RU2664089C1 - Universal container for transportation of packaged and loose goods - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation; packing and storage.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to transport containers, in particular to universal large-capacity ISO containers for the transport and storage of packaged and loose goods. Container for carrying packaged and loose goods comprises at least one cargo loading hatch and at least one cargo discharge hatch located at the bottom of the container sidewall and end doors. Container is further provided with unloading sheets that are pivotally mounted within the container to form surfaces inclined toward the side walls, and end stops for the placement of unloading sheets on them when forming surfaces inclined towards the side walls.EFFECT: increased performance characteristics of the container for the transport of goods is achieved.10 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to transport packaging, in particular to universal large-capacity containers of the ISO standard for the transportation and storage of unit-piece and bulk cargoes.

So, from the prior art, a container body for transporting bulk cargo is known, which contains a body, sections with inclined sheets, hatches with covers and a mechanism for locking the covers (Copyright certificate No. 1168450, published on 07.23.1985).

A disadvantage of the known solution is that the container is designed to transport only bulk cargo and is not universal.

Universal containers are known for transporting a wide range of goods with a pneumatic unloading device (see RF patent No. 139281, published April 10, 2014, and RF patent No. 140421, published May 10, 2014) Unloading hatches are made in the floor of the container. Inside the container, when transporting bulk goods, there is a pneumatic unloading device. Bulk cargo is unloaded at the opening of the unloading hatch and air supply to the pneumatic unloading device.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are either the need to tilt the container during unloading or the use of additional equipment for pumping air into the pneumatic unloading device.

Also known from the prior art is a self-unloading container body containing bottoms configured to be moved from an inclined position to horizontal due to their articulated connection to the body frame, discharge hatches with a locking mechanism (see Copyright Certificate No. 1782806, published on December 23, 1992) .

The main disadvantage of this solution is the lack of tightness of the universal container for the transport of piece and bulk cargo with the possibility of self-unloading. The presence of gaps between the inclined bottoms and the ends of the container leads to the ingress of bulk cargo into the container's internal cavity and onto the floor of the container, which leads to loss of cargo, since the cargo is not completely spilled out of the container, and the floor of the container is contaminated by cargo residues. Insufficient clamping force of locking mechanisms for unloading hatches also leads to the possibility of spilling cargo and does not provide the necessary tightness of the universal container. The lack of loading hatches leads to increased dusting of bulk cargo when loading it into an open container. Another disadvantage is the complex mechanism for holding the bottoms in an inclined position. The container body is permanently mounted on a car chassis and can be used only when transporting bulk and other goods only by road. The loading volume of the container body due to the installed unloading device is less than that of a similar body without an unloading device.

In addition, these technical solutions do not allow unloading bulk cargo into the hold of a vessel without human intervention.

For the closest analogue to the patented solution, a large-capacity universal container was adopted for transporting a wide range of goods (RF patent No. 139281, published on 04/10/2014), containing a body consisting of a floor, side and end walls, one of which has a door, roofs with loading hatches and discharge hatches.

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is the need to tilt the container when unloading bulk cargo. In addition, the speed of unloading bulk cargo will not be large enough, which will require considerable time.

The technical problem to which this invention is directed is the expansion of the arsenal of technical means by providing the possibility of transporting bulk cargoes, in addition to tare-piece cargoes, including bulk goods with high corrosivity, as well as creating a simple and reliable container design with self-unloading of a universal container under the action of gravity of the cargo itself without tilting the container relative to the longitudinal or transverse axes, without the use of any additional unloading x devices, while maintaining high sealing, reliability and corrosion resistance of the container.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of this invention is to improve the operational characteristics of the container for transporting goods, by ensuring the transportation of both packaged and bulk goods with the possibility of self-unloading with tightness.

The specified technical result is achieved in a container for the transport of packaged and bulk cargo, containing at least one hatch for loading goods and at least one hatch for unloading goods located in the lower part of the side wall of the container, end doors, unloading sheets fixed inside the container can be rotated to form surfaces inclined toward the side walls, and end stops for unloading sheets on them when forming side surfaces inclined towards the side walls ostey.

Due to the implementation of the container for the transport of packaged and bulk cargo with at least one hatch for loading goods and at least one hatch for unloading goods located in the lower part of the side wall of the container, with end doors, unloading sheets fixed inside the container with the possibility rotation for the formation of surfaces inclined towards the side walls, and with end stops for unloading sheets to be placed on them during the formation of surfaces inclined towards the side walls, increase operational characteristics of the container for the carriage of goods, due to the provision of transportation of both unit-piece and bulk cargo with the possibility of self-unloading with ensuring tightness.

In a particular case, the unloading sheets of one of the sides are movably fixed with the floor of the container.

In particular, the container for the transportation of packaged and bulk cargo is equipped with two end sheets mounted on the ceiling with the possibility of rotation to close both ends of the container body, which further increases the tightness of the container, excluding spillage of bulk cargo.

In particular, end stops for positioning discharge sheets on them when forming surfaces inclined toward the side walls of the surfaces are made on end sheets.

In particular, the unloading hatch is a lid attached to the side wall of the container by means of hinges, equipped with a locking device for reliable and tight closing.

In particular, the locking device of the discharge hatch comprises two brackets located on the container, a locking rod with hooks at the ends, mounted on the cover of the discharge hatch by means of round bushings, while the locking rod is made with eccentrics, which abut against the cover of the discharge hatch and ensure tightness its closure.

In particular, the locking device comprises a starting lever located in the middle of the locking rod and pivotally connected to it with the possibility of tight fit to the locking rod in the transport position and becoming at an angle of 90 ° relative to the locking rod in the unloading position. In turn, the trigger lever of the locking device contains a latch made in the form of a spring-loaded pin that moves inside the trigger lever and enters in the discharge position of the trigger lever in the hole in the locking rod. By means of the clamp, the starting lever is rigidly fixed at an angle of 90 ° to the locking rod, as well as the possibility of transmitting rotational movement to it around its longitudinal axis, while the clamp is equipped with an exhaust ring located on the clamp and providing the ability to raise the pin, overcoming the force of the unloaded spring, and thereby release the trigger to bring it into transport position.

In particular, to prevent the contact of bulk cargo with metal parts of the inner surfaces of the container, the floor, inner surfaces of all side walls and unloading hatches of the container are glued with plywood or anti-corrosion material that protects the inner surfaces of the container.

In particular, when transporting bulk cargo with a small particle size and a high yield coefficient, in order to ensure the safety of the cargo inside the container when the prism is assembled, a disposable, waterproof bag matching the shape of the inner surface of the container can be installed in the container.

In particular, in order to increase the strength of the unloading prism, the side unloading sheet is made with additional stops having the shape of a rectangular isosceles triangle, providing the necessary additional rigidity of the unloading sheets when surfaces are inclined toward the side walls.

Further, the invention is illustrated by an example of a specific implementation and drawings.

In FIG. 1 is a side view of a container in a position for transporting bulk goods.

In FIG. 2 is an end view of the container of FIG. 1.

In FIG. 3 is a side view of the container in the position for the transport of packaged goods.

In FIG. 4 is an end view of the container of FIG. 3.

In FIG. 5 is a view of a discharge hatch with a locking device.

In FIG. 6 is a view of the end wall of the container with end stops on the inside.

In FIG. 7 is a view of the additional stop of the unloading sheet.

According to the claimed invention, a universal container of the ISO standard for the transport of packaged and bulk cargoes (hereinafter referred to as the container), schematically shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, has a standard floor 2, two standard end doors in the end wall 3, a blind end wall 4, which together forms a housing 1. On the roof of the container there is at least one loading hatch 5. At the bottom of each of the side walls of the container there is one or more discharge hatches 6 on each side, each hatch is equipped with a locking device 7, Wola open container unloading hatch of the discharge site (for example, ship's hold) automatically. Unloading sheets 9 are attached to the lower part of the side walls of the container from the inside at the junction of the side wall and the floor 2 of the container with a movable joint 8 with the possibility of their rotation from vertical to horizontal position.

From the top in front of the end wall and end doors, end sheets 11 are attached, attached by a movable joint 10 to the ceiling, lowering from top to bottom to the floor and completely covering the end wall and the end door opening. Unloading 9 and end 11 sheets are made of material not subject to corrosion.

The unloading 9 and end 11 sheets are fixed inside the container in such a way that they can freely move relative to the end 3, 4 and side walls of the container due to the movable connection 8 and 10 with the floor 2 and the roof of the container. The maximum movement of the unloading sheets 9, 11 relative to the side or end walls of the container is 90 degrees. Thus, if two end sheets 11 and two unloading sheets 9 are omitted from the opposite walls of the container inside the container, then they form an isosceles triangular unloading prism, the lateral sides of which are unloading sheets 9 and floor 2 of the container, and the bases - end sheets 11 of the container, with the angle of the unloading sheets 9, 45 degrees relative to the side walls of the container.

End stops 12 for location on them and reliable fastening of the discharge sheets 9 when the surfaces are inclined toward the side walls are made on the end sheets 11. The end stops 12, when the discharge sheets 9 are located on them, ensure the tightness of the container, prevent bulk cargo from waking up in the gap between the discharge sheets 9 and end sheets 11 into the inner cavity of the unloading triangular prism of the container and onto the floor 2 of the container, which eliminates the possibility of loss of cargo and contamination of the floor of the container with residues g UzA. The end parts of the unloading sheets 9 lie on the end stops 12 of the end sheets 11 and are securely fixed. As a result, an unloading prism is formed inside the container. End stops 12 are two steel profiles in the form of a corner with a shelf width of 75-100 mm, interconnected at an angle of 90 degrees and rigidly attached to the end sheets 11 of the container in their lower part at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the vertical axis. When forming an isosceles triangular unloading prism, unloading 9 and end 11 sheets are securely fixed to each other. The joints are additionally sealed with gaskets or in any other known manner.

To provide additional strength and rigidity of the unloading prism, inside it (see figure 7) there are one or more additional stops 25 of the unloading sheets 9 made of a sheet of strong and light material (for example, plywood) in the form of an isosceles right-angled triangle (with angles 45, 90 and 45 degrees, respectively), which are attached to one of the unloading sheets 9 by means of loops 26. When transporting packaged goods in a container, the additional stops 25 fit snugly onto the unloading sheet 9 and are not firmly attached to it reducing the useful loading volume of the container. When transporting bulk goods, the additional stops 25 are opened and installed at an angle of 90 degrees to the plane of the unloading sheet 9. The unloading sheet 9, with the additional stops 25 fixed on it, is lowered and lies with its edges on the end stops 12 located on the end sheets 11 . Additional stops 25 rest against the floor 2 of the container and fix one unloading sheet 9, not allowing it to bend under a bulk cargo. The second unloading sheet 9 lowers down and rests on the end 12 and additional stops 25, as well as the open top end of the first unloading sheet 9 completely closing it. Thus, the necessary rigidity of the planes of the unloading sheets 9, inclined to the sides of the container, is ensured.

To form a flat surface of the inner walls of the container and to prevent the metal parts of the container from contacting the bulk cargo, sheets of material not subject to corrosion (plywood, polymeric materials, etc.) are attached to the side walls of the container, as well as to the inside of the discharge hatches.

For bulk cargo with a small particle size and a high yield coefficient, in order to ensure the safety of the cargo, a disposable, waterproof bag matching the shape of the container’s inner surface is inserted inside the container when the prism is assembled.

Along the side walls of the container with the purpose of reinforcing its side walls are longitudinal reinforcement beams 13, to which discharge hatches 6 are attached.

The discharge hatch 6 of the container (figure 5) has the following design. The outer hatch frame forms a rectangular hatch cover 14, is mounted on horizontal hinges 15 in its upper part to the inner frame 16, the inner hatch frame 16, in turn, is attached to the longitudinal reinforcement beam 13 in the side wall of the container, the wall and floor 2 of the container. The inner 16 and outer 14 of the frame in the closed state provide a tight seal of the unloading hatch 6 with a closed locking device.

The locking device of the side discharge hatch 6 of the container has the following structure. Parallel to the lateral sides of the unloading hatch 6, there are two horizontal brackets 17 on the inner frame 14 of the unloading hatch 6. Along the entire hatch 6, there is a locking rod 18 mounted on the hatch cover 6 and provided with hook hooks 19 at the ends that freely enter the hinges from the bottom up. In addition, on the locking rod 18 there are eccentrics 20 that maximally abut in the closed position against the outer frame 14 of the discharge hatch and provide reliable and tight locking of the discharge hatch 6 of the container. The locking rod 18 is freely attached to the outer side 14 of the discharge hatch 6 using round sleeves 21, this allows rotation of the locking rod 18 around its longitudinal axis and blocks the movement of the locking rod 18 along the discharge hatch 6. In the middle of the locking rod 18, the trigger 22 is attached . In the transport position, the start lever 22 fits snugly against the locking rod 18. In the unloading position, the starting lever 22 becomes relative to the cover 14 of the discharge hatch 6 and the locking rod 18 to the working position at an angle of 90 degrees. The start lever 22 is fixed in this position by an automatic latch 23, made in the form of a locking pin, which, when the start lever 22 is installed in the working position, enters the hole in the locking rod 18. As a result, the start lever (hereinafter referred to as the lever) 22 is fixed at an angle of 90 degrees to the locking rod 18 in the open position and prevents the spontaneous movement of the lever 22 relative to the locking rod 18. The safety pin located inside the lever 22 is equipped with an exhaust ring 24, providing the possibility l raise the pin up, release the trigger 22 and bring it into transport position, after closing the discharge hatch 6.

A simple, reliable and not expensive design of the locking device of the unloading hatch 6, which, due to double locking (to the locking hook 19 and the cam 20), provides reliable and tight locking of the unloading hatch 6 during loading, transportation and storage of cargo in the container. The design of the locking device ensures the complete opening of the unloading hatch 6 without human intervention, by turning the locking rod 18 about its axis counterclockwise, turning the locking rod 18 sequentially puts the eccentric 20 first, and then the hook engagement 19, which allows you to fully open side unloading hatch 6, ensuring complete unloading of cargo from the container.

Thus, to open the unloading hatch 6, while the container is on the platform in the crane space with a spreader installed on it, the lever 22 is opened manually and is set at an angle of 90 degrees to the locking rod 18. A sling is attached to the free end of the lever 22, its other end attached to the tensioner mounted on the spreader of the crane lifting the container. When placing the container over the hold of the vessel, the sling is pulled and the lever 22 rises, the locking rod 18 rotates around its axis, the eccentrics 20 located on the locking rod 18 extend from the outer frame 14 of the discharge hatch 6, hook hooks 19 at the ends of the locking rod 18 are disengaged with brackets 17. The unloading hatch 6 freely completely opens under the action of gravity of the bulk cargo. The load slides along the discharge prism of the container and spills out of it.

A universal container for the transport of packaged and bulk cargo works as follows.

When transporting packaged goods, the end sheets 11 fit snugly to the ceiling of the container and are securely attached to it. The discharge sheets 9, in turn, fit snugly against the side walls of the container and are securely attached to them. This ensures the unhindered operation of loaders or other loading equipment inside the container when loading into the container or unloading piece-cargo from it. In addition, unauthorized access to unit loads is eliminated in the event of a criminal opening of the upper loading or lower side unloading hatches.

The loading of packaged goods into a container installed on the site is carried out through the front doors with a standard loader. When this loading hatches 5 and discharge hatches 6 are closed.

Unloading of packaged goods from a container installed on the site occurs through the end doors with a standard loader, while loading 5 and unloading hatches 6 are closed.

The proposed container design allows you to quickly and efficiently turn a container that has just transported packaged goods into a container ready for transportation of bulk cargo.

In the particular case of bulk cargo transportation, the unloading sheets 9 and the end sheet (s) 11 are disconnected from the side walls and the ceiling of the container, respectively, lowered down to the floor 2 of the container, securely fastened to each other and form an unloading triangular prism, unloading sheets 9 - the sides of which when closed, they form an angle of 90 degrees. Closing, the discharge sheets 9 form a sealed space between themselves and the floor 2 of the container. As a result, two inclined surfaces appear inside the container, along its side walls, providing an angle of repose of 45 degrees from the vertical axis, sufficient to pour loose cargo from the container under the influence of gravity. End stops 12 located on the end unloading sheets 11 or the end walls of the container provide sufficient strength and tightness of the unloading triangular prism, excluding the spillage of bulk cargo onto the floor 2 of the container. When transporting heavy bulk cargo, additional stops 25 can be used, if necessary, installed inside the unloading triangular prism and providing the additional rigidity of the side unloading sheets 9 necessary for this bulk cargo.

Closing the discharge hatch 6 is done manually by one person.

An empty container is installed after unloading bulk cargo at a container site in a crane space. The sling is disconnected from the start lever 22. Hook hooks 19 at the ends of the locking rod 18 are manually set into gear with brackets 17 on the sides of the discharge hatch. By pressing the trigger lever 22 from top to bottom, the locking rod 18 is rotated around its longitudinal axis, the hook gears 19 are fully engaged with the brackets 17 and securely lock the discharge hatch 6. The eccentrics 20 of the locking rod 18 rotate around their longitudinal axis and tightly press the outer frame of the discharge hatch 14 to its inner frame 16, providing reliable and tight locking. In this case, the trigger lever 22 of the locking rod 18 is installed at an angle of 90 degrees relative to the outer plane of the discharge hatch 6 is brought into transport position. The worker pulls on the exhaust ring 24 of the lock of the start lever 22, which comes out of the hole in the locking rod 18 and releases the starting lever 22. Then, the starting lever 22 is pressed against the locking rod 18 and is fixed in the transport position. Unloading hatch 6 is closed. None of the parts of the discharge hatch 6 goes beyond the dimensions of the container. The container can be moved in a standard way to anywhere in the container site, or loaded onto a sea / river ship, car or train. a platform.

Opening the discharge hatch 6.

The container is installed in the crane space. The worker manually puts the trigger lever 22 of the locking rod 18 of the discharge door 6 of the container into the working position (90 degrees with respect to the locking rod 18). The crane spreader is lowered onto the container and connected to it. The sling located on the crane spreader is fixed at the end of the start lever 22 of the locking rod 18 of the discharge hatch 6. The container is lifted by a crane and is located above the place of unloading of bulk cargo. Slings are pulled. Under the action of the tension force of the slings, the trigger lever 22 gives the locking rod 18 a rotational movement along its longitudinal plane. The locking rod 18 is rotated, the eccentrics 20 move away from the outer frame 14 of the unloading hatch 6, hook hooks 19 at its ends disengage from the brackets 17. The unloading hatch 6 opens, the cargo falls out into the receiving hopper or into the hold of the vessel.

Loading bulk cargo into a container.

Bulk cargo is loaded into the container in the standard way through the upper loading hatches 5. In this case, the unloading sheets 9 inside the container must be brought into working condition (form a triangular isosceles prism inside the container), the end doors and unloading hatches 6 should be closed.

During loading, the container can be installed on the railway. rolling stock, car or site.

Unloading bulk cargo from the container.

Unloading bulk cargo from the container is as follows. The container is installed in the crane space of the container site, the worker manually puts the start lever 22 into working condition and fastens the sling located on the crane spreader to it. The crane lifts the container at the local discharge (for example, the hold of the vessel), the discharge hatch 6 is opened by tensioning the slings attached to the start lever 22 of the discharge hatch 6. Under the influence of gravity, due to the angle of inclination of the container floor surfaces equal to the angles of repose, spontaneous unloading of cargo occurs .

Unloading bulk cargo from a container is possible:

- to the receiving hopper of the consignee’s warehouse without removal from the railway platform or car trailer,

- to the site from the container installed on the site,

- into the hold of the vessel or the receiving hopper of the warehouse in the case when the container is lifted by a crane and is suspended above the hold of the vessel or the receiving hopper of the warehouse,

- unloading bulk cargo from a container that is suspended above the hold of the vessel or above the receiving hopper of the warehouse is carried out without moving the container relative to its longitudinal or transverse axes, using a standard device mounted on a crane or other loading device specialized in loading and moving standard containers ISO

Thus, the proposed specialized container for the transportation of bulk cargo has a simple and reliable design of the hull, as well as loading and unloading hatches providing quick and technological loading and unloading of bulk cargo with existing loading and unloading mechanisms, without the use of additional equipment and tilting the container relative to the longitudinal or transverse axis . Moving the container without violating the tightness of the device and allows for the complete and quick loading and unloading of bulk cargo from the container without any additional manipulations with the container as a whole. The contact of the cargo with the metal parts of the inner surfaces of the container is also completely eliminated. Ensuring full tightness of the container during the transportation of both piece-piece and bulk cargoes. Prevents the possibility of bulk goods entering the inner cavity of the unloading prism of the container and the floor of the container, which eliminates the possibility of loss of cargo and contamination of the floor of the container with cargo residues. No loss of cargo during transportation and unloading of cargo. Cargo from the container pours out completely. There is no need to clear the container of cargo residues after unloading. Sealed loading and unloading hatches provides cargo protection against atmospheric precipitation during transportation and storage.

The result of the implementation of the claimed invention is the expansion of the range of goods transported in containers, cost savings in the construction of specialized transshipment complexes and warehouses for storing bulk goods in sea and river ports and industrial enterprises. An increase in the number of sea and river ports capable of handling bulk cargo in the presence of a container terminal and the absence of specialized warehouses and transshipment facilities for transshipment of bulk cargo. Switching of Russian export of bulk cargo currently being transported in the seaports of foreign countries to the seaports of the Russian Federation.

In addition, increases the tightness of the universal container for the transport of piece and bulk cargo with the possibility of self-unloading.

Claims (10)

1. A container for transporting packaged and bulk goods, containing at least one hatch for loading goods and at least one hatch for unloading goods located in the lower part of the side wall of the container, and end doors, characterized in that it is equipped with unloading sheets mounted inside the container with the possibility of rotation for the formation of surfaces inclined towards the side walls, and end stops for unloading sheets placed on them during the formation of surfaces inclined towards the side walls. 2. A container for transporting packaged and bulk goods according to claim 1, characterized in that the unloading sheets of one of the sides are movably fixed with the floor of the container. 3. The container for the transport of packaged and bulk cargo according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with two end sheets mounted on the ceiling with the possibility of rotation to close the ends of the container body. 4. A container for transporting packaged and bulk goods according to claim 3, characterized in that the end stops for unloading sheets on them when forming surfaces inclined toward the side walls are made on the end sheets. 5. The container for the transport of packaged and bulk cargo according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge hatch is a lid attached to the side wall of the container with hinges and equipped with a locking device. 6. A container for transporting packaged and bulk cargo according to claim 5, characterized in that the shut-off device of the discharge hatch comprises two brackets located on the container, a lock rod with hooks at the ends, mounted on the cover of the discharge hatch by means of round bushings, wherein the locking rod is made with eccentrics resting in the closed position on the lid of the discharge hatch. 7. The container for the transport of packaged and bulk cargo according to claim 6, characterized in that the locking device comprises a trigger lever located in the middle of the locking rod and pivotally connected to it with the possibility of a snug fit to the locking rod in the transport position and becoming under angle of 90 ° relative to the locking rod in the unloading position, and the trigger lever of the locking device contains a latch made in the form of a spring-loaded pin that moves inside the trigger arm and enters the trigger in the unloading position the lever into the hole in the locking rod, while the latch is equipped with an exhaust ring located on the latch and providing the ability to raise the pin, overcoming the force of the unloaded spring, and thereby release the trigger to bring it into transport position. 8. The container for transportation of packaged and bulk cargo according to claim 1, characterized in that the floor, inner surfaces of all side walls and discharge hatches of the container are glued with plywood or anti-corrosion material that protects the inner surfaces of the container. 9. The container for the transport of packaged and bulk cargo according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a disposable maintainable waterproof bag, matching in shape with the inner surface of the container. 10. A container for transporting packaged and bulk goods according to claim 1, characterized in that the unloading sheet is made with additional stops having the shape of a rectangular isosceles triangle.

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