RU2658768C1 - Rotary cavitation dispersant generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the oscillations in flowing liquid medium generating devices and can be used in chemical, oil, machine building, food industries and agriculture for preparation of the water-fuel emulsions, high quality and good digestibility fodders and the various wastes disinfection, as well as for food cooking under extreme conditions. Rotary, cavitation dispersant generator contains stationary housing having working cavity, inlet and outlet branch pipes. In the working cavity rotor is arranged with the possibility of rigidly detachable connection to the electric motor drive shaft. Inlet branch pipe is arranged coaxially to the rotor axis of rotation, the outlet branch pipe is arranged orthogonal to the latter. Cavitation chamber is located in front of the outlet branch pipe. In the working cavity coaxial to the rotor axis of rotation a stator is installed. Stator is made in the form of cylindrical shell, in which wall radially oriented slots are made, and the rotor comprises coupled with a disk cylindrical bushing, which end is provided with annular projection. Stationary housing is made so, that the rotor cavity diameter is smaller than diameter of its inlet opening, and on the annular projection end a flat ring is installed, with the L-shaped cross-section formation in the rotor longitudinal diametrical section. Through the annular projection wall and coupled with it flat ring, radially oriented slots are made. Stator and rotor are made and arranged so, that the gap between the stator inner surface and the rotor outer surface makes from 50 to 100 mcm, and the stator uncut part and the rotor flat ring are facing the inlet branch pipe. Number of slots in the rotor by 1.2–2.5 times exceeds the number of slots in the stator, and the rotor outer surface filling with slots factor is determined from the

expression, where τ_p is the factor of the rotor outer surface filling with slots; a is the slots in the rotor width (1–3 mm); z_p is the number of slots in the rotor (30–80 pieces, depending on the rotor radius); R is the rotor outer surface radius, mm.

EFFECT: upon implementation, the invention enables achievement of technical result, consisting in multicomponent products preparation quality improvement with simultaneous enhancing of technological capabilities due to provision the possibility of various multicomponent homogenized products preparation based on physically immiscible media suitable for further use in various industries.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for generating oscillations in a flowing liquid medium and can be used in the chemical, oil, engineering, food industries, agriculture for the preparation of water-fuel emulsions, high-quality feeds and good digestibility and disinfection of various wastes, for cooking food in extreme conditions.

A device for physico-chemical processing of liquid media containing axially located rotor and stator having holes on the working surfaces. Between the cylindrical part of the rotor and the inner surface of the housing there is a removable sleeve forming a sliding bearing, in contact with the end face of the stator, the clamped cover, while the rotor is endowed with additional holes (see RU No. 2185898, 2002).

The disadvantages of the invention: the device is intended for physico-chemical treatment of only liquid media; the shape of the holes responsible for the occurrence of cavitation bubbles is not reflected.

Known rotary, cavitation generator-dispersant consisting of a stationary housing equipped with inlet and outlet nozzles in communication with the working cavity, in which the rotor is placed, rigidly and releasably connected with the drive shaft of the electric motor, while the drive shaft is cantilevered in bearing groups, and the input pipe is coaxial with the axis of rotation of the rotor, and the outlet pipe is orthogonal to it (see RU No. 2433873, B06B 1/18, 2011).

The disadvantages of the known device are the lack of versatility in recyclable materials and their multicomponent nature.

The objective of the invention is to ensure the versatility of the device for recyclable materials and their multicomponent.

The technical result is the provision of the possibility of preparing various multicomponent homogenized products based on physically immiscible liquid media suitable for further use in various industries, including the processing of heavy grades of oil before the cracking process in order to improve physicochemical characteristics; preparation of homogenized water-fuel oil mixtures suitable for use as an alternative boiler fuel that meets the main technical specifications for commercial fuel oil GOST 10585-99; processing fatty waste from the production of fishmeal (TUK) and waste from the production of refined oil (SOAPSTOKA) and preparing effective fuel mixtures based on it, suitable for use as boiler fuel.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the rotary, cavitation generator-dispersant consisting of a fixed housing equipped with inlet and outlet nozzles in communication with the working cavity in which the rotor is located is rigidly and releasably connected to the drive shaft of the electric motor, while the drive shaft is cantilevered in bearing groups, and the input pipe is coaxial with the axis of rotation of the rotor, and the output pipe is orthogonal to it, characterized in that the working cavity is installed coaxially with the axis of rotation of the rotor, and a stator made in the form of a cylindrical shell with a radially oriented slot in the wall is rigidly, detachably attached to it, while the rotor contains a cylindrical sleeve mated to a disk, the end of which is provided with an annular protrusion, while the diameter of the rotor cavity is less than the diameter of its input holes, for which the end of the annular protrusion is provided with a flat ring, with the formation of an L-shaped section in the longitudinal diametrical section of the rotor, moreover, through the wall of the annular protrusion and the flat ring mating with it o radially oriented slots are made, in addition, the gap between the inner surface of the stator and the outer surface of the rotor is from 50 to 100 μm, while the uncut part of the stator and the flat ring of the rotor face the inlet pipe, and the number of slots in the rotor exceeds the number of slots in stator, in addition, the cavitation chamber is placed in front of the outlet pipe. In addition, the fill factor of the outer surface of the rotor with slots is determined from the expression

where τ _p is the fill factor of the outer surface of the rotor with slots;

a - the width of the slots in the rotor (1-3 mm);

z _p is the number of slots in the rotor (30-80 pcs, depending on the radius of the rotor);

R is the radius of the outer surface of the rotor, mm

In addition, the number of slots of the rotor is 1.2-2.5 times higher than the number of slots of the stator. In addition, the fill factor of the outer surface of the rotor τ _p equal to 0.5 ... 0.75, depending on the magnitude of the radial clearance between the rotor and the stator. In addition, the rotor is spring-loaded along its axis of rotation and is equipped with seals of the working gap.

A comparative analysis of the features of the claimed solution with the features of the prototype and analogues indicates the conformity of the claimed solution to the criterion of "novelty."

The combination of features of the claims provides a solution to the problem - the versatility of the device for recyclable materials and their multicomponent. In this case, the features of the characterizing part of the claims solve the following functional tasks.

Signs “in the working cavity (the fixed case of the device) is installed coaxially with the axis of rotation of the rotor, and a stator made in the form of a cylindrical shell with radially oriented slots in the wall is rigidly and releasably mounted” provide the possibility of forming a system of dispersing slots additional to the dispersing system rotor slots.

Signs indicating that "the rotor contains a cylindrical sleeve mated to a disk, the end of which is provided with an annular protrusion, while the diameter of the cavity of the rotor is less than the diameter of its inlet, for which the end of the annular protrusion is provided with a flat ring, with the formation of an L-shaped section in the longitudinal diametrical section of the rotor ”provide the possibility of receiving mixed heterogeneous multicomponent liquid substances into the internal cavity of the rotating rotor and their subsequent forcing through the slots of the rotating p torus into the gap between it and the stator.

Signs indicating that “radially oriented slots are made through the wall of the annular protrusion and the flat ring conjugated with it” provide for the formation of slots in the rotor annular protrusion and the flat ring conjugated with it, and accordingly, the materials being pushed through them into the gap between the rotor and the stator.

Signs indicating that "the gap between the inner surface of the stator and the outer surface of the rotor is from 50 to 100 microns" provides the possibility of natural friction in the mixed liquids in the gap between the rotor and the stator, and the occurrence of shear stresses resulting from this, under the influence of which the molecular structure breaks liquids and incorporation into each other of particles of different physical properties according to the principle of "water in oil".

Signs indicating that “the uncut part of the stator and the flat rotor ring are facing the inlet pipe” provide the same degree of impact on the entire volume of materials fed to the mixing and simplify the sealing of the internal space of the device.

Signs indicating that “the number of slots in the rotor exceeds the number of slots in the stator” provide the appearance of variable pressure in the gap between the inner surface of the stator and the outer surface of the rotor, due to pulsating flows arising from the difference in the distances between the dispersion slots of the rotating rotor and the stationary stator.

Signs indicating that the “cavitation chamber is placed in front of the outlet” provide a final effect on the materials being mixed, which is manifested in cavitation pulses and, thereby, the forced activation of their own surface-active properties.

The second and fourth claims, define the relationship between the design parameters of the device, allowing you to vary the design dimensions of the rotor and stator.

The fifth claim excludes leaks along the rotor shaft and bearing groups, including through bearing groups.

In FIG. 1 shows a vertical longitudinal section through a device; in FIG. 2 shows a fragment of a front view of a stator; in FIG. 3 shows a section AA of the stator; in FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section through a stator; in FIG. 5 shows a front view of the rotor; in FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal section through the rotor.

The drawings show a fixed housing 1, with a cavity 2, input 3 and output 4 nozzles, shaft 5, groups 6 and 7 of the rolling bearings, spacer sleeve 8, shutter 9, stator 10, with slots 11, a rotor containing a cylindrical sleeve 12, a disk 13, an annular protrusion 14, a flat ring 15 and radially oriented slots 16, a gap 17 between the inner surface of the stator 10 and the outer surface of the rotor, a spring 18, a cavitation chamber 19, a sliding bearing 20, sealing cups 21 and 22, a sealing ring 23 of the shaft 5, clamping nut 24 with elastic gasket 25, ring 26 plotnenie shutter 9, frame 27, tabs 28 and 29, pin 30, an annular protrusion 31, flange cover 32.

The rotary, cavitation dispersant generator is made in the form of a prefabricated monoblock mounted on a single platform. At the same time, shaft 5 is connected at one end to an electric motor (not shown in the drawings) - a key 28, and the other - to a cylindrical sleeve 12 of the rotor - a key 29. From the longitudinal displacements of the rotor along the shaft 5, a clamping nut 24 with an elastic gasket 25 is screwed onto a stud 30 screwed into a threaded hole in the shaft end portion 5 (not indicated in the drawings).

The fixed housing 1 is rigidly and detachably mounted on the frame 27, one end of its cavity 2 contains a first cylindrical groove, the diameter of which allows the corresponding part of the shaft 5 to be mounted with a group of 6 and 7 rolling bearings, the groove being called through a loaned cylindrical hollow section (on the drawings is not indicated) is communicated with a second cylindrical groove of a larger cross-sectional diameter made at the second end of the housing 1. The outer surface of the second end of the housing 1 is provided with an annular protrusion 31 th.

In the first cylindrical groove, groups 6 and 7 of the rolling bearings are installed, so that group 6 is abutted in a transverse protrusion formed by a narrowed cylindrical hollow section, while a spacer sleeve 8 is installed between groups 6 and 7 of the rolling bearings, and the free end of the group of 7 bearings is tightened flange cover 32 is rigidly and demountably fixed to the end of the housing 1 facing the key 28.

In addition, the rotor is spring-loaded with a spring 18 along its axis of rotation.

The cavitation chamber 19 is made in the form of a cylindrical body with a cylindrical recess in it, coaxial with the axis of rotation of the rotor open to the inlet pipe 3, while the diameter of this recess exceeds the diameter of the end of the housing 1 mating with it by the wall thickness of the stator 10.

The cavity of the cavitation chamber 19 is associated with the cavity of the outlet pipe 4 and the cavity of the diametrically opposite additional pipe. At the same time, one end of the cavitation chamber 19 is abutted in the annular protrusion 31 and rigidly and detachably bonded to it. The second end of the cavitation chamber 19 is made with the possibility of rigid and detachable fastening with the inlet pipe 3.

To prevent leaks of the processed fluid from the cavity of the cavitation chamber and directly along the shaft 5 during operation of the device, an end seal is provided, consisting of a sliding bearing 20 (made of heat-resistant and resistant to external aggression salicylic graphite) and stationary shaft sealing rings 23 located on both sides of it 5 (made of fluorine rubber), sealing cuffs 21 and 22, made of fluorine rubber and similar to the material of the annular seal 26 of the shutter 9.

The stator 10 is made in the form of a cylindrical shell, in the wall of which there are made radially oriented slots 11.

The rotor contains a cylindrical sleeve 12, conjugated with the disk 13, the end of which is equipped with an annular protrusion 14, while the diameter of the cavity of the rotor is less than the diameter of its inlet, for which the end of the annular protrusion 14 is provided with a flat ring 15, with the formation of an L-shaped section in the longitudinal a radial section of the rotor, and radially oriented slots 16 are made through the wall of the annular protrusion 14 and the flat ring 15 conjugated with it 16. Moreover, the number of slots 16 of the rotor is 1.2-2.5 times greater than the number of slots 11 of the stator 10.

In addition, the gap 17 between the inner surface of the stator 10 and the outer surface of the rotor is from 50 to 100 μm, while the uncut part of the stator 10 and the flat ring 15 of the rotor face the inlet 3, and the number of slots in the rotor exceeds the number of slots in the stator In addition, the cavitation chamber 19 is located up to the outlet pipe 4.

The ratio of the design dimensions of the cavitation chamber 19, the stationary stator 10, the rotating rotor, the number and dimensions, the number and ratio of their slots 16 (rotor) and slots 11 (stator) are calculated and selected depending on the initial quality characteristics of the processed fluids according to a specially developed program.

Moreover, the fill factor of the outer surface of the rotor with slots 16 is determined from the expression

where τ _p is the fill factor of the outer surface of the rotor with slots; a is the width of the slots in the rotor (1-3 mm);

z _p is the number of slots in the rotor (30-80 pcs, depending on the radius of the rotor); R is the radius of the outer surface of the rotor, mm

In addition, the fill factor of the outer surface of the rotor τ _p equal to 0.5 ... 0.75, depending on the magnitude of the radial clearance between the rotor and the stator.

The device enables the preparation of various multicomponent homogenized products based on physically immiscible liquid media suitable for further use in various industries, including the processing of heavy grades of oil before the cracking process in order to improve physicochemical characteristics; preparation of homogenized water-fuel oil mixtures suitable for use as an alternative boiler fuel that meets the main technical specifications for commercial fuel oil GOST 10585-99; processing fatty waste from the production of fishmeal (TUK) and waste from the production of refined oil (SOAP-STOKA) and preparing effective fuel mixtures based on it, suitable for use as boiler fuel.

The rotor is driven into rotation due to the operation of an electric motor (not shown in the drawings), from which shaft to shaft 5 the rotation is transmitted through a mechanical coupling (not shown) with key 28, and from shaft 5 to the rotor, rotation is transmitted from the key 29.

A pre-prepared initial liquid, in the form of a coarse emulsion, which is a heterogeneous multicomponent liquid substance, including physically immiscible additives, enters the internal cavity of the rotating rotor through the inlet pipe 3.

Further, under the influence of the angular velocity, the liquids penetrate through radially oriented slots 16, uniformly placed on the rotor (rotating) into the gap 17 between the rotating rotor and the stationary stator 10, where under the influence of variable pressure arising due to pulsating flows (due to the difference in the distances between slots 16 of the rotor and slots 11 of the fixed stator 10, subject to natural friction in the gap 17 (depending on the type of medium being processed from 50 to 100 microns), is exposed to This shear stresses, under the influence of which the molecular structure of the liquid breaks. As a result, its particles that are heterogeneous in physical properties, are built into each other on the principle of "water in oil" depending on the difference in the values of the intrinsic initial surfactants and further, under the influence of the effect of hydrodynamic cavitation and pressure of the feed pump (not shown in the drawings) is squeezed out through the slots 11 of the fixed stator 10 onto its outer surface, where it is subjected to an additional ultrasound to the influence of sound and then goes into the cavitation chamber, in which due to the formation of short discharged delayed pulses of negative pressure, compression and subsequent destruction (collapse) of the resulting cavitation bubbles occurs with the formation of positive cavitation pulses, as a result of which the above processes and the resulting physicochemical reactions, particles of an excited liquid bind to each other and are transformed into a deeply dispersed homogenized ma SSU, based on the organization of stable solvent bonds, due to the forced activation of its own surface-active properties. The threshold of physical exposure necessary to obtain a high-quality homogenized product depends on the initial characteristics of the processed fluid, the operating parameters of the device. The finished product leaves through the outlet pipe 4.

Claims (8)

1. Rotary, cavitation generator-dispersant, consisting of a fixed housing having a working cavity, inlet and outlet nozzles in communication with the working cavity, a rotor located in the working cavity, with the possibility of hard-detachable connection with the drive shaft of the electric motor, and the drive shaft is cantilever mounted in the bearing groups, and the inlet pipe is coaxial with the axis of rotation of the rotor, the outlet pipe is orthogonal to the last, characterized in that the cavitation chamber is placed in front of the outlet pipe, in the working cavity installed stator coaxially with the axis of rotation of the rotor and rigidly, detachably fastened to it, the stator is made in the form of a cylindrical shell, the wall of which is made of radially oriented slots, while the rotor contains a cylindrical sleeve mated to a disk, the end of which is provided with an annular protrusion, a stationary case made in such a way that the diameter of the rotor cavity is less than the diameter of its inlet, a flat ring is installed at the end of the annular protrusion, with the formation of a L-shaped cross section in the longitudinal diametrical a section of the rotor, moreover, radially oriented slots are made through the wall of the annular protrusion and the flat ring mating with it, while the stator and rotor are made and placed so that the gap between the inner surface of the stator and the outer surface of the rotor is from 50 to 100 μm, and the uncut part the stator and the flat rotor ring are facing the inlet pipe, and the number of slots in the rotor exceeds 1.2-2.5 times the number of slots in the stator, and the fill factor of the outer surface of the rotor with slots is determined elyayut of expression

, where τ _p is the fill factor of the outer surface of the rotor with slots; a - the width of the slots in the rotor (1-3 mm); z _p is the number of slots in the rotor (30-80 pcs., depending on the radius of the rotor); R is the radius of the outer surface of the rotor, mm 2. The rotary cavitation dispersant generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor is designed in such a way that the fill factor of the outer surface of the rotor τ _p is 0.5 ... 0.75, depending on the magnitude of the radial clearance between the rotor and the stator. 3. Rotary, cavitation dispersant generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor is spring-loaded along its axis of rotation and provided with seals of the working gap.

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