RU2671382C1 - Grain-aspirator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for cleaning grain and products of its processing, namely air separators with a closed cycle of air flow, and can be used in agricultural production, in flour-elevator, cereals and mixed feed industry, in farms, as well as for the separation of loose building mixtures. Grain-aspirator contains a body in the upper part of which two fans are located opposite each other with suction nozzles and outlet diffusers, connected to the discharge channels, the air supply channel, the pneumatic separation zone, the precipitation chamber, a hopper for receiving bulk material, a profiled channel, a grain flow regulator, a louver separation grating. In addition, the grain-aspirator comprises at least two jet formers, located in the air supply channel, at least two shelves of a louvre separation grid with grain scatterers, a drum-trap for hard-to-impregnate impurities, placed above the precipitation chamber, a brush installed close to the drum-trap, a suction fan of hardly imparted impurities, the nozzle of which is mounted on a brush, a cyclone. Jet formers are made with a monotonically thickened section, end with the end surface and are located opposite the shelves of the louvre separation grid with the grain scatterers. Each shelf of the louvered separation grid in the lower part is made in the form of a scatterer of the grain flow. Diffuser of the grain flow is made in the form of a comb of round bars, the distance between which is larger than the size of the grains to be cleaned. Cylindrical surface of the drum-trap of hard-to-impregnated impurities is perforated by small holes of hexagonal shape.EFFECT: technical result is an improvement in the quality of cleaning grain material, as well as increasing the efficiency of the device with a closed air circulation system.5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for cleaning grain and its processed products, namely to air separators with a closed air flow cycle, and can be used in agricultural production, in the flour and grain elevator, grain and feed industries, in farms, as well as for the separation of bulk building mixtures.

Grain aspirator - an air separator, a machine for cleaning grain from dust and impurities.

Known air separator [1], consisting of a main closed air system, containing a receiving and distributing device, a main pneumatic separation channel, a main sedimentary chamber with a throttle butterfly valve, a main recirculation channel, a screw located in the lower part of the main sedimentary chamber, an additional closed air system including an additional pneumatic separation channel with a feeder, an additional sedimentary chamber, an additional recirculation channel, as well as a common main Oh and additional closed air systems diametrical fan. The main and additional closed air systems are made independent of each other and have a common wall dividing the diametrical fan in length into two insulated parts. One part relates to the main closed air system, the other part refers to the additional closed air system. The screw is extended through a common wall into an additional closed air system, in which the screw face of the screw passes into the feeder of the additional closed air system.

One of the disadvantages of the known device is that the grain is poured through the feed slot into the upward aspirating flow without dispersion (dispersion), which causes an increase in the air velocity for the efficiency of assigning weed particles, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the proportion of high-grade grain.

Known closed pneumatic separator of grain mixtures [2], including a sedimentary chamber with a device for outputting light impurities and connected to it air supply and pneumatic separation channels. At the junction of the lower sections of the air supply and air separation channels, a diametrical fan is installed, the discharge pipe of which is connected to the air separation channel and on the outer wall has a window for output of refined grain. The air inlet channel is connected to the outlet of the sedimentary chamber through dust separators, the wall of which is adjacent to the air inlet channel, is louvered. The pneumatic separation channel is divided into the main and additional channels by a flat wall having an articulated distribution flap on the edge opposite the loading window. The outlet of the additional pneumatic separation channel through the louvre window is connected to the loading window by means of a dust removal channel.

The disadvantage of this device is that the louvre grilles are not forced to clean, this leads to a violation of the separator operation mode due to the fact that light debris particles are pressed to the grilles from the loaded side due to the difference in air pressure on it and create resistance to air movement to the fan.

A common drawback of both devices is the lack of forced removal of hard-to-precipitate particles, which does not allow them to clean the circulating air, these particles are captured by the flow of purified grain, which reduces the quality of cleaning.

Known pneumogravitational grain separator [3], containing a housing in which a feeding device is installed, equipped with an elongated channel of rectangular cross-sectional shape, a fan, a separation channel in which there are diffusers of grain material, shutters, sedimentary chambers, grain receiver, unloading mechanisms and behind the fan there is a separator of light impurities, made in the form of a cone-shaped screw with a variable pitch.

The disadvantage of this device is that the louvre grille is not forcibly cleaned, this leads to a disruption of the separator operation mode due to the fact that light debris particles are pressed to the grille from the loaded side due to the air pressure drop across it and create resistance to air movement to the fan.

The closest in essence is the closed pneumatic separator of grain mixtures selected as a prototype [4], containing a pneumatic separation channel with a side loading window made on its inner wall, and having a device for outputting refined grain in the lower part, a diametrical fan, whose suction pipe is connected to a pneumatic separation channel, an air supply channel, a sedimentary chamber with a device for outputting light impurities, connected to the exhaust diffuser through an input sting a gap window located in the area of its curved wall, and through a bypass channel having an air flow regulator with the lower part of the pneumatic separation channel, the air duct through the window with an adjustable damper is connected to the suction pipe of the exhaust diffuser and has guiding planes at the interface with the pneumatic separation channel, and an inertial louvered air purifier is installed in the suction nozzle of the diametrical fan, which forms an outlet channel with an external wall that combines hny pnevmoseparatsionnogo output channel with sediment chamber.

The disadvantages of the known device, firstly, is that the distribution screw injures even marketable grain, and in the case of seed cleaning, this principle of feeding the material to the separation is unacceptable; secondly, the feed roller also injures the grain and, in addition, it can work only if the distribution screw feeds the material in an amount less than the capacity of the feed roller, in case of violation of this condition, the separator does not work due to overfilling with the grain mixture bulk material feeders; thirdly, the feed roller feeds the grain for separation in batches, that is, unevenly, which leads to uneven separation mode; fourthly, large-sized vegetable debris as part of the separated grain will make it impossible to operate the feed roller and inertial air separator, clogging of the inertial air separator with vegetable debris will complicate the return of air to the suction pipe of the diametrical fan and disrupt the separation process, the same thing will happen when working with oil crops - oil impurity and oil dust, settling on the walls of the channels, will reduce their area and change the mode of air circulation; fifthly, the placement of the air admittance regulator and the air flow regulator during mass transfer with the air flow, providing pneumatic separation, violates the mode of movement of the latter and worsens the separation process.

The basis of the invention is the task of improving the device for cleaning grain material - a grain aspirator, which would provide an improvement in the quality of cleaning grain material, allow for uniform supply of untreated grain, blown through the air stream, provide dispersion (dispersal) of grains for unhindered movement of air between them, provide a decrease in speed falling cleaned grain in order to increase the reliability of the removal of debris particles and prevent grain injury, allowed remove hard-to-sediment debris (dust).

The problem is solved due to the fact that the grain aspirator containing the housing, in the upper part of which are located opposite each other two fans with suction nozzles and outlet diffusers connected to the outlet channels, an air duct, a pneumatic separation zone, a precipitation chamber, a hopper for receiving bulk material , a profiled channel, a grain flow regulator, a louvered separation grill, according to the invention further comprises at least two formers of jets located in an air duct, at least two shelves of a louvered separation grill with grain diffusers, a trap for hard to settle impurities placed above the settling chamber, a brush mounted close to the trap, a suction fan for hard to settle impurities, the nozzle of which is mounted on the brush, a cyclone, and formers the jets are made with a monotonous thickening of the section, end with an end surface and are located opposite the shelves of the louvered separation grating with diffusers on, each shelf of the louvered separation grate in the lower part is made in the form of a grain flow diffuser, the grain flow diffuser is made in the form of a comb of round rods, the distance between which is larger than the size of the grains being cleaned, and the cylindrical surface of the trap drum of hard to precipitate impurities is perforated with small holes of hexagonal shape .

The proposed design of the grain aspirator provides better cleaning of the grain material by reducing the speed, uniform supply of raw grain and dispersion (dispersal) of grains for unhindered movement of air between them.

The use of jet shapers makes it possible to create a cross section of air jets of different speeds on the path of the falling grain, which contributes to the dispersal of grains and an increase in the intergrain space between them.

The use of separators (scatterers) of the grain flow in the lower sections of the shelves of the louvre separation lattice allows you to slow down the speed of the grain flow, increasing the space between the individual grains, thereby increasing the efficiency of air removal of debris and dust particles.

The installation of a cylindrical drum-trap perforated with small holes in the path of the air stream passing through the stream of the grain being cleaned removes hardly deposited particles (dust) from the air stream that have not settled in the settling chamber.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a grain aspirator is shown schematically; FIG. 3 - separator (diffuser) of the grain flow and the scheme of its operation, in FIG. 4 is a diagram of the velocity of the air flow passing through the formers of the jets, in FIG. 5 - test data of a grain aspirator in various operating modes when cleaning soybeans.

The list of symbols in the drawings: 1 - fans, 2 - suction pipe, 3 - output diffuser, 4 - discharge channel, 5 - air supply channel, 6 - air separation zone, 7 - sedimentation chamber, 8 - drum-trap of difficult to precipitate impurities, 9 - hopper for receiving bulk material, 10 - profiled channel, 11 - formers of jets, 12 - louvre separation grille, 13 - fender shelf of a louvered separation grill, 14 - dividers (scatterers) of grain flow, 15 - brush, 16 - suction pipe for hard to settle impurities, 17 - fan suction of difficultly deposited impurities, 18 - a cyclone, 19 - a grain flow regulator, 20 - a grain aspirator case.

The closed-type grain aspirator consists of two fans 1 symmetrically located opposite each other, having suction nozzles 2 and output diffusers 3 of which are connected to the exhaust channels 4, passing into the air supply channel 5; the pneumatic separation zone 6 is connected to the precipitation chamber 7. In the upper part of the precipitation chamber 7 there are suction channels 2 of the fans 1. In the middle part of the precipitation chamber 7 under the suction pipes 2 of the fans 1 there is a drum-trap of difficultly deposited impurities 8. In the upper part of the grain aspirator there is a hopper for receiving granular material 9, connected to the profiled channel 10 with a regulator of grain flow 19, which forms a flow of grain mixture for feeding it to the separation. In the air supply channel 5, jet shapers 11 are installed, the end surfaces of which are opposite the breaker shelves 13 with attached dividers (scatterers) of the grain stream 14 of the louvered separation grill 12 installed in the pneumatic separation zone 6. A brush 15 is mounted close to the dust catcher of impurities 8, on which is located the suction pipe for hard-deposited impurities 16 of the suction fan for hard-deposited impurities 17, the output diffuser of which is connected to the cyclone 18.

Grain aspirator operates in a closed aerodynamic cycle as follows.

Unrefined grain is poured into the hopper 9 and then poured onto the shelves of the louvered separation grid 12. The amount of grain entering the cleaning is regulated by changing the position of the grain flow regulator 19.

The air in the grain aspirator moves in a closed circuit, which significantly reduces the energy consumption of the blower-suction fans 1. The air, under the influence of the pressure drop in front of the impellers of the fans 1 and behind them, enters through the outlet diffusers 3 into the exhaust channels 4 and from them into the air supply channel 5, passing through curved channels between the formers of the jets 11. The formers of the jets 11 provide separation of the flow into separate jets and give them a direction close to normal along the vector falling grain. During the formation of jets, the scale of turbulence of the air flow changes from random, in the air channel 4, to predetermined ones, which are determined by the geometry of the formers of the jets 11. Air, due to the pressure differential between injection and suction, permeates the flow of uniformly sprinkled grain. Grain under the influence of air is displaced along the shelf 13 of the louvred separation grill 12 and, falling asleep, is penetrated by a stream of air (Fig. 3). On each of the shelves 13 from the side of the falling grain there are installed separators (scatterers) of the grain flow 14, made in the form of combs from rods of circular cross section, the distance between which is larger than the size of the grains being cleaned. The grain flow, falling on the combs is divided, which increases the space between the individual grains and increases the efficiency of air removal of debris and dust particles. This separation of the grain allows each particle to be blown with air, as if it were individually falling.

Refined grain is poured for further transportation to the destination. The garbage carried by the air settles in the precipitation chamber 7 and is poured from it into the corresponding hopper. Part of the garbage (small particles), not settled in the precipitation chamber 7, is entrained in air under the action of the suction force of the fans 1.

On the way of this dusty air there is a drum-trap of difficultly deposited impurities 8, the cylindrical surface of which is perforated with small holes. To reduce the loss of air pressure drop when moving it inside the drum, the perforation is made with hexagonal holes, which ensures the maximum cross-section of the sieve. Air passes through the cylindrical surface of the trap drum of difficult to precipitate impurities 8 and, being cleaned of small debris, enters the inlet (to the impellers) of the fans 1. The removal of small debris remaining on the cylindrical surface of the trap drum of hard to precipitate impurities 8 is carried out as follows. The drum-trap of hard-to-settle impurities 8 rotates from the gear motor, all the garbage is collected on the brush 15 and is sucked through the nozzle 16 by a suction fan of hard-to-settle impurities 17, from which it enters the cyclone 18 for separation from air. The pressing of the brush 15 to the drum 16 provides a pressing spring.

Thus, during the cleaning process in the grain aspirator, vegetable debris and dust are separated from the incoming grain. A closed system of movement of aspirating air makes it possible to reduce energy costs and prevents environmental pollution.

Regulation of the operation of the grain aspirator is carried out by changing the position of the shutter of the grain flow regulator 19 and using frequency converters to change the operating mode of the fans 1 and the suction fan of hard-to-precipitate impurities 17.

The separator (diffuser) of the grain flow 14 contributes to the dispersal of the incident grain flow, while delaying it and, thereby, increases the time of interaction of grain with air moving in the intergranular space, which, combined with the action of air jets of different speeds, significantly increases the probability of particles being removed from the grain volume , the speed of which is lower than the speed of grain.

Shapers jets 11 (Fig. 4) perform with a monotonous thickening of the section, ending with the end surface. Behind the end surfaces, a so-called wake trail is formed, consisting of paired vortices. In the immediate vicinity of the end surface, the velocity plot has a pronounced non-uniformity to the reverse current (in the vortex zone). At a distance from the end by an amount greater than the width of the end of the jet former 11, the velocity plot is uneven, but the velocity at each intersection is positive (a is the distance from the end to the middle of the vortex, and a 'is the distance to the grain flow diffusers 14). It is precisely at this intersection of air jets that grain is poured and in the process of falling interacts with air jets of various speeds, which contributes to the dispersal of grains and an increase in intergranular space, which, in turn, increases the likelihood of assigning particles whose speed of rotation is less than the speed of grain movement.

The proposed grain aspirator can be used for cleaning grain of various crops. Depending on the culture being cleaned, grain flow separators (scatterers) are used with a distance between the rods of the comb, a large grain size. By changing parameters such as air flow rate and grain flow density, the desired cleaning quality is achieved.

In FIG. Figure 5 shows the results of testing the grain aspirator in various operating modes (changing the air flow rate, the width of the profiled grain feed channel) during soybean cleaning. The results of the study allow us to draw the following conclusions:

- the proportion of the relative grain to the increase in flow rate is a linear relationship;

- at a relative fraction of soybeans of 10%, the frequency of the grain-aspirator drive is 50-55 Hz;

- the density of the grain flow should not exceed critical, when the grain flow becomes impermeable to air, for soybeans, this regime occurs at a productivity of 35-45 t / h.

The advantage of the invention in comparison with analogues and prototype is to improve the quality of cleaning of grain material, reducing its injury, removing difficult to precipitate impurities (dust) from the circulating air.

Thus, the grain aspirator allows you to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of the device with a closed air circulation system, and additional cleaning of the working air flow allows you to save its technological properties.

Information sources

1. Patent RU No. 2497605 C2; B07B 4/00; Air separator / V.F. Vedeniev, D.Yu. Chernyshev. - Application No. 2012104296/03; declared 02/07/2012; publ. 11/10/2013.

2. Patent RU No. 2400053 C1; A01F 12/44, B07B 4/02; Closed pneumatic separator of grain mixtures / V.E. Sites, R.G. Gataullin, A.N. Zemtsova, A.M. Zemtsova. - Application No. 009119286/21; declared 05/21/2009; publ. 09/27/2010.

3. Patent of Ukraine No. 86855 C2; B07B 4/00; Pneumatic gravity separator / M.M. Petrenko, V.V. Onopa. - Application No. a200707999; declared 07/16/2007; publ. 05/25/2009, bull. No. 10, 2009 p.

4. Patent RU No. 68374 U1; B07B 4/00; Closed pneumatic separator of grain mixtures / V.E. Saitov, A.I. Burkov, D.V. Grigoriev, A.L. Glushkov. - Application No. 2007125005; declared 07/02/2007; publ. 11/27/2017, Bull. No. 33.

Claims (5)

1. Grain aspirator containing a housing, in the upper part of which two fans are located opposite each other with suction nozzles and outlet diffusers connected to the exhaust channels, an air supply channel, a pneumatic separation zone, a precipitation chamber, a hopper for receiving bulk material, a profiled channel, a flow regulator grain, a louvered separation grill, characterized in that it further comprises at least two formers of jets located in the air supply channel, at least ve shelves of a louvred separation grill with grain diffusers, a hard-impurity trap drum placed above the precipitation chamber, a brush mounted close to the trap drum, a hard-to-precipitated suction fan, the nozzle of which is mounted on the brush, a cyclone. 2. Grain aspirator according to claim 1, characterized in that the formers of the jets are made with a monotonous thickening of the cross-section, end with an end surface and are located opposite the shelves of the louvered separation grating with grain diffusers. 3. Grain aspirator according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that each shelf of the louvered separation grid in the lower part is made in the form of a diffuser of the grain flow. 4. Grain aspirator according to paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the diffuser of the grain flow is made in the form of a comb of rods of circular cross section, the distance between which is greater than the size of the cleaned grains. 5. Grain aspirator according to paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the cylindrical surface of the drum-trap of difficult to precipitate impurities is perforated with small holes of hexagonal shape.

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