RU2668566C2 - One-position multiplicative difference-relative method for determining of radio frequencies sources location coordinates - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio equipment; electronics.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radio monitoring systems for determining the location coordinates of radio emission sources (LCRES) of VHF-UHF ranges, both digital and analogue types of communications, information about which is not available in the database (for example, the state radio frequency service). At the heart of the method lies the energy principle, which consists in measuring (or calculating) the strength of the RES field and at several points in space with known coordinates of their location. At the same time, the intensity of the RES field at the radio monitoring post (RMP) is measured, and at the additional point (points) it is calculated. As an additional point, a virtual post (VP) is proposed, whose coordinates and the parameters of its virtual antenna (directional pattern and suspension height) are specified. When using n VP, they are placed not on one straight line with the RMP and are "removed" from it by latitude and (or) by longitude for several angular minutes. Calculation of the strength on the VP is based on the principle of the correlation dependence (CD) of the field strengths created by a multitude of sources of radio emission in a given frequency range, located, according to the database, in the zone of electromagnetic accessibility of the RMP and calculated both for RMP and for all given VP according to a certain program. To obtain a short-circuit, the electromagnetic-accessibility zone of the RMP relative to the latter is preliminarily divided into k direction-finding segments, perform a calculation of the field strength for the RMP and all given VPs produced by a plurality of radio emission sources in a given frequency range and form a short-circuit of the field strength of each VP from the field strength of the RMP. For direction-finding segments with a high correlation coefficient of the field intensities of the pairs of RMP-VP, for example, more than 0.7, and from the field strength of the desired RES measured at the RMP, the intensity is determined at the corresponding VP. On the basis of the resulting pairs of field strengths, the RMP-VP is sequentially determined by the LCRES: latitude – Xi and longitude – Yi and height – Zi by the criterion of reaching the extremum point or inflection multiplicative function (MPF) of the differences in the distance ratios of the possible location of the RES to each of the corresponding locations of the RMP-VP pairs and the corresponding inverse relations of signal levels obtained in these pairs, and taken in combinations of two or three. LCRES can be calculated by the method of successive approximation, steepest descent or dichotomy. In addition, the method can use a horizontal distance line, as a projection of the line of the oblique range on the horizontal plane xoy or as a line connecting the location of the radar (in our case, the RMP) with the purpose (RES), which significantly reduces the time to determine the coordinates of the location of the RES as compared to the search for coordinates along the entire space of the possible location of the RES.EFFECT: definition of LCRES by one RMP and n equal to or more than two VP.1 cl, 1 tbl, 8 dwg

Description

A single-position multiplicative difference-relative method for determining the location coordinates of radio emission sources (IRI) relates to the field of radio engineering, namely, radio monitoring systems for determining the location of radio frequency sources of VHF-microwave ranges, both digital and analog modes of communication, located both on Earth and and in space for which information is not available in the database (for example, the State Radio Frequency Service or the State Communications Supervision Service). The invention can also be used in the search for the location of radio communications, as possible sources of communication interference.

Known methods for determining the coordinates of the IRI, in which passive direction finders are used in an amount of at least three, the center of gravity of the region of intersection of the revealed azimuths of which at the wave arrival front is taken as the location estimate. The basic principles of operation of such direction finders are amplitude, phase, and interferometric [1, 2]. Their disadvantages include a high degree of complexity of antenna systems, switching devices and the need for multi-channel radios.

The presence in the federal districts of the state radio-frequency service interconnected through a central point of an extensive network of radio monitoring posts (RCP) equipped with means for receiving radio signals, measuring and processing their parameters, allows you to supplement their functions and tasks of determining the location of those IRI, information about which is not in the database, is not resorting to the use of complex and expensive direction finders.

Of other known methods and devices, close analogues of the proposed method according to the technical nature and intended for use in radio monitoring, can be [3, 4]. The method [3] is based on the reception of signals by three antennas forming two pairs of measuring bases, measuring the differences in the arrival time of the IRI signals and deterministic calculations of the desired coordinates.

The disadvantages of the method include:

1) A large number of antennas.

2) The method is not focused on the use of RCP.

3) Measuring bases for calculating the difference in the arrival times of the IRI signals by antenna pairs significantly limit the separation of these antennas, not to mention the inappropriateness and great technical complexity of the implementation of the method.

Diversity difference-range direction finding [4], consisting of two peripheral points, a central and a single time system. The peripheral points are intended for receiving, storing, processing signals and transmitting signal fragments to the CPU, on which the difference of the signal arrival time is calculated. In the system of single time, a chroniser is used, which represents the keeper of the current time scale (hours) attached to the scale of the single time, designed to bind the signal level values recorded in the memory to the value of the reception time.

This direction finder has the following disadvantages:

1) Not adapted to the RCP used in the branches of the federal districts of the state radio frequency service or the state service for supervision of communications.

2) A large number of specialized direction finding (but not radio monitoring) posts.

3) Unreasonable and unrevealed (at least until the functional diagram) application of a single time system on a CPU and time clocks on a PC synchronized with a single time system.

4) The need for radio channels with high bandwidth (up to 625 Mbaud) for the transmission of even fragments of signals from PP1 and PP2 to the CPU. 5) To organize a radio channel, radio transmitting devices and obtaining permission for their operation in certain operating conditions are required.

пеленг ИРИ

отличающийся тем, что бортовая вычислительная система (БВС) осуществляет разбиение участка местности вокруг ИРИ с грубо определенными прямоугольными координатами х_ц, z_ц на I×J прямоугольников с координатами центров х_i, z_i; для каждого прямоугольника и всех точек пеленгации рассчитывают ожидаемые значения пеленгов, затем осуществляют поиск элементарного участка местности возможного местоположения ИРИ, которому соответствует совокупность измеренных значений пеленгов, определяют текущее местоположение ИРИ по величине функционала качества, характеризующего степень соответствия текущей измеренной совокупности пеленгов и их ожидаемых расчетных значений, соответствующих элементарным участкам местности, координаты которых известны. При этом, в качестве функционала качества используется экстремум взаимно-корреляционной функции реализации

и

определяющий совпадение текущего местоположения ИРИ с измеренным элементарным участком местности, координаты которого известны, или взвешенные суммы квадратов разностей текущих измеренных и расчетных значений пеленгов

и

При этом, критерием совпадения текущей реализации пеленгов и их расчетных значений является минимум функционала

качества.The known goniometric-correlation method for estimating the location of ground-based sources of radio emission [5], which consists in the fact that on the plane of the direction finder simultaneously measure their own coordinates x (k), the angle

IRI bearing

characterized in that the on-board computer system (BVS) splits the terrain around the IRI with roughly defined rectangular coordinates x _c , z _c into I × J rectangles with the coordinates of the centers x _i , z _i ; for each rectangle and all direction finding points, the expected bearing values are calculated, then an elementary terrain is searched for the possible location of the IRI, which corresponds to the set of measured bearings, the current location of the IRI is determined by the value of the quality functional characterizing the degree of correspondence of the current measured set of bearings and their expected calculated values corresponding to elementary terrain, the coordinates of which are known. Moreover, the extremum of the cross-correlation function of the implementation is used as the quality functional

and

determining the coincidence of the current location of the IRI with the measured elementary area, the coordinates of which are known, or the weighted sum of the squares of the differences of the current measured and calculated values of bearings

and

Moreover, the criterion for the coincidence of the current implementation of bearings and their calculated values is the minimum of functionality

quality.

The disadvantages of this analogue:

1. The method is designed only for use on board a direction-finding aircraft,

2. Requires the measurement of the own coordinates of the location of the aircraft,

3. Requires preliminary rough determination of the coordinates of the location of the IRI (KMPIR),

4. Requires a breakdown of the area around the intended location of the IRI,

5. Requires the measurement of bearings on each plot of the terrain of a possible location of Iran

6. Not applicable to determine the coordinates of the location of the IRI in space.

There is also a technical solution [6], which relates to radar, in particular, to determine the location of radio sources. The technical result is the ability to determine the coordinates of the sources of radio emissions from a one-position ground-based radar station, regardless of terrain conditions.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that in a radar station containing a passive detection channel, including a series-connected antenna and a receiver, as well as a coordinate calculation unit containing a series-connected device for measuring the shift of received signals in time and a coordinate calculation device.

The essence of the proposed method is as follows.

(угол места) и

(азимут) используется объект, отражающий радиоизлучение этого источника При этом с помощью активного канала обнаружения, работающего в пассивном режиме, осуществляют операции поиска, обнаружения и измерения угловых координат (угла места -

и азимута -

) объекта, отражающего излучение, коррелированное с прямым излучением (т.е. осуществляют поиск отражающего объекта). По положению максимума взаимной корреляционной функции излучений, принятых двумя каналами обнаружения, определяют величину временного сдвига

этих излучений. После чего осуществляют зондирование направления с координатами

и измеряют дальность R₀ до объекта, при необходимости уточняют координаты

To determine the coordinates of the source of radio emission, two channels are used: passive and active detection channels. The whole system is placed in one position. The antenna of the passive detection channel is directed to the source and receives its direct radio emission. To measure the distance to a radio source with angular coordinates

(elevation angle) and

(azimuth) an object is used that reflects the radio emission of this source. In this case, using the active detection channel, operating in a passive mode, search, detect and measure the angular coordinates (elevation angle -

and azimuth -

) an object that reflects radiation, correlated with direct radiation (i.e., they search for a reflective object). By the position of the maximum of the mutual correlation function of the radiation received by the two detection channels, determine the value of the time shift

of these emissions. Then carry out sounding directions with coordinates

and measure the distance R ₀ to the object, if necessary, specify the coordinates

The disadvantages of this analogue are:

1. The method can be applied only to digital (discrete) forms of communication.

2. Two channels are needed: active and passive, which is completely unacceptable in military conditions of use due to the unmasking of funds.

3. The need to measure the shift of the received signals in time requires a tight synchronization system.

и азимута -

) объекта, отражающего излучение. При наличии множественных рассредоточенных в пространстве перемещающихся объектов, как, например, отражателей при постановке пассивных помех комплексам радиоэлектронного противодействия, способ оказывается не работоспособным.4. The need for search, detection and measurement of angular coordinates (elevation -

and azimuth -

) an object that reflects radiation. In the presence of multiple moving objects dispersed in space, such as, for example, reflectors when posing passive interference to electronic countermeasures, the method is not operable.

A solution is known [7], which can be an analogue of the proposed method.

The method [7] relates to passive radio monitoring systems and is intended to determine KMPIRI of the VHF-microwave ranges using digital (discrete) types of signals from one RCP. The method for determining the location of the IRI is based on measuring the direction of the IRI, estimating the relative time delay, followed by calculating the coordinates of the IRI as the point of intersection of the direction line to the source and the hyperbolic position line. All measurements are made at one receiving point. Moreover, the estimate of the relative time delay is determined by determining the discrepancy in the time of arrival of the signal from the source relative to the reference time scale, formed on the basis of the estimate of the time structure of the signal of the source, the location of which is assumed to be known, determined by comparing the estimates of the discrepancy in the time of arrival of signals from the sources with the known and estimated location, operating in a single synchronization system with digital (discrete) types of signals.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

one). The method applies only to digital (discrete) types of communication with a clearly defined period of pulse repetition of clock (cycle) synchronization, operating in a single synchronization system, the time parameters of which and the accuracy of their determination significantly affect the estimation of the relative time delay, and, therefore, the accuracy of determination coordinates of the desired IRI.

2) There is no decision to improve the accuracy of estimating the determination of the coordinates of the desired IRI, for example, by increasing the number of correspondents from the radio network and averaging the results of calculating the coordinates of the desired IRI for each of the correspondents of the radio network;

3) The frequency-time structure of the signal (the frequency (period) of the following pulses of clock (cycle) synchronization) must be a priori known (or accessible to estimation). Moreover, the estimation of the frequency-time structure of the signal leads to the appearance of an additional error in calculating the coordinates of the desired IRI and the appearance of additional time and hardware costs when implementing the method.

4) The scope of the method is limited to terrestrial communications.

5) The scope of the method is limited to the fact that for the implementation of the method it is necessary to have:

a) a special radio receiving device, in which an autocorrelator must also be introduced,

b) a direction finder that meets the requirements for sufficient direction finding accuracy, based on the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the desired IRI. The closest analogue selected for the prototype of the proposed method is [8].

и

мультипликативных функций, представляющих сочетания, взятые по два и по три, из вычисленных

парных сочетаний (М+1) разностей отношений расстояний, рассчитанных от точек измерения до местоположения искомого ИРИ по заданным его координатам, и вычисленных

парных сочетаний (М+1) обратных отношений соответствующих измеренных величин уровней сигналов искомого ИРИ с учетом дифракционных потерь на рассчитанных по цифровым картам местности трассах рапространения радиосигнала, дихотомически или методом наискорейшего спуска изменяют значение каждого из параметров местоположения ИРИ при неизменных значениях двух других и находят точки экстремумов

парных мультипликативных функций и точки перегиба

мультипликативных функций, взятых по три, фиксируя после N кратного

усреднения каждый найденный в этих точках параметр местоположения источника, как окончательный.In this multiplicative difference-relative method of a stationary-mobile determination of the coordinates of the location of a radio emission source, one stationary radio monitoring post is used as the base for measuring the IRI signal levels, and the mobile radio monitoring post is connected to the base communication line and moved by at least M ≥2 points the signal levels measured at the mobile and base radio monitoring post are at the last

and

multiplicative functions representing combinations taken in two and three from calculated

paired combinations (M + 1) of differences of the distance relations calculated from the measurement points to the location of the desired IRI at its given coordinates, and calculated

pair combinations (M + 1) of the inverse relations of the corresponding measured signal levels of the desired IRI taking into account diffraction losses on the radio propagation paths calculated using digital terrain maps, change the value of each of the IRI location parameters dichotomously or by the method of steepest descent with the values of the other two unchanged and find the points extreme points

paired multiplicative functions and inflection points

multiplicative functions taken in three, fixing after N multiple

averaging each source location parameter found at these points as final.

The main disadvantages of the prototype [8] are:

1) Multi-posting. Stationary and mobile radio monitoring post are required.

2) Multiposition. Measurement must be performed at several positions.

3) The need to use means of communication, which unmasks the location of the meters.

4) The high cost of the hardware when implementing the method and the high cost of its maintenance.

5) There is no solution to improve the accuracy of estimating the coordinates of the desired IRI, for example, by averaging the results of calculating the coordinates of the desired IRI.

и

мультипликативных функций, представляющих сочетания, взятые по нечетным

) и по четным

количествам сомножителей в этих функциях, где

и

- символы округления до большего и меньшего целого, из вычисленных n разностей отношений расстояний от n ВП к расстоянию РКП до местоположения ПТ и обратных отношений напряженностей поля сигналов искомого ИРИ, соответствующих этим расстояниям, а затем, равномерно или дихотомически или методом наискорейшего спуска или другим методом изменяют значение каждой из координат ПТ при неизменных значениях ее двух других и находят точки экстремумов

или перегиба

мультипликативных функций местоположения ПТ, координаты которых по всем

и

сочетаниям корректируют по калибровочным характеристикам пар РКП - ВП, представляющим зависимости разности вычисленных координат ПТ и истинных координат источников радиоизлучений, известных по соответствующей базе данных используемого РКП, как функции ошибки определения координат ПТ, а потом усредняют последние, и фиксируют, после этого их, как окончательные координаты местоположения искомого ИРИ,The aim of the present invention is to develop a method for determining the location coordinates of the IRI VHF microwave ranges from one RCP without the disadvantages inherent in the prototype. This goal is achieved using the features specified in the claims that are common with the prototype: a method for determining the coordinates of the location of the IRI, based on measuring the parameters of the desired IRI on one RCP and calculating the same parameters for posts whose location is assumed to be known, and distinguishing features, consisting in that they use the energy principle, which is the basis of both digital and analog types of communication, measure the field strength of the desired IRI and bearing on it, specify the coordinates of the location n virtual at least two posts (VP), in an amount of at least two, not lying on the same straight line and located at a distance of several angular minutes relative to the RCP, divide the zone of electromagnetic accessibility around the RCP into direction finding segments, calculate according to a specialized program [9], or similar her, the field strength at the location of the RCP and n VP created by each of the sources of radio emission of a given frequency range, known from the corresponding database of the used RCP, establish a correlation between voltage con- cern field on each of the n PE and field strength for the RCP, measured in the last field strength from the desired IRI and its magnitude and correlation determine the field intensity at the corresponding VP. The n ratios of the RCP field strength to the VP field strength are calculated. For direction finding segments with a maximum correlation coefficient, a search is made for the location coordinates of the radio source. Why: set the coordinates of the location of the test point (PT), as the current location of the desired IRI, are

and

multiplicative functions representing odd combinations

) and even

the number of factors in these functions, where

and

- symbols of rounding to a larger and smaller integer, from the calculated n differences of the ratios of the distances from n VP to the distance of the RCP to the location of the PT and the inverse ratios of the field strengths of the signals of the desired IRI corresponding to these distances, and then, uniformly or dichotomously or by the method of steepest descent or another method change the value of each of the coordinates of the PT at constant values of its two others and find the points of extrema

or inflection

multiplicative functions of the location of the PT, the coordinates of which over all

and

the combinations are corrected according to the calibration characteristics of the RCP - VP pairs, representing the dependences of the difference between the calculated coordinates of the PT and the true coordinates of the sources of radio emissions, known from the corresponding database of the used RCP, as a function of the error in determining the coordinates of the PT, and then averaging the latter, and fix them, after which final coordinates of the location of the desired IRI,

2. characterized in p. 1 in that according to the measured bearing and the coordinates of the location of the RCP, the equation of the line of inclined range is made and the PT is moved along it, and the preliminary coordinates of the location of the PT on this line are set at the maximum distance from the RCP, in accordance with the zone of its electromagnetic accessibility .

The initial conditions for implementing the method of on-off determination of the coordinates of the location of the IRI are:

1) The propagation space of radio waves is taken for free,

2) The antennas of the sought sources of radio emission are non-directional,

3) The measurement conditions and the location of the desired IRI during the measurement and calculation of the coordinates of its location do not change.

These conditions, in most cases, are fulfilled and do not limit the application of the method.

The claimed method is illustrated by drawings, which show:

FIG. 1 - the location of the RCP, VP, IRI,

FIG. 2 - correlation dependence of the field strength at one of the airspace and the field strength at the RCP,

FIG. 3 - the first type of multiplicative functions F _Th even products of differences of relations,

FIG. 4 - the second form of multiplicative functions F _nct products of odd differences of relations,

FIG. 5 is a calibration characteristic of the method in latitude,

FIG. 6 - calibration characteristic of the method for longitude,

FIG. 7 - the placement of the RCP, VP, projection slant range on the plane of the howe, the initial, intermediate and final position of the PT,

FIG. 8 is a projection of the slant range onto the xoz plane.

The one-way method is based on philosophical and physical principles. The philosophical principle of the method is based on the law of universal interconnection, which implies a stable, repeating connection between all objects, processes and systems on Earth and in the Universe. The law applies not only to the macrocosm, but also to any substance, every object located on our planet and throughout the Universe.

Atoms are combined into molecules, which are completely ordered in the composition of matter, giving it certain properties. The electromagnetic field of the radio transmitters creates tension at points in space that is directly proportional to the equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) and inversely proportional to the distance to the point of radiation reception. Field strengths at any point in the space of the electromagnetic accessibility zone (EMD) of radio facilities are mutually correlated. The ratio of the intensities at the points of reception does not depend on the EIRP of radio emissions and is inversely proportional to the distances. The smaller the distance between the points of reception located in the EMD zone, the closer the correlation coefficient to unity. From the law of universal interconnection also follows the philosophical principle of “maximum and minimum” Leibniz GV The principle itself is formulated as follows: a minimum of essence gives rise to a maximum of existence. “Nature is generous in its actions and thrifty in the reasons it uses” and everything in the world achieves maximum results with a minimum of funds. In particular, the use of several radio monitoring posts in the area of EMD of controlled radio transmitters is redundant. Having established experimentally or by calculation the correspondence of the EMD zone of the radio monitoring posts (RCP) and the EMD of radio transmitters, it is quite possible to limit ourselves to a minimum of essence (i.e., the number of RCP) for maximum existence. In general, in cognition this principle focuses on achieving maximum results with the help of a minimum of correctly chosen techniques and laws. Thus, the thrift of nature itself calls for such minimization of radio monitoring means that provides a solution to the problems of radio monitoring, in particular, determining the location coordinates of radio emission sources. What should be a minimum of information and what should be a minimum of funds for this? To determine the coordinates of the location of the source of radio emission on the plane (latitude and longitude), it is necessary to have two independent values of the field strength relations (when applying the energy principle of determining the coordinates). At the same time, the EIRP of radio emissions does not need to be known. That is, it is necessary to measure or calculate the tension at three spatially separated and not lying on one straight point. In this case, one can restrict oneself to measuring the field strength at one point using one RCP, and at two other points, having previously set their coordinates, calculate it based on the field correlation established between the points. You can additionally determine the azimuth to the desired source of radio emission at the same RCP. But this redundancy will not add new information about the coordinates, but only will minimize the process of calculating them. However, when determining the azimuth to the desired source of radio emission, one can limit oneself to calculating the field strength at only one point, relying on the field correlation established between the points. To determine the coordinates of the location of the source of radio emission in space, the amount of source data increases by one. But it is already necessary to determine not the azimuth, but the bearing to the desired source of radio emission.

The physical basis of the proposed method is the energy principle, which consists in measuring (or calculating) the field strength of the IRI at several points in space with known coordinates of their location. In this case, the field strength of the IRI on the RCP is measured, and calculated at an additional point (s). As an additional point in the method, a virtual post (VP) is proposed, the coordinates of which and the parameters of its virtual antenna (radiation pattern and suspension height) are set. When using n VP, they are placed not on one straight line with the RCP and are separated from it by several angular minutes. The calculation of the voltage at the airspace is based on the principle of the correlation dependence (CG) of the field strength on them, created in a given frequency range by a number of sources of radio emission located, according to the database, in the electromagnetic field of the RCP, from the field strength at the RCP, according to one specific program, for example, PR [9]. In this case, the directivity pattern of the virtual antenna and the height of its suspension for calculating the tension at the airspace are chosen the same as at the RCP. The main influence on the short circuit is provided by the distance and nature of the propagation path of radio waves when passing to the points of their reception. As an example, in FIG. Figure 2 shows the short-circuit of the field strengths between the RCP and one of the EPs. The determination of the coordinates of the location of the IRI is based on the multiplicative difference-relative principle when scanning the position of the test point (PT) through space, as the current possible location of the desired IRI, and fixing its position at which the multiplicative functions F _Th (Fig. 3) reach an extremum or the multiplicative functions F _ncht (Fig. 4) reach the inflection point.

Затем вычисляют попарные независимые отношения этих расстояний. Обозначив РКП цифрой 0, а цифрами 1, 2, 3…n номера соответствующих ВП, представим эти отношения расстояний в виде, например,

. Таких отношений может быть получено n. Аналогично составляют и обратные им отношения напряженностей полей, в которых индекс i, для различения с расстояниями, опущен:

Всего может быть также составлено n отношений. Полученные отношения сравнивают, путем вычитания, и получают функцию F попарных разностей отношений расстояний и обратных им отношений напряженностей. Например, эту разность для РКП и ВП₁ определяют, как F₀₁=(n_01i-n₁₀). Для РКП и ВП₂, как F₀₂=(n_02i-n₂₀).Let us consider in more detail the obtaining, of the above, of the multiplicative functions used when searching for the coordinates of the location of the IRI. After setting the initial position of the PT, by assigning coordinates to it, calculate the distance from the i-th location of the PT to each j-th point, including one RCP and all n VP (j = n + 1), according to the formula

Then calculate the pairwise independent relations of these distances. Denoting the RCP by the number 0, and by the numbers 1, 2, 3 ... n the numbers of the corresponding airspace, we present these distance relationships in the form, for example,

. Such a relationship can be obtained n. Similarly, they compose the inverse relations of field intensities, in which the index i, to distinguish with distances, is omitted:

In total, n relationships can also be composed. The obtained relations are compared, by subtraction, and a function F of pairwise differences of the distance relations and the inverse tension relations is obtained. For example, this difference for RCP and VP ₁ is determined as F ₀₁ = (n _01i -n ₁₀ ). For RCP and VP ₂ , as F ₀₂ = (n _02i -n ₂₀ ).

For RCP and VP _{P, it} is determined how F _0n = (n _0ni -n _n0 ). Such functions F _{0n are} pairwise independent differences of the distance relations and the inverse relations of the field strengths of their combinations in total; n functions can be composed. Of these pairwise differences of relations, the first type of multiplicative functions F _Th - are the functions containing an even number of factors in the form of difference of relations. For example, for pairs: RCP and RCPi VP ₂ : F _{Thu, 01.02} = F ₀₁ * F ₀₂

For pairs: RCP and VP ₁ and RCP and VP ₃ - F _{Thu, 01.03} = F ₀₁ * F ₀₃ .

For couples: RCP and VP ₁ , RCP and VP ₂ , RCP and VP ₃ RCP and VP ₄ -

таких функций.F _{Th01.02.02.03.04} = F ₀₁ * F ₀₂ * F ₀₃ * F ₁₀₄ , etc. Total can be compiled

such functions.

- n функций F_нчт, для которых находят точки их перегиба. Пример графического отображения таких функций приведен на фиг. 4. Координаты местоположения искомого ИРИ, при этом, могут вычисляться методом последовательного приближения, методом наискорейшего спуска или по методу дихотомии, например, методу поразрядного уравновешивания или другим методом. Для использования, например, метода поразрядного уравновешивания априори должны быть известны диапазоны D значений искомых величин. Эти диапазоны обычно известны, исходя из известных параметров зоны электромагнитной доступности используемых РКП. В соответствии с алгоритмом поразрядного уравновешивания, первоначально, путем присвоения, пробной точке (ПТ) задают, в качестве координат начального ее местоположения (см. фиг. 1.), среднее из диапазона D значение определяемой величины (например, широты) при фиксированных, но лежащих в известных диапазонах значений долготы и высоты. Если значение мультипликативной функции окажется меньше нуля, то к первоначальному значению широты местоположения ПТ добавляют 1/4 часть диапазона по широте. В противном случае из первоначального значения широты вычитают 1/4 часть диапазона ее значения. Затем, опять производят вычисление расстояний от нового положения ПТ до РКП и ВП и оценку результатов сравнения, как описано выше. При этом добавляют (или вычитают) уже 1/8 часть диапазона, затем 1/16 часть и т.д. Такие итерации продолжают до тех пор, пока результат сравнения не окажется по модулю меньше заранее заданного значения погрешности дискретизации каждого параметра местоположения

где m-количество итераций. После определения промежуточного положения ПТ (см фиг. 1), с координатой по широте, ближайшей к широте местоположения искомого ИРИ, приступают к вычислению по такому же алгоритму следующей координаты местоположения ПТ-долготы и высоты. Найденные координаты всех точек экстремумов М_чт и перегиба M_нчт мультипликативных функций по всем М_чт и М_Знчт сочетаниям представляют координаты конечного положения ПТ. Эти координаты корректируют по калибровочным характеристикам (КХ) пар РКП-ВП. Калибровочные характеристики представляет зависимость разности истинных значений широт, долгот и высот местоположения источников радиоизлучений, известных по соответствующей базе данных, так называемых базовых ИРИ, и вычисленных значений тех же параметров для тех же источников радиоизлучений, полученных в точках экстремума и перегиба мультипликативных функций, как функции ошибки определения координат. Калибровочные характеристики получают для всех пар РКП-ВП всех k пеленгационных сегментов. На фиг. 5 показан пример КХ по широте, а на фиг. 6. - по долготе. После корректировки координат конечного положения ПТ координаты усредняют по всем точкам экстремума и перегиба, и фиксируют, уже как окончательные координаты местоположения ПТ. То есть фиксируют, как искомые координаты местоположения ИРИ.For these functions, in order to determine the coordinates of the location of the desired IRI, find their extremum points. Examples of graphical display of even functions are shown in FIG. 3. They also make up the functions F _{nt of the} product of the odd differences of relations: three, five, seven, etc. For example, for the RCP, EP ₁ and EP _2: F _{ncht, 01.02.03} = F ₀₁ * F ₀₂ * F _03, may be composed Total

- n functions F _ncht , for which they find the inflection points. An example of a graphical display of such functions is shown in FIG. 4. The location coordinates of the desired IRI, in this case, can be calculated by the method of successive approximation, by the method of steepest descent, or by the method of dichotomy, for example, the method of bitwise balancing or other method. To use, for example, the method of bitwise balancing a priori, the ranges D of the values of the sought quantities must be known. These ranges are usually known based on the known parameters of the electromagnetic accessibility zone used by the RCP. In accordance with the bitwise balancing algorithm, initially, by assigning, the test point (PT) is set, as the coordinates of its initial location (see Fig. 1.), the average value from the range D of the determined value (for example, latitude) at fixed but lying in known ranges of longitude and altitude. If the value of the multiplicative function turns out to be less than zero, then 1/4 of the latitude range is added to the initial value of the latitude of the PT location. Otherwise, 1/4 of the range of its value is subtracted from the original latitude value. Then, again calculate the distances from the new position of the PT to the RCP and VP and evaluate the results of the comparison, as described above. In this case, 1/8 of the range is added (or subtracted), then 1/16 of the range, etc. Such iterations continue until the result of the comparison is in absolute value less than a predetermined value of the sampling error of each location parameter

where m is the number of iterations. After determining the intermediate position of the PT (see Fig. 1), with the latitude coordinate closest to the latitude of the location of the desired IRI, they proceed to calculate the following coordinate of the location of the PT-longitude and altitude using the same algorithm. Found coordinates of all extrema points and inflection _Th M M _ncht multiplicative functions for all M and M _{Thu Zncht} combinations represent the coordinates of the final position of the UT. These coordinates are adjusted according to the calibration characteristics (KX) of the RCP-VP pairs. The calibration characteristics are the dependences of the difference between the true values of the latitudes, longitudes and heights of the location of the sources of radio emissions, known from the corresponding database, the so-called basic IRI, and the calculated values of the same parameters for the same sources of radio emissions obtained at the points of extremum and inflection of multiplicative functions, as functions errors in determining coordinates. Calibration characteristics are obtained for all pairs of RCP-VP of all k direction finding segments. In FIG. 5 shows an example of a latitudinal latitude, and FIG. 6. - in longitude. After adjusting the coordinates of the final position of the PT, the coordinates are averaged over all points of the extremum and inflection, and fixed, already as the final coordinates of the location of the PT. That is, fix, as the desired coordinates of the location of the IRI.

Due to averaging, they increase the accuracy of determining the coordinates, which substantially depends on the total number of averagings M = M _Th + M _Lcht = 2 ⁿ - (n + 1), determined by the number of VPs taken as n. To assess the accuracy of determining the coordinates, we present a table of the number of averagings for a different number of VP.

раз. Например, при n=12 точность среднего линейного отклонения повышают в 4083 раз, а среднеквадратического отклонения - примерно в 64 раза, чем при однократном вычислении в прототипе.The table shows that, in contrast to the prototype, estimates of the average linear and standard deviation of the calculated coordinates can be significantly improved. The average linear deviation is reduced by M times, and the standard deviation by

time. For example, with n = 12, the accuracy of the average linear deviation is increased by 4083 times, and the standard deviation is approximately 64 times than with a single calculation in the prototype.

So, algorithmically, the method according to p. 1 of the claims provides for the following operations:

1. At the RCP, the field strength of the desired IRI is changed.

2. Break the zone of electromagnetic accessibility of the RCP into k direction finding segments with a width of each not exceeding the doubled average error in determining the bearing used for this purpose by the LPAS, setting the limit values for the coordinates of the segments.

3. Set the coordinates of n VP, with n at least 2, not lying on the same line with the RCP and located at a distance of several angular minutes from it.

4. Calculate the field strengths on the RCP and in each VP from radiation sources located in each of the k direction finding segments according to the RCP database using the program [9] or the like.

5. Establish the correlation dependence and the calibration characteristic of the RCP-VP pairs between the calculated field strengths on the RCP and at the location of each of the n VPs for all k direction finding segments.

6. From the measured field strength of the desired IRI and correlation dependences measured at the RCP, the field strength at each of the n VPs is determined.

во всех комбинациях.7. Calculate the ratio of field strengths

in all combinations.

8. Choose a method for determining the location coordinates of the desired IRI: the method of successive approximation, dichotomous (described above), or the method of steepest descent, or any other.

9. Set the initial coordinates of the location of the PT, as a point of the possible location of the desired IRI.

10. Calculate the distance R _ipkp from the i-th point of the location of the PT to the RCP and the distance R _ij to the j-th VP _j .

во всех комбинациях.11. Calculate the relationship of distances

in all combinations.

и нечетным

количеством сомножителей., представляющих произведения сомножителей в виде разностей отношений расстояний от РКП или ВП до ПТ и соответствующих им обратных отношений напряженностей поля,.12. Make up two groups of multiplicative equations with even

and odd

the number of factors., representing the products of the factors in the form of differences in the relationship of the distances from the RCP or VP to PT and the corresponding inverse relations of the field strengths.

13. Calculate, in accordance with the selected method, the coordinates of the location of the point until the multiplicative equations reach the points of extremum or inflection, using as the field strength on the RCP and VP the values obtained in paragraph 1 and paragraph 6.

14. The found coordinates of all extrema of M _Th or inflection M _hh multiplicative functions for all M _Th and M _hh combinations are corrected for the calibration characteristics of RCP-VP pairs.

15. The calibrated coordinates of the location of the desired IRI are averaged over all M = M _Th + M _{low for} combinations of multiplicative functions and recorded as the final coordinates of the location of the sought source of radio emission.

The implementation of the method according to claim 2 of the claims is illustrated in FIG. 7, which shows the horizontal range lines, such as the projection of the inclined range line on the horizontal plane of the hou, the placement of the RCP and VP, located around it at a distance of several angular minutes, the initial, one intermediate and final position of the PT, as well as the straight lines connecting the two VP, selected to explain the principle of operation, with the RCP and the initial, intermediate and final position of the PT. Under the oblique range line in radar is understood the line connecting the location of the radar (in our case, RCP) with the target (IRI). Initially, as indicated above in the description of the method according to claim 1, the position of the PT is set with its maximum distance from the RCP, in accordance with the zone of its electromagnetic availability, along the horizontal range line. Then, on the horizontal range line, it is found by any method, including numerical method, for example, by halving, such a position of the PT, in which the multiplicative function, representing, in various combinations of two and three, the product of the differences of the relations described in detail in paragraph . 1, does not reach extremum or inflection points. Thus, unlike p. 1, the AT does not move across the entire space of possible positions of the desired IRI, but only along the slant range line described by a system of two equations:

given by the coordinates of the location of the RCP (x _a , y _a ) and the measured bearing on the IRI (azimuth ϕ and elevation angle γ). The first equation of the system describes the horizontal range as the projection onto the horizontal plane of the line of the inclined range with the azimuth ϕ with and the elevation angle γ, and allows one to calculate one of the coordinates of the PT from the found other coordinate of the extreme points M _Th or for M _Ncht inflection points of multiplicative functions, for example , calculate the latitude at the found longitude or, conversely, calculate the longitude from the found latitude. The second equation describes the direct elevation shown in FIG. 8, as a projection on the vertical plane xoz of the oblique range line, and allows you to calculate the height z of the location of the IRI, based on one of the coordinates found or previously calculated (for example, longitude). This method significantly reduces the time of determining the coordinates of the location of the IRI compared with the search for coordinates throughout the space of the possible location of the IRI, described in the description of claim 1 of the claims of the present invention. For example, to determine the coordinates with an accuracy of one meter, with the size of the space volume of the possible IRI location equal to 16 × 16 × 16 kM, it is necessary to perform 4 * 10 ¹² consecutive movements with the definition of extrema or inflection points of multiplicative functions in each position of the PT M _th . When searching for the coordinates of the location of the IRI in space by the dichotomous method with the same accuracy, it will be necessary to perform no more than 3 * 14 = 42 PT movements, when searching using the oblique range line - only 14 movements.

The analysis of the prior art allows us to establish that the analogues and the closest of them are the prototype, characterized by a combination of features that are identical to all the features of the proposed method for determining the coordinates of the IRI, are absent and, therefore, the claimed method has the property of novelty.

The study of known solutions in this and related fields of technology in order to identify signs that match the distinctive features of the prototype of the features of the proposed method showed that it does not follow explicitly from the prior art, from which the influence of transformations provided for by the essential features of the claimed invention is also not known, to achieve the specified result, which allows us to consider the claimed object corresponding to the level of patentability "inventive step".

Information sources

1. The collection of materials of continuing education courses for specialists of radio frequency centers of federal districts. Book 2. - SPb .: SPbSUT. 2003.

2. Lipatnikov V.A., Solomatin A.I., Terentyev A.V. Direction finding. Theory and practice. SPb YOU, 2006 - 356 s.

3. Difference-range measuring method of direction finding of a source of radio emission. RF patent №2325666, C2. Authors: Saibel A.G., Sidorov P.A.

4. Diversity differential range finder direction finder. RF patent No. 2382378, C1. Authors: Ivasenko A.V., Saibel A.G., Khokhlov P.Yu.

5. Goniometric-correlation method for determining the location of ground-based sources of radio emission. RF patent No. 2458358, C1. Authors: Verba V.S., Gandurin V.A., Kosogor A.A., Merkulov V.I., Milyakov D.A., Teterukov A.G., Chernov V.S.

6. A method for determining the coordinates of a source of radio emission and a radar station for its implementation. RF patent 2217773 C1. Authors: Belyaev B.G., Golubev G.N., Zhibinov V.A., Kislyakov V.I., Luzhnykh S.N.

7. A method for determining the sources of radio emissions. RF patent №2248584 C2. Author (s): Luzinov V.A. (RU), K.V. (RU).

8. The multiplicative difference-relative method of a stationary-mobile determination of the coordinates of the location of radio emission sources. RF patent No. 2558637 C2. Authors: Loginov Yu.I., (RU), Ekimov O.B., (RU), Antipin B. M., (RU), Gritsenko A.A., (RU), Portnago L.B. (RU).

9. Design and analysis of radio networks. Description and instruction manual. Yaroslavl, 2009.

Claims (2)

1. A single-position multiplicative difference-relative method for determining the coordinates of the location of sources of radio emission, based on measuring the parameters of the desired IRI on one RCP and calculating the same parameters for posts whose location is assumed to be known, and distinguishing features, consisting in the fact that they use the energy principle, which is the basis of both digital and analog modes of communication, measure the field strength of the desired IRI and bearings on it, set the coordinates of the location of n virtual posts in (VP), in an amount of at least two, not lying on the same straight line and located at a distance of several angular minutes relative to the RCP, the electromagnetic accessibility zone around the RCP is divided into k direction finding segments, the field strength at the RCP location and n VP created each of the sources of radio emission of a given frequency range, known from the corresponding database of the RCP used, establishes a correlation between the field strength at each of the n VP and the field strength at the RCP, measured by in the ice field strength from the desired IRI and its magnitude and correlation dependence determine the field strength at the corresponding airspace, calculate n ratios of the field strength of the RCP to the field strength of the airspace, for direction finding segments with a maximum correlation coefficient, search for the coordinates of the location of the radiation source, for which: set the coordinates the location of the test point (PT) as the current location of the desired IRI, are two groups of multiplicative equations

and odd

by the number of factors representing the products of the differences in the relationship of the distances from the RCP or VP to the PT and the corresponding inverse relations of the field strengths taken from odd

and even

values of odd Mncht (fncht) and even Mcht (fcht) functions, where

but

and

- symbols of rounding to a larger and, accordingly, smaller integer, from the calculated n differences of the ratios of the distances from n VP to the distance of the RCP to the location of the PT and n inverse ratios of the field strengths of the signals of the desired IRI corresponding to these distances, and then uniformly or dichotomously or by the method of steepest descent changing the value of each of the FET at constant values of coordinates of its two other points and find extrema M _n or M _nch kink multiplicative functions Fr locations, the coordinates of which all the M _n and M _h combinations is corrected by calibration characteristics pairs RCP - VI representing the dependence of the difference calculated coordinates Fr and true coordinates emitters known from the appropriate database used RCP as a function of the error in determining the UT coordinates, and then averaged over the last, and fixed thereafter them as final coordinates location of the desired IRI / 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that according to the measured bearing and the coordinates of the location of the RCP make the equation of the inclined range line and the PT move along it, and the preliminary coordinates of the location of the PT on this inclined range line are set at the maximum distance from the RCP, in accordance with area of its electromagnetic accessibility.

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