RU2691485C1 - Folding trestle for loading and unloading cars and vans - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.SUBSTANCE: folding trestle for loading and unloading cars and vans, comprising several sections, means of moving folded and retracted sections into working position for movement of cargo therein, which is part of vehicle wall in folded position, characterized in that trestle sections are two, three or more, they have casters and corresponding chutes with possibility of above-lying sections to roll along underlying sections, sections have lateral ribs, by which overlying sections cover underlying sections from sides and from below, sections have protrusions preventing them from sliding off from each other in longitudinal direction and having cutouts for casters passage, lower loop section is connected to a sling located on the vehicle carrying trestle floor, all sections, except for the upper one, are made lattice with size of empty cells much less than human foot, upper section is equipped with two loops for tying two cables stretched from two winches, on shafts of which are fixed second ends of cables and which are attached to ceiling of carrying trestle of vehicle, through two loops attached to ceiling of vehicle, carrying trestle, middle and lower sections are provided with supports with adjustable length, upper section has no supports. Trestle can be in first position in vehicle wall, in second unloading position level with vehicle floor and in third unloading position at level below vehicle floor.EFFECT: proposed folding trestle for loading and unloading cars and vans.1 cl, 28 dwg

Description

The invention relates to vehicles with devices for facilitating loading and unloading and stowage of goods using an inclined loading platform installed on a vehicle B 60 P 1/43.

(1) A loading and unloading device according to the patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2500553 is known on application 2010119774/11 of September 30, 2008, which is part of a vehicle for storing and transporting cargo, which contains a movable cargo platform, which is at the top of the position with part of the floor of the body. A vertical drive raises and lowers the load platform between the top position and the bottom position, which is at ground level or at the level of the supporting surface of another vehicle, in which the load can be moved between the cargo platform and the ground or between the cargo platform and any other surface. The cargo platform during lifting and lowering is located essentially inside the perimeter of the horizontal projection of the floor of the loading and unloading device. The cargo handling device contains a cargo module containing a cargo platform, which is part of the floor of this module. The upper surface of said loading platform is substantially flush and continuous with the module floor when in the folded position. The upper surface of said floor is substantially uniform and continuous with the floor of the body when in the top position. The load can be moved between the body floor and the load platform. The compact loading and unloading device improves reliability and provides ease of loading and unloading.

The disadvantages of the described handling device are:

1) It is not always possible with his help to load animals without cages, for example, cows, deer, horses, buffaloes, since some animals may be afraid of lifting and lead wildly,

2) The raised platform is too small to lift some loads, for example, cars, the vertical drive is too low to lift such heavy loads,

3) If the load is heavy, then lifting it requires a large consumption of fuel or electric power of the vehicle into which the load is loaded.

(2) A mobile loading and unloading ramp for the utility model patent of the Russian Federation No. 168046 according to the application 2016113860 of 04/11/2016, characterized in that it consists of a two-axle semi-trailer automobile trailer equipped with four supporting lifting devices, two of which are mounted on the rails, and the other two, through the base plates, onto the ground, with a coupling device of a trailer with automatic coupling of a railway platform, with two articulated end folding entrance ramps for cars to ride on the railway line On one side, with one hinged end flip ramp for cars on the other side of the trailer, safety barriers (side boards) hinged at the sides of the trailer for cleaning in the transport position. In accordance with the technical calculations of the load, loading of wheeled vehicles (for example, GAZ, URAL, ZIL, KAMAZ) with a mass of individual units up to 25 tons and axle loads up to 12.5 tons is allowed through a mobile unloading and loading ramp. With the help of any truck, PRPD is transported, like an ordinary medium-sized trailer, to the loading point to a universal railway platform. Then, the vehicle is maneuvered and driven into the PRPE in reverse under the railway platform. After docking PRPD with the railway platform, it is fastened using the device coupler with a trailer. In the working inclined position of the PRTE from a horizontal position is transferred using lifts (support-lifting devices).

The disadvantages of the described overpass are:

1) Folding exit ladders for cars on the railway platform are not attached to the last platform, which will lead to wear of their upper edges,

2) Loading is done from the end of the railway platform, so you have to uncouple the platform from the train to load it, which will slow down the loading and unloading time.

3) Separate overpass from the submerged vehicle, in order to unload at any place, you will have to carry along an overpass on a separate vehicle.

(3) A loading and unloading platform is known for the utility model patent of the Russian Federation No. 148489 on application No. 2014123593/11 of 06/11/2014, containing two ramps each of which consists of hingedly interconnected movable and fixed parts; lowering the ramps and means of fixing the ramps in the inoperative position, characterized in that between the movable parts of the ramp there is a pivotally attached lever, the free end of which is connected to the drive by means of cables for raising and lowering the ramps and free ends of the ramp GOVERNMENTAL parts ramps. In addition, the drive for raising and lowering the ramps can be made in the form of a winch. In addition, the lever can be made in the form of a rectangular frame. In addition, the fixed part of the ramp can be equipped with fastening elements, providing the possibility of their fixation on the dead-end rail track. In addition, the loading and unloading platform can be equipped with an additional support installed behind the dead-end support, the height of which is less than the height of the specified stop.

The disadvantage of the described loading and unloading trestle is the use of two narrow ramps for the arrival of the submersible. If a loader with a load drives over them, the load will block the driver’s place of entry, as a result the wheel of the loader may not fall on the ramp and the loader will overturn.

(4) A transitional bridge for loading and unloading railway cars by a forklift truck from the trestle of the RF utility patent No. 14731 as per application No. 2000102527/20 of 1.02.2000 is known, including a bearing floor with front peaks and a stop element and a device installed on it for lifting and transferring the bridge, made in the form of lugs in the holes of the flooring and the chain loop, characterized in that the thrust element is made in the form of a box mounted under the supporting deck with a hole span, and the width of the box is close to the size of the veto between rail wagon and the trestle, and the device for lifting and carrying bridge is provided with an additional chain loop chain loop thus formed endless and places for the fastening lugs to the lugs on the carrier deck.

The disadvantage of the bridge is that it is adapted to unload the car from a platform approximately at the same level. When unloading the car from the ground, a large length of the bridge is required so that its angle of inclination is small, increasing the length requires the installation of supports to prevent the bridge from bending , there are no supports at the bridge, the upper end is not fixed when unloading from the ground, therefore the lower end will rise when the loader runs into the upper edge of the bridge when unloaded from the ground.

(5) Two-story passenger cars are known (Double-deck passenger cars. M .: Scientific Research Institute of Information on Heavy and Transport Engineering, 1978), including 4 entrances to 2 vestibules, a passage from each vestibule on the first and second floors, benches for passengers on the first and second floors.

The disadvantage of such cars is the impossibility of movement of passengers with their large cargo, large cargo will have to be transported by a separate freight train.

(6) Standard passenger cars are known (I. Skiba, All-Metal Passenger Cars. M .: Transzheldorizdat, 1957), including two vestibules with four entrances, 2 toilets, 8 compartments and a service room, two short and one long corridor.

The disadvantage of such cars is the impossibility of movement of passengers with their large cargo, large cargo will have to be transported by a separate freight train.

(7) It is known and proposed as a prototype vehicle primarily for the transport of self-propelled vehicles according to USSR author's certificate No. 1708672 as per application No. 4670507/11 of April 3, 1989, containing a frame with wheels, a box body mounted on a frame in the rear the end of the roof of which is hinged on a horizontal transverse axis of the door, and on the frame can be rotated in the longitudinal vertical plane mounted folding ramp, balancing mechanism, which includes traction, one end of which is hinged to The arm is located on the upper inner part of the door, and the other is pivotally connected to a folding ladder, characterized in that in order to improve operating conditions and increase reliability, it is equipped with an additional chassis, and the ladder is two-tier with a tail link hinged to the front link of the ladder the possibility of rotation in the longitudinal vertical plane, while on the front end of the tail link on the inner side when the ladder is folded in position, a bracket with a finger is fixed, the latter is placed with the possibility Longitudinal movement in an inclined groove, which is made at the end of the additional thrust and in the zone of which the thrust is fixed to interact with the rear inside part of the forward link of the ramp, and the other end of the additional thrust is hinged to the frame.

The disadvantages of the described vehicle are:

1) The folding ladder lowers when the door of the rear wall of the van is raised upwards, which is inconvenient, since the upper edge of the open door is higher than a man’s height, the hand does not reach him, besides, the person opening the door for the first time, if he does not know where to stand, the ladder may fall

2) The van is adapted for highly specialized purposes - transporting self-propelled vehicles, animals are uncomfortable to climb on narrow ramps, the loader with the cargo too, because its driver does not see the ramps behind the cargo,

3) The tandem ladder is convenient when the earth’s surface is close to the van floor, when the earth’s surface is distant, the ramp angle will be large, which is inconvenient for entering it.

The aim of the invention is the creation of a universal folding trestle, moving together with the carrying vehicle with the possibility of loading and unloading in specially equipped places, and in poorly adapted places.

The technical result of the invention are

- placing the overpass in a raised and folded form in the wall of a vehicle having a car or van-type ceiling,

- placing the overpass in a partially open form when unloading the carrier carrying it to a platform or other vehicle whose surface is at the level of the floor of the vehicle carrying the overpass,

- placing the overpass in a fully open form when unloading the carrier carrying it to the ground or to another vehicle whose surface is below the floor of the vehicle carrying the overpass,

- moving the trestle from the raised and folded view to the partially or fully unfolded look and back, unfolding and folding the flyover is achieved by gravity and the tension of the winches,

- the smoothness of entrances and exits from the overpass is provided by folding plates, inclined plate, threshold with a ramp,

- reducing the weight of the overpass is achieved by making the first and second sections of the grating, and not from solid material, which allows you to not use the ramp, the displacement of the wheels of the loaded load relative to which can lead to failure of the loaded load,

- in order to avoid deflection of the overpass, when unfolded, props of adjustable length are installed, props are folded and attached to the sections manually,

- smooth movement of the sections of the platform when folding and unfolding is provided by the movement of the wheels on the grooves and the tension of the winches,

- the impossibility of displacement of the sections of the overpass in the transverse and upper-lower directions is provided by the side edges of the sections folded under each other and the grooves into which the section wheels are inserted, protrusions are provided from the sections sliding off each other in the longitudinal direction,

- it is possible to place one or several folding racks in a one-story or two-story freight-passenger cars, and the simultaneous movement of passengers along with their large-sized cargo,

- a passenger car, animals in cages and without them, containers on wheels or on a forklift, any large items without containers can act as cargo transported along a ramp;

- it is possible to place a folding trestle with a width smaller than the width of the rear wall of the van, for unloading and loading into the back of a car with a trestle width,

- lowering-raising of the overpass is carried out by a person from inside the car or van, installation or cleaning of the supports is carried out when a person leaves the car or van, respectively, after lowering the platform into the final state or before the start of its rise,

- consumption of fuel or electric power of a vehicle requires only raising an empty trestle without a load,

- an increase in the number of sections of the overpass leads to a decrease in the angle of inclination of the overpass to the ground for more convenient entry.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that a folding trestle for loading and unloading wagons and vans, including several sections, means for moving the folded and retracted sections to the working position for moving cargo along them, which is part of the vehicle wall in the collapsed position, differs in that The sections of the overpass are two, three or more, they have wheels and corresponding gutters with the possibility of overlying sections to roll along the underlying sections, sections have lateral edges with which the overlying sections reach the lower sections are lateral and lower, the lateral edges at the upper section reach a third or half the length of the lower sections, the sections have protrusions that prevent them from slipping from each other in the longitudinal direction and have cutouts for the wheels to pass, the lower section is connected to a door located in the lower section on the floor of the vehicle carrying the overpass, along the lower edge of the lumen, obstructed by the overpass in the folded and retracted state, the threshold has a cutout for setting the edges of the overhead sections in the folded and retracted standing, the upper edge of the sill and the side upper edges of the upper section of the overpass are equipped with folding plates on the loops, the middle or middle sections are provided with an inclined plate for moving the load wheels to the underlying section, all sections except the upper one are made of lattice ones with the size of empty cells much smaller than the human foot, the upper section equipped with two loops for tying two cables, stretched from two winches, on the shafts of which the second ends of the cables are fixed, and which are attached to the ceiling of the vehicle carrying the overpass, Through two loops attached to the ceiling of the vehicle carrying the overpass, the middle or middle and lower sections are provided with props with an adjustable length with the ability to remove the props and secure them with hooks in the space between the sections and under the lower section, the upper section has no props, the overpass made with the ability to be in three states: in the folded and retracted state, when it serves as a wall of the vehicle, in a partially open state for loading and unloading at the same level with the floor ansportnogo means carrying the rack, in a fully opened condition for loading and unloading from a level below the floor of the vehicle carrying the rack in a partially opened condition is mounted a T-shaped stopper.

 Description of figures.

The figures show the following images.

In Fig. 1, a fully unfolded folding trestle of a car without an apron on a side vertical section AA, in Fig. 2 a fully unfolded folding trestle of a car without an apron on a frontal section BB, in Fig. 3 a fully open folding trestle of a car without apron as viewed from below BB, figure 4 - the principle of the protrusions from sliding sections in the longitudinal direction, figure 5 is a partially opened folding trestle of a car with an apron on the lateral vertical section of GG, figure 6 is partially opened folding trestle of a car with a apron as seen from belowDD at the surface of the platform of the apron, in FIG. 7 - a folding trestle in the folded and retracted position as part of the car wall on a transverse vertical section of the EE car; in FIG. 8 - a collapsible trestle in the rolled and retracted position as part of the car wall as viewed from the side 9, the electric motor of the winch with a cable wound on its shaft on a vertical longitudinal section of the ЗЗ, figure 10 - a electric motor of a winch with a cable wound on its shaft on a vertical cross section of the AI, figure 11 - support in the working position on the pope 12 - enlarged and upturned image of the hook-lock support in the raised position, in Fig. 13 - the wheel for the smooth movement of the overpass sections relative to each other, in Fig. 14 - cutouts for the passage of the wheels in the ledge from sliding sections, in Fig.15 - single-deck freight wagon on a horizontal slice, in Fig.16 - two-deck freight wagon on a vertical longitudinal section KK, Fig.17 - two-deck passenger car on the upper horizontal section MM, on f d.18 is a two-storey freight wagon on the lower horizontal section of the LL; in Fig. 19 a fully opened folding trestle between the KamAZ wagon and a Gazelle body on a vertical longitudinal section of the NN; Fig. 20 - a fully opened folding trestle between the KamAZ wagon and the Gazelle body; view from the body of Gazelles OO, in Fig.21 - fixing the fixed loop for the cable to the upper third section of the overpass, in Fig.22 - the section of the design of lattice folding plates and their loops, in Fig.23 - cross section of the PP lattice folding plates and their loops , on Figure 24 shows a handrail for tying animals, Figure 25 shows a trough with a closed lid on a transverse vertical section of the PP, Figure 26 shows a trough with an open lid on the same section as in Figure 25, and in Figure 27 T -shaped close-up stop; in FIG. 28, a schematic diagram of switching on the winches engines, the loudspeaker and the latches to secure the trestle in the raised and collapsed position.

The numbers on the figures indicated.

In Figures 1-8 and below: 1 is a wagon, 2 is the floor of the car, 3 is the ceiling of the car, 4 is the front part of the side wall of the car, 5 is the wheel of the car, 6 is the rail, 7 is the electric motor of the winch, 8 is the shaft of the electric motor, 9 - cable, 10 - fixed loops for the cable, 11 - latch, 12 - threshold (disproportionately increased for clarity), 13 - lower first section of the overpass, 14 - middle second section of the overpass, 15 - upper third section of the overpass, 16 - support of the first sections, 17 - support of the second section, 18 - side edge of the first section, 19 - side edge of the second section, 20 - side edge rubs section, 21 - ground level, 22 - loop of the first section, 23 - projections from sliding sections, 24 - hook-latch, 25 - loops for turning the supports, 26 - shaft support 8, 27 - castors, 28 - inclined plate for exit section 14, 29 - retractable crutch supports 17, 30 - periodic openings in retractable crutch supports, 31 - rotatable support crutch 17, 32 - empty lattice cells are much smaller than the size of a human foot, 33 - lattice folding plates for side entry to the third section , 34 - hinges of folding plates 33, 35 - lattice hinges new plates for moving out of the car on the overpass, 36 - hinges of folding plates 35, 37 - cut-out in the threshold 12 for setting the edges of the sections of the overpass in the raised and retracted position, 38 - troughs for movement of the wheels 27, 39 - apron, 40 - windows of the car, 41 - the rear wall of the car.

In Fig.9-10: 42 - button to turn off the electric motor of the winch 7, 43 - gear wheel for gear transmission from the shaft.

11: 44 - cylinders of retractable crutch of support, 45 - upper bridge, 46 - lower bridge, 47 - axes for loops, 48 - stoppers, 49 - periodic holes for height adjustment in the supports of the rotary crutch of support, 50 - bolts for fixing heights, 51 - cylinders of a rotary crutch of a support.

12: 52 - movable hook, 53 - spring-clamp, pressing the lower jumper 46 to the hook 52, 54 - the base of the hook 52, screwed to the section of the rack below, to which the hook is attached with a bolt with a nut, 55 - eyelet at the end of the spring -fix, 56 - concave ring on the second end of the spring-latch, abutting the lower jumper lifted props.

On Fig: 57 - recess in the section of the trestle to accommodate the wheel, 58 - the axis of the wheel, 59 - angle-holder axis 58.

On Fig: 60 - cutouts for the passage of the wheels 27 in the ledge from sliding sections.

On Fig: 61 - vestibule, 62 - toilet, 63 - office, 64 - water boiler, 65 - boiler, 66 - passenger compartments, 67 - first corridor, 68 - second corridor, 69 - cargo department, 70 - handrails for tying animals, 71 - feeding, 72 - the first trestle in the raised position, 73 - the second trestle in the raised position, 74 - the third trestle in the raised position, 75 - holes in the floor for flushing when cleaning floors.

In Fig.16-18: 76 - ladders leading from the vestibule to the second floor, 77 - ladders leading from the vestibule to the first floor, 79 - benches for passengers on the second floor, 80 - sliding doors for passengers.

On Fig.19-20: 81 - the floor of the van KAMAZ, 82 - the ceiling of the van KAMAZ, 83 - short fixed rear wall of the van, 84 - the floor of the body of the Gazelle, 85 - side side of the body of the Gazelle, 86 - open rear side of the body of the Gazelle, 87 - car wheels.

On Fig: 88 - the hole in the upper third section of the overpass, 89 - plate at the base of the loop 10 for screwing to the section of the overpass, 90 - screws, 91 - node cable 9.

On Fig.22-23: 92 - cylindrical axial grooves, 93 - loop cylinders 36 with cylindrical axial projections 94, 95 - mounting plate connected to cylinder 93, 96 - cylinders loops 36 with cylindrical axial grooves 92, 97 - empty cells in lattice flap plate 35.

In Fig.24: 98 - the wall of the car, 99 - bends of the handrail 70 with holes for screwing to the wall.

On Fig.25-26: 100 - lid trough, 101 - half ring in the middle of the lid, 102 - door hinge lid.

On Fig: 103 - T-shaped stopper, 104 - holes in the sections of the overpass for the penetration of the stopper 103.

On Fig: 105 - inductors, 106 - cable from the fall of the latch, 107 - pressure spring, 108 - magnets at the ends of the latches 11, 109 - key to open and start lowering the rack, 110 - key to close and start raising the rack, 111 - power source, 112 - loudspeaker with voice recorder warning voice recordings.

Foldable overpass is designed to enter a car or van of a passenger car, enter animals, for example, cows, horses, deer, elephants, buffaloes, or import containers (for example, with furniture, appliances, food) or animal cages on the loader , or importing containers on wheels (for example, with furniture, household appliances, foodstuffs), or loading large items without containers, such as cabinets, sofas, bags with bulk cargo, roofing materials intake sections, etc ..

In Figures 1-3, a folding trestle is depicted in a fully opened state for loading and unloading a railway car 1 from the ground 21 without an apron.

Rolling on no less than 10 wheels 27 along grooves 38 relative to each other, sections of the overpass 13-15, under the action of gravity, moved relative to each other until they stop section 15 into the ground and occupy an energetically advantageous lowest position. For support on the ground installed support 16, 17 adjustable length. Hooks-clips 24 props hang down without load, because the props are removed from them. To prevent the sections from shifting relative to each other in the transverse and upper-lower directions, they have lateral edges 18-20, covering each other from the sides and bottom. The side edge 20 is not installed along the entire length of section 15, but up to one-third of its length or up to the middle of its length, so as not to interfere with the contact of the lower end of section 15 with the ground 21 and transport passing through it. The threshold 12 is fastened to the floor of the car 2, which has a notch 37, which is necessary to install the lower edges of sections 14, 15 of the ramp into a vertical folded and retracted state. Along the edge of the cutout 37 is located a loop 22 for a movable attachment of the lower first section of the rack 13 to the nut. The loop 22 lies on top of the cut-out of the nut 37, and not on the side of it, so that when unloading the loop does not become loose and rest on the nut. To cut the nut 37 does not serve as a border, preventing the movement of the wheels of the car, loader or container, on top of the nut placed another loop 36 for raising and lowering the lattice folding plates 35, on which the loader, car or container enters the threshold. Deep into the car the threshold ends with a smooth exit. To raise the trestle to the vertical folded and retracted state and lower it to the open position, a winch is used consisting of an electric motor 7 with a shaft 8 and a shaft support 26. A metal cable 9 is wound on the shaft, which is fixed to the shaft by the upper end and passed through two fixed loops 10 one of which is attached to the ceiling of the car 3, the second to the edge of the upper third section of the overpass 15. On the second loop 10, the lower end of the cable 9 is knotted and sealed to the overpass section 9. Reliance on the first loop 10 attached to the ceiling 3 creates a lever, briefly The cable 9's shoulder between this loop and the shaft 8 resists the long cable 9 between this loop and the edge of the upper third section 15, which saves efforts on the tension of the cable 9. Near the loop 10 attached to the ceiling of the car 3, there is a latch 11 for fixing the overpass in the folded and the retracted state parallel to the wall 4, which ends to the lumen, into which the ramp is inserted in the folded and retracted vertical position (Fig. 8). Figure 1 shows the wheel 5 and the supporting rail 6.

To reduce the weight, sections 13, 14 are made in the form of grids. The dimensions of the empty cells of the grids 32 are much smaller than the dimensions of the human foot, so that the wheels and legs of people and animals do not fall into them. Section 15 is made solid so that when the trestle is raised into the folded and retracted state it forms the wall of the car through which the wind does not blow. At the ends of the overpass sections, the protrusions 23 are made towards each other so that the sections do not slide off each other in the longitudinal direction during opening (Fig. 4). For the passage of the wheels 27 through the grooves 38 in the protrusions 23 are made notches 60 (Fig).

Section 15 on the sides has also lattice folding plate, pivoting on the hinges 34, located on top of section 15, so as not to get loose and lean on the section. Plates 33 in the position, as shown in figure 1, are not used, because the wheeled vehicle enters from the end of section 15, which has a bevel for a smooth entry.

Figure 5-6 shows a folding overpass in a partially open state for entry into the car from the apron 39.

The image in figure 5-6 is similar to the image in figure 1-3, but there are a number of differences. The sections of the overpass 13-15 are stacked one above the other, since a large length of the overpass between the floor 2 of the carriage 1 and the apron 39 is not required, and fixed in this state by the T-shaped stopper shown below. At the same time, there is no entry and exit from the end of the overpass, since section 15 is at a certain height above the apron. Entry and exit is carried out from the sides of section 15 on the lattice flap plates 33. So that the tensioned cable 9 does not prevent such entry it is weakened and lies on the platform under the plates 33. Props 16, 17 are not required, they are folded and put into the space between sections 13 and 14 and section 13 and apron 39 and secured in hooks-clamps 24.

From figure 5 it becomes clear why the bridge 12 is needed, and why section 13 is not attached by a loop 22 directly to the floor of the car 2. Section 13-15, their fins 18-20 have a certain thickness, due to which the upper plane of section 15 is raised above the level of the apron 39 and the floor of the car 2. The upper plane of the nut 12 is at a height equal to the upper plane of the section 15 when unloading onto the platform. To prevent the wheels of cars, loaders and containers from falling into the notch 37 in the sill, a lattice flap plate 35 is used. On the sill, a car, loader or container slides smoothly inside the car. In figures 1, 5 the threshold is depicted in conditionally enlarged view compared with the height of the car, so that the principle of its operation is clear. The exit from the gate into the car is smoother than in figures 1, 5, for lack of space, the slope of the nut is exaggerated.

Figures 7-8 show a folding trestle in the folded and retracted state as part of the wall of the carriage 4. The images in Figures 7-8 have the same parts as in Figures 1-3, 5-6, but there are a number of differences. The sections of the overpass 13-15 are also stacked, but the stack is rotated into a vertical position. The upper end of the section 15 is located behind the latch 11, which allows it not to fall out when the car shocks when moving. The folding plates 33 and 35 are inoperative, the plates 33 are pressed to section 15, the plates 35 to the nut 12. From the image in Fig. 7 it becomes clear why the nut 12 needs a notch 37. In this notch, when folding the overpass, the lower edges of the sections are installed 13, 14 in the retracted state. Props 16, 17 are removed and secured in hooks-locks 24. Props 16 are located outside the car at a height much higher than a man’s height outside the vandals' access zone. For the outer plane of the side wall 4 protrude section 13 and the side ribs 18-20. The cable 9 is maximally wound on the shaft 8 of the electric motor of the winch. The gap between the ribs 18-20 and the rear wall of the car 41 and on the other side of the overpass side wall 4 in the cold in the winter time can be plugged with foam rollers, if animals are transported in the cargo hold. Fig. 8 also shows a window 40 for viewing the landscape from the corridor opposite the compartment.

Figure 9-10 shows an enlarged view of a winch for winding the cable 9. The cable 9 is wound on the shaft 8, aligned with the rotor of the electric motor 7. The second end of the shaft 8 is inserted into the hole of the shaft support 26 so that the end does not dangle, and is aligned with a gear gear with a gear wheel 43, the axis of which is fixed on the shaft support 26. As already described above, the cable 9 through the hole in loop 10 on the ceiling of the car 3 is attached to the loop 10 fixed on the upper-far corner of the rack section 15. For lifting and the platform is lowered using two winches of the design described ktsii. The gear wheel 43 has a braking effect when unwinding the cable 9 when lowering the overpass so that the cable does not unwind too quickly.

Figure 10 also shows the latch 11 automatic opening-closing of the overpass. There are several such latches along the upper edge of section 13. Also shown is a button 42 for automatically turning off the electric motor 7 of the winch, which is pressed by section 13 and turns off the electric motor at the end of the elevation of the overpass.

To open the trestle, the railroad car conductor presses the key button to open and start the ramp lowering, located on the wall inside the carriage. This is done so that the conductor does not open the overpass, being outside the carriage so as not to fall under the descending overpass. The loudspeaker is activated by the same button and the recording of a polite voice warns passengers to move away from the car with the overpass. When the key button is turned on to open and start the ramp lowering, the latch 11 retracts into the hole in the ceiling, after which the conductor pushes section 13 with both hands outwards. When this turns on the electric winch, the cable 9 begins to unwind. Under the action of gravity, the overpass is lowered all the way to the ground. The speed of its lowering is regulated by the speed of unwinding the cable 9. After lowering the overpass, the conductor turns off the electric motor and the loudspeaker with the same button, sets the folding plate 35 to the working position, leaves the car, sets, if necessary, the folding plates 33 to the working position, crawls under the bridge and, adjusting the length of the supports 16, 17 removes them from the hooks-clamps 24 and sets all the way to the ground.

When raising the overpass, the conductor removes the supports 16, 17, retracts the folding plates 33 and 35 to the inoperative position, enters the car, presses the second key button to close and start raising the overpass, the loudspeaker is turned on to warn passengers about the overpass, the cable 9 is wound on shaft 8, under the action of gravity sections 14, 15 are aligned with section 13, at the end of the lift section 13 presses the button 42 and turns off the motor and loudspeaker, the latch 11 closes section 13 in a vertical position. The conductor presses the second key button to close and start lifting the ramp to complete the climb.

In the case of not a car, but a van, everything looks similar to a car, but the overpass is inserted as the back wall of a van. So that the driver did not open the overpass outside and did not fall under it, a door and a ladder to it were made on the right-hand side of the van (to enter from the sidewalk and not from the carriageway). Buttons for opening and closing the van and lowering and raising the trestle are located inside the van near the door.

Figure 11 shows in detail the backup 16 or 17. They are arranged in the same way, but the support 16 is longer than the support 17, since the first is located under section 13 of the overpass located at a greater height from ground level 21 (figure 1). The two upper cylinders 51 are connected by an upper bridge 45 to form a rotatable crutch of a support 31, the two lower cylinders 44 are connected by a lower bridge 46 to form a retractable crutch of a support 29. The cylinders 44 are inserted into cylinders 51. In cylinders 44 and 51, periodic holes 30 and 49 s are made respectively in the same step. The cylinders 44 extend to such a distance that their end plugs 48 touch the ground. To fix them in the extended position, two bolts are inserted into the holes 30 and 49 on both sides, left and right one by one. In order to remove the support, it rotates on the axes 47 in loops 25 and is installed parallel to the plane of the rack section 13 or 14. When removing the support, the cylinders 44 slide into the cylinders 51 until they stop and are fixed in this position with bolts 50.

How the support is fixed in a position parallel to the section of the pier 13 or 14 is shown in FIG. At one end, the retained strut hangs on the hinges 25, on the other hand it is supported by a hook-clamp 24. The hook 52 of the hook-clamp 24 rotates on the bolt relative to the base 54. When, after releasing the spring 53, the lower jumper 46 of the support is inserted into the hook 52, the spring 53 is released and presses the jumper 46 with a concave ring 56 at its end that covers the jumper 46. The ear 55 at the second end of the spring 53 is screwed to the overpass section 13 or 14. The spring 53 presses the jumper 46 to the hook 52 from the inside, not allowing it to swing relatively 54. To remove the jumper 46 from the hook-clamp, simply press the spring 53 with the jumper and turn the hook 52, removing it from the jumper.

On Fig depicts a large wheel 27, which is based on the section of the overpass for movement along the underlying section of the overpass. The wheel 27 moves along the chute 38 of the underlying overpass. It has axles 58 that rotate in holes in the holder corners of axles 59 on both sides of wheel 27. In the overpass section of the overpass, a rectangular recess 57 is made to accommodate the upper part of wheel 27. Wheels 27 attached to section 15 are smaller in diameter than wheels 27, attached to section 14, which is done to ensure that support 17 is removed between sections 14 and 13 in the folded state.

On Fig depicts a single-deck freight wagon on a horizontal cut. The front part of the car, including the vestibule 61, the first corridor 67, the hot water boiler 64, the boiler 65, the toilet 62, the office 63, two compartments 66 and the second corridor 68 shortened compared to the standard cars, completely coincides with the location in the standard compartment car. In the back of the car, there are no compartments and a corridor, a toilet and a vestibule compared to a standard car, and it consists of a single cargo compartment 69. The windows in this compartment are located only on the right side, on the left side there are three racks 72, 73 and 74 described designs. Since animals can also be transported in cargo compartment 69, it is equipped with handrails 70 for tying animals, a feeding trough 71, which is long, divided by transverse partitions into separate compartments of a trough with hinged lids, like in chests, and has openings in the floor 75 for cleaning the floor with a hose extended from a water source outside the car. In winter, during frost during animal transportation, openings 75 are closed with traffic jams, which are removed when bathing. Covers at the trough are needed so that the dirt from the wheels of cars and containers with cargo, which can also be transported in compartment 69, does not fall into the trough. When feeding animals, the trough covers are lifted to a vertical position and fastened to the car wall with hooks like the one shown in Fig. 12, only instead of the lower lintel 46 a half ring is attached to the lid in such a hook. In the car can also be not 2, but 4 compartments, and two racks of the described construction or 6 compartments and one ramp of the described construction. A short car with two compartments and one ramp can also be used, as shown in Fig. 8.

On Fig.16-18 depicts a two-storey freight wagon, in which passengers are located on the second floor, which is located above the platform, on the benches 78, and the first floor is adapted to transport cars, animals, containers and individual bulky cargo and is located below the platform. Passengers enter the vestibules 61 through the doors 80 and climb the ladders 76 to the second floor. If they need to check the status of their cargo, they descend from vestibule 61 along one of the ladders 77 to the first floor. The cargo ground floor 79 is arranged in the same way as the cargo compartment of 69 single-storey cars. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that the ground floor is below the platform, and it is impossible to unload from it on the platform, only next to it. Perhaps in this case, the reverse arrangement of benches for passengers on the first floor, and the cargo compartment on the second floor. To unload on the ground, the overpass of the construction described should then have four sections, since the floor level of the second floor of a double-decker car is higher than the floor level of a single-story car, and the entrance must be gentle. But on the platform at the location of the cargo compartment on the second floor it is convenient to unload in the position of full opening of the overpass.

It is also possible to install the described overpasses in electrified freight cars of a freight train.

Currently, passengers and cargo are transported separately, which creates inconvenience for passengers who want to transport large cargo. They will have to send it separately in a freight train, look for places of unloading of a freight train and worry about the condition of their cargo, since they will not see how the railway workers treat them on the road. Even for transporting a separate cargo such as a sofa or closet, they will have to rent a whole container. For such passengers it is more convenient to travel in a freight-passenger car with the cargo at the same time.

In what situations can a utility wagon be useful?

1, A resident of Siberia wants to rest in the Crimea and take a car with him. He cannot drive his own car because he is tired and goes on vacation, or because he is an elderly person, and because of illness he is hard to drive for a long time. A few days behind the wheel of a car, he will not stand it.

2. A migrant from the European part of Russia is going to develop the Far Eastern hectare he bought. Car carries and furniture to a new place of residence.

3. The Chukchi reindeer herder is going to the agricultural exhibition in Moscow, taking with him the best deer for the exhibition. Deer will be calmer if they know that the owner is nearby.

4. Peasant bought a breeding bull for his flock. It does not make sense to rent a car for cargo to transport one animal.

5. The family moves to a nearby town, takes with them several containers with furniture and belongings.

6. The courier of the online store carries Gazelle and several pieces of furniture and a refrigerator inside it to a provincial town or village to customers who bought furniture and a refrigerator over the Internet. An online store does not have the opportunity to maintain its representatives in all cities and villages where their goods can be bought.

It is possible to come up with other situations that demonstrate that the carriage in the freight and passenger cars will be in demand.

Not in all cases it is possible to unload cargo to the station apron because of the large number of passengers who are on the platform, or because of the narrowness of the passage on the platform. In such cases, it is possible to unload the goods from the freight-passenger car at the railway crossing closest to the station, where the highway crosses the railway tracks. To do this, the train will have to make an additional stop.

The construction of freight-passenger cars is relevant in connection with the introduction by Americans of high import duties on metal produced in Russia. Russian manufacturers may lose part of the market for their metal. The way out of this situation will be an increase in demand for metal within Russia and in the EurAsEC through the production of metal products, including freight-passenger cars. If you attach an additional freight-passenger car to each train, then, given that in Russia there are about 788 trains with high-speed trains, then the demand for freight-passenger cars is high.

In addition to the situations described in Figures 1-3 and 5-6, a situation may arise when it is necessary to overload the cargo, for example, containers on wheels, from one vehicle to another. On Fig-20 shows the transfer of cargo from the van of a higher vehicle, for example, KamAZ, GAZ truck, to the back of a lower vehicle, for example, Gazelles. Both exchanging the load of the car are put back to each other and on the handbrake. In General, the location of the trestle on Fig-20 similar to the location of the Trestle in figure 1-3, but there are a number of differences. Due to the peculiarities of the location of the overpass between cars, only one support 16 is installed in a vertical position, the second support 17 is removed between sections 13 and 14. Section 15 rests against the floor 84 of GAZels. The side walls of the Gazelle 85 are raised, the tailgate 86 is lowered, which is possible due to the fact that KamAZ has short fixed rear walls 83 that reduce the width of the overpass sections. If there were no walls 83, the side boards 85 would also have to be lowered, which is not always possible (if, for example, the Gazelle is also a van.

On Fig depicts a close-up view of the fixed, attached to the section of the rack 15 loop 10 for the cable 9, tied in knot 91. In the section of the rack 15 is made through hole 88, through which penetrates the loop 10, which is attached to the section with screws through the holes in the plate 89 at the base of the loop. If the loop was fastened on top of section 15, then the fastening screws would loose in time, and the loop would come off. When fastening the bottom of the section, the main load on keeping the weight of the section does not rest on the screws, but on the plate 89, which is stronger than the screws and is molded together with the loop during manufacture. The hinge 10 in the ceiling of the car is installed similarly and penetrates through the ceiling of the car 3, and the plate 89 rests on top of the car ceiling.

On Fig.22-23 close-up depicts the lattice flap plate 35 and its loop 36. Similarly, the trellis flap plate 33 and its loop 34 look like. To lighten the weight of the plate 35, it is made in the form of a grid with empty cells 97. The loop 36 consists of alternating cylinders 93 with cylindrical axial projections 94 and cylinders 96 with corresponding protrusions 94 with cylindrical axial recesses 92. Cylinders 96 are connected to plate 35, and cylinders 93 are connected to plate 95, which are screwed to screws 12. 90 in cross section This is a triangular view so that the wheel can smoothly enter the loop 36. The loop 36 lies on top of the nut so that it serves as its support when moving equipment or when people and animals attack.

On Fig depicts a handrail for tying animals 70. It consists of a half ring, having 99 bends at the ends with holes for screwing it to the wall of the car 98 under the windows and between the windows of the car. The handrails are installed side by side along the wall of the car, opposite the wall with ramps (Fig.15, 16, 17).

On Fig-26 depicts a trough on a transverse vertical section of the PP. The feeder is installed along the entire right wall of the cargo compartment of the car, opposite the wall with ramps (Fig.15-18). Since animals of different types that require different food can be transported at the same time, the feeder is divided by transverse partitions into compartments, each of which has its own lid 100 to prevent dirt from the wheels of equipment and containers from getting inside. The cover rotates on the hinges 102 and has, at the end of the ring far from the hinges, a half ring 101 for fixing the cover in the raised position. Half ring 101 looks like handrail 70, but more miniature. The cover is fixed in the raised position in the hook-lock, similar to that shown in FIG. 12, only instead of the lower web 46, the half ring 101 is clamped.

On Fig depicts a T-shaped stopper 103. It is required when the overpass is partially opened, as shown in figure 5-6. If the car gets on the overpass or a person or an animal enters it, they will create tremors that move the section of the overpass relative to each other, because of which the car can move and get into an accident, and the person or animal fall. Therefore, a stopper is installed. It is a T-shaped piece of metal of rectangular or circular cross section. It is installed in the folded and retracted state of the overpass in the matching holes 102 in the sections of the overpass. If unloading to the ground or the surface below the floor of the car is required, the stopper is removed before the ramp is lowered, the ground or other surface will keep the ramp in a fixed position due to friction of section 15 about it. But if unloading to the apron or to the surface at the level of the car floor is required, a stopper is installed.

On Fig depicts a schematic diagram of the operation of the latches 11 and the inclusion of the electric motor 7 of the winch and the loudspeaker 112. The latches 11, made of a diamagnetic material, and the inductance 105, in which they are inserted, are shown upside down. The latch 11 is provided with a cable 106 to prevent the coil 105 from falling out, a pressure spring 107 attached to the latch on the side with a second free end for better fixation of the latch in two predetermined positions and a magnet 108. The key 109 turns on and off the electric motors 7 for unwinding the cable 9 and opening overpass, and also turns on and off the loudspeaker 112 with a record warning about lowering the overpass, the key 109 turns on and off the electric motors 7 in the opposite direction for winding the cable 9 and closing the overpass, and also turns off and on T loudspeaker 112 with a warning record of raising the trestle. Button 42 interrupts closing the trestle, turns off the loudspeaker and stops winding the cable.

When turning on the key 109 and pushing the overpass with hands, the spring-loaded button 42, pressed by section 13, is released, it does not affect the activation, because it is located in the chain with the key 110, the chain of unwinding of the cable 9 begins to operate. At the moment the key 109 is turned on, the magnet 108 is drawn into the inductance 105 by increasing the current in it, the ramp falls out. The spring 107 is pulled into the coil together with the latch 11 and clamps the latch in the lower position. The loudspeaker 112 during the lift warns passengers to move away from the overpass. At the end of the lowering of the overpass, the key 109 is closed, the reduction of the current in the inductor 105 pushes the magnet 108, the latch 11 slides idle, the spring 107 presses it to the right edge of the inductor locking it in the raised position. The loudspeaker 112 is turned off.

When the button 110 is turned on, the electric motors 7 are turned on in the opposite direction, the cable 9 starts to wind up, the overpass rises. When the button 110 is turned on, the increasing current retracts the magnet 108 inside the coil 105, the spring 107 retracts with it and the latch and presses the latch to the right edge of the coil in the lower position, allowing section 13 to approach the final position as close as possible. The loudspeaker warns passengers not to step on a raised trestle. Section 13 at the end of winding the cable presses the button 42, the electric motor 7 and the loudspeaker 112 are turned off, the magnet 108 is pushed out of the inductor and pushes the latch 11, blocking the return path of the section 13. The spring 107 is on the same side as the overpass 13, pressing together with it, the latch 11 to the right edge of the inductor 105. Next, the button 110 must be turned off. This does not affect anything, but brings it back to its original position for the next climb.

Claims (1)

Folding trestle for loading and unloading wagons and vans, including several sections, means of moving the folded and retracted sections to the working position for moving cargo along them, which is part of the vehicle wall in the collapsed position, characterized in that the sections of the trestle are two, three or more they have wheels and corresponding gutters with the possibility of overlying sections to roll along the underlying sections, sections have lateral edges with which the overlying sections cover the underlying sections from the sides and bottom, at the vertex the lateral ribs of the section reach one third or one half of the length of the underlying sections, the sections have protrusions that prevent them from slipping from each other in the longitudinal direction and have cutouts for the passage of the castors, the lower section is connected to the sling located on the floor of the vehicle carrying the ramp along the the lower edge of the lumen, obstructed by the overpass in the folded and retracted state, the cap has a cutout to set the edges of the sections of the overpass in the folded and retracted state, the upper edge of the cap and the side upper The edges of the upper section of the overpass are equipped with folding plates on the loops, the middle or middle sections are equipped with an inclined plate for moving the load wheels to the lower section, all sections except the upper one are made of lattice with the size of empty cells much smaller than the man’s foot, the upper section is equipped with two loops for tying two cables stretched from two winches, on the shafts of which the second ends of the cables are fixed and which are attached to the ceiling of the vehicle carrying the overpass, through two loops attached to the ceiling of the transport orthopedic support means, the middle or middle and lower sections are provided with props with adjustable length with the ability to remove the props and secure them with hooks-locks in the space between the sections and under the lower section, the upper section has no props, the rack is made with the ability to be in three states : when folded and folded, when it serves as the vehicle wall, in a partially open state for loading and unloading flush with the floor of the vehicle carrying the overpass into the floor The openness for loading and unloading from the level below the floor of the vehicle carrying the overpass is set by a T-shaped stopper in a partially open state.

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