calculating integral and (or) interval parametric indicators of an alternating current electric circuit, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of electric consumption, including but not limited to:

a) voltage parameters (U) - instantaneous and rms (effective) values of frequency, phase (linear) voltage, symmetrical voltage components, distortion coefficients of the sinusoidal voltage and the nth harmonic component of the voltage;

b) current parameters (I) - instantaneous and root mean square (effective) values of current strength, symmetrical components of current strength, distortion coefficients of the sinusoidality of current strength and nth harmonic component of current strength;

c) the parameters of the phase shift angles (ϕ) are the angles of the phase shift between the voltage and current of the fundamental frequency, between the symmetrical components of the voltages and currents, as well as between the n-th harmonic components of the voltage and current;

d) parameters of electric energy - instantaneous and rms (effective) vector values of active, reactive and total energy in two directions (reception and return), as well as energy losses;

e) electric power parameters - instantaneous and rms (effective) vector values of active, reactive and apparent power in two directions (receiving and returning) active power in reverse and zero sequences, active and reactive power of n-th harmonic components;

f) electric energy quality parameters - instantaneous and mean square (effective) values of frequency deviation (Δf), negative and positive voltage deviation (δU (-), δU (+)) and current (δI (-), δI (+)), short-term and long-term doses of flicker (Pst, PIt), harmonic voltage component coefficients up to 50th order (KU (n)) and current (KI (n)), total harmonic voltage component coefficient (KU) and current (KI), coefficients asymmetries of voltages (K2U, K0U) and current (K2I, K0I) in the reverse and zero sequence, short-term and long GOVERNMENTAL voltage interruptions (ΔtPR), voltage dips and voltage dips duration (ΔtP), surge arresters and duration (ΔtPH);

g) auxiliary parameters - instantaneous and rms (effective) values of voltage and current, active power in the frequency range from 0 to 4 kHz and active power in the range of fundamental frequency from 45 to 65 Hz, frequency values and period of oscillation of the alternating current circuit, moment of intersection sinusoidal zero, phase delay, overvoltage (SWELL), voltage dips (SAG), current leakage, etc.

For the automatic correction of programmable metrological characteristics, minimizing errors and adapting to destabilizing factors, the second, fourth, sixth and eighth control inputs and outputs of the address buses, data and control of the digital signal microprocessor 43 receive control signals (commands) to the corresponding control inputs and outputs of the modules 11 , 12, 13 and 14 of analog processing of input differential voltage and current signals, modules 15, 16, 17 and 18 of operational amplifiers of analog current signals with program ble gains and feedback elements, modules 19, 20, 21 and 22, multichannel analog-to-digital converters, modules 35, 36, 37 and digital filters 38 and modules 39, 40, 41 and 42 automatic calibration of digital signals.

The reference clock clock module 44, using an external clock signal coming from the clock signal generation module 52 and the master frequency generator module 56 with a clock frequency of up to 25 MHz, performs the main functions of delaying the start of integrated circuits after resolving the power control microcontroller module 4 and initial reset for obtaining a smooth start and the formation of the necessary reference signals (1 kHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz and 25 MHz) of the analog and digital parts of integrated circuits.

Operational data and information on the results of vector measurements, analog and digital processing and calibration (calibration) of digital parametric signals, vector calculations of integral and (or) interval parametric indicators of an alternating current electric circuit, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of power consumption are stored in the internal memory of a digital signal microprocessor 43 with address, data and control buses. The accumulated and stored operational data and information from the internal memory of the digital signal processor 43 with address, data, and control buses is periodically rewritten to the metrological non-volatile memory module 49, intended for long-term storage of metrological operational data and information.

For the purposes of operational control, initial and periodic testing (verification) of the static static smart energy meter, the digital signal microprocessor 43 with the address, data and control buses through the digital signals galvanic isolation module 45 outputs to the peripheral interface module 46, the pulse telemetry signal output module 47 and module 48 of the output pulse test signal operational data and discrete pulse signals of the constant counter, expressed as imp liters per kilowatt-hour (imp / kW⋅h).

The module 46 of the output peripheral interfaces provides the organization of communication, reception and transmission of data and information, pairing the digital signal microprocessor 43 with the address, data and control buses with other external peripheral digital devices.

The module 47 of the output pulsed telemetric signal provides operational control and transmission of a constant counter to external peripheral digital devices. The number of discrete pulses is 3600 imp / kW⋅h and in normal operating mode is duplicated by a visually observable optical RGB LED indicator 86 of green color.

The module 48 of the output pulse test signal is used for initial and periodic tests (verification) and the transmission of a constant counter to the test (calibration) stand. The number of discrete pulses is 7200 imp / kW and in the test (verification) mode is duplicated on a visually observed optical RGB LED indicator 86 yellow.

All integral and (or) interval parametric parameters of the AC circuit, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of power consumption, as well as operational data and information stored in module 49 of the metrological non-volatile memory, through the module 50 of galvanic isolation of digital signals of peripheral interfaces and digital control signals of interprocess communication are received on the first input-output of the Central microprocessor (CPU) 51 control, applications and applied analytical programs.

In order to reduce intermodulation distortion of signals, ensure the coherence of vector measurements, set the operating frequency of internal clocks and the required discrete control signals to the specified circuit elements, the second and third inputs and outputs of the central control microprocessor (CPU) 51 are connected to the building module 52 a clock signal, by a module 53 of the primary clock of a single time and an autonomous source of 54 power supply of the primary clock of a single time, by a module 55 of synchronization with even logic and module 56 of the master frequency generator, which also serve as samples for all devices, means, processes, tasks and solutions of remote use.

Visualization of operational and archival metrological data and information in the accepted units of measurement, other alphanumeric and (or) graphic information stored in the storage device of the smart counter of static electric energy is provided by the electronic reading device interface module 57 and the information visualization and display module 58 (display).

The control interface module 59, the keyboard touch panel 60 and 61 user touch buttons allow the consumer (user) to enter (enter) and (or) output (retrieve) operational and archive data and information and (or) discrete control signals in normal operating mode.

All operative and archived data and information accumulated and stored in the internal memory of the central control microprocessor 51, applications and applied analytical programs and information via the non-volatile memory device interface module 62 with the possibility of expanding memory are periodically rewritten into the non-volatile memory module 63 of regular and urgent events, module 64 non-volatile memory automatic self-diagnosis of the technical condition of the circuit elements of the device and module 65 nergonezavisimoy memory communication connections with the random access, intended for long-term storage of operational data and information.

Operational comprehensive monitoring of regular and urgent events, automatic self-diagnosis of the technical condition of all device elements, control and regulation of complex vector measurements, automatic correction of programmable metrological characteristics to minimize errors and adapt to destabilizing factors provides the module 66 interface additional functions with the ability to expand functions including, but not limited to module 67 sensors of regular and urgent events, module 68 sensors of cars self-diagnostics of the technical condition of the device elements, module 69 of temperature, pressure, humidity sensors, module 70 of external impact sensors, module 71 of tamper and / or interference sensors, module 72 of sensors for technological consumption and (or) theft of electrical energy, as well as discrete signals ( commands) control and regulation generated by the Central microprocessor (CPU) 51 controls, applications and applied analytical programs.

The information exchange between the central control microprocessor (CPU) 51, applications and applied analytical programs and the modules 74, 78 and 82 of the digital communication interfaces of the lower and upper levels provides the module 73 gateway digital communication interfaces of the network and application levels.

The low-level digital communication interface module 74 provides operational communication with low-power, short-range digital wireless communication technology modules 75, 76, and 77 (WPAN, WLAN, LPWAN) including, but not limited to BluetoothLE, ANT, ZigBee, PassiveWi-Fi, and LoRa , and with a given typology of wireless typical networks, it organizes an internal (local) information system for managing and regulating, receiving and transmitting operational and archive data and information, which provides information filtering packages (entering the network and leaving the network), the rapid passage of information packets of certain formats between the smart electric energy meter static and various terminal devices, including meters, sensors, sensors and detectors according to the types of energy, movement, position and actions performed, as well as other technical means, including registration at the physical level of highly informative signs and signals of disaggregation (pattern recognition) of electrical appliances (devices, equipment ), included in the AC electric circuit and using bidirectional (synchronous) digital channels of wireless communication technologies and open standardized communication protocols.

Module 78 of the first top-level digital communication interface provides operational communication with modules 79, 80 and 81 of digital long-range wireless communication technologies (WMAN, WWAN, LPWAN) including, but not limited to, LoRa and GSM standards GPRS / EDGE / LTE / NB -IoT with an irreplaceable built-in e-SIM (embeddedSIM) in the form of a chip soldered to a circuit board during manufacture and with a given typology of wireless networks organizes an external (global) information system for controlling and regulating, receiving and transmitting operatively data and archival data and information that provides filtering of information packets (entering the network and leaving the network), the rapid passage of information packets of certain formats between the intelligent static electricity meter and related top-level information and computing systems for tools, processes, tasks and solutions automated information and measuring systems for monitoring and accounting of energy resources (AIIS KUE) using bidirectional (synchronous) digital channels b sprovodnoy communication technologies and open standardized protocols for information exchange.

The module 82 of the second top-level digital communication interface provides operational communication with the modules 83 of digital near proximity contact (NFC) and 84 radio frequency identification (RFID) which provide additional opportunities for the exchange of information packets between the smart electric energy meter static and digital mobile devices of consumers (users) . These technologies combine the interfaces of a contactless card and a reader standard ISO 14443, communicates with similar devices and is compatible with the existing infrastructure of payment systems, and also provides administration of personnel for electric power producers, grid companies, energy suppliers and utilities.

Reception and transmission of all information packets, discrete control and regulation signals (commands), operational and archive data and information stored in the corresponding non-volatile memory modules of the smart electric energy meter, using bi-directional (synchronous) digital channels of wireless communication technology and open standardized information exchange protocols in an external (global) information system is performed exclusively in encapsulated (securely m) a view of the adjacent information and computer complex of the highest level for means, processes, tasks and solutions of automated information and measuring systems for monitoring and accounting of energy resources (AIIS KUE).

In normal operating mode, through the module 85 of the operation indication interface, the programmed regular and urgent events, as well as the operating modes and functioning processes of the smart static electricity counter, are duplicated to visually observable optical RGB LEDs 86, 87, 88 and 89.

The software and hardware of the intelligent static electric energy meter are ready-made (updated) software products for tools, processes, tasks and solutions that support:

a) a wide range of digital interfaces of intelligent technical means, measuring instruments and terminal devices, including counters, sensors, sensors and detectors according to the types of energy resources, movement, position and actions performed, as well as other intelligent technical means;

b) remote (remote) mass collection of data and information from intelligent technical means, measuring instruments and terminal devices, including counters, sensors, sensors and detectors according to the types of energy resources, movement, position and actions performed;

c) reception and transmission of discrete control and regulation signals of intelligent technical means, measuring instruments and various local terminal devices, including counters, sensors, sensors and detectors according to the types of energy resources, movement, position and actions performed;

d) “online service” - a massive collection of data and information from intelligent hardware, measuring instruments and various local terminal devices, including meters, sensors, sensors and detectors by type of energy, movement, position and actions performed, in real time;

e) “cloud infrastructure” - to visualize the functioning of intelligent hardware, measuring instruments and various local terminal devices, including meters, sensors, sensors and detectors by type of energy, movement, position and actions, where a basic set of functions is provided to consumers (users) absolutely free, the service is available on the Internet at any time from anywhere in the world;

f) “mobile applications for iOS and Android” - provided to consumers (users) absolutely free of charge, the service is available on smartphones and tablets at any time from anywhere in the world;

g) open standardized data exchange protocols and updating of new protocol modifications;

h) statistics and analysis of the use of various types of energy resources, energy carriers and utilities in real time, the calculation of technological costs (losses), the formation of energy and resource balances, as well as forecasting planned consumption for the future;

i) operational and archival data and information on monitoring indicators of the quality of electric energy, other types of energy and utilities;

j) operational and archival data and information on regular and urgent events, protocols of technological regimes, notification of non-regulatory events, emergency or emergency situations;

k) turnkey integrated solutions - hardware, software and hardware from one manufacturer;

l) registration and certification of software and hardware of the IVK VU, registration and certification of type AIIS KUE;

m) the addition of new types, brands and models of intelligent hardware, measuring instruments, various local terminal devices, including meters, sensors, sensors and detectors according to the types of energy resources, movement, position and actions performed, digital means and channels of wireless communication technologies, technical support and software and hardware updates;

n) integration with related information systems of energy producers, grid companies, suppliers of energy resources and utilities, housing organizations, state regulatory and supervisory authorities, provision of authorized access, transmission of testimonies and specialized reports;

o) the distributed cluster architecture of the “cloud infrastructure” servers with data replication (reliability, redundancy), the absence of consumer (user) expenses for installation, server maintenance and license fees for using the database management system;

p) unlimited potential for expanding at the software level the functionality for the unique specialized requirements of consumers (users).

To work with an external (global) information system in intelligent static electric energy meters, the simplified network protocol MQTT (MessageQueueTelemetryTransport) is used including, but not limited to, the standardized OASIS. The protocol runs on top of TCP / IP and is used for exchanging messages between devices using the publisher-subscriber principle, in which message senders - publishers are not directly bound by the program code to send messages to subscribers.

All messages are divided into one or more message classes that are abstracted from specific publishers and do not contain information about their subscribers. The “publisher-subscriber” model, as an extended “observer” template, additionally contains an event channel (eventchannel), specially designed to notify regular and urgent events. It is contained in an event-oriented layer of software tools of large information systems that support the publisher-subscriber model and the concept of message queue, which is close to it, which provides greater scalability and a more dynamic network topology. Unlike the Modbus network protocol, which today provides communication between devices located nearby from each other, MQTT has much greater capabilities and supports work not only on local networks, but also on the Internet. Using MQTT, you can organize messaging between “things” on a global scale.

Advantages of the MQTT Network Protocol:

a) simple to use and is a software unit without unnecessary functionality, which can be easily integrated into any complex intelligent system;

b) the publisher-subscriber template is suitable for most solutions of intelligent technical means, measuring instruments, various local terminal devices, including counters, sensors, sensors and detectors according to the types of energy resources, movement, position and actions performed, and allows devices to communicate independently and publish messages that were not previously known or predetermined;

c) easy to administer;

d) reduced load on the communication channel;

e) functioning in conditions of unstable communication channels and other problems on the line;

e) no restrictions on the formats of the transmitted data.

In addition, the claimed invention implements a programmable function for the operational control of the level of power consumption with the ability to manually, at the request of the consumer (user), or automatically (by air) remotely limit (turn off) the power supply process, including using predetermined limits of the regulating power levels, for example , 500 watts; 1500 watts 3000 W; 5000 watts 10,000 watts; 15,000 watts in residential and non-residential premises of the housing sector and 1,500 watts; 3000 W; 5000 watts 10,000 watts; 20,000 W; 30000 W; 40,000 W and 50,000 W in residential, non-residential and residential premises of public and administrative buildings, industrial enterprises, medium and small enterprises.

Thanks to a number of innovations and improvements, the proposed intelligent static electric energy meter surpasses existing analogues in a number of indicators:

a) high measurement accuracy of 0.1% with a dynamic range of 1: 5000;

b) a wide passband with a sampling frequency of up to 4 MHz;

c) the number of measuring channels reaches eight, four channels each for voltage and current;

d) support for various current measuring elements (current transformers, resistive dividers (shunts), Rogowski coils);

e) measurement of instantaneous and mean square (effective) values of frequency, voltages and currents, active and reactive energy, active, reactive and apparent power;

f) the establishment of indicators of the quality of electric energy, including overvoltages, voltage dips, current overloads and current leaks;

g) the presence of the SPI interface, which provides bi-directional data transmission synchronized with the clock (reference) signal;

h) the presence of a UART interface that provides bidirectional data reception-transmission using the universal asynchronous reception-transmitter conversion method;

i) the presence of the USB interface "UniversalSerialBus", which provides bidirectional data exchange and power supply to peripheral digital devices, the network architecture of which allows connecting a large number of peripheral digital devices to one connector;

j) one of the SPI / UART / USB interfaces provides the organization of communication, reception and transmission of data and information, an external connection, simple, reliable and high-speed pairing of a digital signal microprocessor (DSP) with address, data and control buses 43, and a central microprocessor (CPU) ) control, applications and applied analytical programs 51 with other external peripheral digital devices.

The applicant has made and successfully tested prototypes of the proposed intelligent static electricity meter.

The specific example disclosed above is provided for purposes of illustration and description. It should not be construed as an exhaustive or limiting technical solution. Various modifications and changes are possible, resulting from the idea of a technical solution disclosed in the present description. The scope of protection is defined by the attached claims.

Claims (1)

Static intelligent electric energy meter, comprising a housing, a terminal board for connecting the power supply circuit and the load circuit, voltage and current measuring elements, a digital signal microprocessor, a reference clock clock module, a non-volatile memory metrological module, a clock signal generation module, a single time primary clock module , autonomous power supply, differential transformer, module for monitoring the status of the AC circuit, module sensitive elements, a power switch module of differential protection with pole contacts by the number of phases and neutral, characterized in that a network rectifier is inserted into it, the inputs of which are connected by the number of phases and neutrals to the network circuit of the power supply, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of the stabilizer module of the reference values power supply voltages, the first, second, third, fourth and fifth outputs of which are connected to the respective buses by the levels of the reference voltage of the power supply of the elements of the device circuit, input-output d stabilizer module values of the reference voltage of the power supply connected to the first input-output module of the microcontroller power management and initial reset, the second input-output of which is connected to the input-output of the backup power supply module, the outputs of the voltage and current measuring elements by the number of phases and neutral are connected respectively with the signal inputs of the analog processing modules of the input differential voltage and current signals, the first outputs of which are connected respectively to the first channel inputs of the modules of multichannel analog-to-digital converters, and the second outputs are connected to the first signal inputs of the modules of operational amplifiers of analog current signals with programmable gains and feedback elements, the second outputs of which are connected to the second signal inputs of the modules of multichannel analog-to-digital converters, the outputs of which are connected with the signal inputs of the digital processing modules of the input digital streams, the outputs of which are connected to the signal inputs m digital signal decimation modules, the outputs of which are connected to the signal inputs of the phase compensation modules, the outputs of which are connected to the signal inputs of the digital filter modules, the outputs of which are connected to the signal inputs of the digital signal automatic calibration modules, the outputs of which are connected to the first, third, fifth and seventh signal respectively the inputs of the digital signal microprocessor, the second, fourth, sixth and eighth control inputs and outputs of the address buses, the data and control of which are connected to corresponding control inputs and outputs of modules for analog processing of input differential voltage and current signals, modules of operational amplifiers of analog current signals with programmable gain and feedback elements, modules of multi-channel analog-to-digital converters, modules of digital filters and modules for automatic calibration of digital signals, the ninth input the output of the digital signal microprocessor is connected to the inputs and outputs of the reference clock clock module, the tenth input - the output of the digital signal microprocessor is connected to the first input-output module for the galvanic isolation of digital signals, the second, third and fourth inputs and outputs of which are connected respectively with the inputs and outputs of the module output peripheral interfaces, the module output pulse telemetry signals and the module output pulse test signals, the eleventh the input-output of a digital signal microprocessor is connected to the input-output of a peripheral module of a metrological non-volatile memory, twelfth the input-output of the digital signal microprocessor is connected to the first input-output of the clock construction module, the second input-output of which is connected to the first input-output of the primary time clock module, the second input-output of which is connected to the input-output of an autonomous power supply, the thirteenth input - the output of the digital signal microprocessor is connected to the first input-output of the peripheral module for galvanic isolation of digital signals of peripheral interfaces and digital control signals interfering interaction, the second input-output of which is connected to the first input-output of the central microprocessor of control, applications and applied analytical programs, the second input-output of which is connected to the third input-output of the module for constructing the clock signal, the third input-output of the central microprocessor of control, applications and applied analytical programs are connected to the first input-output of the counting logic synchronization module, the second input-output of which is connected to the first input-output of the master frequency module generator, the second input-output of which is connected to the third input-output of the primary clock at a single time, the fourth output of the central microprocessor of control, applications and applied analytical programs is connected to the input of the interface module of the electronic reading device, the output of which is connected to the input of the visualization and information display module, fifth the input of the central control microprocessor, applications and applied analytical programs is connected to the output of the control interface module, the inputs of which are connected with the outputs of the touch panel of the keyboard and the touch button of the user, the sixth input-output of the central microprocessor of control, applications and applied analytical programs is connected to the first input-output of the non-volatile memory interface module, the second, third and fourth inputs and outputs of which are connected respectively to the non-volatile memory module regular and urgent events, a non-volatile memory module for automatic self-diagnosis of the technical condition of the device circuit elements and a module non-volatile memory of communication connections, the seventh control input-output of the central control microprocessor, applications and applied analytical programs is connected to the control input-output of the power protection module of the differential protection with pole contacts by the number of phases and neutral, the actuating elements of which switch the load circuit, the input of the differential transformer by the number of phases and neutral is connected respectively to the output from the side of the circuit of the mains power supply and the output from the side of pi load, the output of the differential transformer is connected to the signal input of the module for operational monitoring of the state of the AC circuit, the output of which is connected to the signal input of the module of sensitive elements, the output of which is connected to the signal input of the power switch module of differential protection with pole contacts by the number of phases and neutral, the eighth input - the output of the central control microprocessor, applications and applied analytical programs is connected to the first input-output of the additional interface module functions, the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh inputs and outputs of which are connected respectively to the sensor module for regular and urgent events, the sensor module for automatic self-diagnosis of the technical state of the device elements, the sensor module for temperature, pressure, humidity, the sensor module for external influences, the module tamper / interference sensors, a sensor module for technological flow / theft of electrical energy, the ninth input-output of a central control microprocessor, applications and applied of analytical programs is connected to the first input-output of the peripheral module of the gateway of digital communication interfaces of the network and application levels, the second input-output of which is connected to the first input-output of the module of the digital communication interface of the lower level, the second, third and fourth inputs and outputs of which are connected respectively to the modules low-power digital wireless near-field communication technology, third input / output of the peripheral module of the gateway digital communication interface The network and application layers are connected to the first input-output of the first top-level digital communication interface module, the second, third and fourth inputs and outputs of which are connected respectively to the long-range digital wireless communication technology modules, the fourth input-output of the peripheral module of the digital communication interface gateway network and application layers connected to the first input-output of the second module of the digital communication interface of the upper level, the second and third input-you od which are respectively connected to the digital modules proximal non-contact communication and RFID, tenth output central control microprocessor, application and applied analytical software module connected to the input interface display operation, the outputs of which are connected respectively with optical RGB-LED display.

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