RU2665077C1 - Removable devices (structures) for shovels and scrapers-movers, making easier the work of janitors at cleaning of snow, sand, mud, waste and other pollution on the cleared sites - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: municipal engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to housing and communal services, in particular to hand tools for cleaning snow, chipped ice, sand, dirt, garbage and other pollution in the courtyards of residential buildings, footpaths (sidewalks), along the curbs of roads, construction, sports, station or other grounds. Hand tool for cleaning contaminants includes removable structures fixed on a hand tool, in the form of a nozzle-tip, arc-shaped plate-strips, an axis with wheels and a trapezoidal handle for cuttings. Back of the nozzle-tip has ribs-convexes with pointed ends curved to the front side by 0.5–1.0 degrees. Arc-shaped plate-strips are strengthened on the back side of the working bodies in the form of flexible elastic cushioning arc-shaped plate-strips, on their semicircular ends are made holes for the installation and strengthening of the axis with wheels used during the snowless period. Trapezoidal handle has the ability to fit on the shovel shank.EFFECT: invention makes it easier to work as a janitor and increase labor productivity.1 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to housing and communal services, in particular to hand tools for cleaning snow, crushed ice, sand, dirt, debris and other pollution in the courtyards of residential buildings, pedestrian walkways (sidewalks), at the sides of the curb of street roads, sports, construction, station or other cleaned sites.

State of the art

Known shovel for snow removal (No. 53684), IPC E01H 5/04, containing a rectangular cloth with a support element, a rectangular metal heel that is rigidly attached to the end of the canvas, forming a single plane with it, the handle and the attachment elements of the handle to the canvas, characterized the fact that the heel is made of tool steel and removable, the attachment elements of the handle are made in the form of removable clamps and attached to the bottom surface of the blade, and the half-clamp located further from the heel has a larger hole for the cut compared to the second poluhomutom, and comprises a hole for fixing a handle to the blade, wherein the width of the printed cloth is 2-18 cm, and thickness of 1-2 mm.

2. A shovel according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the shank is 30-40 mm, the length of the shank is 120-170 cm, and the width of the blade is 30-60 cm (analog). Such design improvements can maintain the low cost of manufacturing the product, significantly increase the reliability and durability of the use of the product, because direct contact with the cleaned surface is carried out by a steel heel, which is more durable and does not cause any curvature of the sheet itself. The attachment of the handle to the lower surface of the canvas allows you to keep the upper surface of the canvas smooth and eliminate possible adhesion of snow to the fastening elements during snow removal (analog).

The disadvantages of the shovels of this design include:

1. The absence of stiffeners and sliding ribs on a removable heel of a rectangular shape, which, of course, shortens its service life and, very importantly, does not help reduce friction, which, as you know, increases with the movement of the shovel forward, in contact with the retractable surface, especially with cargo, which leads to unnecessary labor costs.

2. The shovel does not have flexible sliding devices and a removable trapezoidal handle that could facilitate the work of the janitor.

The patent (RF 2250171), classes: IPC B62B 1/14; E02F 3/02; E01H 5/02 (hand tools).

The invention relates to vehicles, driven manually, in particular to uniaxial hand trucks, and can be used for work in agriculture - on current, when caring for livestock; in housing and communal services when cleaning snow, garbage, road works.

A trolley-shovel for household work, containing running wheels, a shovel mounted on them with the ability to move in a longitudinal vertical plane, a handle pivotally connected to a shovel, a handle fixing mechanism, characterized in that the shovel is mounted directly on the axis of the running wheels, in the center of the rear wall of the shovel in the longitudinally vertical plane, a link is installed with grooves made in its upper edge for fixing the handle, which is made in a T-shape with the possibility of movement along the wings, rigidly connected to the axis of the running wheels, the diameter of which is 1 / 4-1 / 5 of the length of the bottom of the shovel, the front part of the shovel is wider than the rear part by three times the width of one running wheel, the locking mechanism is located on the T-shaped handle containing a latch connected from below by means of a spring with a T-handle, and from above by means of a rod with a handle of the locking mechanism.

The main disadvantages:

1. The absence of a removable heel pad on the front widened part of the shovel spade, with the presence of stiffeners, which also perform the function of reducing friction, especially when loading the shovel with cleaned loads.

2. On the reverse side of the shovel, no devices are provided, for example, flexible, shock-absorbing narrow metal plates that facilitate the work of the janitor.

The shovel prototype closest to the claimed invention is: patent (RU 2253205 C2) IPC А01В 1/02, Е01115 / 02 "Shovel and its working body", including a bucket-shaped case with a front edge section in the form of a blade equipped with a reinforcing nozzle, and means for connecting to a handle handle, characterized in that the nozzle is made in a V-shaped section, one branch of which is located on the front side of the blade of the case, and the other branch has at least one fastening element and is located on the back side of the blade of the case, on which at least one element corresponding to the attachment element of the nozzle is made.

Clause 12 of the claims reads as follows: “A shovel, including a handle and a working body connected with each other, having a bucket-shaped body, with a front edge portion in the form of a blade equipped with a nozzle, and the working body is made according to any one of paragraphs. 1-11 ", and in paragraph 13 it is noted that" Shovel according to claim 12, characterized in that the handle stalk is connected to a plastic handle.

The disadvantages of the invention are:

1. The V-shaped nozzle of the blade does not have reinforcing ribs, contributing, moreover, to reduce friction, especially when moving a shovel with a load, which does not lead to a reduction in energy consumption.

2. On the back side of the working plane of the shovel, flexible, shock-absorbing devices in the form of narrow metal plates are not provided to facilitate the work of the janitor.

3. The plastic handle is firmly connected to the handle, and in some cases (for example, when cleaning small areas) it is more convenient to use it with the smooth end of the handle and, at the same time, the weight of the shovel is reduced.

In the section (http://poleznayamodel.ru/model/154570, html) patent search, 2012-2017. there is information about the patent for the utility model “Scraper for cleaning snow, dirt, debris”, containing a working body in the form of a rectangular sheet of welded alloy AMr6 with a thickness of at least 2 mm, consisting of a horizontal and inclined plane, while the edge of the inclined plane has a sharpening not less than 1 mm and is a cutting edge. It was noted that the lower surface of the web in contact with the surface being cleaned is made smooth, even, devoid of constructive relief depressions and bulges. As a result, the effect of improving the contact of the web with the surface being cleaned is obtained.

We selected this invention as a prototype for a scraper propulsion.

Identified deficiencies:

1. The executed lower surface of the web in contact with the surface being cleaned, smooth, even, devoid of constructive relief depressions and bulges increases the friction of the shovel during its movement, especially with the load.

2. The facilitating devices are not provided when working with a scraper in the winter conditions and in the snowless period.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The aim of the invention is to eliminate the identified shortcomings, both analogues and prototypes.

The technical result, the achievement of which this solution is directed, is the simplicity of the recommended removable devices (structures) for shovels and scraper-movers, aimed at facilitating and increasing the productivity of the janitor.

The proposed devices are recommended for equipping with them all types of shovels and scraper-movers having working bodies in the form of rectangular shapes and currently used for cleaning snow, sand, dirt, debris and other contaminants in the cleaned areas.

The technical result is achieved using the following removable devices (structures):

1. On the reverse working surface of the shovels and scraper-propulsors are installed at convenient distances and at an acceptable angle in the range of 45-60 degrees (determined by each user individually, depending on the growth and length of the hands, for this purpose the design provides the ability to perform these operations) from their front parts are two narrow (to reduce friction), which have lightness, but at the same time strength and flexibility with shock-absorbing properties, arcuate metal plate strips (possibly round in the form of wires diameter) with rounded ends (to reduce friction), in the center of which there are holes designed for mounting an additional device necessary for working with products in a snowless period.

Flexible metal plate strips easily glide over the surface cleared of snow without requiring special efforts, hands can be said to rest, since the shovel stalk only adheres slightly, and the main load falls on the body. It should be noted that when lifting a shovel with a load (for example, with snow), flexible arcuate plate-strips, shock absorbing, help to lift it, thereby facilitating, to some extent, the work of the janitor. A positive point is that the shovel and scraper-mover do not need to be laid on the ground or lean against the wall or fence, but left right at the site of cleaning the site (they are stable at the angle at which they worked, this is facilitated by arched strip-plates) , which allows you not to waste your energy in vain and provide an opportunity to rest the janitor.

To facilitate labor during the snow-free period, the corresponding axes with 2 wheels with a diameter of at least 3 cm for a shovel and a diameter of at least 5 cm for movers are inserted and fixed into the holes of the rounded ends of flexible arcuate plate-strips.

2. A V-shaped nozzle-tip with ribbed protrusions and a blade on the back of the working bodies, the ends of the protrusions being pointed and bent to the upper front side from 0.5 to 1.0 degrees. The sharpness and curvature of the ribbed protrusions make it easy to penetrate into the components to be cleaned, helping to reduce the friction of the working body of the shovel and propulsion scraper when they move forward along the surface to be cleaned, especially with a load, which reduces labor costs and increases labor productivity.

3. A trapezoidal handle inserted on the end of the shovel shank (made mainly of solid wood) with a fastening device (a clamp with a screw and a “wing” for twisting). The presence of narrow slots on the plug-in sleeve makes it easy to fit it on the shovel stalk and adjust to some extent the length of the stalk, then securing it again with a clamp. The handle is easily removable and, if necessary, re-fits on the end of the shovel handle. It should be noted that the trapezoidal handle is more convenient to use when raking snow from large areas, since a large load falls on the body casing, and for small ones it has a shovel handle with a smooth rounded end, since the body casing is less stressed and its weight, at the same time, slightly, but still declining.

Based on the analysis of the prior art by the applicant, it has been found that there are no analogues and prototypes characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention, which meets the conditions of “novelty” and “inventive step”.

Removable devices (structures) are illustrated by the following drawings: in FIG. 1 - shows a General view of the shovel (front side) with the working bodies; in FIG. 2 is a side view of a shovel; in FIG. 3 - view of the shovel from the back; in FIG. 4 - V-shaped removable nozzle-tip; in FIG. 5 - the shape of the screw with nut for attaching the nozzle-tip to the front of the shovel; in FIG. 6 - removable, flexible arcuate metal strip strip; in FIG. 7 - the shape of the bolt and nut for attaching the fastening device to the rear side, designed to insert and remove the strip strips, which, in turn, are fixed by twisting and unscrewing the “wing” bolts; in FIG. 8 - removable axis with wheels and other parts; in FIG. 9 - the installation site of the axis in the assembled form at the ends of the arcuate plate-strips; in FIG. 10 is a view from the front of the scraper propulsion; in FIG. 11 - removable V-shaped strip-nozzle; in FIG. 12 - a bolt with a nut for attaching a removable nozzle-tip; in FIG. 13 - the back side of the scraper propulsion; in FIG. 14 - removable axis assembly.

Explanations of the essence of individual parts of removable devices (structures):

In FIG. 1 shows the main details of the shovel: its flat part 1, sides 2, removable nozzle-tip 3, with ribs-protrusions 4, blade 5, holes 15 (Fig. 1, 3, 4), a bolt with a screw 16 (Fig. 5) , handle 6, attachment of handle 7, a removable trapezoidal handle having on the nozzle sleeve 8, a clamp with a screw that is screwed with a “wing” to fasten it on the handle 9, moreover, narrow slots are made on the nozzle sleeve of the handle, contributing to the convenience of its nozzle on the handle, holes 10 for attaching flexible arcuate plate-strips 11, at the end of which The holes 12 are provided for mounting the removable axis 17 with wheels 18 (Fig. 8), a fastening device with flaps 13 for temporarily securing removable arcuate plate-strips (Fig. 6), bolts with nuts 14 for securing the fastening device on the rear side the working plane (Fig. 7), the shoulders 19 on the axis 17 for fixing the wheels 18, the bush 20, the washer 21, the “wing” nut 22 for fixing the axis to the ends of the flexible plate strips.

In FIG. 10 shows the main parts of the scraper-mover on the front side: the flat surface of the scraper-mover 1, a removable nozzle-tip 3, a U-shaped handle 23, anti-slip (rubber or other) coatings on the upper part of the handle 24, in FIG. 13 - the back side of the scraper-mover 1, removable flexible arcuate plate-strips 11, fastenings of the U-shaped handle to the blade of the scraper-mover 7, fasteners for removable flexible arcs 13, a sample of a bolt with a nut for fixing them by the mounting plate 14, holes 10 for the passage of the bolts 14 and secured with nuts, the holes 15 for inserting the bolts and secured with the nuts of the removable nozzle-tip 3, the tip of the tip 5, the ribs-protrusions of the tip 4, the sample bolt with nut 16 for fixing the removable nozzle-tip (Fig. 12), removable axis one 7, having shoulders 19 for fixing the wheels 18, removable sleeves 20, washers 21, twisting nuts “wing” 22 (Fig. 8).

The proposed removable devices (structures) work as follows:

1. When working with a shovel in winter conditions, to facilitate labor, a V-shaped nozzle-tip is attached, which has a sharp blade on the front end, and on the back side ribs-protrusions with pointed and bent ends in the front side by 0.5-1, 0 degrees, which give the structural strength and contribute to a better implementation of the working part of the shovel, when it moves forward, into the components to be cleaned and, at the same time, reduce friction, especially increasing when moving with cargo (snow, sand, dirt, debris, etc.), which allows to some extent reduce s labor.

2. When cleaning snow and other removable components from the areas to be cleaned, two narrow, quick-detachable, flexible, shock-absorbing, arched, metal plate strips with rounded ends (to minimize friction during movement) are installed in the middle of the holes in the middle of the shovel , in which in the future (for work in a snowless period) a removable axle with wheels and other provided parts is inserted.

Such a device facilitates the work of the janitor, not only when moving the shovel forward with the load, but also during rest, since the shovel can be left right at the place of cleaning, and not put on the surface to be cleaned, lowering and raising it, or lean against the fences and walls of various buildings and structures , since the arcuate plate-strips firmly hold it in working condition at a certain angle, which saves power.

A positive point should also be attributed to the fact that when lifting a shovel with a load up, plate-strips with shock-absorbing properties help reduce energy consumption during the work of the janitor.

3. For the convenience of working with a shovel (for example, when cleaning snow from large areas), a removable trapezoidal handle made of plastic or other light but durable materials is provided.

The handle sleeve is made in such a way that there are narrow slots on it, so that it is easily inserted on the upper end of the shank of the shovel and is firmly pressed by the expanded collar by means of a “wing” bolt. In this case, the length of the handle can be adjusted by moving the sleeve at a certain distance, and then secured again with a clamp.

When cleaning contaminants from small areas, it is more convenient to use without the use of a trapezoid handle, in addition, the weight of the shovel handle is also reduced.

4. For working with a shovel in a snowless period, an attachment axis is attached to it, the main element of which is two removable wheels with closed internal bearings, which have minimal friction and other parts that are part of the structure.

The use of such an axis with a complete set will facilitate the work of the janitor when cleaning dirt and other contaminants from surfaces to be cleaned, including when cleaning near roadside curb walls.

5. The technology of using removable devices (structures), with the exception of the trapezoid handle, on the scrapers - propulsors is the same as that of shovels.

The manufacturability and simplicity of devices (structures) make it possible to quickly establish their high-quality production, designed for shovels and scraper-propulsors, including those currently in operation.

The advantage of this invention is that the supply of shovels and scraper-movers quick-detachable devices (simple designs) will help to ease the work of the janitor, both in winter conditions and in snowless periods.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

A hand tool for cleaning dirt from road surfaces, including removable structures mounted on a hand tool, in the form of a nozzle-tip, arcuate plate strips, an axle with wheels and a trapezoid handle for cuttings, characterized in that the back of the nozzle-tip has ribs bulges with pointed ends bent to the front by 0.5-1.0 degrees, arcuate plate strips are fixed on the back of the working bodies in the form of flexible elastic shock absorbing arcuate plate-floor sedges, at their semicircular ends, holes were made for mounting and strengthening the axle with wheels used when working in a snowless period, and the trapezoidal handle has the ability to fit on the shovel handle.

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