RU2658938C1 - Aerostat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aeronautics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to flight vehicles. Aeronautical vehicle includes a serial production vehicle, multi-copter, gondola, automatic control system, battery compartment, orientation and tracking system. Gondola is located on the center of a vehicle roof, consisting of a system of gas chambers enclosed in a rigid body in the form of a bellows, the tension of which is controlled by automatic tensioning devices. At the edges of the vehicle roof there are two electromagnets with a variable thrust vector, creating a directional movement of the vehicle in flight. Gas chambers are filled from a helium compressed cylinder. Excess gas is pumped back into the cylinder by the compressor.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at widening the range of equipment.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of aeronautics, in particular to the class of flying machines.

Which of the people sitting in a traffic jam did not dream: “Why am I not a falcon, why am I not flying.” A dream is feasible for hundreds of thousands of dollars by fulfilling a large package of special requirements and unresolved legal problems. The certificate must be obtained from the Bureau of Aviation Trade, and in the automotive departments.

An attempt to teach cars to fly has so far been impracticable. Most creators of hybrid vehicles have chosen to adapt planes to the roads. Hence the aviation calculation methodology, increased strength and accuracy of component manufacturing.

Many problems arise when using hybrid devices:

- special platforms are needed during take-off and landing, winged vehicles still need a runway;

- the problem of learning;

- flight safety issue;

- It is necessary to create an airspace control service;

- all the land is built up with high-rise buildings and structures, entangled with wires, many restricted areas for flight, all this requires solving the legal problems of using hybrid devices.

Recently, interest in “aeroexotics” has been falling due to the lack of prospects for a hybrid of an airplane and a car ”[1]. However, to increase the maneuverability of infantry and landing in off-road conditions, flying infantry fighting vehicles will find wide application.

The present invention is a conventional mass production vehicle, equipped with devices that create lift and provide directional movement of the machine through the air. The flight takes place at an extremely low altitude and a short distance sufficient to escape from the traffic jam and dirt and fly to a section of the road acceptable for movement, or to overcome a small water barrier.

To date, many models of hybrid aircraft, helicopter and multicopter type hybrid vehicles have been developed, but it has not come to mass production.

Modern examples of an “airplane capable of traveling on roads” are the Nransition and PAL-V One machines developed by the American company Terrafugia and the Dutch PAL-V Europe, respectively [2, 3].

Double “Transition” has a composite design, a folding wing and a twin-tail tail, and is also equipped with a 95 liter Rotax 912 ULS piston engine. with., which rotates the Rotax three-blade pushing screw with a diameter of 1.7 m and allows the machine to develop a flight speed of up to 185 km / h and move along the highway with a speed of up to 110 km / h. Flight range - 787 km, cruising range - 1296 km, length - 6.02 m, wingspan - 8.08 m, height - 1.98 m, length / width in the vehicle variant - 5.72 / 2.29 m, empty weight - 440 kg, payload mass - 210 kg, maximum take-off weight - 650 kg. In case of stall, the crew can use a parachute, which provides a smooth and safe reduction of the "flying car".

A car-plane does not use aviation fuel as fuel, but ordinary high-octane gasoline, which can be refueled at any gas station. It is estimated that between 50 and 200 such machines will be produced annually. It is quite difficult to estimate the size of the market, given that almost all adult Americans have a driver’s license, approximately 600 thousand US residents have a small aviation pilot license.

The main problem that the developers of the flying car were forced to solve was the creation of a folding wing. As a result, it was possible to develop a wing model that unfolds and collapses at the touch of a button (previously appeared models of flying machines used a different method - wings had to be attached manually). However, Terrafugia has not yet received permission to manufacture its aircraft. To do this, Transition must meet the requirements of two different regulatory structures: the National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration, which licenses car models, and the Federal Aviation Administration, which licenses aircraft models. For obvious reasons, both structures use fundamentally different assessment criteria. Filling the airspace with road cars is to multiply the security problem of all the air transport of countries.

The second device is more like a double “flying motorcycle”, and if you evaluate it from a technical point of view, it is a hybrid of a gyrocopter or gyrocopter and a mini-car that moves in flight due to a pushing screw installed in the rear of the “fuselage” and a rotor . Directional stability is provided due to the spaced two-keel tail. The propellers and tail assembly are folding, the chassis is tricycle with wheels of a sufficiently large diameter, the engine is a gasoline engine with a power of 160 kW, which allows speeds in air and on the ground to reach 180 km / h. Empty weight - 680 kg, maximum take-off weight - 910 kg. The prototype was flown around in 2012, today the company is looking for investors to launch the device in mass production - the price of the car should be about 300 thousand dollars.

Both devices can run on gasoline, biofuel or ethanol.

The Dutch “flying motorcycle” aroused interest not only among civilian enthusiasts, but also among the police and military. A feature of the two cars is the power plant, which can operate both on gasoline and on biofuels or ethanol, and allows the devices to take off from a section of the highway with a length of 170 m. Flight is possible after a training course.

As part of the program, which officially started in 2010 and was designed to be implemented in three stages, it was planned to develop both the device itself and such separate systems as a fan propulsion system with a propeller in an annular nozzle and with a hybrid electric transmission, new electric motors, and battery motors high-capacity batteries and capacitors, as well as a modern flight control system and on-board computer. The calculated performance characteristics of the American Transformer were planned as follows: length - 910 cm, width - 260 cm, height - 270 cm, crew - 4 people, payload mass - 450 kg, range - 450-460 km, armor - bulletproof. The cost of the serial sample was planned in the region of $ 1 million.

During the first stage, it was planned to carry out research in certain areas, as well as to develop a concept for the future "miracle weapons" and preliminary designs for the prototype and serial model. As part of this phase, DARPA was supposed to find performers and issue them contracts totaling $ 65 million. In reality, agreements were signed with a consortium of companies led by AAI Corporation, as well as Lockheed Martin and Pratt & Whitney Rocketdynee ". The latter was tasked with developing a diesel engine for Transformer.

In the second phase, the winning companies, AAI Corporation and Lockheed Martin, should have already developed a full-fledged “flying car” project. The first company offered a car weighing about 3220 kg, capable of flying at an altitude of 3050 m and equipped with a 1200 L turbocharged Honeywell HTS900 engine. with., driving a four-wheeled chassis when moving on the ground or pushing a propeller with an annular nozzle with a diameter of 1.42 m and a rotor with a diameter of 15.2 m. On land, the apparatus was to reach speeds of up to 128 km / h, and in air - 287 km / h The second company proposed a project of a 3175 kg machine equipped with two turboshaft engines that rotate the rotary screws in a ring nozzle with a diameter of 2.6 m, mounted on the wing with a wingspan of 12.5 m, as well as a Pratt & Whitney EnduroCore diesel engine, which was supposed to provide movement by land. Finally, in the third stage, the winner company of the second stage was to build a working prototype and take it into the air in 2015.

The AVX Aircraft company proposed its own version of the army “flying car,” which applied a generally similar concept, but decided to rely on the use of a coaxial rotor, and the screws in the ring nozzles should provide movement both in air and on the ground [4] .

“AVX Company has proposed DARPA the design of its tactical“ flying car ”AVX-TX, which uses a patented combination of a coaxial rotor and screws in the ring nozzles. The machine is designed for a payload of 470 kg, a flight speed of 225 km / h and a road speed of up to 130 km / h. ”

Logi Aerospace, in collaboration with Trek Aerospace and Zap Electric Vehicles, proposed the Tyrannos, which was to be equipped with a 130 kW engine and could perform vertical take-off and landing, for which it is proposed to use four screws in ring nozzles, of which three were supposed to be used to ensure horizontal flight. The mass of "Tiranos" was determined at 1360 kg, payload - 500 kg, maximum flight speed - 254) km / h, and highway speed - up to 100 km / h [5].

Airphibian became the first flying car in the world to receive a certificate from the United States Civil Aviation Administration (Civil Aeronautics Administration) - the predecessor of the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration). However, despite the obvious success of the flying machine, Fulton failed to bring it to mass production [6].

In June 2017, the French pilot Bruno Vezzoli crossed the English Channel on a flying car called "Pegasus", which was created by businessman Jerome Doughy [7].

Soviet engineers tried to create a “winged tank”. On January 19, 1933, the design bureau of Aram Nazarovich Rafaelianets, a Soviet aircraft designer and future developer of the Turbolet experimental vertically take-off apparatus equipped with the AL-9 G gas turbine engine (1957), was tasked with creating such a tank. The idea was to suspend the BT tank from the plane from which the motor was dismantled, and the propeller was operated from the tank engine by means of a mechanical transmission. After landing, the crew had to undock the tank from the “aircraft” and enter the battle, and tankers would not need to leave the car for this. It is interesting that at the same time Nikolai Ilyich Kamov, the future creator of coaxial helicopters, presented his project of a “flying tank” - it was a kind of hybrid of a light tank and a gyroplane.

The “flying tank” of the Rafaelian was supposed to be armed with a 20-mm automatic cannon and a DT machine gun, armor protection was bulletproof, the power plant was a 650-horsepower M-17 engine. However, it soon became clear that with such a power plant the tank can fly only “stone down”. The project was closed, but after the outbreak of World War II, when things at the front were not very brilliant, they began to grab onto any straws. They also remembered the “flying tank”, the work on which this time was taken over by aircraft designer Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov.

It was about creating an existing light tank T-60, which was produced in the amount of almost 6000 pieces and armed with a 20-mm TNSh cannon and a 7.62-mm DT machine gun, a simple, single-use biplane airframe design with a spaced twin-tail plumage with two stabilizers. The tank was to be “inserted” into the glider, which, in turn, was to be towed by DB-3 F or TB-3 aircraft. It was planned that the “winged tank” would detach from the towing plane 20-26 km from the designated landing area, silently cover the distance and land, after which the glider was reset and the machine entered the battle. This system was supposed to be used to transfer light tank detachments for sabotage raids behind enemy lines or to strengthen partisan detachments. The glider, which was assigned the designation “CT” (“Tank Wings”, also used the designations AT, AT-1 and A-40), was designed in just two weeks, and already in the summer of 1942 a prototype built in Tyumen was ready to the tests. The glider biplane box had a wingspan of 18.0 m, the length of the glider was 12.06 m, the mass of the glider with the tank was 7804 kg, and the tank itself was lightened to 5800 kg (the tank lost weapons, headlights and almost all fuel for testing). The wings were two-spar, with plywood toe up to the first spar and linen sheathing, they were connected by a set of four I-shaped posts and braces. The wings had ailerons and slotted flaps, the elevator was available only on the upper stabilizer. The glider in flight was controlled by a tank driver, for which there was a cable control. The crew also included a shooter.

However, as in the case with any "miracle weapon", in reality the situation turned out to be significantly far from those fantasies that possessed the military and designers. There are no miracles. The same thing happened with the "flying tank" KT / T-60 - this armored airline was able to make only one flight, September 2, 1942. A towing aircraft, the role of which was a modified TB-3 bomber with four reinforced aircraft, each with a capacity of 970 liters. with., engines AM-34 RN (crew commander Pavel Arsentyevich Eremeev), and the glider-tank KT was controlled by the famous Soviet test pilot Sergei Nikolaevich Anokhin (1910-1986). The complex went up into the air, of course, but due to the high aerodynamic drag, the power of the TB-3 power plant was only enough to raise the complex to a height of 40 meters and reach a speed of 130 km / h. An attempt to increase speed was unsuccessful - the motors began to overheat, and the entire complex began to lose altitude. Pilot P.A. Erofeev ultimately decided to disconnect the glider from the tank in an emergency near the nearest airfield, from where the tank returned to its base under its own power. The Advanced Research Foundation (FPI), supervised by Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin, has determined the winner of the competition for the creation of a “flying car”. 61 applications were submitted for the competition, and two companies became the winners - PromService from Istra (Moscow Region) and Flash-M from Krasnoyarsk.

“It is supposed to conclude agreements with the winner and winner of the FPI on the implementation of aviation projects, based on the results of which decisions will be made on the implementation in 2018-2020, at the expense of the FPI of the corresponding scientific and technical projects to create an aircraft of vertical or ultra-short take-off and landing,” it says in FPI information. Other details about the project are not given [8]. Currently, AvtoVAZ also plans to develop “flying cars”. The Russian company Hoversuper has developed a flying passenger taxi based on flying drones. The aircraft is fully automated and guided by the Glanas system. At the same time, it tracks all objects of the surrounding airspace [9]. Extensive experience in testing experimental aircraft models has shown that aircraft with vertical take-off and landing are more promising, the mass production of which is the problem of tomorrow.

The German company Lilium Aviation has developed a machine that can accommodate four people, capable of taking off vertically, like a helicopter, and will have a jet engine. It will run on hydrogen fuel.

The flying car will use Urban Aeronautics' patented Fancraft technology. This means that the rotor blades will be installed inside the vehicle, and not outside, as in helicopters. This technology will allow a flying car to land and take off vertically from any surface without risking the blades [10].

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION - the creation of an aeronautical apparatus based on a serial machine and a multicopter using gas tanks to create lift.

For the prototype, you can take the aeronautical apparatus, consisting of a machine and a steam plane. Here, the weight of the machine is offset by the lift of the glider. The machine must have a pushing screw and a runway over 100 m. It flies at a speed of 60 km / h at an altitude of up to 900 m. Issues of control, takeoff and landing are problematic. Machine for extreme sports [11].

An aeronautical apparatus is proposed, including a serial production car, multicopter, nacelle, ACS, battery compartment, orientation and tracking system, the apparatus is distinguished by the fact that on the roof of the machine at its center is a nacelle consisting of a system of gas chambers enclosed in a rigid case in the form of a bellows , the tension of which is controlled by automatic tensioning devices, two electric motors with a variable thrust vector are installed along the edges of the roof of the machine, creating directional movement of the device during flight.

The car hovering near the ground, and if necessary can overcome obstacles up to 2-3 m high. The machine can fly around the cork, rise when towing out of water and dirt. The main lifting force, which compensates for the weight of the machine, is created by gas chambers located in the rigid housing of the bellows. The translational movement of the aeronautical apparatus is carried out by electric motors with a variable thrust vector using an on-board computer, ACS and joystick. Electric motors are powered by batteries charged when the machine is moving.

Gas chambers are filled from a cylinder with compressed helium. Excess gas is pumped back into the cylinder by the compressor. The machine is designed for short-term flights in difficult situations and is not intended for long-distance flights at high altitudes, which would require the presence of wings and powerful helicopter engines, which means additional batteries and tanks with fuel, as well as the aerodynamic properties of the machine body. This will no longer be a car, but a hybrid aircraft, less suited to travel on roads and with big problems with admission to the sky.

In FIG. 1 shows an aeronautical apparatus - top view;

in FIG. 2 shows an aeronautical apparatus - a side view with a section.

The aeronautical apparatus consists of:

1 - an automatic tensioner, 2 - a bellows-shaped nacelle, 3 - an electric motor with a variable thrust vector, 4 - a machine body, 5 - a tensioner cable, 5 - a swivel bracket, 7 - an annular nozzle, a safety screw, 8 - a support frame, 9 - gas chamber.

In principle, an aeronautical apparatus is a conventional machine equipped with an aircraft device consisting of a nacelle, a multiplexer and a control system.

When driving on the road, the device is in a case and the car is not much different in the total flow of cars. In difficult situations: traffic jams or slipping, repair work on the road, etc., gas from the cylinder fills the gondola and the car hangs over the road, then the electric motors are turned on and the aeronautic moves to the right place. Obstacles up to 3 m high are overcome by lifting the apparatus, and above - by flying around. Most of the elements of the proposed device are made of light carbon fiber, such as ABS plastic or KLEVLAR fiber, which are stronger than steel, but lighter than it.

In endless Russia there are few good roads, but a lot of snow, deserts and swamps. The proposed “flying machine” everywhere can be a life-saving tool in sand, snow and mud, and the cost of such a machine is not much more than usual.

Literature

1. Scherbakov V. Flying car: from fiction to reality // Brother: Monthly magazine of special forces. - M .: Vityaz-Bratishka LLC, 2013. - No. 4. - S. 44-44

2. The Transition (Terrafugia, USA),

3.PALV (J. Becker, Holland),

4. AMV-211 (AMV Aircraft, USA),

5. Skyblazer (R. Hines, USA),

6. Aerocar (Multon Taylor, USA),

7. The French pilot crossed the English Channel on a flying car. RuNews24.ru (June 14, 2017).

8. https://news.drom.ru/52441.html?tcb = 1499424897

9. https://yotube.com

10. rosbalt.ru

11. https://myvi.ru

Claims (1)

An aeronautical apparatus, including a serial production car, multicopter, nacelle, ACS, battery compartment, orientation and tracking system, characterized in that on the roof of the machine at its center is a nacelle consisting of a system of gas chambers enclosed in a rigid case in the form of a bellows, tensile which is controlled by automatic tensioning devices, two electric motors with a variable traction vector are installed along the edges of the roof of the machine.

Images