RU2675473C1 - Well for recovering water from atmospheric air - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water supply.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to water supply and can be used to obtain water in arid areas to provide the population with drinking and domestic water. Well includes an inlet device, a condensation tank (1) and a water collecting tank (20), a device for drawing water from the water collecting tank (20). Device is used to produce water through ventilation, which forms a stream of air containing water. Condensation tank (1) and outlet device (4) are arranged so that the air flow is cooled when passing tank (1), and water vapor condenses and the resulting fresh condensate water drains into tank (20). For supplying cold air and creating an active convention zone, the well is equipped with a vertical air pressure pipe (11) introduced into a fiberglass-reinforced well. Pipe (11) extends to air-permeable granite rubble in the form of granules and is a perforated pipe of a smaller diameter (8), through which cold compressed air is supplied. Pipeline (8) is placed in the cavity of the main pipeline of larger diameter (7), made in the form of a perforated casing. Main pipeline is made of polyethylene material. Pipe inlet (11) is connected to the injection device in the form of an impeller (12), from which cold compressed air is fed into the pipe (11) with a check valve (13) installed at the beginning of the pipe (11). Condensation tank (1), filled with granite rubble (6) in the form of granules, plays the role of increasing contact with cold compressed air. Lower part of the well is made in the form of a water collecting tank (20) and is equipped with a closed arch-type structure on top of it with a hemispherical vault with a perforated coating in the form of mesh partitions above (21) and below (22) the closed structure, inside which a geotextile filter material (23) is placed.EFFECT: simplicity and reliability of design, constant and/or adjustable supply of cold compressed air.6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to water supply and can be used in systems for producing water in arid regions (deserts, semi-deserts, dry steppes) to provide the population with drinking water and domestic water.

Currently, it is very urgent to obtain fresh water in the absence or inaccessibility of traditional sources, when it is possible to obtain water by condensation of water vapor from the air, i.e. condensation of water contained in the air.

The very method of producing water by condensing water vapor from the air has been known for a very long time.

A device for producing fresh water by condensing vapors from air, containing a solid surface for condensation, the condensation surface is made in the form of refrigeration elements, cooled to a temperature of -25 ° -30 ° C, located in a heat-insulated chamber equipped with a pipe for suction by an air pump from the environment and a pipe for its release into the environment, as well as equipped with electric heaters for periodic heating of the inside of the chamber to -25 ° -30 ° C with the aim of melting the ice, frozen on the surface of condensation and water, and the camera is equipped with a faucet with a nozzle for discharging the formed water to the outside (Patent RU No. 2045978, B01D 5/00, C02F 1/00 from 10/20/1995).

The disadvantages of this design are that the device involves the use of pumps of sufficient capacity using a power source to power the cooler and heater, and also use several operations: first freeze the ice and then thaw it, which is expensive enough to operate in this state when controlling the temperature mode of the proposed method. In addition, in general, the use of electric heaters is an energy-intensive and quite expensive undertaking. However, it does not provide for temperature control of the installation itself. Therefore, it is not always possible to guarantee long-term storage of ice in the transition zone. Although, as noted in the analogue, the device allows you to get fresh drinking water in the most waterless areas in the relevant areas.

A device is known (taken as a prototype) for the efficient production of fresh water by condensing vapors from air, containing a thermally insulated refrigeration unit with semiconductor refrigerating elements operating on the Peltier effect, or with heat exchanging tubes, inside which liquid refrigerant flows, cooled by a compressor refrigeration machine capable of cooling air to a dew point of 1-20 ° С and lower to - 30 ° С, a pump or fan for drawing air from the environment into the refrigerating chamber, pipes, connected connected to the chamber for sucking in air, the pipe for discharging cooled and dehydrated air from the refrigerating chamber, electric heaters located inside the refrigerating chamber for melting ice, if condensed from the air in the form of ice or hoarfrost, a pipe with a tap in the lower part of the refrigerating chamber for discharging the produced water while the pipes for sucking air from the environment are located in a heat insulated heat exchanger, closely connected to the refrigerator, and made in the form of finned, corrugated m thallic pipes or pipes with metal heat sinks mounted on them with a large heat transfer surface cooled by cold dehydrated air coming from the refrigeration chamber through a heat-insulated pipe and from the opposite side into a second additional heat exchanger with a pipe for discharging dehydrated air into the environment, while in the second heat exchanger hot condenser pipes of a compression refrigeration machine or hot junctions of refrigerating elements operating on the Pel effect are located tie, and to adjust the power of the air flow in both heat exchangers on a thermally insulated pipe, a pipe with a tap was made to discharge part of the cold and dehydrated air from it into the environment (Patent RU No. 2169032, B01D 5/00, EV 03/28 of 06/20/2001) .

The disadvantage of this method is the need to connect to an external power source to power the cooler and heater. In addition, the low reliability of operation is due to the fact that with a possible power outage (this often happens in nature) or its absence for a long time, an autonomous connection to a heating device is not provided, for example, in the form of an impeller that does not require electricity, since it The design is quite small in size and runs on a small capacity internal combustion engine (fuel or gas). However, the design of such an impeller can supply cold compressed air from the atmosphere with a controlled air supply by changing the speed of the impeller itself, which is still unknown. In addition, the known device is quite energy intensive and expensive, for natural convection of air. As a result, the efficiency of convection cooling of aspirated and measured atmospheric air is reduced, and the method is performed in two operations: first freezing the ice, and then defrosting the ice.

The objective of the invention is to increase operational characteristics and efficiency by increasing the total air access to the area in breathable granite crushed stone in the form of granules, providing a constant and / or controlled supply of cold compressed air during operation in anhydrous regions and the driest deserts, making rapid development realizable.

The technical result in the implementation of the present invention is that a well for receiving water from atmospheric air, including an inlet device, a condensation tank and a water collecting tank, a device for collecting water from a water collecting tank, the device is used to produce water for due to ventilation forming an air stream with a water content, and the condensation tank and the outlet device are arranged so that when the condensation tank passes, the air stream is cooled condensation of water vapor and the obtained fresh water-condensate drained into a water collecting tank, characterized in that for supplying cold air and creating an active convention zone, it is equipped with a vertical air pressure pipe introduced into the well reinforced with fiberglass, while the pipe continues in a breathable granite crushed stone in the form of granules and is a perforated pipe of smaller diameter, through which compressed cold air is supplied, and placed in a cavity of the main pipe of large diameter made in the form of a perforated casing, while the main pipeline is made of polyethylene material, and the input of the vertical air pressure pipe is connected to the discharge device in the form of an impeller, from which cold compressed air is supplied to the vertical air pressure pipe with a check valve installed at the beginning of the vertical air pressure pipe, in addition, the condensation tank, filled with granite crushed stone in the form of granules, plays the role of increasing contact with cold compressed air, at m the lower part of the well is formed as a water collecting container and is provided with its closed top arch type structure with a hemispherical dome shape having a cover with a perforated mesh top and bottom walls of a closed structure, inside which is placed a filter geotextile.

In addition, the output device is made of light metal and is coated with a dark or black coating.

In addition, the well additionally contains a technological hatch.

In addition, the circulation of cold compressed air in breathable granite rubble is provided by the location of the air pressure sensor.

In addition, the cold compressed air supply system from the impeller is provided with an automatic control system for the air intake pipe.

In addition, the water collection tank is equipped with a working siphon communicating with the water intake device, while the siphon knee is no higher than a closed arch-type structure with a hemispherical arch corresponding to critical filling of high quality water when accumulated in the tank.

Distinctive features are:

- a vertical air pressure pipe is installed on the ground to supply cold compressed air from the impeller from the nozzle, which supplies air to the pipe;

- a check valve is installed at the beginning of the pressure head air pipe;

- a vertical air pressure pipe is connected at an angle to a perforated pipeline of large diameter, made in the form of a casing with hole holes, as well as to a pipe of small diameter, i.e. in the form of a pipe with perforation on its surface, while the ends of the pipes have plugs;

- get an environmentally friendly and environmentally friendly way to get water from atmospheric air;

- water can be stored in a well for a long time;

- simple execution, reliable and durable in operation;

The installation of the method installation is simple and does not require electricity itself, it is enough with a small (modern) internal combustion engine using any combustion fuel to drive the impeller in operation.

The proposed construction allows the use of a well with a manhole cover to load its washed (blown) granite rubble, and in which perforated pipelines are fixed at the bottom of the well, i.e. inside breathable loaded granite crushed stone in the absence of causes of damage.

In addition, the increased reliability and flexibility of the pipelines themselves made of polyethylene material, used in modern manufacturing technology in industry, allows you to make a wide selection of such flexible and durable walls along the length of the pipelines. They can be manufactured in factory workshops on a conveyor for broaching in special machines, and their walls are quite strong. This, in turn, ensures the mass production of such perforated pipes with ferrules to fasten joints to each other during construction. Service life not less than 50 years. This, in turn, expands the possibility of damping large pressures of air leaving the openings of the main pipeline with perforation of its surface supplied by a cold air impeller, and the process of controlling the supply of compressed air by installing control of the air pressure sensor in breathable granite crushed stone allows creating a controlled the system by the processes of supplying cold compressed air from the impeller, which means that it is possible to determine the given volume of air entering the crushed granite along the contour to olodtsa. This feature is not provided by any known technical solution.

The casing and its internal parts are mainly made of fiberglass reinforced with a thickness of 25-30 mm in accordance with TU 2296-001-48117609-99. The material has strong characteristics (tensile and bending) exceeding the strength of steel, and durability (service life of at least 50 years), corrosion resistance, tightness, resistance to temperature changes and ultraviolet radiation make it indispensable in the production of this installation. With this method, it is possible to control the supply of cold compressed air pressure in the area of connection to the perforated pipe of small diameter with a plugged end.

It should also be noted that in the lower part of the casing above the water collecting tank, a closed arch-type structure with a hemispherical arch is placed, with perforation in the form of mesh partitions of the upper part and the lower part. Inside the closed structure, made in the form of mesh partitions, a drainage element is placed in the form of a permeable geotextile material, which is quite durable in operation and is now widely used in practice. Thus, the closed structure can be made of metal mesh or plastic material of enhanced strength. The mesh screen is covered with filtering material in the form of washed (blown) gravel gravel.

In addition, the design of the working siphon with a closed arch type design with a vault with water filter elements provides a device for water intake in the form of a mine well. The process of supplying water to the consumer will continue with the intervals between the accumulation of clean water in the tank for collecting water, then into the device for water intake in the form of a well shaft.

Ensuring artificial circulation of cold compressed air when the impeller feeds in the thickness of the loaded washed granite rubble and the output device in the form of an exhaust pipe that can heat from outside air and from sunlight, i.e. the exhaust pipe must additionally be coated with a dark or black coating (paint or sprayer) together in operation, it allows to maintain condensation inside the housing, and make the cooling system more efficient without the expense of electricity, i.e. it is more efficient to obtain water from atmospheric air, especially in an environment with high absolute humidity and a significant daily temperature drop. The volume of water received depends on the speed of movement of the cold compressed air supply by the impeller and the condensation volume of the proposed material.

A comparative analysis of the claimed technical solution and the prototype shows that in the claimed combination of features, some of the essential features are new, therefore, the claimed solution differs from the prototype and meets the criterion of "significant differences".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

in FIG. 1 shows a well for receiving water from atmospheric air;

in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1, the cross section of the large and small pipelines;

in FIG. 3 is a front view of the impeller from above (connection to the engine is not shown to simplify the drawing);

in FIG. 4 is a side view.

The well for receiving water from atmospheric air comprises a condensation tank body 1 located below the ground 2 and sprinkled with soil 3 on all sides. An exhaust pipe 4 for communication with the atmosphere is installed over the cover 5 of the condensation tank body 1, i.e. there is the effect of an aerodynamic exhaust pipe 4, taking into account the flow convention of cooled granite crushed stone 6 and the formation of water condensation inside the housing 1 in the desired warm period of time. The exhaust pipe 4 is preferably made d = 0.30 m of thin-walled metal and rises at a predetermined height from the ground. Preferably, it is painted black, not reflecting the sun, paint, and the pipe should be fixed by stretching.

Laying of the main perforated pipeline 7 of large diameter, inside which the perforated pipe 8 of small diameter is placed, is carried out before loading the washed (blown) breathable granite crushed stone with a size of 50-70 mm. Holes 9 and 10 of the piping 7 and 8 are placed on the outer diameter. In this case, the main pipeline 7 is a kind of protective casing, in which an additional perforated pipe 8 is placed with perforation in the form of holes 10. Then the ends of all the pipelines are connected to each other and get a given length of the route for laying the pipeline in the lower part of the housing 1 with a certain length step housing 1.

The vertical air supply pipe 11 for supplying cold compressed air from the impeller 12 with a check valve 13 is connected to a perforated pipe 8 of small diameter. The pipe 11 is also equipped with a regulator 14 of the flow rate of cold compressed air. A device in the form of an impeller 12 is installed for a forced volume passing through a mass of crushed stone of compressed air from a condition of 20 g of moisture per 1 m ^{3 of} air and an average daily productivity of the installation of at least 150 l / day, which lies in the range of 8-10 thousand m ³ (air ) per day for which an air pressure sensor 15 is placed inside the breathable granite crushed stone 6, which is additionally connected to a graduated scale (the design of the air pressure meter can be made different). Installation of perforated pipelines can also be performed not only from polyethylene material, but also from other material produced by modern industry.

It should be noted that the design of the impeller 12 includes a nozzle 16, which is consistent in the work for its connection to the pipe 11. By adjusting the speed of the low-volume impeller 12, the air supply pressure to the pipe 11 is also regulated, or the regulator 14 of the flow of cold compressed air, respectively, it is possible to reduce the power of using a small-sized impeller 12.

Another positive feature of this invention is that the placement of a small diameter perforated pipe 8 in the casing in the form of a large large diameter perforated pipe 7 allows unhindered flow of compressed air through their openings in the pipe walls: it is extinguished within the perforated pipes to a certain pressure, there are no shifts of particles of granite gravel, which allows you to directly form a stream of air by feeding it with an impeller 12 in condition environment with a relative humidity of 60 to 100% and a temperature of +15 to + 50 ° C, and then the air is sent to the output device in the form of an exhaust ventilation pipe 4. The height of the pipe 4 can be made small, given that cold compressed air from the impeller 12 is fed under pressure into the perforated pipes 7 and 8.

It should be noted that the installation of building 1 works under the condition of underground placement, where the depth is 0.5 ... 1.0 m from the surface of the earth.

Openings for the well hatch 18 are also located in the upper part of the additional housing 17, and here are two hermetically sealed hatches 19 of the technological holes intended for filling gravel 6 after installation of the installation with perforated pipelines with placement in the lower part of the closed arch-type structure with a hemispherical arch for maintenance work, as described in the description of the last device below.

It should also be noted that the air leaving the perforated pipe 8 with openings 9, the air stream partially loses its pressure energy on the resistance, and then goes inside the main perforated pipe 7 of large diameter, acting as a protective casing. As a result, the perforated pipe 8 of small diameter is not violated by the pressure of the rubble 6 and the holes 9 are not clogged in it, and its end is plugged, for example, with a removable plug. The volume of air flow in the pores of granite crushed stone 6 increases due to the forced intake of air from the main pipeline 7 through the holes 10, cold compressed air that comes from the impeller 12. Thus, the movement of cold air from the bottom up. The total amount of air entering the crushed stone zone 6, i.e. more efficiently, water is obtained from the supply of atmospheric air by impeller 12 in an environment with increased absolute humidity and a significant daily temperature difference. The volume of water obtained also depends on the speed of supply of cold compressed air from the impeller.

For the operation of the body 1 of the well, the necessary conditions are created for filling with clean water a container 20 for collecting water located in the lower part of the body 1, when a closed arch-type structure with a hemispherical arch is placed above it, a reception with perforations in the form of mesh partitions of the upper part 21 and lower parts 22. Inside the closed structure, made in the form of mesh partitions 21 and 22, filter geotextile material 23 is placed.

The closed structure is an arch-type structure with a hemispherical arch, which is made of metal mesh or plastic material of enhanced strength and has a perforated surface. Thus, water passes through a water-permeable geotextile material 23 and fills the tank 20 with clean water, then, after the accumulation of a significant amount of water, when the water level reaches the critical position in the tank 20 and the siphon 24 is filled, the siphon sharply responds and delivers (discharges) water into the shaft 25 with the hatch 18 of the well, thereby providing water intake for the consumer, i.e. there is a difference in elevation on the ground.

Naturally, the interconnection of elements in the method of construction of the well allows you to get water from atmospheric air environmentally friendly and environmentally friendly. The reliability of the results of air pressure in crushed granite is accompanied by a control device in the form of an air pressure sensor, the readings of which output outside the well for water, i.e. data at the time of operation of the structure.

The use of perforated pipelines made of polyethylene material, as well as the main pipeline in the form of a protective casing for a small diameter of the pipeline, ensures durability, which is obvious when operating the proposed method of working the well. There is no scuffing of perforations in the pipes with holes, and as a result, leads to the durability of the pipelines. There is an increase in the volume of incoming air into the crushed granite, as well as to increase the reliability and stability of the well for receiving water from atmospheric air.

Claims (6)

1. A well for receiving water from atmospheric air, including an inlet device, a condensation tank and a water collecting tank, a device for taking water from a water collecting tank, the device being used to produce water through ventilation, forming an air stream containing water and the condensation tank and the output device are arranged so that when passing through the condensation tank, the air flow is cooled, water vapor condenses and the obtained fresh water-condensate flows into the tank water, characterized in that for supplying cold air and creating a zone of active convention it is equipped with a vertical air pressure pipe introduced into the well reinforced with fiberglass, while the pipe continues in breathable granite crushed stone in the form of granules and is a perforated pipe of smaller diameter, to which compressed cold air is supplied and placed in the cavity of the main pipeline of larger diameter, made in the form of a perforated casing, while the main pipe is made made of polyethylene material, and the inlet of the vertical air pressure pipe is connected to the discharge device in the form of an impeller, from which cold compressed air is supplied to the vertical air pressure pipe with a check valve installed at the beginning of the vertical air pressure pipe, in addition, a condensation tank filled with granite crushed stone in the form of granules, plays the role of increasing contact with cold compressed air, while the lower part of the well is made in the form of a container for collecting water and is equipped with an enclosed arch-type structure with a hemispherical vault having a perforated coating in the form of mesh partitions above and below a closed structure, inside which a filter geotextile material is placed. 2. The well according to claim 1, characterized in that the output device is made of light metal and is coated with a dark or black coating. 3. The well according to claim 1, characterized in that the well further comprises a technological hatch. 4. The well according to claim 1, characterized in that the circulation of cold compressed air in breathable granite crushed stone is ensured by the location of the air pressure sensor. 5. The well according to claim 1, characterized in that the cold compressed air supply system from the impeller is provided with an automatic control system for the air intake pipe. 6. The well according to claim 1, characterized in that the water collecting tank is provided with a working siphon communicating with the water intake device, while the siphon elbow is made no higher than a closed arch-type structure with a hemispherical arch corresponding to critical filling of high quality water when accumulated in a container.

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