RU2681000C1 - Device for protection of chimney against action of droplet moisture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of power engineering, mainly for heating small production garage rooms, small houses, cottages. Device for protecting a chimney against the influence of droplet moisture contains a heat source with a combustion chamber and a duct connected to a chimney in the form of a smoke exhaust pipe connected by an input window to a vertical chimney located outside the wall outside the unheated room, a window with a damper. Smoke pipe of the gas heating boiler is connected to the external smoke pipe. External smoke pipe passes through a window in the wall of the heated room to the outside and there is connected to a vertical chimney installed on the base plate. Vertical pipe, below the connected external smoke pipe to the side of the base plate, is enclosed in a heat-insulating casing in the form of a spiral-shaped contour of round tubes, rigidly fixed around it, supplied in the cavity of the tubes with incoming electric heating elements in the form of heating with an electric cable or electric spiral, or with the help of heating elements with terminals for supplying electrical power at the level from the base plate to the end of the external pipe connection to the chimney. Window with a damper for condensate drainage and drainage thereof is made on the vertical chimney below the connected external flue pipe. Diameters of the external flue pipe and the vertical chimney are not less than the diameter of the flue pipe from the gas heating boiler.EFFECT: improving the reliability of the insulating lower part of the vertical chimney, including in conditions of negative temperatures and the implementation of the exit of flue gases into the atmosphere.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of power engineering, in particular heat supply, and can be used for serial use of a boiler designed to operate on natural or liquefied gas, mainly continuous or long-term burning, for heating small industrial and garage rooms, small houses, cottages.

Known heating devices of the furnace, containing a heat source with a combustion chamber connected to a chimney, the walls of which have channels for heating taken from a heated room (Copyright certificate SU No. 531964, F24B 7/04 of 10/15/1976 and PM patent RU No. 114279, V08V 9/04, B24C 5/04 of 03/20/2012). However, the heat transfer efficiency in these air channels is not high enough due to the low speed of the circulation of ambient air under natural convention (draft) with small temperature differences between the incoming and outgoing air flow, and the structurally known furnace devices are cumbersome and complex. In addition, the disadvantage is the lack of an electric heating system for the vertical bottom of the chimney in the zone of its attachment to the base plate, when in perfect boilers (furnaces) they are a single-circuit floor boiler with a cast-iron heat exchanger and with electronic ignition and flame control in serial production. In modern conditions, chimneys are assembled from metal (galvanized) or steel pipes, which are insulated with refractory heat-insulating material, while in such chimneys there are no anti-freezing devices for the lower parts of the pipe surface.

Known chimney containing a supporting shell, a gas outlet, a ventilated gap between them, a heater and a ceiling, the exhaust hole of the gap is made in the form of an annular gap along the perimeter of the mouth of the gas outlet, and the outer circumference of the annular gap is bordered by a flow guide protruding above the ceiling obliquely to the axis of the chimney in the direction of gas movement (Copyright certificate SU No. 1006873, F23J 11/00 of 03/23/1983).

The disadvantage of this chimney is that the outdoor air heated in the air heater is supplied by the supply unit through the air distribution system to the ventilated gap only to the upper side of the chimney, which means that it does not take into account the condensate that drains down in streams, which means there are no devices for the lower parts of the pipe from anti-freezing, when there is no heat exchange surface or it is not warmed up enough during the winter period with sharp changes in subzero temperatures, and also when the gas boiler is operating in vtomaticheskom mode and its frequency of operation depends on the differential sub-zero temperatures, i.e. when the set heating temperature is reached, the room’s heating is switched off for a while, and when the heating cools down, it is switched back on automatically. Therefore, the chimney during this short break (stop) in the absence of gas combustion, the chimney cools quickly, although it essentially has a heat-insulating material around it, and it is additionally supplied with a “pipe to pipe”. Condensation forms in the form of droplets, which enter the bottom of the pipe to the bottom, it freezes in the very bottom circuit of the pipe, adjoining towards the window with a shutter for condensate drainage, i.e. condensate collects at the lower point of the pipe support on the foundation of the plate - icicles and blockage of the lower cavity of the pipe are formed.

A known system of air heating of rooms containing the supply and exhaust ducts, made in the form of a heat exchanger type "pipe in pipe", the internal cavity of which is the supply and the external one is the exhaust duct (Copyright certificate SU No. 1288456, F24F 7/00 of 02/07/1987) .

This system uses the heat of the removed air, but does not use the heat of the removed flue gases containing a large amount of heat than the removed warm air and therefore also takes place in the lower part of the pipe, the pipe circuit is constantly in the cold, and the upper part of the pipe is heated, respectively trickles of water fall out and they freeze, since the lower part of the chimney is absolutely impossible to ensure absolute tightness at the place of condensate drainage and discharge through a window with a shutter.

Closest to the claimed device in terms of essential features is a heating system containing a heat source with a combustion chamber and a flue connected to a chimney equipped with a heat exchanger in the form of a tubular casing mounted coaxially on the flue with the formation of air channels with inlet and outlet windows, with a pipe external air intake connected to the inlet window located at the bottom of the heat exchanger, the outdoor air intake pipe is connected to an unheated room, etc. Mostly with a subfloor, the outlet window is equipped with a shutter, located in the upper part of the heat exchanger and communicated with a heated room (Patent RU No. 2097661, F24B 7/02 of 11/27/1997).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the lack of an electric heating system for the lower part of the chimney, when cold “street” air enters from the underfloor or other place of the environment outside the heated room through the nozzle, so it must be heated intensively due to convective heat transfer from the outer surface of the flue and heated heated room through the exit window.

The chimney in modern and perfect gas boilers is arranged separately from the exhaust pipe and goes up parallel to each other at the same level in a high position. Even the thermal insulation of the chimney and additionally on top additional thermal insulation in the form of a winding with a metal casing (galvanized) from top to bottom (as shown by operating practice) using the Boiler Model. Italy "Vetta-100" / FonDiTAL / (model BALi RTVE-35) - Floor standing boilers are a single-circuit boiler for heating only, with a cast-iron heat exchanger, with electronic ignition and flame control. Power: 18-24-32-36 kW.

As a standard version, the boiler is designed to work on natural or liquefied gas, it works in automatic mode. Fondital boiler is suitable for domestic, public and industrial use. The diameter of the chimney is 250 mm when discharging only directly from the boiler and the wall thickness of the pipe is selected taking into account the temperature of the exhaust gases. The heating area is up to 980 m ² , the maximum t ° C of the heating system is 85 ° C. However, for this gas boiler and for already built heating boilers, the following disadvantages were revealed: firstly, the pipe of gas heating boilers is connected mainly to the external pipe-to-pipe pipe with a slightly larger diameter, the latter is connected through a window to a metal vertical chimney of the same diameter, the thickness of which is 0.8-1.0 mm and it is for the stability of the vertical position, the lower end is installed on the base plate from the side of the wall of the unheated room "street"; secondly, the outlet and insertion of the outer pipe into a vertical chimney takes place at a height (from the floor) of at least 1.5 m, therefore, heating of the pipe material in the lower base is already absent, which means that the lower part of the pipe is exposed to the supply of cold air, wherein a window with a shutter for condensate drainage and drainage is also located at a lower point on the base plate; thirdly, it is almost impossible to ensure absolute tightness, even with the shutter closed and using heat-insulating material with increased insulation, part of the cold air will also be sucked in due to the exhaust duct of the chimney, cooled in its lower part, with the release to the atmosphere. At negative and variable street temperatures of -2 ...- 30 ° С, frostbite of the inner contour of the pipe occurs before the insert of the outer pipe into the chimney. Therefore, the practice of operation has shown that in order to overcome excessive freezing and accumulation of accumulated frozen condensate, it is necessary to open the frozen shutter initially, then through a small opening to drain the condensate drain, still try, as a result, take improvised means (scrap, etc.) to remove frozen ice, and as a result, the damper deforms and cavitation of the chimney itself occurs when the scrap hits the pipe wall.

The inventive device is aimed at improving reliability for the protection of the chimney, including when operating in freezing temperatures.

To solve this problem, the device for protecting the chimney from the influence of droplet moisture contains a heat source with a combustion chamber and a gas duct connected to the chimney in the form of a smoke exhaust pipe connected by an inlet window to a vertical chimney located on the outside of the wall outside an unheated room, a window with a shutter, according to the invention, the smoke pipe of a gas heating boiler is connected to an external smoke pipe, while the external smoke pipe passes through a window in the wall of the heated room outwardly and there it is connected to a vertical chimney mounted on a base plate, while the vertical pipe, below the connected external smoke pipe towards the base plate, is enclosed in a heat-insulating casing in the form of a spiral-shaped contour of circular tubes, rigidly fixed around it, provided in the cavity tubes with incoming electric heating elements in the form of heating with an electric cable or an electric spiral or with the help of heating elements with terminals for supplying electric power at a level from the reference plates to the end of connecting the outer pipe to the chimney, in addition, on the vertical chimney below the connected external smoke pipe, a window with a damper for condensate drainage and its removal is made, while the diameters of the external smoke pipe and vertical chimney are not less than the diameter of the smoke pipe outgoing from the gas boiler heating.

In a heated room, a node for connecting an electric cable or an electric spiral is installed or with the help of heating elements to a power supply, when the outdoor temperature drops below 0 ° C, electric heating is turned on. Input and output, for example, of an electric cable from a heated room is carried out through the internal space, enclosed in a heat-insulating casing in the form of a spiral-shaped contour of circular tubes, rigidly fixed around the chimney in its lower part.

Distinctive features of the claimed device is namely, an additional winding of the outer part of the chimney enclosed in a heat-insulating casing in the form of a spiral-shaped contour of circular tubes with a heating element.

Thus, the chimney in its lower part, taking into account the refractory heat-insulating material, due to its installation rigidly and vertically on a base plate (reinforced concrete) with a spiral-shaped contour with a heating element, accelerates and maintains the temperature of the walls of the pipe with a window and a damper, in particular, its lower part to the base plate, which allows inside the hollow chimney to increase the temperature of its walls, the stability and completeness of the condensate outlet from the water vapor of the exhaust gaseous products of combustion (smoke s gases) that do not permit cooling to a temperature below 0 ° C. Droplets of warm water begin to flow out (when the walls of the pipe are heated), then into the condensate tank, i.e. water vapor begins to "precipitate." In this case, the heat from the coolant of the circuit in a circle at the bottom of the chimney allows it to constantly warm up uniformly when the outside air is cooled to a temperature below 0 ° C, i.e. condensate collects at the bottom of the chimney and does not freeze, there are no icicles and blockage with ice.

The proposed device is illustrated by drawings: In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the proposed device for protecting the chimney from the effects of drip moisture; in FIG. 2 - a boiler for burning a water heater; in FIG. 3 - panel of a controlled combustion boiler.

The device includes a boiler 1 for burning a water heating heater with a control panel 2 for a combustion boiler with a chimney 3 and an exhaust pipe 4 located along the wall outside the unheated side of the room (not shown) in the form of vertical steel pipes of circular cross section and vertically mounted on a supporting reinforced concrete slab 5.

The heating system contains a heat source made in the form of a single-circuit floor boiler 1 for heating with a cast-iron heat exchanger, with electronic ignition, flame control. The cost of the boiler is 160 thousand rubles at the prices of 2017, the weight of the boiler is 355 kg, the dimensions of the boiler (1430 × 450 × 100). The operation of boiler 1 is based on the combustion of natural or liquefied gas. Heating characteristic: the maximum pressure in the system is 4.0 bar, the heating area is up to 980 m ² , the minimum temperature of the heating system is 45 ° C, the maximum temperature of the heating system is 85 ° C.

Combustion boiler 1 includes a general switch with a network indicator, an unlock button 6, a heating controller 7, a lock indicator for water overheating 8, a lock indicator for lack of draft in the chimney and gas pressure (setting the temperature) 9, a burner lock indicator 10, a burner operation indicator light 11 thermomanometer 12, a safety thermostat 13 with manual reset Specification combustion boiler 4: maximum power - 99 kW, efficiency - 99.6% of the maximum gas flow rate - 11, 6 m ³ / hr, the maximum flow contractive ennogo gas - 8.7 kg / h, the diameter of the flue pipe to the boiler - 250 mm from the mains voltage - 220 V. Thus, operation of the apparatus of the chimney associated with the desired temperature in a combustion gas, connecting to atmospheric oxygen.

The combustion chamber of the floor boiler 1 at the smoke outlet is made of a tubular smoke pipe 14 with a diameter of 250 mm with an adapter 15 for connecting it to an external smoke pipe 16 with a diameter of 300 mm. The outer smoke pipe is connected to a vertical steel chimney 3 of the same size and is made in the form of a tee insert at an angle of 87 °, and the smoke pipe 16 extends through the wall 17 of the heated room to the outside. The vertical chimney 3 at the installation site on the supporting reinforced concrete slab 5 has an outlet window 18 with a shutter for condensate drainage, for example, into a container 19, which is formed as a result of dripping water droplets inside a hollow chimney (resulting condensate). A vertical chimney 3 of circular cross section is covered over its entire height with thermal insulation (glassy insulation thickness 40-50 mm), and also additionally fastened over it with a flexible circular sheet material (galvanized), which has the general form of a pipe-to-pipe heat exchanger, and Thus, the chimney 3 consists of one hollow pipe of a given height (above the roof of the room). As a result, there is no need on the inner surface in the upper part of the pipe 3 to additionally carry out a condensate collector with its output to the outside (this complicates the very design of the chimney with a heater as a whole).

The lower outer part of the vertical chimney 3, below the tee in the form of an outer chimney 16 and towards the base plate 5, is electrically heated in the form of a spiral-shaped casing of circular tubes 20 and rigidly fixed around the bottom of the chimney 3, laid from the outer smoke pipe 16 down towards the base plate 5, the turns of which follow the shape of a round pipe 3, while the lower turn of the spiral-shaped contour of the pipes 20 is located at the level of the upper cut of the window 18 with a shutter in the lower hour tee pipes 3.

The device also includes an exhaust pipe 4 mounted next to the vertical chimney 3 on the base plate 5 along the outer unheated wall of the room.

The device operates as follows.

In the combustion chamber of the floor-standing boiler 1, natural gas or liquefied gas is burned, the combustion of which air comes from a heated room. As standard, the boiler has an atmospheric stainless steel burner, electronic intermittent pilot burner ignition, flame ionization control, safety limit thermostat, flue gas safety thermostat, the ability to connect an electric board to control the heating zone. The boiler has a cast-iron heat exchanger and flame control.

The operation of the combustion boiler 1 is ensured in accordance with the quality and correct operation of the device, as well as maintenance in accordance with the standards applicable to its installation, in compliance with environmental and safety standards.

Flue gases through the smoke pipe 14 with the adapter 15 are discharged into the outer smoke pipe 16 of a slightly larger diameter than the pipe 14, then the flue gases enter the vertical chimney 3 and are released into the atmosphere, while heating only the upper part of the pipe 3, and the lower part of the pipe 3 towards the base plate remains chilled. In this regard, it is necessary to be able to heat the lower portion of the cold pipe 3 with electric heating elements (other options not described here are possible). After the onset of the cold period of the year at a temperature below 0 ° C, heating is provided, for which they include a heating, for example, electric cable or electric spiral or with the help of heating elements laid inside a spiral-shaped circuit consisting of round tubes 20 and rigidly fixed around the steel bottom of the pipe 3 from the side of the outer smoke pipe 16 down towards the base plate 5, the turns of which follow the shape of a round pipe 3. Thus, rounding the bottom of the pipe 3, a heating cable or other heating electric ment enters into the cavity of helical tube 20 and contacts the heating elements are displayed outside of the chimney, without affecting the contact with the pipe. Due to the automatic operation of floor boiler 1 in the cold season, it can be used in various climatic zones, and therefore, in the mode of use of the heat-insulating casing in the form of a spiral-shaped contour of tubes 20 of circular cross section, equipped with incoming electric heating elements in the cavity of the tubes 20, it ensures reliability, safety and stability of operation of the lower part of the chimney 3, having given off heat, and condensate flowing down the inside of the pipe does not freeze, and through the outlet window 18 with a damper, output Xia outwardly into the container 19. It will be appreciated that the gas boiler 1 working in automatic mode, by heating the heating space for heating is automatically switched off for a short time before its critical cooling tubes in heating the room, and then on again. Thus, the walls of the chimney 3 in the upper part are somewhat cooled, condensation accumulates during this break, which in the form of droplet water falls into the lower part of the pipe 3 mounted on the base plates 5.

This device allows you to completely eliminate the freezing of the shutter to the exit window and the accumulation of ice inside the pipe, i.e. there is no ice formation and blockage of the pipe cavity with ice. It is provided on the outside with heating electric elements, this heat increases the efficiency of the heat exchanger over the pipe, made by an insulated spiral contour of the tubes. When the heating element circuit is closed, the lower part of the chimney heats up and the layer freezes, water flows down from the window with a damper. This allows for reliable and easy operation of such gas boilers heated in the cold season, which allows reliable use of a vertical chimney. In addition, the claimed design features of the proposed device for protecting the chimney from the influence of droplet moisture in their entirety provide almost complete automation of the processes and improve the working conditions of the staff of the gas boiler.

Claims (1)

A device for protecting a chimney from the influence of droplet moisture, contains a heat source with a combustion chamber and a gas duct connected to the chimney in the form of a smoke exhaust pipe connected by an inlet window to a vertical chimney located on the outside of the wall outside an unheated room, a window with a shutter, characterized in that the smoke pipe of the gas heating boiler is connected to the external smoke pipe, while the external smoke pipe passes through the window in the wall of the heated room to the outside and there it is connected to the top a chimney mounted on the base plate, the vertical pipe below the connected outer smoke pipe towards the base plate is enclosed in a heat-insulating casing in the form of a spiral-shaped contour of circular tubes, rigidly fixed around it, provided with incoming electric heating elements in the cavity of the tubes in in the form of heating with an electric cable, or an electric spiral, or with the help of heating elements with terminals for supplying electric power at a level from the base plate to the end of the connection the outer pipe to the chimney, in addition, on the vertical chimney below the connected external chimney there is a window with a shutter for condensate drainage and its discharge, while the diameters of the outer chimney and the vertical chimney are not less than the diameter of the chimney outgoing from the gas heating boiler .

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