RU2688836C1 - Two-banding receiving and transmitting active phased antenna array - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radar ranging and radio navigation.SUBSTANCE: using: for use in deployed on the aircrafts radar ranging, communications and other systems. Summary of invention consists in the fact, that transceiver active phased antenna array contains the emitters rows, transceiving amplifying modules, test signal divider (TSD) and the diagram-forming adder. At that, the emitters two rows and the transceiving amplifying module form the sublattice with the receiving-transmitting channels autonomous control. Each transceiving amplifying module includes four transmitting/receiving channels (TRC), two dividers (D), the control and monitoring device (CMD), at that, the test signal divider (TSD) is made with the possibility of the SHF signal uniform distribution into each channel in the calibration mode, wherein the diagram forming adder includes directional coupler, control device (CD), phase shifters (PS) with the SHF signal phase setting discrete of 180°. At that, the emitters each row includes the F1 band two emitters, the F2 band two emitters, two frequency duplexers, two directional signal couplers and the signal divider. TAM CMD contains two memory modules for the F1 and F2 bands, as well as the computing device.EFFECT: expansion of the dual-band transceiver active phased antenna array operating frequencies range.1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of radio engineering, in particular to antenna technology, and can be used in radiolocation, communication and other systems deployed on aircraft.

The prior art known passive-active phased array antenna (patent RU №2299502, published 20.05.2007, IPC: H01Q21 / 00, H01Q3 / 26), consisting of n radiating elements, n transceiver modules (NIM) and distribution system. The composition of the MRP includes m active BAT, each of which contains a power amplifier of the transmitting channel, low-noise amplifiers of the receiving channel, phase shifters, a control and monitoring circuit, and (n-m) passive MRP, each of which contains a phase shifter and a phase shifter control circuit. For each of the m active BAT, the input in the transmission mode (output in the reception mode) is connected to the corresponding output (input) of the microwave power distribution system, and the output in the transmission mode (input in the reception mode) is connected to the common channel of the power divider (power adder) . To one output channel in the transmission mode (input channel in the reception mode) the power divider (power adder) is connected to the radiating element directly, and to the remaining channels the radiating elements are connected in series through passive BAT.

The disadvantages of this passive-active phased antenna array are: the inability to form differential patterns, the excessive complexity and complexity of the construction scheme, which is associated with the serial connection of active and passive transceiver modules, and the associated loss of energy for transmission and reception. In addition, the control of the passive-active phased-array antenna (PAR) channels is performed externally, which significantly complicates and increases the cost of building a control system.

Also known is the active phased antenna array (AFAR) (RU patent No. 2338307, published 10.11.2008, IPC: H01Q 21/00, H01Q 3/26, H01Q 25/02), consisting of w radiators connected to m transmit-receive modules (PPM), the device distribution and phasing (RBF) and the divider. The structure also includes a beamformer (FDN), which has two inputs and four outputs, three dividers (D), 2K-1 distribution and phasing devices, and 2K peripheral control devices (CU) that are capable of establishing the required values of phase relations in accordance with the control signals from the beam control unit (BUL). Moreover, each of the four high-frequency (HF) outputs FDN is connected to the HF input of the corresponding divider, having K / 2 HF outputs each, where K is an even number. The 2K HF outputs of the dividers are connected to the HF inputs of the corresponding PFR, each having m HF outputs, where m is any integer. Each of the 2Km RF outputs of the NRF is connected to the RF input of the corresponding 2Km MRP, the RF outputs of which are connected to the radiators. In addition, each distribution and phasing device connected to high-frequency inputs m of transceiver modules connected to m radiators, a peripheral control device m of low-frequency outputs of which are connected to low-frequency inputs m of transceiver modules and low frequency (m + 1) -th the output of the peripheral control device is connected to the low-frequency input of the distribution and phasing device; they form a sublattice, and the low-frequency inputs of all the peripheral control devices are connected to the output of the block Beam control, the input of the beam control unit is the control input of the active phased antenna array, the first and second inputs of the beamformer are the total and differential inputs of the active phased antenna array.

The disadvantages of this active phased antenna array are: excessive cumbersome and complexity of constructing the scheme, which is associated with the presence of a large number of functional units in the form of separate blocks. In addition, peripheral devices are controlled by a single device, which leads to complication of the cable network and a decrease in the reliability of the AFAR as a whole.

The closest to the technical essence is the transceiver active phased antenna array (patent RU №2583336, published 05.05.2016), which forms the total and differential radiation patterns (DN), which has autonomous control and calibration of receiving and transmitting channels, a simplified circuit design, reduced dimensions and having an increased reliability design. This transceiver AFAR contains N emitters combined in pairs in a line of emitters connected to the test signal divider, as well as N / 4 amplifying transceiver modules (MPS), containing two dividers (D) and four receiving and transmitting channels (PPC) for establish the required values of amplitude and phase relations in accordance with the control signals from the control and monitoring device (ACC) in accordance with the information received over the serial communication line. In addition, each MPU with a ruler emitters form a sublattice with independent control of the control panel. Each of the two high-frequency (RF) inputs of the control device is connected to the corresponding high-frequency output of the diagram-forming adder. The transceiver AFAR also contains N / 4 phasers with a discrete setting of the phase of the RF signal of 180 ° and a control device (UU) for converting information received via a parallel communication line to ensure the inversion of the generated DNs on the inputs of the adder, i.e. a differential input is formed at the total input (Σ), and a total radiation pattern is formed at the difference input (Δ).

The main disadvantage of this transceiver AFAR is the narrow range of operating frequencies, limited by the bandwidth of small-sized emitters, which significantly reduces the use of this antenna array on modern multifunctional aircraft.

The technical problem solved by the creation of the claimed invention is the impossibility of ensuring the operation of the transceiver active phased antenna array in a wide range of operating frequencies.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is the expansion of the operating frequency range of a dual-band transceiver active phased antenna array.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the receiving and transmitting active phased antenna array contains a line of emitters, modules receiving and transmitting amplifying, a divider of the test signal (DTS) and a beam forming adder. In this case, two lines of emitters and a receiver-transmitter amplifying module form a sublattice with autonomous control of receiving-transmitting channels. Each receiving / transmitting amplifier module includes four transmitting / receiving channels (AUC), two dividers (D), a control and monitoring device (TCS). The test signal divider (TDS) is configured to evenly distribute the microwave signal in each mode in the calibration mode. The chart-forming adder includes a directional coupler (BUT), a control device (CU), phase shifters (PV) with a discrete phase setting of the microwave signal 180 °. The input of each transmitting-receiving channel is connected to the corresponding output of the control and monitoring device, the input-output of each receiving-transmitting channel is connected to the input-output of the corresponding divider, the input of each phase shifter is connected to the output of the control device, and the outputs of all phase shifters are connected to the module inputs receiving and transmitting amplification (MIS). The high-frequency inputs-outputs of the emitter lines are connected to the high-frequency inputs-outputs of the transmit-receive amplifying modules, and the high-frequency inputs of the emitter lines are connected to the high-frequency outputs of the test signal divider. The high-frequency inputs of the transmit-receive amplifying modules are connected to the outputs of the directional coupler (NO) included in diagramming adder. The low frequency input of the control center is connected to the output of a radar station (radar) via a serial communication line. The low-frequency input of the control device, which is part of the beam-forming adder, is connected to the radar output via a parallel communication line. The total and differential outputs of the diagram-forming adder are the total and differential inputs of the transceiver active phased antenna array.

At the same time, the receiving and transmitting active phased antenna array differs from the prototype in that each line of emitters contains a signal divider, one output of which is connected to the input of a directional signal coupler, the output of a directional signal coupler is connected to the input of a frequency duplexer, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of two emitters of different frequency ranges: emitter F1 and emitter F2. The second output of the signal divider is connected to the input of another directional signal coupler, the output of the other directional signal coupler is connected to the input of another frequency duplexer, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of two other emitters of different frequency ranges: emitter F1 and emitter F2. At the same time, the MUPA includes two memory modules: a memory module with transmission coefficients of the transmit-receive channel for the F1 range and a memory module with transmission coefficients of the receive-transmit channel for the F2 range, whose input-outputs are connected to the input-outputs of the additionally inputted computing device, the input of which is connected with the output of the control device of the radar station (CU radar), and each of the four outputs of the computing device is connected to the corresponding transmitting and receiving channel.

The device and operation of the dual-band transceiver active phased antenna array are illustrated by the figures of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3

FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of a dual-band transceiver active phased antenna array, which includes:

1 - line emitters

2 - Receiver-Transceiver Amplifier Modules (MPS),

3 - divider test signal (DTS),

4 - adder,

5 - sublattice

6 - serial communication line

7 - parallel communication line,

8 is the total output of the beam forming adder,

9 is a differential output of the diagram-forming adder,

10 - transceiver channels (PPC),

11 - divider (D),

12 - control device and control (MCM),

13 - directional coupler (BUT)

14 - phase shifter (PV)

15 - control unit (CU).

FIG. 2 shows a functional diagram of a transmit-receive channel (PPC), which includes:

16 - circulator

17 - phase shifter

18 - protective device (memory)

19 - low noise amplifier (LNA),

20 - controlled attenuator (Att.),

21 - pre-power amplifier (Pr. MIND).

22 - controlled power amplifier (UUM).

FIG. 3 shows a functional diagram of a line of emitters, which includes:

23 - emitter range F1,

24 - emitter range F2,

25 - frequency duplexer (BH),

26 - directional signal coupler (NOS),

27 - signal divider (DS).

FIG. 4 shows a functional diagram of a control and monitoring device (CCS), which includes:

28 - memory module F1 range (MP F1),

29 - memory module range F2 (MP F2),

30 - computing device (B).

The dual-band transceiver active phased antenna array (Fig. 1) contains a ruler of emitters 1, a receiver-transceiver amplification module (MISP) 2, a test signal divider (DTT) 3, a beamforming adder 4. At the same time, two lines of emitters 1 and a transceiver module transmitting amplifier 2 form sublattice 5. The number of sublattices is determined by the type and dimensions of the aircraft.

High-frequency inputs of the emitters 1 lines are connected to high-frequency outputs of receiving-transmitting amplifying 2 modules and high-frequency outputs of test signal divider 3. High-frequency inputs of receiving and transmitting amplifying 2 modules are connected to outputs of a beamforming 4. Low-frequency input of the control device 2 is connected to the output of a radar station (radar) via a serial communication line 6. A low-frequency input of a diagram-forming adder 4 is connected to the output of the radar via a parallel communication line 7. Sums The artery output 8 and the differential output 9 of the chart-forming adder 4 are the sum and difference inputs of the dual-band receiving and transmitting active phased antenna array.

Each module receiving and transmitting amplifier 2 includes four receiving and transmitting channels (AUC) 10, two dividers (D) 11, a control and monitoring device (CCA) 12. In this case, the microwave signal coming to the input of divider 11 is evenly divided into two signals that arrive at the inputs of the transmitting-receiving channels 10, where their necessary phase shift, modulation and amplification is carried out in accordance with the control algorithm by commands from the control and monitoring device 12. At the same time, the CCM (Fig. 4) consists of 2 memory modules F1 (MT F1) 28, fashion I memory range F2 (F2 CHM) 29 and the calculation unit (VU) 30. The computing device 30 in accordance with commands radar control device calculates the required values of the amplitude and phase relationships in the transmitter-receiver channels 10 and generates signals to control the PTP. The required amplitude and phase relations for the control of the control panel in the computing device are calculated taking into account the control gear's transmission coefficients recorded in the memory modules F1 28, MP F2 29, measured during the calibration phase of the antenna system of the active phased antenna array (AC AFAR). Computing device 30 is implemented using a chip programmable logic integrated circuit (FPGA). As memory modules 28, 29 are used class of the class "Electrically Erasable Permanent Memory" (EEPROM).

Diagram-forming adder 4 includes a directional coupler 13, phase shifters (EF) 14, a control device (UU) 15. The microwave signal supplied to the total input 8 is evenly divided into several signals that are fed to the inputs of the transceiver amplification modules 2. Additionally, in the adder 4 in Phase shifters 14 are introduced to each channel, carrying out high-speed phase shift of microwave signals by 180 ° in accordance with the control algorithm for a command from a radar on a parallel communication line 7.

Each receiving and transmitting channel 10 (Fig. 2) includes receiving and transmitting channels, combined on both sides by circulators 16, as well as a phase shifter (PV) 17. The receiving channel includes a series-connected protective device (charger) 18, a low-noise amplifier (LNA) 19 and a controlled attenuator (Att.) 20, which controls the level of the microwave signal in receive mode. The input of the charger 18 is connected to the output of the first circulator 16, and the output of the ATT 20 is connected to the input of the second circulator 16. The transmitting channel includes a pre-power amplifier (Pr. UM) 21, performing the function of a modulator, and a multi-stage controlled power amplifier (UUM) 22. With this input Pr. The MIND 21 is connected to the output of the second circulator 16, and the output of Ex. UM 21 is connected to the input of UUM 22, the output of which is connected to the input of the first circulator 16.

Each line of emitters 1 (Fig. 3) includes two emitters 23 of the F1 range, two emitters 24 of the F2 range, two frequency duplexers (RRs) 25 designed to separate signals of different frequency ranges F1 and F2, two directional signal couplers (NOS) 26 and signal divider (DS) 27. Each pair of emitters 23, 24 is connected to a corresponding frequency duplexer 25, each of which is connected to a corresponding directional signal coupler 26, which, in turn, is connected to a signal divider 27. In contrast to the prototype ennaya emitters line construction provides alternate operation of the antenna system of the active phased array in two different frequency bands F1 and F2.

The dual-band transceiver active phased antenna array operates in the transmission mode, in the reception mode and in the calibration mode as follows.

In the transmission mode, the microwave signal from the transmitting device of the radar is fed to the total input of the chart-forming adder 4. In the adder 4, the signal is evenly distributed to all channels. The amplitude-generated signal from each output of the adder 4 is fed to the inputs of the corresponding sublattice 5 formed by the control unit 2 and two arrays of emitters 1. In the receiving and transmitting channels 10, the phase shifters 17, in accordance with the commands generated in the computing unit 30 of the CCT 12, the required phase distribution , modulation of the microwave signal in the pre-amplifier 21 and the final gain in the multi-stage controlled power amplifier 22. The microwave signals generated in this way arrive at the ruler 1. Received emitters to the input lines of the microwave signal emitters 1, depending on the range (F1 or F2), allocated frequency duplexers 25 and fed to the inputs of emitters corresponding band F1 F2 23 or 24, and further radiated into space, forming a total antenna pattern.

In the reception mode, the microwave signals received by the emitters 23, 24, through frequency duplexers 25 and directional signal couplers 26 arrive at the outputs of the emitters 1, and then to the inputs of the transceiver channels 10, through the protective device 18 are fed to the low-noise amplifier 19, amplified, adjusted by level controlled attenuator 20 and through the circulator 16 are fed to the phase shifter 17. Controlled attenuators 20 and the phase shifter 17 provide for setting the required amplitude and phase ratio values in accordance with the commands, sf organized in the computing device 30 of the MCA 12. The super-high-frequency signals from the inputs of the sublattices 5 are fed to the outputs of the adder 4, in which the simultaneous formation of the total and differential radiation patterns.

In the calibration mode, the microwave signal from the transmitting device of the radar is input to the divider of the test signal 3, where the signal is evenly distributed to all channels. The amplitude-generated signal from each output of the test signal divider 3 is fed to the corresponding inputs of the emitter lines 1, where it is divided into two using the signal divider 27, and through directional signal taps 26 goes to the outputs of the emitter 1 lines and further to the inputs of the receiving and transmitting channels 10. After passing through the entire high-frequency path of the dual-band transceiver active phased antenna array, the signal from the total output 8 of the beam-forming adder 4 enters the radar for processing. The result of processing is the generation of a control command received via serial communication line 6 at CCS 12, where control signals are generated in accordance with the radar control program and the coefficients recorded in the memory module F1 28 with the transmit-receive channel transmission coefficients for the range and the memory module MT F2 29 with transmission coefficients of the transmitting-receiving channel for the F2 range, ensuring the establishment of the required amplitude and phase ratio values in the receiving-transmitting channels 10 for the frequency ranges F1 and F2.

When a dual-band transceiver active phased antenna array operates, both in the receive and transmit modes and in the calibration mode, the elements of the transmit and receive channel 10 are controlled through the control and monitoring device 12, which ensures the exchange of information with the radar station via a serial link 6 Each sublattice 5 formed by a receiver / receiver amplifier 2 and two arrays of emitters 1 is a terminal device with independent control of the receiver / transmitter channel 10 connected through the control and monitoring device 12 to the trunk serial communication line 6. At the same time, the information to all sublattices 5 is transmitted the same, and the control and monitoring device 12, depending on the location address of the specific sublattice 5 in the dual-band transceiver active antenna array, generates the required control signals in all four receiving-transmitting channels 10 of the control device 2. Moreover, the location address of the sublattice 5 is automatically determined by the control device and trol 12 when power is applied to the dual-band transceiver peredayushuyu active phased array antenna.

In addition, when a control signal is sent from the radar via a parallel communication line 7, through the control device 15, the fast-acting phase shifters 14 provide an instant 180 ° change in the phase of the microwave signal on the respective radiators. When this occurs, the inversion of the generated radiation patterns on the inputs of the diagram-forming adder 4, that is, a differential radiation pattern (DN) is formed at the total input 8, and a total radiation pattern at the differential input 9.

The proposed dual-band active phased antenna array allows simultaneous formation of total and differential radiation patterns and autonomous calibration of receiving and transmitting channels in an extended frequency range, achieving complete control autonomy of receiving and transmitting channels due to the use of a serial control interface of receiving and transmitting channels, the ability to build AFAR with any the number of sublattices without adjusting the radar control algorithms.

Expansion of the frequency range is achieved by introducing a divider of the signal divider, two directional signal couplers, two frequency duplexers, two emitters of the F1 range and two emitters of the F2 range into the line of emitters. Also as part of the MISP control and monitoring device, two memory modules are used, with recorded different transmission coefficients of the transmitting and receiving channels for the frequency ranges F1 and F2.

Claims (1)

Transceiver active phased antenna array containing a line of emitters, modules receiving and transmitting amplification, a test signal divider (DTS) and a beam forming adder, while two lines of emitters and a module of receiving and transmitting amplifying form a sub-grid with independent control of receiving and transmitting channels, each The receiver-transmitter amplifying module includes four receiver-transmitter channels (AUC), two dividers (D), a control and monitoring device (CCS), and the test signal divider (DTS) is performed n with the possibility of uniform distribution on each channel of the microwave signal in the calibration mode, the beam-forming adder includes a directional coupler, control device (CU), phase shifters (PV) with discrete setting of the phase of the microwave signal 180 °, while the input of each receiving-transmitting channel is connected with the corresponding output of the control and monitoring device, the input-output of each receiving-transmitting channel is connected to the input-output of the corresponding divider, the input of each phase shifter is connected to the output of the control device , and the outputs of all phase shifters are connected to the inputs of the transmit-receive amplifying (MPS) modules, the high-frequency inputs-outputs of the emitter lines are connected to the high-frequency inputs-outputs of the receiving-transmitting amplifying modules, and the high-frequency inputs of the emitter lines are connected to the high-frequency outputs of the test signal divider, high-frequency the inputs of the modules of the receiving-transmitting amplifier are connected to the outputs of the directional coupler (BUT), which is part of the beamforming adder, the low-frequency input M PU is connected to the output of the radar station (radar) via a serial communication line, the low-frequency input of the control device included in the beamforming adder is connected via a parallel communication line to the output of the radar, the total and differential outputs of the beamforming adder are the total and differential inputs of the receiving and transmitting phased antenna array, characterized in that each line of emitters contains a signal divider, the first output of which is connected to the input directed signal coupler, the output of the directional signal coupler is connected to the input of the frequency duplexer, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of two emitters of different frequency ranges: the emitter of the F1 range and the emitter of the F2 range, the second output of the divider is connected to the input of the other directional coupler, the output of the other directional coupler is connected to the input another frequency duplexer, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of two other emitters of different frequency ranges: the emitter of the F1 range and the emitter of the range F2, while the CCSM CCD contains two memory modules: a memory module with transmitting-transmitting transmission coefficients for the F1 range and a transmitting-transmitting transmission memory module for the F2 operating range, the inputs-outputs of which are connected to the input-outputs of the additionally introduced computing device whose input is connected to the output of the radar control device (CU radar), and each of the four outputs of the computing device is connected to the corresponding transceiver channel.

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