RU2661632C1 - Spatial vibration isolator of frame type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building, namely to spring vibration isolators used to reduce vibrations. Spatial vibration isolator frame type contains a frame that connects in parallel installed in it two resilient damping elements of different design, but of equal rigidity and intended for highly loaded vibration isolation systems. Frame is made in the form of two supporting horizontal plates, resting against the left and right resilient damping elements, respectively. Horizontal plates of the carcass are rigidly connected to vertical plates, which in the frame lower part are connected together by the support plate, on which a vibration-insulated object platform is mounted through the vertical post. Left and right elastic-damping elements are mounted on a common base. Left elastic-damping element is made in the form of a dry friction damper containing a cylindrical helical spring consisting of two parts with counter-directed ends, one part of which has turns of rectangular section, and the other part of the spring is made hollow. Counter-directed end of the first part is located in the cavity of the second. Spring contacting parts segment profile gaps are filled with antifriction grease. Sealing gasket is mounted at the spring second part end to prevent grease leakage. First part of the helical spring, made with coils of rectangular cross-section with rounded edges, covers a tube of damping material, for example polyurethane. Gaps in the first part of the helical spring are filled with crumb of friction material made from the composition. On the upper and lower support rings, the upper and lower vibro-damping plates are fixed to securely and firmly fix the ends of the springs during their operation. Right elastic-damping element is made in the form of a cylindrical helical spring, the turns of which are covered with a vibration damping material, for example polyurethane.

EFFECT: increase in the vibration isolation efficiency at resonance.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely to spring vibration isolators used to reduce vibration.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object is a shock absorber according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 916805, cl. F16F 1/06, published 04/05/1982 (prototype), containing a cylindrical helical spring, consisting of two parts with opposing ends, one part of which has turns of rectangular cross section, and the other part of the spring is hollow, with the opposite direction the first part is placed in the cavity of the second.

A disadvantage of the known device is the relatively low efficiency at resonance due to the absence of vibration damping.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of vibration isolation at resonance.

This is achieved by the fact that in a frame-type spatial vibration isolator containing a frame connecting two parallel elastic damping elements of different designs but of the same stiffness and designed for highly loaded vibration isolation systems, the frame is made in the form of two horizontal support plates resting respectively on the left and right elastic-damping elements, while the horizontal plates of the frame are rigidly connected to the vertical plates, which are connected in the lower part of the frame They are interconnected by a support plate, on which a platform for a vibration-isolating object is installed through a vertical rack, both elastic-damping elements, left and right, are installed on a common base, while the left elastic-damping element is made in the form of a dry friction damper containing a coil spring, consisting of two parts with opposite ends, one part of which has turns of rectangular cross section, and the other part of the spring is hollow, while the opposite direction of the first The part is placed in the cavity of the second, the gaps of the segment profile of the contacting parts of the spring are filled with antifriction grease, while at the end of the second part of the spring a sealing sleeve is installed to prevent leakage of lubricant, and the first part of the coil spring, made with rectangular turns with rounded edges, covers a tube of damping material, for example polyurethane, and the gaps in the first part of the coil spring, made with coils of rectangular cross section, which is covered by a tube of damping m materials, filled with crumbs of friction material, and the gaps in the first part of a coil spring made with coils of rectangular cross section, which is covered by a tube of damping material, are filled with crumbs of friction material made of a composition comprising the following components, with their ratio, wt. %:

a mixture of resol and novolac phenol-formaldehyde resins in a ratio of 1: (0.2-1.0) 28 ÷ 34% fibrous mineral filler containing glass roving or a mixture of glass roving and basalt fiber in a ratio of 1: (0.1-1.0) 12 ÷ 19% graphite 7 ÷ 18% a friction modifier containing carbon black in the form of a mixture with kaolin and silicon dioxide 7 ÷ 15% barite concentrate 20 ÷ 35% talc 1.5 ÷ 3.0%

on the upper and lower support rings, the upper and lower vibration damping plates are fixed for strong and reliable fixation of the ends of the springs during their operation, and the right elastic-damping element is made in the form of a cylindrical helical spring, the turns of which are coated with a vibration-damping material, such as polyurethane.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a spatial vibration absorber of a frame type with elastically damping elements connected in parallel: left, made in the form of a damper, and right 20, in the form of a coil spring, in FIG. 2 - an embodiment of the right 20 elastic-damping element in the form of a combined vibration isolator, in FIG. 3, 4 - an embodiment of an elastic element 19 located between the base plate of the frame rigidly connecting its vertical plates and a vertical strut associated with a platform for a vibroinsulated object mounted on at least three elastic elements 18 connected to the horizontal supporting plates 16 and 17 frames.

The spatial vibration isolator of the frame type is made with elasto-damping elements connected in parallel and contains a frame connecting two elasto-damping elements of different designs but of the same stiffness in parallel, designed for highly loaded vibration isolation systems. The frame is made in the form of two horizontal supporting plates 16 and 17, based respectively on the left (in the plane of the drawing on the left) and right 20 elastic-damping elements. The horizontal plates 16 and 17 of the frame are rigidly connected to the vertical plates, which are connected at the bottom of the frame by a support plate, on which a platform for a vibroinsulated object, which rests on at least three elastic elements 18, is installed through an elastic element 19 and a vertical rack. mounted on the supporting horizontal plates 16 and 17 of the frame. In this case, the stiffness of the elastic element 19 between the base plate and the vertical strut is equal to the sum of the stiffnesses of the elastic elements 18 located between the platform and the horizontal support plates 16 and 17 of the frame. Both elastic damping elements are mounted on a common base through vibration damping pads.

The left elastic-damping element (see in the drawing plane on the left) is made in the form of an elastic-damping element, which is a dry friction damper containing a cylindrical helical spring, consisting of two parts 3 and 4 with opposite ends 6 and 5 of the corresponding turns of these springs. On the support coils of the spring, support rings 1 and 2 are made for strong and reliable fixation of the ends of the springs during their operation.

The first part of the coil spring 3 is made with coils of rectangular (or square) section with rounded edges, and the second part 4 of the spring is made hollow, for example of circular cross section, while the opposite direction 6 of the first part of the spring is placed in the cavity of the opposite direction of the second spring part with end 5, while its second end, mounted on the support ring 2, is sealed, for example with a threaded plug (not shown).

In the cavity of the second spring part 4, made of a hollow circular section, formed on four sides, relative to the rectangular section of the first part 3 of the spring, the gaps 7 of the segment profile in a section perpendicular to the axis of the contacting parts 3 and 4 of the spring.

For better adjustment of the spring stiffness (without scuffing, jamming or jamming), the gaps 7 of the segment profile of the contacting parts 3 and 4 of the spring are filled with antifriction grease, for example, viscous "solid oil" type, and a sealing collar (not shown) is installed at the end of the second spring part 5 (not shown) for prevent leakage (loss) of lubricant. This design is a kind of viscous friction damper with an extended throttle element in the form of gaps 7 of the segment profile of the contacting parts 3 and 4 of the spring, which in this case will be analogs of the piston-cylinder system, respectively.

The first part 3 of the coil spring, made with coils of rectangular (or square) section with rounded edges, is covered by a tube 8 of damping material, for example polyurethane, which creates friction in the vibration protection system, the value of which increases when the system approaches the resonance mode, which is similar dry friction damper.

The gaps in the first part 3 of a coil spring made with coils of rectangular cross section, which is covered by a tube 8 of damping material, are filled with crumbs of friction material (not shown).

A variant is possible when the gaps in the first part of a coil spring made with coils of rectangular cross section, which are covered by a tube of damping material, are filled with crumbs of friction material made of a composition comprising the following components, in their ratio, in wt. %:

a mixture of resol and novolac phenol-formaldehyde resins in a ratio of 1: (0.2-1.0) 28 ÷ 34% fibrous mineral filler containing glass roving or a mixture of glass roving and basalt fiber in a ratio of 1: (0.1-1.0) 12 ÷ 19% graphite 7 ÷ 18% a friction modifier containing carbon black in the form of a mixture with kaolin and silicon dioxide 7 ÷ 15% barite concentrate 20 ÷ 35% talc 1.5 ÷ 3.0%

On the upper 1 and lower 2 support rings 1, the upper 13 and lower 14 vibration damping plates are fixed for strong and reliable fixation of the ends of the springs during their operation. The lower 2 vibration damping plate is mounted on a washer mesh damper through the elastic pad 15 of polyurethane, which contains a base 12 in the form of a plate with mounting holes (not shown), a mesh elastic element 10, fixed by the upper 9 and lower 11 pressure washers, while the upper 9 pressure washer is connected to the elastic gasket 8 made of polyurethane, and the lower 11 pressure Aiba connected to the base 12.

The density of the mesh structure of the elastic mesh element 10 is in the optimal range of values: 1.2 g / cm ³ ... 2.0 g / cm ³ , and the wire material of the elastic mesh elements is steel grade EI-708, and its diameter is in the optimal range of values 0.09 mm ... 0.15 mm. The density of the mesh structure of the outer layers of the elastic mesh element is 1.5 times higher than the density of the mesh structure of the inner layers of the elastic mesh element.

The elastic mesh element 10 can be made combined of a mesh frame, filled with an elastomer, for example polyurethane.

The elastic mesh element 10 operates as follows.

During vibrations of a vibroinsulated object (not shown) located on the upper pressure plate 9, the elastic mesh element 10 accepts both vertical and horizontal loads, thereby weakening the dynamic effect on the vibroisolated object, i.e. spatial vibration protection and shock protection are provided.

Vibration isolation system with a built-in damper works as follows.

The spring stiffness is adjusted by shortening or lengthening the spring height. When the support rings 1 and 2 rotate, the spring coils move relative to each other in mutually opposite directions relative to the longitudinal axis of the spring, i.e. screwed in or out. In the first case (when screwing in), the stiffness of the spring increases, and in the second case (when unscrewing) it decreases, which makes it easier to adjust the stiffness of the spring.

Thus, due to its selective properties, the spring provides effective spatial vibration isolation of equipment in all six directions of vibration (along the three axes X. U, Z and rotary vibrations around these axes) with vibration damping at resonance, and under various operating conditions.

Vibration isolator washer mesh works as follows.

When vibrations of a vibroinsulated object (not shown) located on the upper pressure plate 20, the elastic mesh element 22 perceives both vertical and horizontal loads, thereby weakening the dynamic effect on the vibroisolated object, i.e. spatial vibration protection and shock protection are provided.

The spatial vibration isolator of the frame type with parallel connected elastic-damping elements works as follows.

The vibration-isolating object is mounted on a platform connected to a vertical stand. With vibrations of a vibration-insulated object (not shown) mounted on the platform, its spatial vibration protection and shock protection are provided.

In this case, the left and right 20 elastic-damping elements, together with the elastic elements 19 and 18 of the frame, are a connected system of elastic elements that provide additional spatial vibration isolation of the object in all six directions of vibration (along the three coordinate axes x, y, z and rotational vibrations around these axes). The implementation of the left elastic damping element in the form of a damper contributes to the expansion of the vibration damping frequency range due to the combined damping, and increases the efficiency of vibration protection at resonance, and the coil spring, the turns of which are coated with vibration damping material, allows for additional damping of the vibration isolation system as a whole.

The proposed technical solution is an effective vibration protection tool that can be used in many industries.

Figure 2 presents a diagram of an embodiment of the right 20 elastic-damping element of the spatial vibration isolator in the form of a combined vibration isolator, which contains an array of elastomer, for example rubber, having a toroidal shape. The rubber array consists of two, coaxially arranged, equidistant and congruent, axisymmetric sealed cavities formed by the outer 22 and inner 24 walls. An elastic element 23 in the form of a cylindrical spring is installed in the inner cavity. To center the spring 23, cylindrical protrusions 25 and 26 are made in the rubber array. The outer 22 wall has a greater thickness than the inner 24. The rubber array is vulcanized to the mounting plates 21 and 30. There is a cavity 27 of toroidal shape between the outer 22 and the inner 24 walls. . On the mounting plates there is one threaded hole: 28 and 29 - for attaching the vibration isolator.

Combined vibration isolator works as follows.

With an increase in the oscillation frequency of the unit, a coil spring 23 comes into operation. The natural vibrations of the vibration isolator are suppressed due to the fact that there is air in the sealed cavities. The presence of a large surface area of the elements of the vibration isolator increases the heat transfer, which does not cause the growth of the damping effect and keeps the rigidity constant, which gives the vibration isolation system as a whole equal-frequency properties.

Figure 3, 4 shows an embodiment of an elastic element 19 located between the base plate of the frame rigidly connecting its vertical plates and a vertical strut associated with the platform for a vibration-insulated object made in the form of a disk elastic element, and figure 3 presents a frontal section dish-shaped elastic element, figure 4 is a top view thereof.

The plate-shaped elastic element contains at least two flat elastic coaxially arranged rings, the upper 32 and the lower 31, interconnected by at least three flat plates 33, located obliquely with respect to the axis of the rings, and the plates connecting the upper and lower rings can be made in the form of elastic rods of a round or square profile (not shown), and the elastic element can be made of a flat elastic element of round shape by cutting profile holes 34 and 35, followed by extrusion aniem one ring, or of a flat round shape of the elastic member by laser cutting profile holes and the deformation of the plates.

Plate elastic element operates as follows. With vibrations of a vibration-insulated object mounted on the upper ring 32, spatial vibration protection and shock protection are provided.

Claims (5)

1. A spatial vibration insulator of a frame type, comprising a frame connecting two parallel elastic damping elements of different designs but of the same stiffness and designed for highly loaded vibration isolation systems, characterized in that the frame is made in the form of two horizontal supporting plates resting respectively on the left and right elastically damping elements, while the horizontal plates of the frame are rigidly connected to the vertical plates, which are connected in the lower part of the frame between each of the base plate, on which a platform for a vibration-isolating object is installed through a vertical rack, both elastic-damping elements, left and right, are installed on a common base, while the left elastic-damping element is made in the form of a dry friction damper containing a coil spring, consisting of two parts with opposite ends, one part of which has turns of rectangular cross-section, and the other part of the spring is hollow, while the opposite direction of the first part placed in the cavity of the second, the gaps of the segment profile of the contacting parts of the spring are filled with antifriction grease, while at the end of the second part of the spring a sealing sleeve is installed to prevent leakage of lubricant, the first part of the coil spring, made with coils of rectangular cross section with rounded edges, covers a tube of damping material, for example polyurethane, and the gaps in the first part of the coil spring, made with coils of rectangular cross section, which is covered by a tube of damping material la, filled with crumbs of friction material, and the gaps in the first part of the coil spring made with coils of rectangular cross section, which covers a tube of damping material, are filled with crumbs of friction material made of a composition comprising the following components in their ratio, wt. %: a mixture of resol and novolac phenol-formaldehyde resins in a ratio of 1: (0.2-1.0) 28 ÷ 34% fibrous mineral filler containing glass roving or a mixture of glass roving and basalt fiber in a ratio of 1: (0.1-1.0) 12 ÷ 19% graphite 7 ÷ 18% a friction modifier containing carbon black in the form of a mixture with kaolin and silicon dioxide 7 ÷ 15% barite concentrate 20 ÷ 35% talc 1.5 ÷ 3.0% on the upper and lower support rings, the upper and lower vibration damping plates are fixed for strong and reliable fixation of the ends of the springs during their operation, and the right elastic-damping element is made in the form of a cylindrical helical spring, the turns of which are covered with vibration-damping material, for example polyurethane, or the right elastic-damping element of the spatial vibration isolator is made in the form of a combined vibration isolator, which contains an array of elastomer having a toroidal shape, and consisting of two coaxially arranged dix congruent and equidistant osesimetrichnyh sealed cavity formed by the outer and inner walls, within which are located two sealed cavities, one of which is installed a coil spring, wherein the array of elastomeric start vulcanised to the fastening plates. 2. The spatial vibration isolator of the frame type according to claim 1, characterized in that in the left elastic damping element the lower vibration damping plate is mounted on a washer mesh damper through an elastic gasket made of polyurethane, which contains a base in the form of a plate with mounting holes, a mesh elastic element fixed by the upper and lower pressure washers, while the upper pressure washer is connected to an elastic polyurethane gasket, and the lower pressure washer is connected to the base, while the density of the mesh structure prugogo screening element is in the optimal range of values: 1.2 g / cm ³ ... 2.0 g / cm ^3, wherein the elastic material of the wire mesh element - Steel grade EI-708, its diameter is in the optimal range of values: 0.09 mm ... 0.15 mm, and the density of the mesh structure of the outer layers of the elastic mesh element is 1.5 times higher than the density of the mesh structure of the inner layers of the elastic mesh element. 3. The spatial vibration insulator of the frame type according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic element located between the base plate of the frame rigidly connecting its vertical plates and the vertical strut associated with the platform for the vibration-insulated object is made in the form of a plate-shaped elastic element containing flat elastic elements made in the form of at least two flat elastic coaxially arranged rings, upper and lower, interconnected by at least three flat plates, located x obliquely with respect to the ring axis, and a plate connecting the upper and lower ring are formed as resilient rods of round or square profile.

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