RU2657583C1 - Drilling tool guiding device for selective entry into the branch hole - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: soil or rocks drilling.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of oil and gas wells drilling and overhauling, namely it is used for the drilling tool selective entry into the branch hole (BH) after the whipstock withdrawal from the main shaft. Guiding device includes connected to the pipe string bore with the direction change mechanism with hollow shank for connection to the drilling tool. Bore is connected to the movement direction changing mechanism with possibility of controlled rotation transmission, and the shank is equipped with a deflector, hydraulically connected to the shank inner cavity and to the pipe string through the movement direction changing mechanism channel. Movement direction changing mechanism is made in the form of upper piston with a hollow rod, pivotally connected to the shank adapter, and the deflector is in the form of radial channel with calibrated hole. Movement direction changing mechanism piston is spring-loaded upwards and inserted into the bore with possibility of limited longitudinal movement downwards with the hinge joint exit from the bore. From the outside, the piston rod and the adapter upper part are provided with longitudinal grooves or recesses for the corresponding inner planes or bore protrusions for rotation transmitting. Below the radial channel, a jet with passageway is installed in the shank. Movement direction changing mechanism channel cross-section and the jet channel are made with such area, that during the liquid pumping to ensure the pressures difference necessary for the piston extension from the bore and the shank deflection by means of radial channel and hinge joint, respectively.

EFFECT: enabling reduction in the number of emergency situations associated with the drilling tool failure to enter into the BH.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of drilling and overhaul of oil and gas wells, namely, it is used for selective entry of a drilling tool into a sidetrack (BS), which allows for the development, patterning or drilling of a BS of a multilateral or multilateral well after removing the deflector from the main trunk.

Known recoverable wedge-deflector, designed for drilling multilateral wells (US Pat. RU No. 2006561, IPC 5 ЕВВ 7/08, publ. 01/30/1994 in Bulletin No. 2), comprising a housing consisting of upper and lower parts, and a deflecting wedge . A unit for securing the device in the well, installed under a deflecting wedge between the parts of the body, a sealing unit with a locking mechanism, and a unit for lowering the device into the well. In this case, the locking mechanism of the sealing unit is made in the form of a split sleeve with a protrusion connected to the lower part of the body and connected to its upper part with a collar and a slot in the wall, the lower part of the body having a lock located in the slot of the pipe, the lowering unit is made in the casing is connected in the initial position by shear pins with a wedge with oblique cutouts and pockets, and the wedge has fingers for placement in the latter.

The disadvantages of this wedge-diverter are:

- the need to lower the drill pipe string and geophysical instruments for oriented deflection of the deflecting wedge and fixing it in the well, leading to large material and time costs;

- the absence of structural fixation elements without emphasis on the bottom and individual orientation elements relative to the already drilled BS, which makes it impossible to fix the deflecting wedge in the well without blocking the main trunk and creating an emphasis for its installation, such as a packer, stopper plug or cement bridge, which is necessary to drill after removing the deflector wedge from the main trunk, and to great difficulties with re-installing the recoverable deflector wedge with its exact installation opposite the “window”, for re-entry into the desired BS of a multilateral well, since the smallest errors with azimuth and depth orientation overlap the bore of the “window” and do not allow the drilling tool to go into the BS, since the diameter of this tool is equal to the diameter of the BS.

It is known "Device for multilateral drilling of productive formations in one well" (US Pat. RU No. 2197593, IPC 7 ЕВВ 7/08, published on January 27, 2003 in Bulletin No. 3), including a housing rigidly connected to a pipe equipped with a seat for extractable a wedge and having a groove for the key that interacts with the groove of the nozzle, and a sub. The casing is made in the form of a longitudinally-corrugated pipe, plugged from the bottom side, and a sub mounted on the other side connecting it to the pipe and equipped with a sleeve of easily drilled material for connection to the process column, and the pipe seat is made in the form of an inclined surface turning into a longitudinal groove for a key installed in the landing sleeve of the orienting retainer, one of the surfaces of which corresponds to the landing inclined surface of the housing pipe, and the other is provided a gear surface interacting with the gear surface of the support sleeve rigidly fixed to the shaft of the orienting retainer, wherein the landing sleeve is rotatable on the retainer shaft and secured in the gear connection with the support sleeve by means of a clamping sleeve having a threaded connection to the orienting retainer shaft, and a removable wedge made with the possibility of regulating the installation depth in the well by means of a replaceable extension cord located between the retainer and the extracted wedge.

The disadvantages of this device are:

- the need to lower the drill pipe string and geophysical instruments for oriented deflection of the deflecting wedge and fixing it in the well, leading to large material and time costs;

- the presence of an unrecoverable anchor that overlaps the main wellbore;

- the complexity of the design and, as a consequence, the high material costs of manufacturing the device.

Known hydraulic deflector (US Pat. RU No. 2311522, IPC ЕВВ 7/08, published on November 27, 2007, Bull. No. 33), including a wedge-deflector with an inclined working surface made in the form of a chute, a support assembly comprising a cylindrical hollow body with for windows for dies, a spacer element located in the aforementioned hollow body with inclined surfaces, on which dies with teeth are located on the front surface with the possibility of movement, and on the back side a groove corresponding to a T-shaped protrusion on the inclined surface of the spacer element, hydra a pressure chamber and a flexible high-pressure hose for supplying fluid to a hydraulic chamber equipped with an adapter and packers arranged between the deflector wedge and the cylindrical hollow body of the support assembly, the spacer element having a guide part made in the form of a piston below and turning into a spacer part made in the form of a regular trihedral truncated pyramid narrowed downward, the edges of which are formed by an inclined surface and have protrusions under the rams, the teeth of which are made with an inclination downward, and the radial rams They are placed in the windows made in the lower part of the cylindrical hollow body of the support assembly at an angle of 120 ° relative to each other, while in the upper part of the housing of the support assembly there is an annular bore and an abutment forming a hydraulic chamber with the cylindrical surface of the guide part of the spacer element, which is connected with a flexible hose by means of the cavities made respectively in the adapter and in the guide part of the spacer element, the last of which is connected to the hydraulic chamber through the distributor, mounted in the guide part in the form of three holes through the angle of 120 ° relative to each other, and the support assembly body is mounted with the possibility of moving along the guide part of the spacer element with a simultaneous change in the volume of the hydraulic chamber, a plug is fixed at the end of the cylindrical hollow housing of the support assembly, fixed by a threaded connection with the spacer part of the spacer element, seals are installed between the inner surface of the hollow cylindrical body of the support assembly and the outer surface of the spacer element whether.

The disadvantages of this device are:

- the absence of a node of deviation and pressing against the wall of the casing of the wedge with a reverse working surface, which does not allow the device to be used in deviated and horizontal wells;

- the possibility of failure of the fixing unit of the diverter in the well, because the force exerted on its housing by the fluid passing through the distributor may not be enough to move the housing upward relative to the guide-expansion element, therefore, for its installation, it is necessary to create a stop in the main shaft, for example, a packer, stopper plug or cement bridge, which must be drilled after removal a deflecting wedge from the main shaft, which leads to contamination of the well and a decrease in its production capabilities;

- the unreliability of fixing the diverter in the well, because During the operation of the milling cutters and the drilling of the BS, vibrations occur, and the adhesion of the dies to the wall of the production string may weaken, which will lead to the rotation of the deflector wedge and the loss of the “window”;

- the possibility of unfastening the deflector due to the fact that after disconnecting the flexible high-pressure hose in the working chamber, the pressure will decrease, and there are no locks that hold the dies in the working position, they can loosen;

- the complexity of the design and, as a consequence, the high material costs of manufacturing the device.

Known devices for non-oriented drilling of BS from open-hole wells by the rotary method: centralizers, calibrators, stabilizers and weighted drill pipes, which, with different locations in the drilling arrangement, allow varying the intensity of changing the direction of drilling for cutting and drilling BS (Drilling of inclined and horizontal wells: a reference / A.G. Kalinin [et al.]; Edited by A.G. Kalinin. - M: Nedra, 1997. - S. 239-277).

The disadvantages of these devices are:

- the impossibility of deviating drill assemblies composed in various combinations of these devices without emphasis on the bottom, since when deflecting a drilling tool, elastic bending of the drill pipes is used;

- uncontrollability of the deviation of the drilling tool during drilling of BS, since the elasticity of the drill pipe is used to deflect it, which is influenced by many factors, for example, dip or hardness of the formation, rotational speed of the assembly, load on the bit and cone design, etc .;

- the impossibility of directing the drilling tool in the BS after drilling the main trunk, since the drilling assembly for drilling the BS freely passes along the main trunk without encountering stop and without deviating.

Known downhole motor (VZD) (US Pat. RU No. 23224803, IPC ЕВВ 7/06, ЕВВ 4/02, Е21В 7/08, published on 05/20/2008 in Bulletin No. 14), consisting of a working section containing a gerotor mechanism comprising a stator and a rotor, a spindle, comprising a bearing assembly with radial and axial bearings of rotation, a shaft and a spindle housing, a drive shaft and a sub, the spindle housing in the lower part being interfaced with a bit transformer, and in the upper part of the spindle housing on its inner surface, an elastic-elastic lining covering the stator is made, with The stator casing together with the elasto-elastic lining of the spindle casing make up a radial support of rotation, while at the bottom the stator is connected to the spindle shaft with a bearing assembly fixed to it, and at the top with a sub for connecting to the drill string, in addition, the rotor and the chisel sub are kinematically connected by a drive shaft placed in the inner cavity of the spindle shaft.

The disadvantages of this device are:

- the deviation angle of the spindle part of the VZD is small and is installed at the wellhead. To change it, it is necessary to extract the drilling assembly from the well each time, which increases the time for drilling multilateral and multilateral wells;

- the overall dimensions of the VZD after setting the deviation angle of the spindle part and connection with the drilling tool (bit, calibrator, cutter, etc.) are smaller than the diameter of the main wellbore, therefore, the VZD does not allow the drilling tool to be directed into the drilled BS, the layout slides along the main shaft and does not send the drilling tool to the BS, therefore, to enter the drilling tool into the BS, it is necessary to use a deflector wedge, which increases the time and material costs for the construction of multilateral wells;

- centralizers installed on the upper sub and on the chisel sub at the bottom of the device increase the overall dimensions of the VZD and reduce the angle of deviation of the spindle part, which in turn reduces the angle of deviation of the drilling tool connected to the VZD and the probability of its entry into the BS. To enter the drilling tool in the layout with the VZD from the main trunk in the BS, the installation of a deflector wedge is required.

Known articulated coupling (Drilling of deviated, horizontal and multilateral wells. / A.S. Povalikhin [et al.]; Under the general editorship of Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor A.G. Kalinin. - M.: TsentrLitNefteGaz, 2011 .- S. 379-382), consisting of an upper and lower sub for connecting the air intake rotor with a chisel, respectively, and a housing in which a ball joint is mounted with a supporting heel, while the housing is connected to the upper sub with a cam clutch via a key.

The disadvantages of this device are:

- the absence of a mechanism for forcibly changing the angle of deviation of the drilling tool relative to the axis of the drilling assembly (deviation unit) for selective input of the drilling tool into the BS, the deviation of the drilling tool occurs under the influence of its stop on the bottom hole;

- the absence of structural elements for fixing the moving parts along the axis of the device during the movement of the drilling tool in the BS, which can lead to drilling of a new barrel and an emergency;

- the presence of difficult to manufacture and expensive to manufacture mating spherical surfaces, the complexity of their sealing and, as a result, the high cost of the device.

Known controlled rotary tool (US Pat. RU No. 2435015, IPC ЕВВ 7/06, Е21В 44/00, publ. 11/27/2011 in Bulletin No. 33), built into the drilling device to adjust the direction of drilling BS in real time by commands with ground, consisting of an external tubular body, at least one controlled pusher, movably mounted on the body to move between the extended and retracted positions, a tubular shaft mounted inside the body and configured to attach to the drill string to transmit a rotary or to the drill bit, wherein the shaft forms a channel for the passage of drilling fluid to the drill bit, a pressure chamber formed between the shaft and the housing, connected to at least one of the said pusher to control its extension.

The disadvantages of this tool are:

- insufficient extension of the controlled pusher to guide the drilling tool into the BS, since for a guaranteed entry of the drilling tool into the BS it must be shifted from the device axis by at least twice the diameter of the BS, and the pusher shifts the bit for drilling the main shaft only a few millimeters from its axis, the main deviation of the bit is due to the elastic bending of the drill pipe with the stop of the bit in the bottom hole. Drilling, development and patterning of the BS of a multilateral or multilateral well is carried out with a drilling tool of a smaller diameter, therefore, the overall dimensions of such assemblies with fully extended pushers are smaller than the diameter of the main trunk, and the drilling assemblies freely pass along the main trunk without encountering stop and without deviating. To enter the drilling tool in the arrangement with rotary controlled systems in the BS, the installation of a deflector wedge is required;

- the complexity of the design and, as a consequence, the high cost of manufacturing the tool, in operation requiring the presence of a team of highly qualified specialists at the well, which increases the cost of constructing multilateral wells.

The closest in technical essence is the “Guiding device for the targeted input of the technological tool into the lateral well bore during its operation” (Pat. RU No. 2302510, IPC ЕВВ 23/03, published on July 10, 2007 in Bulletin No. 19), including the transporting an organ with a mechanism for changing the direction of movement. In this case, the transporting body with the mechanism for changing the direction of movement consists of a barrel, on which a connecting rod with a shank is suspended using a sleeve nut, a connecting rod rotator is attached to the barrel, having spline protrusions and an annular groove, a support washer is installed between the barrel end and the spline protrusions of the connecting rod rotator and in the annular groove of the connecting rod rotator, spring elements are installed that are in constant contact with the connecting rod shank, the connecting rod is connected to the plate via an intermediate sub with a pinch valve assembly, in the case of which there is a sleeve with an integrated unit for fixing a hit of a technological tool (drilling tool) in the BS, the sleeve is fixed in the die-valve unit housing with a shear pin, the sleeve ends with a baffle with holes and a stopper fixed to the partition, and the unit the fixation consists of a housing, on the inclined surface of which a die is fixed with a shear pin and a retainer, while the housing of the ram-valve assembly and the sleeve have a combined hole.

The disadvantages of this device are:

- the impossibility of transmitting torque from the drill pipe string to the technological tool (drilling tool), since the springs keep the shank of the connecting rod from rotating only due to friction forces, in downhole conditions, when flushing fluids are pumped through the device to reduce the coefficient of friction, the springs will simply slip along the shank of the connecting rod, not transmitting torque to it;

- low functionality of the device associated with the inability to work out, template or drill the BS of a multilateral well when the BS of a multilateral well is drilled from the uncased part of the main trunk. In this case, the transition section between the main and the BS does not have a clear boundary, as in the case of cutting out a “window” in the casing wall and drilling the BS from the casing of the main shaft, and the spot assembly of the fixation unit for the technological tool entering the BS without encountering sufficient resistance, will not move up and open the central flushing channel in the lower partition, and flushing liquid will not enter the technological tool and the BS face;

- the presence of difficult to manufacture and expensive to manufacture mating spherical surfaces, spline connection of parts, the complexity of their sealing and, as a result, the high cost of the device.

The technical objectives of the invention are the creation of a simple reliable design of the guiding device of the drilling tool for selective entry into the BS with hydraulic deviation, allowing for the development, patterning or drilling of the BS of a multilateral well after removing the deflector from the main shaft, expanding the functionality of the guide device that allows you to enter the drilling tool in the BS of multilateral wells drilled from the uncased part of the main trunk, which it will reduce the number of emergencies associated with missed tools in the BS, and ultimately reduce the overall time and cost of building multilateral and multilateral wells.

Technical problems are solved by the guide tool of the drilling tool for selective entry into the lateral barrel, including a barrel connected to the pipe string with a mechanism for changing the direction of movement with a hollow shank for connection with the drilling tool, the shaft being connected to a mechanism for changing the direction of movement with the possibility of adjustable transmission of rotation, and the shank equipped with a diverter hydraulically connected to the inner cavity of the shank and through the channel of the mechanism for changing the direction of movement with the column tr Ub

What is new is that the mechanism for changing the direction of movement is made in the form of an upper piston with a hollow rod pivotally connected to the shank sub, and the diverter is in the form of a radial channel with a calibrated hole, while the piston of the mechanism for changing the direction of movement is spring-loaded upward and inserted into the barrel with the possibility limited longitudinal movement downward with the exit of the swivel from the barrel, and the piston rod and the upper part of the sub are provided externally with longitudinal grooves or samples to suit jets with a passage channel are installed below the radial channel in the liner, and the cross section of the channel of the mechanism for changing the direction of movement and the channel of the nozzle is made of such an area that, when pumping the liquid, the pressure drop necessary to respectively extend the piston from shaft and shaft deflection using radial channel and articulation.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a device with a longitudinal section in a transport position; in FIG. 2 is a general view of a device with a longitudinal section in the process of deviation and entry into the BS; in FIG. 3 is a section AA of FIG. 2; in FIG. 4 is a section BB of FIG. 2, in FIG. 5 is a view B of FIG. one.

The guiding device of the drilling tool for selective entry into the lateral shaft comprises a barrel 1 (Figs. 1 and 2) connected from above to a string of pipes (not shown) and to a mechanism for changing the direction of movement 2 with a hollow shank 3 for connection with a drilling tool 4 (bit, calibrator, milling cutter, etc.). The barrel 1 is connected to a mechanism for changing the direction of movement 2 with the possibility of an adjustable transmission of rotation. The shank 3 is equipped with a diverter 5 (Fig. 5), hydraulically connected to the inner cavity of the shank 3 (Fig. 1) and through channel 6 of the mechanism for changing the direction of movement 2 with the pipe string. In this case, the mechanism for changing the direction of movement 2 is made in the form of an upper piston 2 with a hollow rod 7 connected by a swivel joint 8 to an adapter 9 of the shank 3, and the diverter 5 (Fig. 5) - in the form of a radial channel 10 with a calibrated hole 11, this piston 2 is pressed up, for example, by a compression spring 12 (a tension spring, a rubber element, a gas chamber, etc. are not shown) and inserted into the barrel 1 with the possibility of limited longitudinal movement downward with the exit of the swivel joint 8 (Fig. 2) from barrel 1. Stem 7 of piston 2 and top the null part 13 of the sub 9 is provided externally with longitudinal grooves 14 (Figs. 3 and 4) or samples (not shown, which can be of the most varied configuration) for the corresponding inner planes 15 or protrusions (not shown, which can be of the most varied configuration and correspond to the grooves 14 or samples, respectively) of barrel 1 (Fig. 1) for transmitting rotation. Below the radial channel 10 of the deflector 5, a nozzle 16 with a passage channel 17 is installed in the shank 3. The cross section of the channel 6 of the mechanism for changing the direction of movement 2 and channel 6 of the nozzle 16 is made of such an area that, when pumping the liquid with a certain flow rate, the pressure drop necessary to extend the piston 2 (Fig. 2) with a hollow rod 7 from the barrel 1 and the shank 3 deflected at a predetermined angle using the radial channel 10 and a swivel 8. To prevent contamination and maintain operability (mobility) The connection 8 can be externally protected, for example, with a rubber cover, a corrugated hose, etc. (not shown), and inside - sleeve 18.

The device operates as follows.

The device is lifted from the bridges and mounted on the rotor table of the rig (not shown). Using the thread 19 (Fig. 1), the barrel 1 is connected to the pipe string. Then, a drilling tool 4 (a bit, a calibrator, a mill, etc.) is attached to the shank 3, which is necessary for a certain (planned) technological operation in a BS (not shown). The assembled assembly on the pipe string is lowered into the “window” interval (not shown) cut in the casing wall or in the wall of the main trunk when the BS of the multilateral well is drilled from the uncased part of the main trunk. The distance is determined by summing the lengths of the pipes in the column or by geophysical equipment (not shown). The piston 2 is pressed by the spring 12 to its highest position until the sub 9 of the shank 3 abuts against the barrel 1 of the device, so all the parts are in a position fixed along the axis of the device. The device moves freely along the main wellbore (not shown) of the well. In the interval "window" include a mud pump at the wellhead (not shown) with a certain flow rate and create pressure in the pipe string. Under the action of the differential pressure of the liquid due to the channel 6, the upper piston 2 (Fig. 2) compresses the spring 12 and extends the hollow rod 7 all the way down so that the swivel joint 8 extends beyond the lower edge of the barrel 1 and is released. At the same time, part of the liquid, passing through the channel 6, creates a pressure differential due to the nozzle 16 with the hole 17 between the inner and outer spaces of the liner 3, providing a reactive force of the liquid jet flowing from the radial channel 10 with the calibrated hole 11 of the deflector 5. As a result, the liner 3 with the drilling tool 4 is rotated in a swivel joint 8 at an angle sufficient to enter the drilling tool 4 in the BS. A device with a column of pipes is pressed against the wall of the main trunk, in which a “window” is cut, facilitating the complete entry of the drilling tool 4 into the BS. To check the device’s getting into the BS, without dropping the fluid pressure, the pipe string is slowly rotated by a rotor around the axis. When the drilling tool moves along the wall of the main shaft, the torque on the rotor will be small due to its friction against the borehole wall. The increase in torque on the rotor will be an indicator that the shank 3 with the drilling tool 4 deviated from the axis of the device and entered the BS, the wall of which creates an obstacle to the rotation of the device with the pipe string, at this moment the rotor is stopped. Then the mud pump is stopped, while the upper piston 2 with the hollow stem 7 is swivel 8, as well as the sub 9 with its upper part 13 and the shank 2 under the action of the spring 12 and the BS wall reaction rise up and fix the moving parts along the device axis, translating it in transport position (Fig. 1). In this position, the longitudinal grooves 14 (Figs. 3 and 4) or samples interact with the corresponding inner planes 15 or the protrusions of the barrel 1 (Fig. 1) to transmit rotation. The device moves along the BS until it reaches the zone of complication (the zone of shedding, adhering to the walls of the clay cake, etc.), when the drilling tool 4 rests against an obstacle. The mud pump and the rotor of the rig are turned on, transmitting rotation to the drilling tool 4 and maintaining a small axial load, which does not allow the upper piston 2 to overcome the force of the spring 12 and bring the swivel joint 8 to the lower edge of the barrel 1. In this case, all moving parts are 2, 7, 8, 13, 9 and 3 - the devices are in a position fixed along its axis and do not deviate from the BS axis. They work out, template or, if necessary, deepen the BS to the free passage of the drilling tool 4, without fear of cutting a new barrel in the BS. In this case, a fluid stream flowing from the radial channel 10 with a calibrated hole 11 of the deflector 5, made in the shank 3 in addition to the drilling tool, destroys the drill cuttings lying on the lower wall of the horizontal part of the BS, picks it up and brings it to the surface, improving cleaning of the horizontal part of the BS multilateral wells.

The proposed tool guide device for selective entry into the BS of a multi-hole well has a simple reliable design of the guide device and allows you to drill, pattern or drill a BS of a multi-hole well after removing the deflector from the main shaft, enter the drilling tool in the BS of multi-hole wells drilled from an open hole the main trunk, which reduces the number of emergencies associated with missed drilling tools in the BS, and ultimately with even reduce the total time and cost of construction of multilateral and multilateral wells.

Claims (1)

A drilling tool guiding device for selective entry into the lateral shaft, including a barrel connected to the pipe string with a movement direction changing mechanism with a hollow shank for connecting to the drilling tool, the shaft being connected to the movement direction changing mechanism with the possibility of adjustable rotation transmission, and the shank is equipped with a deflector, hydraulically connected with the inner cavity of the shank and through the channel of the mechanism for changing the direction of movement with the pipe string, characterized in that the fur The change in the direction of movement is made in the form of an upper piston with a hollow rod pivotally connected to the shank adapter, and the diverter is in the form of a radial channel with a calibrated hole, while the piston of the mechanism for changing the direction of movement is spring-loaded upward and inserted into the barrel with the possibility of limited longitudinal movement downward the output of the swivel from the barrel, and the piston rod and the upper part of the sub are provided externally with longitudinal grooves or samples for the corresponding internal planes and or projections of the barrel for transmitting rotation, a nozzle with a passage channel is installed below the radial channel in the shank, and the cross section of the channel of the mechanism for changing the direction of movement and the channel of the nozzle is made of such an area that, when pumping the liquid, the pressure differential necessary, respectively, to extend the piston from the barrel and shank deflection using radial channel and articulation.

Images