RU2686844C1 - Autonomous power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to power engineering, namely to autonomous power supply systems of objects remote from central power supply. Autonomous power plant includes hardware and fuel compartment located inside the housing, primary energy source in form of renewable energy source, secondary energy source in the form of an air-cooled fuel generator, located on a heat-conducting substrate with a heating element in a heat-insulated fuel compartment of the fuel compartment, energy accumulators in the form of accumulator batteries and the unit of the installation control, located in the climatic cabinet of the hardware compartment. At that, fuel generator is equipped with steam discharge branch pipe to drain tank through thermally insulated channel and hot air discharge branch pipe, connected to distribution valve with two outlets, one outlet of which is connected to the fuel compartment air duct, and the second outlet is connected to the channel passing through the radiator, installed under the climatic cabinet and connected to the air outlet pipe of the hardware compartment.

EFFECT: higher reliability of power plant operation under conditions of extremely low temperatures.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a small power industry, in particular to the field of autonomous power supply systems intended for objects remote from the central power supply. The means of generating and storing energy in this installation are:

- Solar panels;

- Wind generator;

- Fuel generators;

- Rechargeable batteries;

- Fuel storage tanks for the fuel cell.

The level of technology

From the current level of technology is known hybrid autonomous container power plant (RF Patent No. 162099) which contains solar panels, wind generators, batteries, control system controller and switchboard control, the station is designed to provide mobility and is additionally equipped with a diesel generator set with a DGU control cabinet and fuel tank. The disadvantage of this model is the presence of a diesel generator, which significantly reduces the autonomy of the power plant, since the work of a diesel generator is associated with frequent maintenance.

The famous mobile generator of electricity (US Patent No. US8854794), containing a telescopic boom, retractable support leg and base. Telescopic boom contains two ends. The wind turbine is attached to the second end of the telescopic boom. The first end of the telescopic boom and the first retractable support column are attached to the base. The electric generator has a movable solar panel that can be stored at the base and placed in the workplace. Two doors, each of which is equipped with solar panels. The mobile electricity generator may further comprise a battery in electrical communication with solar panels for storing electricity. The disadvantage of this model is that when operating at extremely low temperatures, the temperature conditions required for battery operation will not be provided, as well as the lack of a backup energy source that would provide power supply in case of energy shortages coming from renewable sources.

Known autonomous power plant (RF patent No. 162244), containing the primary energy source in the form of solar batteries or a wind generator, a secondary source of energy in the form of a fuel cell-powered generator, which is placed on a heat-conducting substrate, in which a heating element, fuel cartridges, battery is built , the installation control unit, a thermal sensor placed in a thermally insulated casing, while the gas (steam) gas outlet pipe of the fuel generator is equipped with a heating element, near the outer edge of the nozzle. In this technical solution, the fuel generator is cooled by air by means of a fan, while the heat removed from the generator heat exchanger is discharged into the cavity of the thermally insulated housing.

The disadvantage of this system is that the heating of the outlet pipe of the condensate discharge pipe from the fuel cell is carried out at the expense of electrical energy using high power resistors. Failure of this device with possible short circuit in combination with deep discharge of batteries, as well as low ambient temperature can lead to failure of the power plant as a whole.

Also a disadvantage is that the fuel generator is in the same insulated cabinet with the equipment, which, due to the operation of the fuel generator, can lead to overheating and failure of the components of the equipment.

Also a disadvantage is that the container with methanol is in the same climatic cabinet with the equipment, which, due to the possible presence of methanol vapors in the cavities of the container, can be dangerous for technical personnel.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The technical problem, the solution of which the claimed invention is directed, is to increase the reliability of operation of a power plant with the possibility of the power plant functioning in conditions of extremely low temperatures.

The technical result of the claimed invention is that the condensate from the fuel generator is discharged into the drainage tank, the batteries are in a heated cabinet.

The technical result of the claimed invention is achieved by the proposed autonomous power plant, characterized in that it contains a hardware and fuel compartment located inside the housing, the primary energy source in the form of a source of renewable energy, the secondary energy source in the form of an air-cooled fuel generator located on the heat-conducting substrate with a heating element in a thermally insulated cabinet of the fuel compartment, energy storage in the form of batteries and a pack unit installation, located in the climatic cabinet of the hardware compartment, while the fuel generator is equipped with a steam exhaust pipe to the drainage tank through a thermally insulated channel and a hot air exhaust pipe connected to the two-outlet control valve, one outlet of which is connected to the air exhaust pipe of the fuel compartment, and the second output connected to a duct passing through a radiator installed under the climate cabinet and connected to the air discharge pipe of the hardware compartment. In the preferred embodiment:

- a temperature sensor is installed in the hardware compartment, connected to the unit control unit;

- hardware and fuel compartments are equipped with ventilation holes.

The combination of the above essential features leads to the fact that: the reliability and stability of the launch and operation of the installation is ensured even in low temperature conditions.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is illustrated by the figures.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an autonomous power installation - right side view, where the numbers denote:

1. Fuel cartridge;

3. Fuel channel;

4. Fuel compartment;

5. Pipe hot air;

6. Distribution valve;

7. Air discharge pipe;

8. Channel;

9. Climatic cabinet;

10. Radiator;

11. Hardware compartment;

12. Air discharge pipe;

13. Outlet air outlet;

14. Outlet air outlet;

15. Steam branch pipe;

16. Drainage tank;

17. Solar panels;

18. Wind generator;

19. Vent of the fuel compartment;

20. Air vent hardware compartment;

22. Container unit (housing);

23. Heat cabinet;

24. Heater.

FIG. 2 shows an autonomous power installation diagram - view from the hardware compartment, where the numbers denote:

9. Heat chamber with charge accumulator (rechargeable battery) and installation control and management bodies;

10. Radiator;

11. Hardware compartment;

12. Air discharge pipe;

14. Outlet air outlet;

17. Solar panels;

21. Thermal sensor;

22. Container unit.

FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a thermally insulated cabinet 23, where the numbers denote:

2. Fuel cell;

3. Fuel channel;

5. Pipe hot air;

15. Steam branch pipe;

23. Heat cabinet;

24. Heating element;

25. Temperature sensor.

Implementation and Implementation Examples

Below is an example of a specific implementation of the proposed solution, which does not limit the options for its implementation.

Autonomous power plant is represented by the following design.

Solar panels 17, as well as in similar technical solutions, are fixed on the roof of a block-container (case) 22 by means of metal structures (not shown in the drawings). The container block (case) 22 is divided into 2 compartments, hardware 11 and fuel 4. From the solar batteries 17 there is a conductor (not shown in the drawings), which through a special technological opening of the block container 22 enters the hardware compartment 11 of the block container 22, then in the climate cabinet 9, and connected to the solar energy controller of the control unit, which is mounted inside the climate cabinet 9, from the solar energy controller, the conductor passes through the current sensor and voltage sensor (not shown) and then is attached to the battery terminals batteries located in the climatic cabinet 9 The wind generator 18 is installed on a supporting base, at a distance of 5-10 meters from the module-container 22. From the wind generator 18 is a conductor, which through a special technological opening of the module-container 22 enters the hardware compartment 11 of the module-container 22 , then into the climate cabinet 9, and connected to the wind power controller of the control unit, which is fixed inside the climate cabinet 9, from the wind energy controller, the conductor passes through the current sensor and the voltage sensor, then fixes I'm on the battery terminals. The solar energy controller and the wind energy controller with a control unit are mounted inside the climate cabinet 9 of the hardware compartment 11. The fuel generator 2 is placed on a heat-conducting substrate, in which the heating element 24 is embedded, the entire structure is placed in the heating cabinet 23 in the fuel compartment 4, on the cover of the heating cabinet 23, inside there is a temperature sensor 25, which is connected with a control unit by a wire, which is placed in the climate cabinet 9 in the hardware compartment 11. The heating cabinet 23 has openings for a branch pipe to drain the hot its air 5, a pipe for vapor removal 15, the fuel channel 3 and the conductor 26. The electrical conductor 26 from the fuel generator 2 is connected to a battery located in the climate cabinet 9 in the hardware compartment 11. The fuel channel 3 connects the fuel generator 2 to the fuel cartridge 1 which is installed on the rack. The rack is mounted above the heating cabinet 23 in the fuel compartment 4. The lead wire 26, coming from the fuel generator 2 is connected to batteries in the heating cabinet 9. The steam outlet pipe 15 is connected to a thermal insulation channel that is connected to a drainage tank 16 or a hydro-filled tank with the ability pumping water out of it by means of a hydraulic pump, which is buried under the container block below the depth of soil freezing. As in the prototype, the fuel generator has an air cooling system using a fan that blows it, but hot air is not output to the body cavity, but to the hot air outlet 5 connected to the inlet to the distribution valve 6, which is located in the fuel compartment 4, the control valve is connected to the control unit and has one inlet and two inlets; an air-outlet pipe 7 is connected to one outlet, which is connected to the air outlet nozzle 13, which is led out through the technological opening e in the roof of the fuel compartment 4 beyond the limits of the block-container 22. To the second outlet of the distribution valve 6, a channel 8 is connected, which is connected to the hardware compartment 11, through a technological opening in the adjacent walls of the fuel compartment 4 and the hardware compartment 11. Channel 8 is connected to the entrance to the radiator 10 which may be a cavity into which hot air enters from the channel 8, or can be represented by a serpentine structure of the channel 8, the radiator 10 is placed in the hardware compartment 11, under the climate cabinet 9, to the exit the radiator 10 is connected to the air outlet pipe 12, which is connected to the air outlet pipe to the outside 14, which is brought out through the technological opening in the roof of the hardware compartment 11 beyond the limits of the block container 22. A temperature sensor 21 opposite to the climate cabinet 9 is installed connected via wires to the control unit. In the wall of the hardware compartment 22, a vent hole 20 is formed. A vent hole 19 is formed in the wall of the fuel compartment 4.

Possible variants of the device containing the primary sources of energy in the form of solar cells, wind generators, in the description describes the option of using both sources of alternative energy simultaneously.

The process of operating an autonomous power plant is as follows: the energy produced by using solar panels 17, which are mounted on the roof of the block-container 22, and (or) the wind generator 18, which is located in the immediate vicinity of the block-container 22, through charge monitoring and control units enters the batteries, located in the heating chamber 9, which is located in the hardware compartment 11. In the event of a shortage of energy produced by solar panels and a wind generator, to charge the batteries including Fuel generators 2 are placed, which are placed in a heating cabinet 23 placed in the fuel compartment 4. The electric efficiency of the fuel cell is at 30%, the rest, about 70% of thermal energy, to avoid overheating, must be output to the environment. It is proposed to use the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell for heating the hardware compartment during the cold season. To do this, the heated air output as a result of the operation of the fuel generator 2 through a pipe for exhausting hot air 5, which is fixed to the fuel generator, enters the distribution valve 6, which through channel 8 is sent to the radiator 10, through which the climate cabinet 9 is heated, then air is carried through the air outlet pipe 12 to the environment through the air outlet pipe to the outside 14. Information about temperature changes (night or seasonal drops) in the apparatus compartment is measured by means of yes The temperature sensor 21 or the operator is transmitted to the controls, from which, when the set temperature in the hardware compartment is reached, a signal is sent to the control valve 6, which transfers the hot air supply to the air exhaust pipe 7, where the air enters the environment through the outlet tube 13. Condensate, which appears as a result of the operation of the fuel cell, is discharged by means of a pipe for removing steam 15, which is placed in a thermally insulated casing and is directed to a special drainage tank 16, dug below the depth of soil freezing. In the case of, in a thermally insulated cabinet 23, the temperature drops below the storage temperature of the fuel generator 2, the temperature sensor 25 sends a signal to the control and management bodies, after which the heater 24 is turned on, after reaching the set temperature, the heater is turned off. The hardware compartment and the fuel compartment have special vents 19 and 20 that allow air exchange with the environment to neutralize harmful aerosols produced by the operation of batteries and fuel cells.

Due to the fact that:

- removal of condensate from the fuel generator through a thermally insulated channel, which falls into a place dug below the depth of frost penetration under the container block drainage tank.

- during the temperature drop in the hardware compartment below the predetermined values, the heat generated by the operation of the fuel generator heat enters the heating apparatus located in the hardware compartment. If the temperature in the hardware compartment is within the specified values, then the heat is discharged into the environment through an air-discharge pipe located in the fuel compartment;

- the fuel generator with the fuel necessary for its operation is placed in a separate fuel compartment isolated from the hardware compartment, which has a ventilation system.

The claimed technical solution solves the following main problems, namely:

- ensures the reliability of the launch and operation of the fuel generator;

- provides temperature conditions inside the hardware compartment, which is necessary for the operation of batteries;

- prevents technical personnel from poisoning with toxic methanol vapors.

Claims (3)

1. Autonomous power plant, characterized in that it contains a hardware and fuel compartment located inside the case, the primary source of energy as a source of renewable energy, the secondary source of energy in the form of an air-cooled fuel generator located on a heat-conducting substrate with a heating element in a thermally insulated cabinet fuel compartment, energy storage in the form of rechargeable batteries and an installation control unit, located in the climate cabinet of the equipment compartment, the fuel generator is provided with a steam exhaust pipe to the drainage tank through a thermally insulated channel and a hot air exhaust pipe connected to a two-outlet control valve, one outlet of which is connected to the air outlet pipe of the fuel compartment, and the second outlet is connected to a channel passing through a radiator installed under the climatic cabinet and connected to the air outlet tube of the hardware compartment. 2. Autonomous power plant under item 1, characterized in that a temperature sensor is installed in the hardware compartment, which is connected to the unit control unit. 3. Autonomous power plant under item 1, characterized in that the hardware and fuel compartments are provided with ventilation holes.

Images