RU2677034C1 - Sheet water block to create anti-agrestal, mulching, precipitation collecting and condensation irrigation, water taking, drying, local humidity regulating film soil coverings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in the arid climatic conditions in home gardening, horticulture, protective afforestation. Sheet water block is characterized by the fact that, due to the sheet (average 2.5×1.8 m) dimensional amenities and the block attachments, mainly of molding and roll-film manufacturing, systems of micro-basins, micro-rollers, runoff strips, drainage, planting, ventilation holes, condensation and barrier devices, distribute the precipitation and film condensation waters mainly along the rooting horizon. Regulating the water flow by the structures moisture balance isolation, the micro-basins order areas ratio, the runoff strips width, parts dimensions serial gradations. Film soil coatings assembly is carried out in a row manner by means of inter block coatings strips, the rows are oriented relative to the section-wise slope vectors, micro-rollers and barrier devices are placed diagonally and frame-wise. In the cultivation of woods, mostly tall plants (gardens, forest belts), areal soils film coatings are combined with the inter-row spans. For the of herbaceous plants cultivation, such as vegetable crops, and the perennials laying, the planting seats are combined with the water drainage holes. In order to increase the survival rate of plantings in dry conditions and to provide moisture for close-fitting plantings, the coatings are performed linearly with blocks of moisture input gains. For the small-stemmed plants and planting materials (cuttings, seedlings, seedlings) small-scale cultivation, the orifice units are made linearly folded in combination with cross-inclined run-off strips. Under conditions of excessive and bog wetting, a part of the film soil coating precipitation water is taken by means of block section-wise drainage strips. In areas of significant daily temperature fluctuations, water blocks are manufactured by combinations of block-wise film coating vapor condensation and one-way grid distribution webs. Roll-film and plate-folding water blocks execution is distinguished by the rifled sheets and holes, the tooling parts attachment, the folding, the frame-directed barrier of the folding, the holes and holes stud-nail-plank trimming. Block cores film bodies materials are mainly black and transparent plastics, in proportion to the strength and stiffness, with a thickness of, for example, 0.05–0.3 mm.EFFECT: such water blocks execution will allow to reduce water losses and labor costs.1 cl, 55 dwg

Description

The invention is used in plant growing, mainly in arid conditions, home gardening, gardening and protective afforestation. Special and additional applications: 1) agricultural development of deserts and their afforestation; 2) cultivation of plants in areas of waterlogging, erosion, salinization of the soil; 3) small non-traditional water supply ...

In arid zones, the lack of moisture is a limiting factor in the environment for plant life. As the main means of increasing moisture supply, various methods of mulching are used. Most often, mechanical loosening of the soil is carried out, less often, covering it with crop residues, peat crumbs ... In home gardening and gardening, they are mulched with shavings, cardboard, roofing felt, and husks from sunflower seeds.

However, these and other well-known methods of water conservation are highly costly and insufficient for steppe conditions. The intensive consumption of precipitation water for evaporation (plants, ground cover) during the summer period also destroys winter moisture reserves. Soil physical evaporation in moderate climatic conditions consumes up to 30-50% of the total annual precipitation moisture supply.

Not so long ago, spontaneously, for the mulching and suppression of weeds in household plots and summer cottages, they began to use film polymer soil coverings. Transparent and black-colored film is manufactured industrially and sold in rolls with a web width of 3m. Transparent was originally intended for lining greenhouses, and black for closing filtration in hydraulic construction.

Gardeners are now buying black-film materials at home stores. Holes for planting are cut with a cross after laying the film. The edges of the strips of coatings are tucked into the grooves and fixed by backfill. The drawback of the applied artisanal black-film sheet mulching is that the sediment water flowing along their surface slightly (5-10%) gets into the planting holes, therefore it also forms harmful eroding flows from showers.

For several years, the author at the dacha plot laid sheets of rolled black-colored film on a “square-nested” surface from the holes, with the aim of completely collecting the areal drainage water from the holes by planting holes in the film in the center of the holes. To do this, the film had to be weighed (gravel) to the bottom of each hole. These primitive labor-intensive actions made it possible to close the moisture loss by directing the flow to the root necks. The collection of runoff is effective even from light rains with a layer of 1-3 mm, since they fall often in the summer and bring harm when there is no soil cover.

The experimental data of artisanal (prototype) author's research in versions on fruit trees, strawberries, pumpkins, tomatoes confirmed in practice the need for film-hole moisture-accumulating coatings. The experiments are taken as a prototype of this group invention. Fruits and vegetables grown on mock-ups in arid weather conditions (Stavropol Territory) were 1.5 times larger than those grown using well-known bagar technologies in neighboring areas under identical growing conditions.

The main disadvantage of artificially made film soil coatings is the low payback of crop production from excessive manual labor costs and rainfall water loss ..

The main objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of crop production by reducing water loss and labor.

The goals are achieved by the fact that insufficiently reducing the evaporation and development of weeds, artisanally made film soil coverings, according to the invention, are performed by means of precinct moisture-regulating “leaf water blocks”, characterized in that, due to dimensional comforts of the leaf (average 2.5 × 1.8) and block accessories, mainly cast and “roll-film” isotopes, accelerate block installation work of periods of maintenance of collapsible areal and linear film-grout coverings, systems of, micro-limans, rollers, st water, drainage, landing, ventilation openings, vapor-condensation and barrier devices, distribute precipitation and film-vapor condensation water mainly along the rooting horizon, regulate water consumption by moisture-balanced isolation of structures, the ratio of the areas of microliminal orders, the width of the runoff bands, the detail-sized serial gradations, lead in order by means of strips of interblock ceilings, the rows are oriented relative to the sectional vectors of the slope, mic ovals and barriers are placed diagonally and framewise, when cultivating woody, mainly tall plants (gardens, forest belts ...), areal foil coverings are combined with aisles, and for growing herbaceous plants (for example, vegetable crops) and bookmarks of perennials, seats are combined with drainage holes to increase in arid conditions, the survival rate of plantations and moisture supply of close-row plantings, the coatings are linearly performed by units of reinforcements of moisture intake, for small-scale cultivation For small-stemmed plants and planting materials (cuttings, seedlings, seedlings ...), the hole nodes are linear in line, in combination with transversely inclined runoff strips, under conditions of excessive and swampy humidification, part of the sediment water is collected by film soil coverings using block-sampling drainage strips of runoff, in areas of significant diurnal drop water temperature produced by a combination of block film-coating vapor-condensing and oporgetochnye stock distribution cloths of roll-film blocks is distinguished by the cutness of sheets and tooling parts, their application, dismantling, frame-directed barrier folding, stud-nail-plank, guy-hole forming of holes and holes, the material of the film bodies of block devices today are mainly black-colored and transparent plastics, commensurate with strength, stiffness and thickness for example, 0.05-0.3 mm. "

The invention is illustrated graphically. On 28 sheets 55 figures are placed, including 3 tables. In FIG. 1 shows (in plan) the design of the block and its conjugations along the adjacent sides, for the variant of cultivation of adult woody plants, with a diagonal-square arrangement of microlimans. In sectional view of FIG. Figure 2 shows the pattern of the influx of sediment into soil along the moisture horizons. In FIG. 3 shows, in two versions, first-order, 15 ventilation-and-drainage orifice devices 3 'for tree-growing blocks, and a diagram of the inter-row docking unit of the blocks, and in FIG. 4 illustrates a non-stop, double-wing, second-order 15 'non-stop device 5 of a general purpose hole 5. FIG. 5 characterizes a rectangular-row micro-limous snap-in of a block of areal soil coverings for nest-planting 3 cultivation of medium and large-stem grass plants. In FIG. Figures 6 and 7 show the designs of two options for jointing (non-damaging, one two-roller) blocks inside a row, with the sequence of laying blocks on corner mounting holes (13). In FIG. 8 shows a nest-planting ventilation and water outlet (3), for growing medium and large-stem grassy crops, and FIG. 8 ^/ , 8 ^// shows accessories for maintenance work. FIG. Figure 9 shows the design of the placement of the equipment of the injection unit for small plantings of predominantly small-stemmed plants. In FIG. 10 depicts fragments of the nodes and details of block irrigation and planting linear-borehole blocks. In FIG. 11 shows a linear block of film film coverings for cultivation and engraftment of predominantly woody plants. In FIG. 12 shows a planting and drainage device for planting plants on a linear, single row soil cover. In FIG. 13, 14, 15, 15 ^/ , 15 ^// the conditions for laying blocks and land work of linear soil coverings are shown. In FIG. 16, 16 ^/ , 17, 17 ^/ illustrate examples of the interposition of blocks in linear film soil coatings for woody plants, depending on the angles of approach of the slope vectors to the planting line. In FIG. 18, 18 ^/ , 18 ^// , 19, 19 ^{/ the} design variants of the blocks of drainage areal areal film soil coverings are displayed. In FIG. 19 ^// , table 1 gives a scheme for calculating the dimensions of block options. In FIG. 20 shows a fragment of the plan of the massif with drainage working sections and drainage systems. In FIG. 20 ^/ , table 2, gives a scheme of calculations for runoff from water strips. In FIG. 20 ^// graphic explanations are given according to the data of table 2. In FIG. Figure 21 shows a "geodetic justification" diagram for the patch mounting of film soil cover blocks. In FIG. 22, 23, the design of the mounting stud and (22), and the mounting nail are characterized. FIG. 24, 25, 26 characterize the design and use of the garden mounting tape. In FIG. 27 given the device "wedge-mounting unit". In FIG. 25, boundary wedge-mounting conditions for the assembly of soil coverings are characterized. In FIG. Figure 28 shows the design of the roll film variant block for garden wood-vegetable soil coverings (in the analogies of manufacture). In FIG. 29 shows fragments of a web structure and parts of a wire-frame film-vapor-condensation and track (142 ^/ ) devices. In FIG. 30, 30 ^/ , 31, 31 ^/ fragments are given for the construction of blocks of roll film versions of film soil coverings for growing herbaceous plants. In FIG. 32 shows fragments (1, 2, 3) of the construction of the block nodes of film soil coverings for growing plants in semi-desert (3) and desert conditions (1-2). In FIG. 33 shows a hydraulic level device, and FIG. 34 is a diagram for determining, by a hydraulic level, a generalized direction (139) of a slope over a site from one standing point. In FIG. Figures 35–40 show examples of the construction of microlimited mosaics in six fragments. In FIG. 41 describes a device for a film-cell element of an inclined cover, supporting an irrigation grid. In FIG. 42 shows the rack-mount (151) placement of the hole chain (146). In FIG. 43 shows a diagram of the formation of the total slope along the transverse axis of the cover of irrigation. In FIG. 44 shows a diagram of a plant for experimental testing of sewage strips (c) of water sampling soil coverings. In FIG. 45, table 3, a calculation scheme for the test setup of FIG. 44, the values are referred to in table 2. In Fig. 46, constructions of fastening hole devices and studs are predominantly used for roll film production units. Fig. 47 depicts a variant addition to Fig. 41. Fig. 48 shows a fragment of the construction of a three-row (15, 15 ^/ , 15 ^// ) garden microlimeric rolls 190 of a roll-film water block. In FIG. 49, 50 show the design of roll-film waterblocks for growing herbs using injection molding tapes 190 and track moisture condensation nets 141, double-order microlimans. In FIG. 51, fragments of the constructions of a tree-growing platform and garden nest-planting sand-litter roll-film single-order estuary (15) water blocks are displayed. In FIG. 52, the device of the lunar planting and engraftment roll film sheet block and the scheme for cutting the cores are characterized. Figs 53, 54 show fragments of a double-shelter water-withdrawal plant-breeding (Fig. 53) and a combined moisture-selective roll-film (Fig. 54) soil coverings. In FIG. 55 presents: the design of a folding plastic-plate water-sampling irrigation block for two irrigation methods (Fr. 1, 2), the device of a barrier tape 126, a platform 46 and elements of a hairpin and tray assembly 188, 144.

блочных листов; левый 11 и правый 12 валик порядовой стыковки блоков; порядовые (е) и прочие стыковочные зазоры; монтажное поугловое отверстие 13; крепежное отверстие, либо кнопка или разрезное 14; водосборная площадь микролиманов, первого 15 (Ф), второго 15^/ (Ф^/) и третьего 15'' порядков (в дм², обведена кружками); номер последовательности укладки блоков, справа налево 16 и обратно 17; доски передвижения, большая 18, малая 19; полосы перемещения 20; направление стока склоновое и по руслу 21; оси блока, продольная 22, поперечная 22^/ и лимана 22^//; углы разворота поперечной оси к склону, вправо 23^/, влево 23; водоприемные беспосадочные грунтовые камеры, шахтно фильтрационно оборудованные 24 и полые 24^/; осветительно водоприемные, гнездопосадочно оборудованные 25 и линейные 26 грунтовые выемки (камеры); проволочная шпилька 27 и ее отверстие 27^/ (Фиг 8^/); световое и раздвижное стеблевое отверстие 28; уровень заглубления семян, либо корневой шейки рассады 29; посевной грунт, семенной 30 и рассадный 30^/; песочная насыпка 31 и подстилка 31^/; основание развитого стебля 32; землеройные, ломик 32^/, мастерок-черпачек 32^// (фиг. 8^//); микролиманная цепь 33; створочно полосное вентиляционно водоспускное осветительно посадочное отверстное устройство 34 и гнездопосадочное 34^/; поперечноуклонная стоковая полоса 35 (h₁), ее части, междурядно влагозарядочная 36 (h₁ ^//) и вертикальнокорневая 37 (h₁ ^/), ширина полос h₁,h₁ ^/,h₁ ^//; вентиляционно осветительная щель по посадочной линии 38 и ее ширина d^//; ширина створочной полосы 39 (d); полинейная створка 40, ее длина d^/, ширина m^/; постворочные разрезы 41; полоса постоянной загибки створок 42; отверстие водослива (его ширина) 42^/; пластинка выравнивающего окаймления, понизовая 43; перемычка 44, ее ширина m^//; отстояние перемычек 45 (m); скамеечное устройство и помост 46; ножка скамейки 47; сиденье (раздвижное) 48; усеченно пирамидоформный луночный узел 49, его рамка с валиком 49^/ и без валика 49^//; плоский домерный участок 50; ребровый литый валик 51; грань усеченной пирамиды, стационарная 52 и съемная 52^/; устройство стоворочно раздвижного центрально корневого посадочно водопускного отверстия на усеченной пирамиде 53; линия сечения плоскости основания пирамиды 54; приребровая полоса соединительных перекрытий 55; кнопочная застежка 56; сцепочно фигурное перекрытие (с^/) с накладным валиком 57; порамочный проем 5 7⁷; линия стыковки (сечения) плоскости грани и плоскости усечения пирамиды 58; прикопочно крепежная полоса 59 и ее ширина с^//; крепежная траншейка 60; точка нулевых земработ 61; канава («нагорная») с выемкой 62 и насыпкой 62⁷; посадочная яма 63; гуммированный песчаный грунт 64; ширина полосы водосбора

65; ширина блока

66; корневая шейка 67; линии вертикальных сечений: плоскости основания пирамиды 68, горизонтальной плоскости 69, плоскости грани 70, продольных 71 и поперечных 71^/ натур склонов трассы; ось посадочного узла (пирамиды) 72; уклоны склонов по трассе, продольные (α) 73 и поперечные (α^/) 74; угол наклонения грани к основанию пирамиды ((3) 75; угол наклонения грани к склону, вдоль (β) 76 и поперек трассы (β^/) 76^/; угол «обратного» уклона грани (β-α=±Δ) 77; угол сочленения плоскости основания пирамиды (68) с домерной (50) частью блока (γ) 78; поблочная глубина лунки (h) 79; заглубление корневой шейки (h^/) 80; диаметр ствола 81 и его расширение 81^/; место утолщения створок 82; закрыто плосколоточная водоотборная полоса 83, ширина В и глубина Н русла лотка; продуцирующая полоса 84, ее ширина П; коренной бортовый руслолотковый валик 85 и альтернативный, по остову складной пластиновалик 85^/; верхнебьефный заслоночный валик 85^/; вентиляционные отверстия 86; гребешково ленточная наставка валика 86^/; пластина прижимно застежечная 87; номер рабочего участка по массиву 88; участковый поперечно склоновый водосборный лоток 89; участковая дорожка 90; участковая крытая емкость 91 с напорным баком 91^/; участковый номер листоблока 92; дорожное покрытие 93; обочина 94; комплексный водоотводный лоток 95; выемочный откос 96; дюкер перераспределитель 97; водослив 98; горизонталь 99; граница землепользования (усадьбы) 100; дорога 101; участок сада 102, огорода 103, двора 104; гранично монтажный клин 104^/; граница участка пленочно влагорегулируещего грунтопокрытия 105; монтажный и граничный репер 106; продольная 107, поперечная 107^/, базисная и граничная линии; листоблок вариантный 108 и клиномонтажный 108^/; монтажная шпилька (разрез) 109 (фиг. 22); крепежный гвоздь 110 (фиг. 23); ствольная 111 и сдвижная 111^/ монтажные ленты; четырехстворочно сдвижное окно 112; тепловой зазор 113; шляпки гвоздя 114 и шпильки 114^/; визирка 115; ширина сдвижной полосы 116; сохраняемые 117, отрезаемые 118, перемещаемые 119 части клиномонтажных блоков; посадочные места 120; указание разницы диаметров (мм) 121; рифление 122; створный репер 123; контрольный угол (90°) 124; уголковый валик 125; валикопристежечная проволочная шпилька 125^/; барьерлента с клиноопарками 126, фигурными пленкопристежками 126^/, винтеляционными отверстиями и шпильками 126^/; прозрачный шланг 127; рейки, первая 128 и вторая 128^/; упор 129; штырь 130; точка отсчета по мениску 131; стоянка 132; пикет (ГК), точка измерений 133; условная высота (отметка) точки стояния первой рейки (00) 134; превышение (h) 135; отстояние пикета (ч) 136; уклон (m_/) в дробях, линии (АБ) вектора учаскового склона 137 (фиг. 34); длинная сторона участка 138 (107); угол разворота длинной (базисной) стороны участка, либо ряда, к линии обобщенного направления склона 139 (γ); таблица превышении (h) 140; влагоконденсационные 141 и мульчировочно дорожковые 141^/ сетки, их рамки; профиль лотковых 142 и безлотковых 142^/ дорожково сеточных полотен; обобщенный вектор подвешено конденсационного стока 143; клеточно стокосборный микролоток 144; «развязка» лотковых стоколиний, открывающая 145 и заслоночная 145^/; вентиляционное и водопроточное постоечное межлотковое отверстие (3,0×2,0) 146; поперечносклонный и продольные сквозные стокосборные микролотоки 147, с донными местами слива 148; наружное вентиляционное отверстие (5×1) 149; лотковый бортик 150; опорная стойка сеточной линии 151; головочная линия опорной стойки 152; основание опорной стойки 153; высота сетки 154; конденсационная клеточная поверхность 155; лиманоразделительная барьерная планка 156 с прогибом 156^/; планочный паз 157 и крючок 157^/; полиманно грунтовая выемка 158; подбираемые, поперечный 159 и продольные 160 пополотновые уклоны; посадочное, вентиляционное и водоприемное отверстие (трехстороннего водоприхода) 161; беспосадочное трехстворочное отверстие двухстороннего водоприхода 162; комбинированное водоприемное и посадочное отверстие 163; заслонка 164; беспосадочные луночно и отвертно шпилечно оттяжные водоспускные и винтеляционные устройства, первый 165 и последующие 166 порядки; вентиляционный зазор 167; прирамочный микролоток 168; наклеечные, общеблочный поперекуклонный валик 169 и порядно стокоразделительный валик 170; по диагонально заслонный лотковый отрезок 171; первопорядковая линия, посадочная (травяные растения) и беспосадочная (древесные растения) 172; второпорядковая беспосадочная линия 173; действительное направление линии (прямой) рядовой посадки на склоне 174; существующее обобщенное направление склона (вектора) по участку 175; теоретически оптимальное направление склона 176; стокосбросная микроканавка 177, возможно с лотком; спарено навесной блок 178; двусточно домерная наставка 179; рифленно- домерная наставка 180 и линия водостока 180^/, включая конденсационного; линейная опорка 181; «поблочно клеточно уклонная атмирригационная крышка» 182; поклеточно крышечное осадкосборное и вентиляционное отверстие 183; конденсационная клетка 184; рифленная поверхность 185, ребро 185^/ и мениск 185^//; разрезы для раздвижных винтелиционно водоспускных отверстий 186 и само отверстие 186^/; лямка 187; проволочная 188 и другие щельешпильки 188^/; затеняющее водосливное отверстие 189; литьевая микролиманная валиколента 190; ленточный валик 191; порамочные плоские 192 и гвоздевидные 192^/ прижимно крепежные шпильки; полентно планкоскладной барьерузел 193, его ручносборный аналог 193^/; барьеркрепежная шпилька 193^//; рамкоотверстный разрез 194; якорный крюк 195.The following names of parts are given on the listed figures, their digital numbering and letter designations (numbers of the names of the nodes and sizes of the areas are circled): body of the soil-covering film 0 and point of zero excavation O ^/ ; microliman rollers, hollow 1 and cast 1 ^/ ; other rollers, hollow 2, cast 2 ^/ , tee 2 ^// ; first-order ventilation drainage non-stop (15) hinged four-leaf 3 ^/ and four-slot openings shading 3 '(189); leaf 4; double-wing non-stop drainage aperture devices 5; inter-leaf ventilation and drainage slots, sections and openings 6; spur roller 7; surface strip thickening of the film 8, or thinning 9, also lower side (separate frame) 8 ^/ , 9 ^/ ; inter-row (a) and ordinal (b) inter-hole (and nesting) distances; block frame 10; overlap bandwidth of block sheets, inter-row (s), ordinal (s); length (s) and width

block sheets; left 11 and right 12 roller serial linking blocks; ordinal (e) and other connecting gaps; mounting angle hole 13; mounting hole, or button or split 14; catchment area of microlimans, the first 15 (Ф), the second 15 ^/ (Ф ^/ ) and the third 15 '' orders (in dm ² , circled); block stacking sequence number, from right to left 16 and back 17; movement boards, large 18, small 19; lane 20; the direction of runoff is slope and along channel 21; axis of the block, longitudinal 22, transverse 22 ^/ and estuary 22 ^// ; turning angles of the transverse axis to the slope, right 23 ^/ , left 23; water-accepting non-stop soil chambers, mine filtration equipped 24 and hollow 24 ^/ ; illuminating water receiving, nest-planting equipped 25 and linear 26 soil excavations (chambers); wire pin 27 and its hole 27 ^/ (Fig 8 ^/ ); light and sliding stem hole 28; the level of deepening of seeds or root neck of seedlings 29; sowing soil, seed 30 and seedlings 30 ^/ ; sand filling 31 and bedding 31 ^/ ; the base of the developed stem 32; earth moving, crowbar 32 ^/ , trowel-dipper 32 ^// (Fig. 8 ^// ); microlime chain 33; casement strip ventilation gutter lighting landing device 34 and nest landing 34 ^/ ; transversely sloping stock strip 35 (h ₁ ), its parts, inter-row water-loading 36 (h ₁ ^// ) and vertical root 37 (h ₁ ^/ ), strip width h ₁ , h ₁ ^/ , h ₁ ^// ; ventilation lighting gap along the landing line 38 and its width d ^// ; casement width 39 (d); linear sash 40, its length d ^/ , width m ^/ ; hinged sections 41; the strip of constant bending of the valves 42; spillway hole (its width) 42 ^/ ; lowering leveling plate 43; jumper 44, its width m ^// ; bridge spacing 45 (m); bench device and platform 46; bench leg 47; seat (extendable) 48; truncated pyramid-shaped hole assembly 49, its frame with a roller 49 ^/ and without a roller 49 ^// ; flat domer plot 50; rib cast roll 51; face of a truncated pyramid, stationary 52 and removable 52 ^/ ; the device is a retractable sliding central root landing culvert on a truncated pyramid 53; a section line of the base plane of the pyramid 54; intercostal strip of connecting ceilings 55; button fastener 56; coupling figured overlap (s ^/ ) with an overhead roller 57; frame opening 5 7 ⁷ ; the line of joining (section) of the plane of the face and the plane of truncation of the pyramid 58; prikopno fixing strip 59 and its width c ^// ; mounting trench 60; point of zero excavation 61; ditch ("upland") with a recess 62 and a filling 62 ⁷ ; landing pit 63; gummed sandy soil 64; catchment width

65; block width

66; root neck 67; lines of vertical sections: the base plane of the pyramid 68, the horizontal plane 69, the plane of the face 70, longitudinal 71 and transverse 71 ^/ natures of the slopes of the route; the axis of the landing unit (pyramid) 72; slopes of the slopes along the route, longitudinal (α) 73 and transverse (α ^/ ) 74; the angle of inclination of the face to the base of the pyramid ((3) 75; the angle of inclination of the face to the slope, along (β) 76 and across the path (β ^/ ) 76 ^/ ; the angle of the “reverse” slope of the face (β-α = ± Δ) 77; the angle articulations of the plane of the base of the pyramid (68) with the domeric (50) part of the block (γ) 78; block depth of the hole (h) 79; deepening of the root neck (h ^/ ) 80; diameter of the barrel 81 and its extension 81 ^/ ; the site of thickening of the valves 82; closed flat-water drainage strip 83, width B and depth H of the channel of the channel; producing strip 84, its width P; root side channel-grooved roller 85 and alternative, osto y folding plastinovalik 85 ^/; verhnebefny the shutter roller 85 ^/; vents 86; scalloping tape nastavka roller 86 ^/; plate presser zastezhechnaya 87; working section number of the array 88, the divisional transverse slope catchment tray 89, a precinct path 90; precinct covered capacitance 91 with a pressure tank 91 ^/ ; section number of the sheet block 92; road surface 93; curb 94; integrated drainage tray 95; excavation slope 96; redistributor redistributor 97; spillway 98; horizontal 99; land use (homestead) border 100; road 101; plot of garden 102, garden 103, yard 104; boundary mounting wedge 104 ^/ ; the boundary of the area of the film moisture control soil coating 105; mounting and boundary reference 106; longitudinal 107, transverse 107 ^/ , the base and boundary lines; option block 108 and clinomontazh 108 ^/ ; mounting pin (cut) 109 (Fig. 22); mounting nail 110 (FIG. 23); barrel 111 and movable 111 ^/ mounting tapes; four-leaf sliding window 112; thermal clearance 113; nail caps 114 and studs 114 ^/ ; target plate 115; the width of the movable strip 116; stored 117, cut off 118, moved 119 parts of clinomontage blocks; seats 120; indication of the difference in diameter (mm) 121; corrugation 122; casement 123; control angle (90 °) 124; angle roller 125; roller pin hairpin 125 ^/ ; barrier with wedge fleet 126, curly film strand 126 ^/ , screw holes and studs 126 ^/ ; transparent hose 127; slats, the first 128 and the second 128 ^/ ; emphasis 129; pin 130; meniscus reference point 131; parking 132; picket (GK), measuring point 133; conditional height (elevation) of the standing point of the first rail (00) 134; excess (h) 135; picket distance (h) 136; slope (m _/ ) in fractions, line (AB) of the vector of the lateral slope 137 (Fig. 34); the long side of section 138 (107); the turning angle of the long (base) side of the plot, or row, to the line of the generalized direction of the slope 139 (γ); excess chart (h) 140; moisture condensing 141 and mulching track 141 ^/ nets, their frames; profile of tray 142 and trayless 142 ^/ track mesh paintings; generalized vector suspended condensation drain 143; cell-stock collection micro-tray 144; “Decoupling” of chute stocklines opening 145 and shutter 145 ^/ ; ventilating and water-flowing rack-mounted interbody cavity (3.0 × 2.0) 146; transverse and longitudinal through drainage microcurrents 147, with bottom places drain 148; external vent (5 × 1) 149; tray side 150; support stand of the mesh line 151; the head line of the support rack 152; the base of the support column 153; mesh height 154; condensation cell surface 155; estuary separation bar 156 with deflection 156 ^/ ; a groove 157 and a hook 157 ^/ ; polymannically soil excavation 158; selectable, transverse 159 and longitudinal 160-grade slopes; landing, ventilation and water inlet (three-way water inlet) 161; nonstop tricuspid opening of the double-sided water intake 162; combined water intake and landing hole 163; damper 164; non-stop lunar and screwdriver hairpin drain and screw devices, first 165 and subsequent 166 orders; ventilation clearance 167; frame micro-tray 168; pasted, common block cross-slope roller 169 and orderly stock separation roller 170; diagonally screened tray section 171; first-order line, planting (grass plants) and non-stop (woody plants) 172; second-order non-stop line 173; the actual direction of the line (direct) of the row landing on slope 174 the existing generalized direction of the slope (vector) in section 175; theoretically optimal direction of slope 176; drainage micro-groove 177, possibly with a tray; coupled mounted block 178; two-partly homer extension 179; corrugated-domer extension 180 and drain line 180 ^/ , including condensation; linear support 181; “Block cell deflection atmirrigation cover” 182; pokletochno cap sedimentary and ventilation hole 183; condensation cell 184; grooved surface 185, rib 185 ^/ and meniscus 185 ^// ; cuts for sliding screw-drainage holes 186 and the hole itself 186 ^/ ; strap 187; wire 188 and other snap pins 188 ^/ ; shading spill hole 189; injection molding microlimanal roll 190; belt roller 191; framed flat 192 and nail-shaped 192 ^/ clamping fastening pins; Polenta plank folding folding barrier 193, its hand-assembled analogue 193 ^/ ; barrier fastening pin 193 ^// ; frame-hole section 194; anchor hook 195.

Judging by the listings of the above descriptions of the structures, the object of the claimed group invention is a block device (product in options), “Sheet water block” used for the manufacture of devices, “precinct moisture-control film soil coverings”.

The set of processes for the entry of moisture into the soil, its movement and consumption, is called the water regime.

The largest amount of water consumed by plants (over 95%) goes to leaf evaporation (transpiration) for self-cooling.

Lack of moisture during the growing season leads to a weakening of photosynthesis and a decrease in yield, and with prolonged drought - to the death of plants. Excessive humidity is harmful, as is insufficient. The quantitative characteristic of the water regime according to the time interval (t) is characterized by the general equation of the water balance of soils (agricultural textbook S.A. Vorobyov):

where: W _o - moisture supply at the beginning of the period;

W _t - moisture supply at the end of the period;

S - precipitation;

P - input from groundwater;

K - condensation of water vapor (atmospheric irrigation);

E ₁ - transpiration by plants (E ₁ = E1 ^/ + E1 ^// );

E ₂ - evaporation from the surface of the soil (physical evaporation), unproductive evaporation, in moderate conditions per year averages about 50% of the precipitation (“Reclamation Geography”, AM Shulgin, Moscow, “Higher School”, 1980, p. 193);

Q ₁ - infiltration into the deep layers;

Q ₂ - surface runoff (5% -20%);

E ₁ ^/ - productive moisture consumption;

E ₁ ^// - consumption of weed vegetation.

The equation serves as a visibility and for calculations through reference information.

The materials presented in the application for the description of the variants of the “leaf water block” group invention cover the moisture regulation of plant cultivation in the range from dry (desert) and insufficient (steppe) humidification zones to zones of excessive (forest, swamp) sediment (S).

The rainfall waterfall (S) makes up the largest part of the total annual tax revenue (S + P + K). Weather dimensions of precipitation vary widely in season and intensity. Water inlets determine the climatic features, both of entire regions, and on working sites (facies). For example, 50-100 mm of rainfall in the tropics during the year forms desert landscapes, and monsoon rains with a force of up to 12 thousand mm per year form: floods, floods, tropical forest, swamps, shrouds.

When groundwater (P) reaches the surface in lowlands, waterlogging of territories is known to form. The invention proposed variant development of film-drainage reclamation of waterlogged lands (table 1, 2, 3) and their agricultural development.

The water ballast equation takes into account the water intake (K) from condensation of atmospheric vapor on the walls of the soil (soil) resulting from the absorption of warm air by the soil. The process operates during the day in hot weather, called agranomy "atmrigrigi".

The subject invention provides embodiments parokotsensatsionnuyu water collecting products (K ^/) formed by suspended on the film surface "precinct gruntonakryty" .Pochvokondtsensatsiony (K) and naplenochnye (K ^/) have vlvgoprihody bundle, so called generalized in whole invention "condensation irrigation."

According to the invention, the productive part of the water consumption (E ₁ ^/ ) includes: 1) "direct irrigation", 2) "water withdrawals", irrigation and household use. The water produced by the invention can be sold in goods, it is valuable, it is known that it is constantly increasing.

The deficit of natural moisture supply (W _t <W _o ) of the plants is reduced by local film soil coverings due to: reduction of physical evaporation (E ₂ ) by film mulching, runoff closure (Q ₂ ), weed vegetation suppression (E ₁ ^// ), moisture recharge (Fig. 2) , inventions of aerial irrigation means (K ^/ ) of FIG. 29, 32, 46, 55.

The design of the blocks for growing in arid conditions woody plants made by the invention variant of FIG. 1, 11, 28-55. Variants of blocks for cultivating herbaceous plants (bagar) are shown in FIG. 5, 9, 30-55, (9 ^/ ). The embodiment of FIG. 9 ^/ , this is a special case of the variant according to (Fig. 9).

The description of the devices of the roll film production units in this description is given separately, on pages 29-39 and in FIG. 28, 30, 46-55.

Harmful and excess sediment water (ΔS = W _t -W _o ), for example, eroding, waterlogging, soil coverings, on a per-site basis (Fig. 20) are selected by means of tooling of blocks and drainage systems, increasing the productive moisture consumption (E ₁ ^/ ) including additional water use.

A special property of film materials of block soil coatings is the compatibility of water, air and light impermeability (or transparency), which makes it possible to simultaneously hold onto the sheet surface with rain and melt water, for the purpose of mainly irrigation use, close physical evaporation (mulching), and suppress weeds by darkening. A measure of the ratio of stiffness and elasticity in the film material creates resistance to small irregularities in the underlying surface and the repetition of its large forms, after alignment with a rake with a packer. Smoothly smooth film surfaces provide a uniform flow of water into block hole units that perform additional functions: 1) ventilation, to comply with the air regime of the soil and atmirrigation; 2) marking of seats (nesting, lowercase); 3) casement mulching; 4) lighting and heating of seedling chambers (28, 38).

The openings are divided into non-stop, four, three, two (3 ^/ , 162, 5) casement and landing, nest (3, 53, 161, 163) or linearly (34) holes.

Networks of block openings are connected by mounting blocks in sectional ones (Figs. 20-27).

Forms of roll constructions, typical microliman mosaics (Figs. 35–40), rectilinear barrier lines, their cross sections, locations relative to axes and holes are shown in block drawings (Figs. 1, 5, 9, 11, 18, 28, 48 ...) . The main purposes of the rollers are the delimitation of microliminal (15) areas of a hole catchment, retention and direction of runoff, and the implementation of block-frame functions.

The gradation of dimensions and shapes of microliminal catchment areas and runoff strips (15, 15 ^/ , 35) for blocks of grassy (non-woody) plants is determined by the well-known agrotechnical requirements of rectangular-nesting and row-laying plants (Fig. 5, 9), ordinal (b) and inter-row (a) distance, as a function of the crop size of the crop.

The dimensions of the micro-limous platforms (15, F) of the moisture control units of woody plants (Fig. 1) are fulfilled according to the conditions of moisture distribution over the root horizons (Fig. 2) through the ratio of the dimensions of the orders. By introducing microlime devices of the second and next orders 15 ^/ (Figs. 1, 5, 9, 35, 38), the upper horizons of moisture distribution are humidified by thinning the “dry” mulching layer h ^/ and the layer of “unequal moistening h” (Fig. 2) the purpose of improving the development of surface root formation, according to the peculiarities of pedigree root deepening.

Theoretically, the correct location of blocks of areal soil coverings relative to the direction of slope 21 is considered to be the case when the directions of the axes of microlimans 22 ^// and the transverse axes of blocks 22 ^// coincide with the direction of slope 21 (Figs. 1, 5, 34). In practice (Fig. 5, 34, vector 21 is shown by a dotted line) this condition is satisfied with forced deviations γ ^/ (tolerances), for the reasons: 1) generalization of vector 21 of the sectional exposure of the slope, 2) straightforward articulation of blocks, 3) condition of the long side of 138 sections . The total deviation can reach ± (30 ° -40 °). High tolerance according to the invention is achieved due to the form of articulation of the rollers (left, right) at an angle of 90 °, which will make it possible to maneuver the placement conditions of the blocks in pre-installation situations of installation work. In all cases, when the angle of articulation of the rollers is not 90 ° (90 <α <90 °), the design qualities of the drainage micro-limous device are reduced (tolerance is reduced). Forcibly admitting errors in the rotation of the blocks across the slope to angles of 30–40 °, it should be borne in mind that the drain along the microliman then moves unevenly to the rollers (dotted line 21, Fig. 5). The unevenness is significant, reaching 1.6 times. However, this error is neglected due to the fact that the overflow of water into a given estuary from a neighboring microliman on the left is approximately equal to that in the next adjacent microliman on the right, so that the runoff volumes along the microlimans of the series ultimately remain relevant to their area.

The following drainage conditions for a flat smooth block surface are: storm intensity i ₁ (mm / min layer) and hydraulic slopes of drain vectors i (rains whose intensities exceed 0.5 mm / min are called showers). The heights of the rollers (1, 2), the dimensions of the drainage holes (5-6) and the water intake chambers (24-25) are adopted by the invention according to the maximum rainfall intensities of temperate and tropical climatic conditions. The most common dimensions of the slopes along the film surface lie in the range 0 ° -7 °. With significant rainfall, but sufficient slopes along the estuaries, there is no overload with the discharge of water into the ground. Therefore, the extreme value of the height of the rollers (N≈3 mm) was calculated from cases where i = 0 °, and the rainfall intensity was taken over the tropical zone, S≤8 mm / min. Then, according to a simplified diagram, the microliman is taken as a tank with a wide-threshold spillway adjacent to the upper pool of the hole device of FIG. 3, i.e. along the length of the folds (42) of the two flaps forming rapid flow in the water intake chamber 24. The fold of the upper concave flaps simultaneously increases the area of the hole for stationary provision of its ventilation function.

Calculations (table 2, p. 5) of the correspondence of the spillway flow rate Q ^// m ³ / min (gardens - 0.0011, gardens - 0.0014) to the flow rates Q ^/ m ³ / min (also 0.0011; 0.0014) high rainfall intensities were conducted according to well-known formulas:

where: m - flow coefficient (0.32)

δ ^/ is the width of the threshold (hole) of the spillway 42 ^/ (0.08 m of Fig. 3; 0.1 m of Fig. 8);

g = 9.81;

N - pressure on the spillway (height of the rollers 0,003 m);

F - the area of the microliman (garden block - 0.14 m ² , garden - 0.18 m ² );

S = 8 mm / min (storm intensity).

In cases where the bottom of the microlimans has a slope (towards the outlet node), the velocity of the runoff water along the bottoms will be more intense than at i = 0. Therefore, the likelihood of flooding of the rollers should be reduced and there is no need to increase the values of the parameters H, b ^/ , adopted for steady-state cases (an increase in the height of the rollers reduces the efficiency of manufacturing blocks). A value of H = 3 mm is sufficient to ensure the frame-strength functions of block roller systems.

An opening device 3 (FIG. 8) of nest-planted areal cultivation blocks of herbaceous plants of FIG. 5 and blocks of areal coverings for the cultivation of woody plants 3 ^/ (Fig. 1) have similarities. Holes of second-order microlimans 15 ^/ non-stop bivalve fig. 4, structurally and functionally identical in both variants (Figs. 1, 5) of plant cultivation. The openings of the first-order microlimans 15 are distinguished by their folding (Fig. 3, 8), sliding 189 (Fig. 3) flaps and slots 186, respectively, their landing, non-stop, and the spillway to the ventilation and water-receiving chambers 24 goes along the flaps tilted down to the center of the chambers. The non-stop flaps are constantly lowered, and the landing ones are held with a pin 27 (Fig. 8 ^/ ), they are tilted by thinning 9 ^/ around the perimeter of the hole.

The adjustment of the size of the nesting hole (Fig. 8) with a hairpin through the inclination of the wings is done primarily for the ventilation function, since the spillway hole size is usually smaller than the ventilation one. During periods of especially prolonged droughts and withering winds, the size of the holes can be reduced by various techniques. Skills for regulating apertures and moisture charges are gained in the process of using coatings, from knowledge of local features of precipitation.

The flow of sediment water through leaf cover blocks of soil cover ends with a drain into the ground water intake chambers (25, 26, 31, 63, 64) of the hole assemblies, which carry out: 1) filtration moisture absorption in planting and non-stop excavations, 2) crops, planting, 3) lighting, mulching , root development of seedlings, 4) stubble start of planting material (Fig. 8, 9, 12, 30). The shapes and dimensions of round (Fig. 3, 4, 8, 12) and linear (Fig. 9, 29) soil-receiving excavations are shown in close form (M≈1: 1) in graphic material. The manufacture of water-receiving recesses is done manually using crowbar 32 ^/ , trowel 32 ^// Fig. 8 ^/ or spoon, after laying the block through the casement opening of the hole.

The hole-shaped and shaft-shaped parts of the soil-receiving chambers (24, 25) of the first-order microliman hole assemblies serve to adapt the “soil differences” to the filtration features, transfer gravitational (flowing) water into capillary suspended water. The intensity of filtration and water loss with heavy mechanical composition of the soil (loam, clay) increase the volume of the chamber and adding sand. Deepening the shaft enhances the depth of moisture recharging and the development of a central vertical root during nesting of plants. The hole part of the excavation is filled with seed soil 30 and sand bedding 31 not completely, part of the volume at the top is left for storm water intake. Sand bed performs filtration and mulching functions (prevents the formation of a “crust”). Non-stop wells, 24 ^/ (FIG. 4) are preferably left hollow. Shafts of non-stop openings are filled with structured soil or other porous, well water-releasing (sand, sandy loam, peat) material. The extract for the mines of the landing chambers is characterized by the obligatory fertility. Hole devices, subdivided into folding 3, 3 ^/ , 34 (Fig. 3, 8, 10, 31, 32) and elastic folding 34, 53, 34 ^/ (Fig. 4, 12,) are distinguished by the fact that between the sash-frame thickening 8 ^/ and with a reversible frame thickening 8 ^/ the flap has a thinning strip 9 ^/ so the flaps can be freely folded to speed up work on the landing chamber. The resilient shutters do not have interframe thinning, so the shutters must be kept pressed when the chamber is opened. The thickening is performed in the form of flat rollers and the thinning is in the form of small grooves, mainly on the surface side of the film, so as not to violate the barriers with uniform flow movement to the hole 6.

Linear aperture devices 34 (Fig. 9, 10) are composed of leaves 40, are distinguished by the peculiarity of their designs, perform: horizontal planting (i.e., proximity of stems in a row up to 10-5 cm), increase of irrigation and mulching functions, combination of folding with curvature (42) of leaflets, for automatics of stem passage.

Separation of culverts 6 from the longitudinal illuminating stem (38) improves seed germination. The bending of the wings 42 above the landing chamber 26 increases the volume of the chamber, the influx of light and heat to the shoots (improvement of the microclimate). By means of leaf sections 41 of the first and second orders, as well as by lengthening the valves, not only the stem pass, but also the root tops of the roots, for example, beets, carrots, are reached. To ensure uniform flow to the landing line along the edges of the strip of the hole device, the following were made: a strip plate-like leveling thickening 43 (0.5 mm) 8 ^/ , a roll line 2 with jumpers 44, and spur rollers 7 along the upper head.

The catchment area of the "transverse-declining drain strip" 35 (width h ₁ , Fig. 9, 37) is divided by a through roller (1 ^/ ) of the microliminal chain into

two bands, the central root h ₁ ^/ (37) and the inter-row charging h ₁ ^// (36), according to the conditions of the relations: 2a ^/ = a, 2h ₁ ^// ≈h ^/ , h ₁ ^/ : h ₁ ^// = h ₁ ^/ : (d + d ^/ ), FIG. 9; 3h ^/ ≈h ^// (Fig. 2). Constructive techniques allow to increase the water inflow to the planting line (38) due to the second-order microliminal moisture intake (38) by decreasing h ₁ ^// , relative to h ₁ ^/ and increasing d (Fig. 9). When executing blocks having a ≤ 22 cm, the shape of the roller chain is adopted according to FIG. 9 (37), and at a≥20 cm, the inter-row linear-estuary chain moisture charging loses its usefulness, therefore, it is excluded.

The most small-stem crops, including garden crops - parsley, dill, radish, are known to allow a decrease in row spacing (a) to 10 cm.In this case, the distance between plants is extremely close and shorter than row spacing (b <a). Medium-sized herbaceous plants, for example, buckwheat (a <40 cm), beans, beans (a <30 cm), are also planted strictly. Therefore, the block variant for row cultivation of plants (Fig. 9) is manufactured assortment-serial in the range of row spacing differences, for example from 10 to 40 cm. Then, with a gradation step of 5 cm, it is necessary to produce a row planting variant in 6 stages of row spacing sub-options (a), 10-15-20-25-30-35 cm. For the cultivation of root crops (carrots, beets, radishes), the generally accepted option (Fig. 9) of the strip width (6 cm) of the linearly sash opening device 34 is expanded commensurate with the diameters of large roots (for example before 10 cm), then the necessary part of the steps of the interval 20≤a≤35 cm is made in two dimensions of the strip width 6-10 cm

Coarse herbaceous plants, for example, tomatoes, cabbage, and part of the medium-sized (pepper, eggplant, flower), are cultivated using nesting blocks of FIG. 5 (35-40) in the range of row-spacing dimensions according to a variant, for example, 40≤a≤70 cm, and a gradation step of 10 cm. That is, the assortment consists of four dimensions by the row spacing (a). In this case, one can adhere to one generalizing condition, the constancy of the relations a: b = 3: 2, according to FIG. 5, or two complementary ratios that increase the product range to 12 steps. With a: b = 1: 1, the placement of plants is “square-nested” in FIG. 40, and with a: b = 2: 1, close to lowercase (Fig. 36).

Woody plants, as you know, have primary goals of cultivation, economic and ecological forest reclamation. The horticultural industry, as you know, can successfully develop in areas of sufficient moisture, or on irrigation. Protective forest reclamation is used in arid steppe conditions. However, planting material does not take root well here, and trees that begin to grow up die at an early age (10-20 years) from a lack of moisture.

According to the invention, by combining linear and areal options for film soil coverings, it is possible to successfully grow gardens and forest belts not only in steppe climatic conditions (400-600 mm of rainfall), but according to calculations and in semi-desert conditions, at 250-350 mm of annual rainfall, by the same as for herbaceous plants, a radical reduction in the unproductive evaporation of moisture by ground cover (E ₂ ) and weeds (Q ³ ). The confirmation is as follows. If, according to the water balance equation (1), we have in the conditions of wet steppes (forest-steppes) for the annual moisture consumption E ₁ ^/ = SE ₂ -Q ₁ -Q ₂ -E ₁ ^// = 600-600 * 0.4 × 60 × 60 -60 = 180 mm (productive part), then according to the half-sheet, when applying black-film soil coatings we get the same, E ₁ ^/ = 230-230 * 0.1-10-10-10 = 180 mm; without film soil coatings E ₁ ^/ = 230-230 * 0.5-10-10-35 = 60 mm; and comparatively, for dry steppe conditions, we have E ₁ ^/ = 400-400 * 0.15-20-20-50 = 250 mm. Approximate comparative calculated data on the productive moisture consumption (E ₁ ^/ ) indicate that the proposed sediment-collecting moisture control is semi-desert

the moisture supply of the stands (180 mm) by the invention approaches the conditions of wet steppes (180 mm), and the dry-steppe (250 mm) is superior to the moisture-steppe.

и они тогда сочленяются по ряду фиг. 16, 16^/ посредством полос перекрытий (с^/) фиг. 11, а при, например б>2,2 м, блоки не сочленяют, размещение становится по ряду раздельным (фиг. 17).Perennial root-stem development, with a variety of planting forms of crops, necessitates the introduction of methods for transforming plant water supplies during periods of planting maintenance. Therefore, for the engraftment of stands of forest belt and other plantings in dry conditions, as well as the complete cultivation of closely spaced alpine trellis and berry orchards, the invention developed a system of linear block (Fig. 11, 12, 16-17 ^/ ) moisture-regulating additionally-covered film soil coverings. In contrast to areal, in linear coverings, the seats are combined with the drainage holes 53, and a separate block is confined to each tree-growing individual of a number. Therefore, with the close arrangement of trees in rows, for example, b <2 m, the length (equal to the width) of the blocks can be taken as

and they then articulate in a series of FIGS. 16, 16 ^/ by means of overlapping bands (c ^/ ) of FIG. 11, and when, for example, b> 2.2 m, the blocks do not articulate, the placement becomes separate in a row (Fig. 17).

The block element of the linear soil cover (Fig. 11) for strengthening the centrally vertically root, and predominantly early-age moisture recharge, is made of two parts - a truncated pyramidal hole 49 and a flat “domernoy” (moisture-adding) section 50. The base lines of the pyramid 49 ^/ , 49 ^// they border the hole formed by the four faces 52 of the pyramid, and in the plane of truncation 53 there is placed a wing-sliding water-loading and landing opening device 53 receiving from the faces (Fig. 12). The functions of the opening device are complemented by the detachable design of the mounting edge 52 ^/ (Fig. 11), made by means of the ribbing strips of the connecting overlays 55, push-button fasteners 56, coupler-roller borders of the edge 57 and the barrel frame opening 57 ^/ . The listed accessories are used for laying seedlings, or seedlings in blocks mounted in advance along the route and for dismantling the blocks after the expiration of service cycles. Landing work is carried out without violating the initial fastening of blocks on the highway. The block is fixed by digging into the soil of the frame fixing strips 59 of the block body (Fig. 11). Seed and cuttings planting is carried out directly through the circular round opening 53 (Fig. 12). The square body of the hole 53 (8 ^/ ) carries the leaves 4 automatically sliding away from the age-related increase in the diameter 81, 81 ^{/ of the} trunk (Fig. 12). The shape of the valves is curved (section AA), with a transverse thickening 82 to increase elasticity.

The domer portion of block 50 is aligned with the leveled soil surface 71 (Fig. 11, 150 mainly without bulk 62 ^/ (Fig. 15, 13) and recesses 62 (Fig. 15 ^// ). The hole (edge) part of the block surface is combined with the ground surface recesses 62 (Fig. 11, 12, 15 ^/ ) when mounting the strip (using a template) and after laying the planting material.

Steadily 21, the orientation position of the sides of the linear soil-covering blocks depends on the need to locate the domain block portion 50 of the block at a higher elevation than the hole device 49. To provide this and other conditions, the invention proposes the following (sub-variant) forms of block joints in linear coatings:

1. the full-length short-articulation of FIG. 16;

2. The full-length articulation of FIG. 16 ^/ ;

3. the non-joint equidistant equally oriented FIG. 17, and the misoriented FIG. 17 ^/ .

The first option is used in cases where the direction of the strip (174) of soil cover (also of the long side) is close to the direction of the slope (175), for example, ϕ≤30 °; the second (Fig. 16 ^/ ), when the strip passes in the transverse direction to the slope (176, ϕ≤30 °); the third is necessary when the length of the block (S) is shorter than the ordinal step (δ) of the landing (S <δ), while the turns of the blocks along the strip equal to 17, or multidirectional 17 ^/ . The order partitioning of the blocks is due to the fact that at S about 2.5 m, compactness is lost and waterlogging is possible. A sub-option of long-sided articulation of blocks allows the use of linear soil coverings for orderly approximate (“lowercase”) plant arrangements, for example, when δ≤1.0 m (shrubs, vineyards, palmettes). It is known that shelterbelts are supposed to be placed along the slope, with early-age double order thickening, in this case the first form of articulation of blocks is acceptable when, for example, 2.5>δ> 1.3 m. As horizontal roots grow in large-wood plantings, film-based ground cover water regulation is transferred from an engraftable linear (short-sided joint), to the areal tree-growing fig. 1, 24. And in closely spaced plantations, for example, when a <2 m, the bands of linear soil coverings are used stationary (do not harvest after the engraftment period) over the full life time of the plant species, while the bands are joined inter-row without overlap, using mounting tape 111 ^/ ( Fig. 24, 26).

величина угла β (76) зависит от поблочной глубины лунки (h) 79 и ширины полосы почвопокрытия

вычисляется по формуле

(где Δ^/ - диаметр отверстия), при

Δ^/=10, h^/=6 см, получим β≈8°. При продольном угле наклона склона по трассе

(β≈8°), Δ=2°, это допуск. Заглубление корневой шейки 6 см (h^/) (при диаметре лунки 100 см) не приносит вреда древесному растению, считается допустимым, и в ряде случаев полезным до 10-15 см (А. Драгавцев «Южное плодоводство» стр. 276, Москва, «Колос», 1970 г.)The faces of the hole device have the following differences: the upper one on the slope receives the runoff from the domestic part, the lower one on the slope should not be open for water leakage from the unit, lateral leaks close the frame 57 (49 ^/ ) rollers and soil fillings (61 ^/ ). A leak from the lower-side face is completely closed, preventing the occurrence of a “reverse (-Δ) slope” along the edge (Figs. 13, 14, 15 ^// ), which is detected by the level and eliminated during block laying. According to the vertical sections (Fig.14, 15-15 ^// )

the angle β (76) depends on the block depth of the hole (h) 79 and the width of the soil cover band

calculated by the formula

(where Δ ^/ is the diameter of the hole), when

Δ ^/ = 10, h ^/ = 6 cm, we obtain β≈8 °. With a longitudinal slope of the slope along the track

(β≈8 °), Δ = 2 °, this is the tolerance. A deepening of the root neck of 6 cm (h ^/ ) (with a hole diameter of 100 cm) does not harm the woody plant, is considered permissible, and in some cases useful up to 10-15 cm (A. Dragavtsev “Southern Fruit Growing” p. 276, Moscow, “ Kolos ", 1970)

To provide moisture to the radially horizontal development of root formation, the wells of linear soil coverings are equipped with double-wing non-stop water-discharge opening devices 5 along edge (Fig. 11) surfaces and, if necessary, in 50 domer sites, mainly in close-row plantings.

целесообразно изготовлять от следующих значений:Subvariant assortment of linear soil cover option for gradation of the values of the main parameters h,

It is advisable to produce from the following values:

1. h in two steps, 4 and 6 cm;

по диапазону 60-100 см, через шаг 20 см, дает 3 ступени;2.

over a range of 60-100 cm, through a step of 20 cm, gives 3 steps;

) в диапазоне 30-120 см, через шаг 30 см, получим 4 значения.3. along the length of the domer part (

) in the range of 30-120 cm, through a step of 30 cm, we get 4 values.

In total, in the assortment of the linear variant we get 2 * 3 * 4 = 24 sub-options.

Especially effective is the use of linear soil coverings in the engraftment of planting material, and mainly for protective forest belts. Therefore, protection of the soil itself by the “uphill ditch” 62 is mandatory here (Fig. 11, transverse profile of the BB). In this case, the runoff from the overlying slope is collected by the shaft 62 ^/ , and from the adjacent slope, by a gentle slope 21 into the ditch 62. The small angle of the runoff approach to the strip reduces the risk of destruction of the soil cover. Along the correct placement of the strip coating reduces the need to raise the edge of the strip with bedding of soil 62 ^/ (Fig. 13), to prevent transverse water leaks from -Δ (Fig. 14).

To speed up the process of planting work, the regulation of deepening along h ^/ , and the inclination of the face by the tolerance + Δ, the articulation of the hole and domer parts of block 49 ^{// is} made rigid, according to the condition γ = 180 ° (Fig. 15 ^/ ). Compliance is checked by applying the edge of the ruler to the axial straight line of the points of zero work 0, 0 ^/ , 0 ^// . The decrease in the angle γ (γ <180 °) of FIG. 15 ^// gives an increase in h ^/ , Δ, and the number of earthworks. For γ> 180 °, FIG. 15 decreases the reverse slope (Δ).

In a sub-variant of the long-sided articulation of the blocks of FIG. 16 ^/ open on the lower side face 52 ^// perform detachable (according to the model 52 ^/ Fig. 11), and the articulation through the overlap with ^/ .

A sub-variant of the misalignment arrangement of blocks 17 ^{/ is} used over a finely intersected relief of a frequently varying exposure of slopes, for example, finely hummified humus (“chip”) sands, landslide slopes. Equally oriented partitioned placement (Fig. 17) is mainly used in gardening.

With prolonged excessive soil moistening, waterlogging processes occur that do not allow farming. Famous, traditionally drainage systems of engineering structures improve the water regime of wetlands and waterlogged lands.

According to the invention, the water-drainage drainage options of the blocks (Fig. 18, 19, 18 ^/ , 19 ^/ ; table 1, columns 2, 3) of the film soil coverings are equipped with sections (B) of the site (Fig. 20) steadily through the water drainage strips (plan, Fig. .22 ^// to table 2), which discharge the excess part of the sediment water from the working sections 88 into the transverse trays 89 and then into the sectional container 91. The collected volume of water is stored mainly for irrigation of the plot in drought by means of a pressure tank 91 ^/ , or 98 in roadside drainage trays 95. The given example (f 20 g) represents the occurrence of the ability to apply pellicular drainage pochvopokrytiya and independently, and the working portions of the existing drainage reclamation systems (already comprising drain and drainage network elements).

Dividing the block surface into a drainage 83 and producing 84 additionally makes it possible to combine the solution of weather-related water management problems with long-term measures to increase soil fertility. For example, humification by the improvement of water-air regimes, erosion protection of steep slopes from intensive precipitation.

, s, определен аналитически подвариантный блочный ассортимент (графа 3) для степеней осушения К% (графа 13), по шагу градации 10%. Величина влагорегуляционного воздействия приема водоотбора вычисляется по формуле

где, К - «коэффициент водоотбора» (отношение ширины водоотборной полосы к совокупной). Например, при В=а,

(фиг. 18). При

(фиг. 19).To solve a set of tasks by soil coverings, drainage, plant growing, and to comply with the economic requirement of accelerating work with block compactness, the invention developed a variant gradation of dimensions of block elements in table 1. Moreover, by setting values of B, P (column 8, 9) from dimensions a, a ^/ , a ^// ,

, s, an analytically subvariant block assortment is defined (column 3) for the degrees of drainage K% (column 13), with a gradation step of 10%. The magnitude of the moisture control effect of the intake is calculated by the formula

where, K - "coefficient of water withdrawal" (the ratio of the width of the water intake to the total). For example, when B = a,

(Fig. 18). At

(Fig. 19).

The applicability of the varied assortment (column 3) of drainage drainage block constructions depends on a combination of cause and effect factors: waterlogging of drainage objects, biological characteristics of cultivated crops, local features of precipitation.

принята расчетно условно (таблица 1, графа 15) в границах 127-203 см, вычисляется согласно формул:

(фиг. 18, 18^/, 19^/),

(фиг. 19). Компактность блочной длины (S) принята (графа 14, S=nδ+C+e) в двух размерностях, в границах 185 (205)-215(245) см, согласно диапазона (30-60 см) и повариантной переменности (10-5 см) порядового шага посадочных мест (смотри -δ, графа 16, фиг. 18, 19, строка 4, 8).Compact width of blocks

taken conditionally (table 1, column 15) within 127-203 cm, calculated according to the formulas:

(Fig. 18, 18 ^/ , 19 ^/ ),

(Fig. 19). The compactness of the block length (S) is accepted (column 14, S = nδ + C + e) in two dimensions, within 185 (205) -215 (245) cm, according to the range (30-60 cm) and variability (10- 5 cm) of the ordinal pitch of the seats (see -δ, column 16, Fig. 18, 19, line 4, 8).

фиг. 20^//) сквозной полосы ограничены условиями. Минимум ширины (43 см) и максимум длины, например 20 м, ограничиваются удобствами пеших перемещений по сборке урожая. А максимум ширины (68 см) зависит от условия компактности блочного листа и недопустимости разрежения посевов за счет увеличения придорожного междурядия (а^/≤105 см). Как следствие, водоотбор условия к≥70% добирают компенсационно блоками варианта -1 (таблица 1) в невегетационные промежутки времени, и увеличением фиторасхода влаги (Е^/, формула 1) за счет крупностебельности возделываемых культур. Освещенность растений дополнительно повышается за счет пространства полос водоотбора (В).The work site drainage strip 83 (Fig. 20 ^// , 20) of options for drainage of crop coverings is a distinctive node, is composed of block segments 83, combines functional and constructive solutions. Collecting and transporting a watercourse, the strip also serves as a path for cultivating plants, therefore, the dimensions of the width (B), for example, 43≤V <68 cm (table 1) and length (

FIG. 20 ^// ) the end-to-end strip is limited by conditions. The minimum width (43 cm) and maximum length, for example 20 m, are limited by the comforts of walking along the harvest. And the maximum width (68 cm) depends on the compactness of the block sheet and the inadmissibility of rarefaction of crops due to an increase in roadside row spacing (a ^/ ≤105 cm). As a result, water withdrawal conditions of ≥70% are obtained by compensatory blocks of option -1 (table 1) at non-vegetative periods of time, and by an increase in the phyto-consumption of moisture (E ^/ , formula 1) due to the large-growing crops. The illumination of plants is further enhanced by the space of the water strips (B).

Track use of the water intake strip required an increase in the strength of her body with a net of transverse (8) ^/ and longitudinal basement strips (8) thickenings. The strength of the longitudinal stripes of the mesh is supplemented by 2 ^/ (2 mm high) channel rollers, which divide small flows into parts to reduce leakages from possible punctures. The thickness of the mesh strips is up to 0.5 mm, the width is up to 6 mm. The film thickness of the strip body is about 0.3 mm.

таблица 2, графа 6). При установившемся течении и отсутствии перелива через гребни валиков должны соблюдаться условия Q^/≤Q₁ ^//, Q^/≤Q^// (графы 6, 19, 20); где:

W=BN (графа 8, строка 6). Условия выполняют подбором конечных значений Н^/, Н (графы 7, 22) под величины S^/ (таблица 2, графа 5).The water intake strip (FIG. 20 ^// ) is bounded on three sides by side rollers (85, 85 ^// , 85 ^/ ) of FIG. 18 is hydrotechnically a flat-bottomed tray, or a tank, if the slopes of the bottom are negligible (table 2, line 6, column 5). In each case, water should only drain into the district tray 89 (Fig. 20), since the upper pool head on the last block is closed by a roller 85 ^/ . As a result, for all tilts of the bottoms (i≥0), the flow of water along the lower pool should equal the arrival of rainwater to the strip (

table 2, column 6). With a steady flow and no overflow through the ridges of the rollers, the conditions Q ^/ ≤Q ₁ ^// , Q ^/ ≤Q ^// must be observed (columns 6, 19, 20); Where:

W = BN (column 8, line 6). The conditions are fulfilled by selecting the final values of H ^/ , H (columns 7, 22) for the values of S ^/ (table 2, column 5).

The invention determines the magnitude of the maximum rainfall intensity (S ^// ) in the European part of Russia by means of the formula G.A. Alekseeva (“Hydrology and Hydrometry.” I. A. Kuznik. “Spike.” Moscow. 1968), S = A + BlgN; where A and B are geographical parameters determined by contour maps (p. 32-35). When A = 5, B = 5, N = 2 (N - repeatability is likely 1 time in 2 years), S ^// = 5 + 5 × 0.3 = 6 mm / min (column 5, table 2), and the force tropical showers are considered to be 2-3 times more intense, therefore, for example, we have S ^// _pr = 15 mm / s (column 5). For district trays 89, the value of N is overestimated to 5-10 units, as for light structures, to increase the protection of soil cover from damage by the formation of unregulated intramassive flows.

Hollow side rollers, in addition to the purpose of molding the cross-section of the water intake flow (W = BH), have additional goals: 1) to carry 86 holes (1 × 7 mm, Fig. 18) by the outer walls of the air ducts, 2) to make cross-tie gaffer, with an additional channel deepening. Other significant goals: 1) the vertical compactness of the block sheets is ensured by the fact that the root part of the roller 85 (- hollow) is supplemented with tape extensions 86 ^/ in two dimensions (3 and 6 mm); 2) the full working height of the roller N (Fig. 20 ^/ ) is made up of a total stationary (6 mm) and setting-objective, common for all options, with the possibility of increasing to 9-12 mm, depending on the characteristics of local rainfall intensities (Fig. 20 ^/ ) . In addition, according to the examples of the overview calculation data of Table 2, the roller coaxiality in combination with the low-cost reverse trans-spraying technique (Fig. 20 ^/ , column 14, table 2), allow for the operation of the drainage strips of the drainage soil coverings, in one for all cases, the gradation range 3≤ Н≤12 mm, both for moderate conditions (line 5) and tropical rainfall conditions (lines 3, 4), without increasing variant differentiation from airborne rollers, table 1 of column 3, through a sub-selection method (table 2 columns 1, 5, 6, 14, 21), by entering the planning slope i ₂ . The segments of the tape extension 86 ^/ can have a length of 3-5 m, they are connected together by an overlap, the shape of the device and the fasteners with clamping fasteners 87, 87 ^/ are shown in sections of FIG. eighteen.

(фиг 20^//)Alternative to the mentor 85, the design of the folding 85 ^// variant (Fig. 18) of the roller translates the three-dimensionality of the product into a convenient sheet state for transportation and storage conditions. Yielding to the installation time, the canvases of collapsible coatings acquire advantages: 1) the need for soil tracing of FIG. 20 ^// increase in the parameter H (for example, up to 15 cm); 2) increase in the total costs Q ^// , (Fig. 20 ^/ ) from the site of the drainage lengths

(fig 20 ^// )

S^/(a), i для ситуаций практического использования водоотборных вариантов изобретения. Ливневые интенсивности взяты в средних значениях (а) фиг. 20^//, (график параметра (а) (смотреть выше приведенную публикацию). Градация ливнеинтенсивностей, таблица 3, графа 6, принята в значениях 2, 4, 6, 8 мм/мин. Ливни, со средней интенсивностью более 2 мм/мин, график, (фиг. 20^//) имеют относительно малые продолжительности (до 40 мин) и суммы осадков, выпадают редко. При этом возможные утечки стоковых вод с полос водоотбора используются во влагозарядке смежествующих продуцирующих полос 84.In tables 2, 3, the heights of the side rollers are determined by means of the equations of the implicit function (by the approximation method) of constant parameters

S ^/ (a), i for situations of practical use of water withdrawal variants of the invention. Storm intensities are taken in average values (a) of FIG. 20 ^// , (graph of parameter (a) (see publication above). Grade of shower intensities, table 3, column 6, taken in the values 2, 4, 6, 8 mm / min. Showers, with an average intensity of more than 2 mm / min , graph, (Fig. 20 ^// ) have relatively short durations (up to 40 minutes) and the amount of precipitation rarely occurs, while possible leakage of runoff water from the water strips is used in the recharging of adjacent producing bands 84.

The calculations of the data in table 3 are performed using the formulas:

методом подборных приближений. Формулы выведены из вышеприведенных известных уравнений гидравлики, содержат для ускорения вычислений сокращения на малые Н, а использование формул гидравлики общего назначения для специфики изобретения автором предпринято в обзорных целях. Для производственных требований необходимо первым заводом изготовителем блоков водоотборных вариантов почвопокрытий проделать определение экспериментальных значений величин Н^;. Используя предлагаемую изобретением опытную установку фиг. 44 и форму таблицы 3, (фиг. 45)

by the method of selective approximations. The formulas are derived from the above known equations of hydraulics, contain to speed up the calculation of the reduction by small N, and the use of general-purpose hydraulics formulas for the specifics of the invention is undertaken by the author for review purposes. For production requirements, it is necessary that the first factory manufacturer of blocks of water sampling options for soil coverings do the determination of experimental values of H ^; . Using the experimental setup of FIG. 44 and the form of table 3, (Fig. 45)

The pilot installation is quite simple. It can be made and used under the guidance of a specialist in hydraulic engineering. The installation diagram is given by the application, includes the following components and parts (Fig. 44):

) и водомерными шкалами глубины, потока (Н)2, через 1 м по периметру бортиков 85, высотой около 20 мм. 2. Десять сдвоенных бетонируемых швелерных металлических опор 3, четыре пары с выдвижными головками 4^/ деревянных чурок 4, крепящихся хомутиком 5 к швеллеру, с мерными шкалами 12 для значений превышений h на чурках, пятая пара (нижнебьефная) несет шарнир 6 оси вращения плоскости водоотборной полосы относительно ее горизонтального положения, для установки угла наклона плоскости i (изменениями стоечной конструкции число опорных рядов можно сократить до одного, так как ширина полосы относительно мала,

таблица 1). 3. Дифференцированный помост 7. Включает самостоятельную укладку плоскостей его прямоугольных частей, «створок» 7^/, по расчетным отметкам выдвижных головок 4^/ опор. Плоскости створок выполнены из спаренных отрезков угловых профилей, связанных решеткой металлических прутьев. Точность укладки створок относительно оси помоста 0.2 мм, проверяется натянутой струной. Расчленение вызвано опасностью прогиба от тяжести. 4. Над каждой створкой устанавливается ливнеимитирующее устройство, состоящее из напорного бака 8 и четырех-пяти трубной 9 капельно-струйной дождевалки. Имитационные ливнеинтенсивности (S) задаются отметкой 10 постоянного уровня воды в баке, так же числом трубок и диаметрами отверстий. 5. Система мерных устройств включает: счетчики на водонапорных баках и водомерном нижнебьефном 11.1. Plastic model of the water intake strip 83 up to 16-20 m long, one-piece glued together, with removable roller bridges of channel 1 (85 ^/ ) (through

) and water-measuring scales of depth, flow (Н) 2, after 1 m along the perimeter of the sides 85, about 20 mm high. 2. Ten double concreted channel channel metal supports 3, four pairs with extendable heads 4 ^/ wooden chocks 4, fastened with a clamp 5 to the channel, with graduated scales 12 for the values of excess h on the chocks, the fifth pair (downstream) carries a hinge 6 of the rotation axis of the water intake plane strip relative to its horizontal position, to set the angle of inclination of the plane i (changes in the rack structure, the number of support rows can be reduced to one, since the width of the strip is relatively small,

Table 1). 3. Differentiated platform 7. Includes self-laying of the planes of its rectangular parts, “wings” 7 ^/ , according to the estimated marks of the sliding heads 4 ^/ supports. The plane of the valves is made of paired segments of angular profiles connected by a lattice of metal rods. The accuracy of laying the flaps relative to the axis of the platform 0.2 mm, is checked by a stretched string. The dismemberment is caused by the danger of deflection from gravity. 4. A rain-simulating device consisting of a pressure tank 8 and four to five pipe 9 drip-jet sprinklers is installed above each leaf. Simulated rainfall intensities (S) are set at 10 constant water level in the tank, as well as the number of tubes and hole diameters. 5. The system of measuring devices includes: counters on water tanks and water-measuring low-water 11.

таблицы 3 по разнообразию особенностей выпадения ливневых осадков, их градации графы 6,7. На каждое из градационных значений уклона i, кроме i=0, определяются монтажные превышения h высот стыков створок от

(строки 2, 6, 10, 14; графы 16, 17, 18, таблицы 3). По каждому из четырех напорных баков опытно определяется шкала уровней воды по обеспечению иммитационных ливнеинтенсивностей градаций a, S^//. Поддержание напорных уровней ведется постоянством размерности водоподачи в бак. Съемочной перемычкой 1 (85^/) русла закрывается обратный сток по верхнему бьефу по каждому поочередно испытываемому по длине

участку полосы, перестановками из первого 5-и метрового положения к последнему 20-ти метровому. Валик перемычка ставится временно приклейкой скотчем. Запись данных шкал глубины 2 ведется в дополнительной таблице, для изучения особенностей потока и выборки максимальной Н^/ на звенья значений в таблице 3. Общую последовательность ведения работ поясняют, форма таблицы 3 и схема конструкции опытной установки фиг. 44.The bases of the supports 3 are concreted 12 ^/ with the same level of channel heads, zero points of the support scales, using level and string. After laying the wings (7) of the platform on the supports and shrinkage of the supports, the joints of the wings are leveled to set the "places of zeros" of the scales of the support chocks from a higher rack, i.e. installation of heads on one mark, and the total plane of the platform in a horizontal position. On this, the installation is considered ready for operation, i.e. the determination of the experimental values of the height of the rollers N on a combination of the initial values

table 3 on the variety of features of rainfall, their gradation columns 6.7. For each of the gradation values of the slope i, except for i = 0, the installation excesses h of the heights of the flap joints from

(lines 2, 6, 10, 14; columns 16, 17, 18, table 3). For each of the four pressure tanks, a scale of water levels is experimentally determined to ensure the simulation of shower intensities of the gradations a, S ^// . Maintenance of pressure levels is carried out by the constancy of the dimension of the water supply to the tank. With the jumper 1 (85 ^/ ) of the channel, the return flow along the upper pool is closed for each alternately tested along the length

section of the strip, by permutations from the first 5-meter position to the last 20-meter. The roller jumper is put temporarily by gluing with tape. Data recording of depth scales 2 is carried out in an additional table, for studying the flow characteristics and sampling the maximum N ^{/ a} for the links of values in table 3. The general sequence of operations is explained, the form of table 3 and the design scheme of the pilot plant of FIG. 44.

The concept of "mulching" according to the invention is ambiguous. It consists, firstly, of the reduction by the film body of physical evaporation from the soil surface, its isolation from draining wind flows, and secondly, of measures to create and preserve (through dryness) the friability of the upper soil layer (Fig. 2), for example, 10 cm thick.

The invention, the second function is the preservation of friability through the dryness of the soil surface is associated with the found ability to transport sub-film vapor-condensation water (155, 142, 147, 164, 148 of Fig. 29, 41) pointwise (Fig. 2) in the soil horizon of the root habitat. The task of streamlining “atmirrigation”, dividing it into a controlled “film vapor condensation” and natural intra-soil, is solved by the device proposed by the invention, “mesh-frame roof-block block film-vapor condensation web” 141 (Fig. 29, 28, 32). Description of the design and conditions of the application options of the proposed device in the following. Film night coverings separate the soil air warmed up during the day of humidification from radiation cooling cold atmospheric air. The differentiation between the film of the temperature difference between the outer surface of the soil cover and the soil continues from the evening until the new morning heating of the film by the sun. During this night-time interval of the “dew points”, the vapor contained in the sub-film air, continuously saturating, condenses on the film 155, 142 (Fig. 29) in the form of droplets that merge and flow down suspended trickles in the direction of the slope under the influence of gravity. This is a natural phenomenon (the analogy is the observed formations and runoff of water on the glass lid of the pan), which occurs under the ground cover, is a component of atmirrigation. Which, however, in an unregulated form does not benefit, but harm, since when meeting with underlying soil particles, water wetting the top layer closes the film with the soil. “Swimming” does not dry out for a long time, and the mud formations from walking on clay and loamy soils exacerbate their air regime.

According to the invention, the linear elements (142, 142 ^/ , 147 of FIG. 29, 32) of the mesh-frame webs 141 (FIG. 28, 29, 30, 32) have an economical rail profile (142, 142 ^/ ), and the active film surfaces are separated water blocks from the soil surface, form volumetric ventilation and areal gutter drainage axillary condensation dimensions, collect and move microtrains 144 moisture to the points of point water distribution 148, 161, 163.

The non-sagging of the “pillow” base 153 (Fig. 29) of the support grid posts 151 into the ground depends on the dimensions of the width of the base (for example, within 4-5 mm) and the length of the cell sides, is determined experimentally by walking, taking into account soil properties and the use of additional measures (knurls, plastic small-mesh linings, safety shoes, movement boards 18, 19 ...). The height of the support posts 151 and the sides 150 (with a gap e) of the hole 146 communicating micro-trays 144, set the moisture-consuming dimensions. Subfilm areal runoff collection is carried out by means of: cell-by-cell 144 and cross-dividing 147 (Fig. 29) microholes, “decoupling devices” 145, 145, 164 two-way water intake, landing 161, 163 (Fig. 32) and non-stop 148 (Fig. 29) combined hole devices.

For conditions of sandy and sandy loamy soils, and where the film-irrigation balance component (K) is negligible, block-by-piece irrigation equipment is excluded, and on difficult soils (clay, loamy), less complex, “mulch-track meshes” are retained (Fig. 28, 30), which do not have trays 142 ^/ (Fig. 29).

по клетке ограничено (фиг. 41, разрез АА) необходимостью зазора (е) для прохождения капли (е>1,5 мм) и рядом других затратных условий. Поэтому изобритением предлагается покрытие внутренней поверхности площади стокосбора 155, 184 (ББ Фиг. 41) рифлением 185 (ББ) образующим достаточный «микролоточно руслословий сток» при менее выраженных уклонах относительно подвешенного плоскостного каплевого. Для этого межребровые промежутки (185^/) Фиг. 41 должны быть существенно меньше диаметра основания капельного натека. Для определения оптимальных соотношений рифлевочных размерностей заводом изготовителем следует произвести испытательские работы по крышечному устройству (184) на частоту рифлений. Для пропуска водоосадков и воздуха винтеляции в нижнем бьефе крышующей площадки задано отверстие 183, диаметром около 1-2 мм.The diagonal arrangement of grid squares in the vapor condensing devices 141 (Fig. 29) has a constructive focus. In the case of diagonal orientation, two of the sides of the cell work collectively, and in the case of parallel alignment, one side. Another, especially significant requirement of the drip-hung stock collection is the maximum required slope (m≈0.1-00.5) of the “roofing pads” 184 (Fig. 41), of the vapor-condensing film elements of the block web. A condition is achieved by taking total combinations of three possibilities (Fig. 43): 1 Using a natural bias (m ₀ ); 2) the value of m ₂ (in the presence of "block-irrigation sloping cover" 182) cell-by-cell (Fig. 41) inclination; 3) the completion of the set of the total slope (if necessary) by the reception of the excavation-bulk (m ₁ ), "reverse terracing" of FIG. 32, sections A ^/ A ^/ , BB, fragments 1, 2 (analogy with the drainage option). Increase in value

the cell is limited (Fig. 41, section AA) by the need for a gap (e) for the passage of the droplet (e> 1.5 mm) and a number of other costly conditions. Therefore, the United Kingdom proposes coating the inner surface of the drainage area 155, 184 (BB Fig. 41) with a corrugation 185 (BB) forming a sufficient "micro-channel channeling runoff" with less pronounced deviations relative to the suspended planar drop. For this, the intercostal spaces (185 ^/ ) of FIG. 41 should be significantly smaller than the diameter of the base drip sag. To determine the optimal ratios of corrugation dimensions, the manufacturer should carry out test work on the lid device (184) for the frequency of corrugations. A hole 183 with a diameter of about 1-2 mm was set to pass waterfalls and vintelation air in the lower pool of the roofing area.

The design presented in fragment 3 (Fig. 32) is proposed for semi-deserts (precipitation of about 150-250 mm) where the moisture supply of agricultural plants corresponds to 30%. Here, the moisture intake must necessarily add up (S ₁ = S + K) from combinations of sedimentary and atmospheric components, which individually do not guarantee a sufficiently complete moisture supply to agriculture. Therefore, there is a need to introduce at the inventive step the above development, “mesh-frame film-vapor condensation web” (Fig. 29) by the condition of the complementary moisture intake (K) for semi-deserts (fragment 3, Fig. 32). The intermediate zoning half-desert variant of blocks considered differs from the adjacent variants by the following features: 1) sticking of the rollers, transverse to the row of row separation 169 and longitudinal row separation of 170 (Fig. 32), 2) six-winged landing 163 and three 162, or four 165 folds of non-stop spillways, 3) the ability to equip sedimentary strips of both orders with vapor condensation 141 and track 141 ^/ nets; 4) increased productivity, in particular repeated sowing, for account of weather conditions (cloudiness, cloudlessness) of the moisture intake.

Blocks of desert options for soil coverings differ: 1) single-row (Fig. 32, fragment 2, section BB), or two-row (fragment 1, section A ^/ A ^/ ) seats 161; 2) constructions of block-closed stormwater drainage (Fig. 28, sections B ^/ B ^// , B ^// B ^// ); 3) by setting the predictive-quantitative regulation of the condensation gutter into the landing 161 and non-stop 148 holes, by the dimensions of the diagonally flap-chute segments 171 (Fig. 32) and ordinal inter-hole distances 172, 173; 4) extensions of row spacings, to increase moisture intake by the number of second-order lines (strips) 173.

The dimension of the moisture intake of the film vapor condensation, the function of temperature differences in units of time. "The greatest amplitudes are observed in tropical and subtropical deserts." (Yu. Chirkov, Agrometeorology, p. 87, Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 1986).

The invention provides for the use of a number of conditions to increase the vapor condensation moisture intake: 1) transparent color of the film body to increase the temperature of the subfilm soils, in particular, the “greenhouse effect” and blackening of the soil surface; 2) the maximum need to expand the row spacing to increase the obscurity of radiation and condensation inlet areas; 3) an increase in thermal diffusivity by mineralization of a predominantly mulching (Fig. 2) layer (3-5 cm) in bulk, for example, from coarse sand fractions; 4) Humification of moisture-absorbing infertile horizons (Fig. 2) of the soil, with a layer, for example, up to 30-50 cm.

The constituents of the atmirrigation process, the “intra-ground” and “shoulder-mounted” vapor condensation, are mutually reinforcingly connected by common sources, heat from solar radiation and the properties of air circulation. The soil moisture accumulated daily in the upper humus layer is mainly consumed by cultivated plants and should be in capillary mode.

The cloudlessness and high solstice of tropical weather conditions guarantee the activity of the mechanism of condensation moisture intake. However, in places of deserted year-round dryness of the ground cover, for the introduction of the proposed system of vapor condensation irrigation, preparatory measures will be needed including: 1) special land with clay or film underlays; 2) minimization of "infiltration into the deep layers (Q _/ )"; 3) “starting soil moisture” with imported water to a depth of least moisture capacity, for example, 30 cm (“suspended water”). The amount of test water, depending on the mechanical composition of the soil, is calculated (in the range of 5-35%) of the volume of the moistened layer. For light loamy soils (18%), the thickness of the irrigation layer of water, for washing to a depth of 20-25 cm, will be 3.6 cm (only one test watering with a watering can require 37 liters of water). At the beginning, it is enough to conduct an experiment on the soil cover area of, for example, 4 m ² , by collecting the runoff in micro-capacity from several hole nodes, for several days. If the amount of the daily influx of water, in terms of the layer, grows daily and amounts to, for example, up to 2-3 mm on the fifth day, then this intensity is sufficient for growing crops.

Despite the large number of related works on the creation and increase of soil fertility, the payback period for the work on the integration options of soil cover for the development of desert territories is less than a year.

Referring to FIG. 29, 32, detail dimensions are approximate, approximate, for example: 1) web height 151 (3-5 mm), 2) base width of linear struts 153 (4-5 mm), 3) web inclinations 159, 160 (m ₁ ≈ 0.05, m ₂ ≈0.02), 4) the length of the side of the cell (15-25 mm.)

The first factories producing waterblocks for semi-desert zones (200-350 mm of precipitation) should refine the dimensional data, which experimentally confirm the operability of the inventive development. The plant through the success of research work will expand without delay the scope of its activities through the agricultural development of adjacent desert territories.

The invention should supplement the work of foil-shielding agriculture with curtain protection of plants from harmful weather manifestations (temperature, wind, hail).

The invention is divided into variants, respectively, of water-mode gradation of soil conditions and properties of plant stem development (dimension).

The options are connected by the continuity of extreme and intermediate solutions to the general problem in essentially one way. Each option meets the requirements of the invention, a peculiarity of structural differences.

The profitability of receiving film-ground cover agriculture is created by structurally technical and organizational territorial innovations, including the following opportunities: 1) to receive and increase yields in all climatic conditions (cold Arctic exceptions; 2) manual labor supply; 3) the need to bring land use closer to housing; 4) family support of employment.

Combinations of gardening and gardening provide year-round employment for family workers (2-3 people) with a relatively small area of land ownership, for example 0.3-0.5 ha. At the same time, children can get involved in agricultural creativity and labor education skills.

The development of agricultural innovation requires design and survey work for each household, consisting of: 1) a description of the conditions, resources (human and land), the existing employment and wishes for the future; 2) determination of dimensional characteristics of the existing and cut land; 3) measurement of slope data for selected areas with the designation of their boundaries.

These actions can be performed directly by the owner of the site (the conditions code is not complicated), and by hiring a specialist, for example, from the land management service. Work begins with the preparation of a plan (possibly schematic) on which the "slope sections" are outlined with the direction of the slope 21 shown (Fig. 21). A fairly simple technique for determining the direction of the slope through the ratio m _o = h: r using a transparent hydraulic level, hose 127 and tubes 127 (Fig. 33, 34). Specialists use the level and draw 99 horizontally on the plan (Fig. 20)

The project of the organization of the territory, an array of the total amount of agricultural land, is divided into “working areas” with a network of cart tracks 1.0-1.5 m wide (Fig. 20). The width of the working areas is limited by the weight of hand luggage (20 kg) of product assemblies from the beds, and the length (20-40 m), cart load capacity (40-70 kg).

The existing stored and projected long sides of the correct form (rectangle) of the working areas should, as already mentioned, lie across the slopes (Fig. 21), or along the slope direction (Fig. 20), according to drainage options.

Block rectangularity necessitates its repetition in working areas. As an exception, a working section trapezoidal shape is allowed (Figs. 21, 25) with one beveled side bearing “mounting wedges” 104 ^/ . With the irregular shape of the plot, wedges appear on all sides except one, “base” 107, with which the laying of the first rows from the string extended between the benchmarks 106 begins.

For trimming (118) waste-free laying of soil cover blocks on “precinct mowing edges”, the use of “cutting clinomontage blocks” (Fig. 27, 25), double-acting slotted holes 38 is proposed. The method provides a mid-line separation of the wedge into two parts, which is stored 117, and cut 118, orderly making up for 119 (Fig. 25).

The reference baseline angle 124 (90 ° of Fig. 21) and lines (123) are set by the rappers with high precision for speeding up and investing in block installation work of coating assembly.

The speed of installation of film soil coverings depends on the particular conditions of manufacture and knowledge of the rules for laying blocks: 1) the underlying soil surface should be fairly even, smooth, rolled; 2) six mounting holes (13, 14), 3 on each of the long sides of the block rectangle (Fig. 15) must be made with high accuracy of placement on the strips of frame thickenings 8 ^/ ; 3) the straightness of laying along the first block row is determined by the stretch of the string of benchmarks of the baseline (107); 4) for automatic compliance with the thermal clearances (e) of the fastening nails (Fig. 23), the method of splitting the mounting into, laying hairpin (Fig. 22), and fastening nail (Fig. 23), is introduced; 5) in order to avoid soil compaction, workers must move along track lozenges from plywood strips; 6) compliance with block-sized non-bulkheads.

Mostly the annual sliding movement of the landing or drainage areas is done in order to increase soil fertility. The condition is met on a par basis, through the sliding strips 116 (Figs. 21, 25), by the circular return of the hole points over a four-year period to the initial place in the plot (Fig. 26). The displacements are cut off, at 90 ° angles, half the length from the inter-hole distances (a, b, Figs. 5, 26). Reception is performed in combination with planting and soilwork.

Materials for the manufacture of mounting studs and mounting nails must be stainless, for repeated use, mainly plastic. Product designs (Fig. 22, 23) correspond to differences in their purposes. The heads of the mounting studs (109, Fig. 22) predominantly perform a hanging function, refine the visual (115) perception of the straightness of the row line, and the narrowing of the 121 diameter enhances the articulation of the stud with the ground. The diameter of the upper part of the barrel of the mounting nail (Fig. 23) is minimally necessary less than the diameter of the mounting ring, for example 0.1 mm (thermal clearance), and the lower part is wider than the upper, to match the diameter of the mounting stud and ring.

Based on the mosaic albums (Figs. 35–40) of the openings arrangement, a business entity with a consultant can select suitable types of soil cover designs for growing an assortment of crop types identified in the farm for crop rotation. Further, through the gradation of block-dimensional dimensions (for example, length 200-220-240-260, width 140-160-180-200), the number of rows and blocks in rows is determined according to the long-width divisions. Design and survey work is completed by securing the nature of the boundaries of the work sites with benchmarks, soil surveys and relevant recommendations.

As a basis for increasing fertility, the invention should be accompanied by conventional traditional (and specific) soil cultivating agromeres, for example, fertilizing, soil-cultivating (including deep) and structuring ...

The number of sowing and soil-cultivating actions depends on the time required for weather assembly and dismantling, they can be measured for years (woody plants) and monthly (gardening). Costs of production depend on the frequency of maintenance cycles and the rates of installation leads.

The precast assembly of film soil coverings begins with stretch marks along the perimeter of the working section 103 (102), (Fig. 21) of the inter-mounting assembly strings (steel or plastic) of two base lines (107, 107 ^/ ) and (preferably a straight) base angle 124 (Fig. 21) formed by these lines. Stacking control is provided by lines 1-3 and 123-123. The first row of blocks is formed by parallelism, or adjoining, of the long sides to the string marked line 1-2, with their hole fastenings between themselves and the ground with mounting studs (Fig. 22). Further, to the first row, again with mounting pins and their soil fastening, “fastens” to the second row. A similar snap layout and subsequent rows are completed (preferably in the middle of the plot) with the end of the number of studs. Check the validity of the laying error at the control site 123-123. Next, proceed to the second, soil-and-nail mounting part, i.e. replacing the mounting studs with fixing nails (Fig. 23). The assembled hairpins continue to work in the same way, with the completion on the boundary line 3-4 (the process of novation is faster than a one-time chopping cultivation in the plot). By the invention, mechanically, accurately and quickly (2-3 min.), Pre-molded blocks are laid that carry a shaft and ankle-holders.

The curing process with the blocks of the working section 108 (Fig. 21) ends on the side 3-4 by abutment, if at the beginning of the curing of the section between the boundary line 1-2 and the blocks of the first row a gap 116 was left and covered with a sliding tape 111 ^/ (Fig. 25). The tape serves to receive weather shifts of soil cover, and still carries a micro-limous chain with holes of the first or second order (3, 5). From the arguments it follows that for the plot under the garden film soil cultivator, the width of the plot is determined by the formula:

где: n - число блочных рядов;

- блочная ширина (межотверстная);

where: n is the number of block rows;

- block width (interhole);

где: n^/ - число древесных рядов; а^/ - ширина ствольномонтажной ленты.and - interspersed width of the sliding tape 111 ^/ . In the horticultural section 102, installation work is complicated by the fact that the block rows are connected, and through block floors, and even through trunk mounting tapes 111 (Fig. 26). Therefore, the width of the plot is calculated by the formula:

where: n ^/ is the number of tree rows; and ^/ - the width of the mounting tape.

The pairing of “sliding” and “barrel” tapes with blocks is carried out by overlapping ceilings (C) and a hole (14, Fig. 24-26) with a nail primer (Fig. 22, 23) (as in interblock joints). The joints of the tape sections are made with a thermal gap of 113, on the sliding tapes, through several blocks, and for the barrel tapes on the barrel “windows” 112 (113), through their casement 4 equipment of FIG. 24, 26. The four-leaf window construction increases the width of the tape, and with a two-leaf window (Fig. 24), the first and second movements must be done by cutting out half of the window in the body of the adjoining block (reduced performance). The shutter is attached to the body of the inter-barrel segment of the tape with paper clips, using the refinement stripe (9 ^/ ) in the ceiling (C); therefore, there is the possibility of its folding when the window is arbitrarily moved. The shutters serve for alternately closing three unoccupied portions of the window, and still carry hole-microliminal nodes for additional irrigation. The dimensions of the cusps and tape inter-film film soil coverings are set according to the values of the displacements, the diameter of the development of the trunks, as well as with the linkage of block and district dimensions.

Diversified film-filled soil coverings of the invention are used unconventionally for water production, more often in conditions of monsoon-tropical shrouds and seasonal soil overmoistening.

Proposed by the invention, alternative to injection molding, options for blocks of "roll-film" structures (Fig 28, 30, 31, 46, 54) have both disadvantages and advantages. The use of the used prototype material, a black-colored mulching plastic film, as the frame material of roll-film blocks is convenient when transporting novation to consumers. Injection waterblocks are advantageous in that their film skeletons carry knots and parts of block constructions ready for operation, while roll-film skeletons contain only hole sections (34, 13, 186, 14). The remaining elements and units of roll film blocks are manufactured separately. They are installed during the installation of the coating and the blocks are endowed with additions, which are: 1) barrier elements, tape 126, 190, 191 (Fig 28, 29, 30, 32, 46-55), strip 156, angle roller 125 (Fig 28, 30) and harness 125 ⁷ (improvised materials instead of rollers); 2) a fastening and pinhole hole and hole 186 ⁷ , 165, 166 (Fig 48-53) formations; 3) the studs themselves 188, 188 ^/ , 125 ^// in stock; 4) track (141, 20).

Acceleration of the manufacture of roll film blocks and soil coverings is achieved by the innovations of the invention: 1) simplification of the opening of devices with short-slit shearing; 2) the bi-lapel stud-molding of the hole-hole assembly (Fig 48, B ^/ , B ^/ ); 3) ply (4-8) artisanal knife hole cutting; 4) introductions of injection molding platen 190 and track tapes (141 ^/ , 20); 5) by working-pause, line-by-line, primer-reinforced storage of block material.

The last of the enumerations, the method of storage, includes winding the skeleton of the block on a coil while preserving a frame-sided one-sided soil fastener. In this form, the entire set of block material is packed frameless at the workplace until next use. Coil rods are made of dense foam. Evacuations of film coatings provide winter moisture recharge and safety from gardening damage. Another method of storage makes it possible, without mounting delay, by measuring from fixed frame-opening lines to first lay track elements and, with their help, guide the formation of applied block elements. The restoration of the local film coating ends with the rolls of the block film skeletons onto the track-roller 190 layouts of estuarine assemblies (15) and then with the hole-and-pin hairpin clamping and stretching attachments.

Hole cuts are predominantly made, either mechanically by a film manufacturer or by artisanal cutting, using a special table, a template, film rewinding reels, manual tear-off knife-type cutting torches (the number of cutting layers is 4 or more).

Cutting frame blocking holes 14, 194 (Fig 28-55) are characterized by the extension of the flaps, the rectangularity, increased total backlash (1.0-2.0 mm).

The manufacture of non-stop holes (165, 166) of Figs. 28, 46, 48 of the limanole holes of the first 165 (15) and subsequent 166 (15 ^/ , 15 ^// ) orders are mainly carried out by means of pair cuts 186, Fig. 28, 46,48 long, for example, in 25-40 mm. Their partition is pin-tight, called the "strap" 187 (Fig 28, 30, 46-50). During the installation of the blocks, the spiral holes 186 ^/ and limanolunks are formed by sliding cuts, tapering of the hairpin legs 188 ^/ and studs 166. Studs are divided into wire 188 (artisanal) and flat 188 ^/ , metal or plastic 188 ^/ . Two-legged studs provide a more reliable vertically anchored 195 soil fastening, and for one-legged 189, (Fig. 46-50) studs, an additional cut should be made in the middle of the fir trees 186, 189. However, the holes are obtained in a vertical flat surface and therefore become weedier.

Landing and ventilation-drainage hole devices (Figs 31, 31 ^; ) of the roll film blocks according to the invention are linear gate 34, both for the cultivation of small-stemmed and large-stemmed herbs. Seeds are sown in an orderly inter-leaf irrigation and lighting gap 38. The flaps 40 are stem-sliding (semi-rigid), rely on the edges of the recess 26 (section AA, Fig 49, 50, Fig 31, 31 ^/ ). The hole line is interrupted (Figs. 31, 31 ^/ ) by jumpers 44 supporting the webbing and nail or nail (192 ^/ ) clamping soil-fixing hole sections 186, 194 (options).

Structurally and by productivity, micro-lim tooling can be divided into: 1) artisanal folding 193 ^/ (Fig. 28), separately plan 156, barrier 126; 2) ligamentously polentic plank folding 193 and angular-cove 125 (Fig. 28) plank-strapping 3) “strip roller-net” 190 injection molding (Fig. 46, 48-50).

Barrier strip 126 (Fig. 29, 28) serves to cross-cut the slope into runoff strips; it is made mechanically or artificially, fastened by wedges 126 and a sketch (157, 157 ⁷ ) with barrier plates 156 that divide the run-off strip into micro-limans. The strips are made with various designs, factory (Fig. 28, 54, 51, 46 ^/ ) or handy manufactures (sheet cutting, rod, harness).

The greatest acceleration of work occurs when mounting snap roll film blocks tape roller grids 190 (Fig 48, 49, 50) with a track 141 ^/ (Fig 28) from plastic mesh (special-purpose 142 ^/ , Fig 29) tapes, injection molding provide mesh strength.

The invention introduces (Fig. 51, 46 ^/ ) a hospital-barrier-free sandy bedding pro-planar, single-row hole version of runofilm soil cover blocks, for: 1) eliminating sub-film mud formations with the introduction of atmrigation; 2) intensifications of moisture charges; 3) improvement of the hairpin fastening of the film (Fig 46 ^/ ) 4) reel-coil coating of preservation; 5) protect the film from damage. The work of creating a primer-cover sheet can be started with an hourly filling of the sand layer (1.5-2.5 cm), then 126 track strips 20 (for example, 16 to 26 cm wide, with a step of 4 cm) are separated by barriers, from equally alternating bands of lunar rows (fifteen). Annually, for increasing fertility, drifts of holes are performed, planically 156 by half d and track-lunar-row, observing a = b, (Fig. 51). (similar was described in the text, (see Fig 26).

Sand, coarse fractions, which protects the soil from compaction for a long time, is characterized by high moisture and heat permeability, accessibility.

In the conditions of a hot, almost differential temperature gradient, transparency (as an option) of the film enhances the sub-film vapor condensation, and the reception of plank bending 156 ^; forms a linearly focused water drain 180 ^/ (dotted line, FIG. 51). Parietal film vapor condensation can produce areal (20) moisture through the high permeability of sand litter (31).

Depending on the purpose and through a change in the opening structure 165, 34 ^/ , Figs 51, 46, sandblasting water blocks are used in horticulture 165, gardening 34 ^/ , as well as in combination.

By means of a slant bend 156 ^/ (according to the invention), the linework is transformed into a block step tray with an end on a block frame overlap (C) on a straight bar 156 (sections BB, B ^/ B ^/ ). Reception of the deflection forms a high inclination (m≈ 0.1-0.2) of the hole-tray sides, sufficient for the condensation drop to drip, provided the air-space gap (e) of the film with the soil (e ≈ 5 mm, Fig. 51, sections AA, B ^/ B ^/ ). Quantitative observational data locally determine the degree of possibility of atmirrigation.

The main advantages of a single-hole (15) roll-film water block is; 1) the stationarity of fixation of the positions of the barrier 126 for a long (several years) period; 2) reduction of light transmission with holes. (Fig 46 ^/, BB, AA); 3) increasing the hairpin reliability from the input of the pinch 188 ⁷ film hinge (156); 4) the tenacity of the general unit microliman. The latter is achieved by exceeding the crest marks of the barrier tape over the marks of the lower points of the inter-margin demarcations (Fig. 46 ^/, AA).

General site sand bedding is not necessary, it can be limited to track beddings, their strip cutting from light porous-hole plastic sheets 2-4 mm thick, and the strip delimitation of microlimans can be replaced by soil fillings, the position markings of which are marked on the crests of the barrier tape 20 or track litter. The volume of costs is reduced even from the uselessness of the track coatings in light soils.

In Fig. 52, the structure of a curatively engraftable roll-film waterblock for laying plantings in the “dry” conditions of steppes and semi-deserts is shown. A scheme is given for cutting film skeletons from a canvas 3 m wide into two dimple sizes (50 × 50, 60 × 60 cm). The main differences from injection-molded blocks are as follows: 1) the edges of the hole 49 are not limited by rollers, but by drainage slots 186 (6), which are opened by pulling the flaps of 4 employees and for planting work; 2) the number of drainage holes 18 (FIG. 11) is reduced to 4 (one 186 per edge of FIG. 52); 3) hole 49 and domer 50 parts of the blocks are connected by a plan (50) frame (8 ^/ ) overlap (C); 4) on two upper-concave sides place slope-catching barriers 126, with a wall height of 1-2 cm; 5) the framing of the parts of the block is two-layer, collapsible (section A ^/ A ^/ ), staple (cuts of a plate from a hard film material); 6) frame fastenings A ^/ A ^/ (section) staples 56 and soil nail 192 ^/ ; 7) at one of the joints of the faces a “cuff” is equipped for skipping the barrel when removing the block; 8) to expand the irrigated area due to the domeric part of the block (50), drain holes 186 ^{/ are made} along the length of the drain strips 1 ^// and with the extension of the strips themselves (1 ^// ) Fig. 52.

For climatic conditions of uneven and seasonally excessive rainfall, the previous section of the description (tables 1, 2) gives a calculation scheme for determining the dimensions of block elements by the necessary coefficients (K%) of water withdrawal from runoff water. Proposed by the invention, as an alternative, water “double-barreled” irrigation combined roll film production of water blocks (Figs. 53, 54) has the following structural, water-regulating and operational comparative features: 1) according to individual local conditions for growing plants of dimensions K, A, B (table 1, Fig 53, BB) are set through the gradation of the barrier tape 126 groove 157 (step 5 cm) and the length of the strip elements 156; 2) the equality of the values of B, P serves the exchange of band functions (Fig 53) in places, to increase fertility; 3) increase in the design number of seats 163 and strip width P increases plant loading; 4) in order to reduce the amount of installation work and reduce the time of water withdrawal, mainly in tropical conditions, a “double-storey” water intake is introduced, i.e. on the unassembled first film-block soil covering (Fig. 53, FR. 1), which is maintained in working condition, is temporarily superimposed (Fig. 54, FR. 2) through the use of additional barrier tape 126 (section, B ^/ B ^/ , FR. 2) the full-sampling Fig. 54 (K = 100%) block film-strip, stored block-reel in frames; 5) the ability to increase the width of the barrier 126 (Fig 54, B ^/ B ^/ ) the height of its crest, for example, up to 20 mm, for the recesses of this sectional channels 83, H, B, (Fig 53, 54, A ^/ A ^/ ), s the use of "curly" paper clips 126 ^/ along the barrier 126 (sections BB, B ^/ B ^/ , Figs 53, 54), for selecting water from intense rains. Rainwater and condensation wastewater is collected in sub-reservoirs 91 (FIG. 20). After the necessary amount of water has been prepared, the local drainage cover is replaced by the crop-growing area by irrigation. The collected water is used through a water tank 91 ^/ (Fig. 20) for irrigation and chemical processing purposes, as well as additional needs.

Advantageously, for the territories of hot-climate and night-time temperature differences, the invention provides, in versions, plate-type folding condensation “cross-sectional” water-accumulating irrigation film soil coverings Fig. 55.

The sheet skeleton of folding injection-molded water blocks is formed by the alternation of strips of plate (e ^/ ) thickenings and kinked thinning 9. The ductile-suspended drain vector (t) is defined by the angles inclined α ^// (Fig 55) and α (Fig 34) in sections A ^/ A ^/ , AB )

The manufacturing workflow of innovation is as follows:

1) design and survey work with experimental definitions in kind through separate block installations of rational values of m, H, h (bit AA);

h=2H, по геометрической схеме разреза АА. Монтажные и уходные работы ведутся применением ножково-арочных помостов (Фиг 55).2) the determination of the vectors of the working section slopes 175 Fig 33, 34, with fixing the directions of Fig 21 by the rappers; 3) along the sloping 21 separation by barriers 126 or tavrivals 2 ^// (Fig. 54) of the precinct (Fig. 20) into stock combination (B ^/ ) and track 20 lanes; 4) manual-earth profiling of flat-sided floor trays B ^/ (sections AA, A ^/ A ^/ ) are excavated 62-bulk 62 ^/ according to the accepted side slopes (m „) and the dimensions of the film soil spacing H; 5) the work is completed by frame-and-hole (14) block-wiring installation of precinct film-primer coverings, again observing the values of H, m through a roller (2 ^// ) or tape (126) apexed (h) and hoist-and-pin-type 188 (H) dimensions, fulfilling the conditions,

h = 2H, according to the geometric pattern of section AA. Installation and maintenance work is carried out using leg-arched scaffolds (Fig 55).

Sub-film suspended condensation flow is used: 1) linearly linearly 180 ^/ (Fig. 55, fragment 2) pointwise pin-wise 188 and chute 147, 148 moisture-loading; 2) tag-microlotally 147 transit (Fig. 55, section AA), half new pre-selection; 3) a trough-hole water intake om 148 irrigation (Fig 55, FR. 2). Microtracks 147 are manufactured by hole irrigation 148 and holeless water sampling. Rainwater and condensation wastewater is collected through micro-trays into the near-tray tray 89 and then into the container 91 (Fig. 20). After the required amount of water has been prepared in the tanks, the water-take-off coating can be replaced by a plant-growing field-irrigation, where the stored water is used through a water tank 91 ^/ (Fig. 20) for irrigation, chemical treatment and other additional water uses.

Snap-folding plate-like sheet water gleams may include hole devices 34 ^/ (Figs. 51, 55) combining screw 183 and landing 4 elements. Then plate coatings are independently used for plant cultivation.

Storage and transportation of blocks of lamellar blade are carried out by the block composition of plates, one or more blocks in one package. Therefore, the water-selective irrigation plate blade is similar to the run-film film on the bar-packing compactness.

The elasticity of the barrier tape 126 makes it possible to wind it into a roll, and tavrovilik 2 ^// (Fig. 54) is implemented (delivery) cut off.

The micro-channel-forming corrugation 185, (Figs. 55, 47) of the surface film surface can be introduced for, reductions in lateral inclinations (m „), increases in plastic stiffness, and decreases in earthwork.

The block applicability of the variants of the invention, the interchangeability of units and parts, are determined by the designers, then consumer.

Projects systematize film-strip moisture production, provide the ability to regulate moisture consumption (physical evaporation) of dry semi-desert (250 mm of rainfall) and waterlogged conditions, to stably guarantee yields on open ground, mainly using rainfall water.

Organizations in need of implementation of design and survey works are: land management, geodesic, water management. Of course, plastic factories, which currently produce plastic packaging products, should be able to produce injection molding parts for the waterblock. The emerging industry destroys valuable raw materials, what else spontaneously makes the pollution (desecration) of landscapes.

The economic and plant-growing characteristics of the innovations proposed by the invention are as follows: 1) 1 m ^{2 of} film soil cover can produce an average of 15 kg of marketable products per year by increasing yields of zoned crops; 2) costs make up about 10% of the cost of production; 3) the payback period for the cost of water blocks and installation work of coatings is less than one (1) year. 4) a plot of land used in crop rotation with an area of 0.3-0.5 hectares provides employment for 2-3 people (fully or partially) per year.

Claims (1)

Sheet water block for creating anti-weed, mulching, sedimentary and condensation irrigation, water sampling, drainage, area moisture-regulating film soil coatings, characterized in that, due to dimensional comforts of the sheet (average 2.5 × 1.8 m) and block accessories, mainly injection and roll-film production, systems of microlimans, mikrivilikov, runoff strips, drainage, landing, ventilation openings, condensation and barrier devices distribute the water of sediment and film condensation mainly along the root habitat horizon, they regulate water consumption by moisture-balanced isolation of structures, the ratio of areas of microliminal orders, the width of runoff strips, detail-sized by serial gradations, while the assembly of film coatings is carried out orderly by means of interblock overlap bands, the rows are oriented relative to the site-specific slope vectors, they are aligned and diagonally aligned , during the cultivation of woody, mainly tall plants (gardens, forest belts), areal foil coverings are combined with aisles, and for growing herbaceous plants (for example, vegetables) and perennial bookmarks, seats are combined with drainage holes, in order to increase the survival rate of plantations and provide moisture to close-row plantings in arid conditions, linear coverings are made for reinforcing moisture intake, for small-scale growing and shallow growing planting materials (cuttings, seedlings, seedlings) hole nodes perform linearly in combination with transversely inclined stock floors wasps, under conditions of excess and swampy humidification, part of the sediment water is removed by film soil coating using block-section water sampling strips of the drain, in areas of significant daily temperature drops, water blocks are produced by combinations of block film-vapor vapor condensation and supporting-mesh drainage cloths, the performance of the roll-and-pipe-and-pipe-saw blades is different sheets and holes, attachment details of accessories, collapsible, frame-guided barrier askladom, hairpin-nail-strap tie-down holes and the forming hole meterialy film bodies of block cores are predominantly black and transparent plastics, commensurate with the strength, stiffness, e.g., 0.05-0.3 mm thick.

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