RU2657263C1 - Method of surface plastic deformation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods for surface plastic deformation of bodies of revolution. Rotary motion is communicated to the workpiece with respect to its own longitudinal axis. Longitudinal feed is reported to the tool with the deforming element. Deforming element of the tool is used, made in the form of a plate with a lateral working surface of the fillet. Tool is additionally reported to oscillate reciprocating motion in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece in a vertical plane tangential to the surface of the workpiece.

EFFECT: increases the quality of the surface to be treated.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for finishing and hardening processing of external surfaces of revolution based on surface plastic deformation when using a plate with a lateral rounding working surface, and is intended for use in various branches of the metalworking industry.

The prior art widely known methods of rolling surfaces of parts with freely rotating rollers or balls in contact with the rotating part under pressure. A disadvantage of the known methods is the difficulty of accurately setting the axis of the deforming element parallel to the axis of the part. If the axial line of the tool is lower than the axial line of the workpiece, the material will “run” onto the tool during deformation and form an additional plastic wave, which reduces the sharpness of the contour of the pattern and reduces surface roughness. If the center line of the tool is above the axis of the workpiece, then partial slippage occurs in the contact zone, the depth of plastic deformation decreases. During vibration rolling, a deforming tool in the form of a ball wears out quickly, as it undergoes sliding friction and works on almost one surface.

A known tool for finishing and hardening of the outer surfaces of rotation (SU No. 434001, IPC VVV 39/04, published 06/30/1974). According to this invention, the deforming element is made in the form of a full circular cylinder mounted with the possibility of free rotation and the ability to move along its axis.

Signs of an analogue that coincide with the essential features of the claimed device are the rotational movement of the workpiece around its axis, the longitudinal feed of the tool parallel to the axis of the workpiece.

A disadvantage of the known processing method is the inability to form a regular microrelief on the surface of the part in the form of intersecting waves of a given amplitude and pitch, as well as their changes in the manufacturing process.

A known method of processing cylindrical parts (SU No. 1353596, IPC V24V 39/04, published 11/23/1987), in which the surface plastic deformation of a rotating part is carried out by a conical roller with constant radial force when it is informed of the feed movement along the axis of the part, while plastic deformation is carried out with variable specific pressure, moreover, the conical roller is set perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece and inform it of an additional feed movement perpendicular to its main movement and tangent to the work surface. The specified processing method is the closest analogue and can be adopted as a prototype of the method for oscillating rolling of cylindrical surfaces.

Signs of an analogue that coincide with the essential features of the claimed device are the rotational movement of the workpiece around its axis, the longitudinal feed of the tool parallel to the axis of the workpiece, the feed of the tool in a tangent direction relative to the workpiece.

A disadvantage of the known processing method is the impossibility of forming on the part surface a regular microrelief in the form of intersecting waves of a given amplitude and pitch, as well as their changes during operation.

The task of the invention is to improve the operational characteristics of the treated surface by the formation of regular microreliefs while maintaining the main advantages of the method of surface plastic deformation.

The technical result consists in improving the quality of the processed surface by implementing a processing method that provides the possibility of the formation on the surface of parts of regular, controlled, analytically calculated microreliefs.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the method of surface plastic deformation of bodies of revolution, in which the workpiece is rotationally rotated about its own longitudinal axis, and the tool applying pressure to the surface of the workpiece is informed of the longitudinal feed, according to the invention, the tool deformation element is a plate with a lateral working surface rounding, while the tool is additionally informed of the oscillatory reciprocating motion in n direction perpendicular to the workpiece axis in a vertical plane tangent to the workpiece surface.

Figure 1 presents the processing scheme of the proposed method for surface plastic deformation of the workpiece-shaft, 1 - plate, 2 - workpiece; figure 2 - scan of mutually located grooves on the machined surface depending on the values of {i}.

As can be seen from the processing scheme (Fig. 1), the parameters of the regime that determine the kinematics of the process and all the parameters of the regular microrelief are: rotation speed of the workpiece (n _s ), supply of the deforming element (s), oscillation frequency of the deforming element (n _dvx ) and the amplitude of the oscillations of the deforming element (e). The essence of managing the formation of regular microreliefs is that it is produced by varying the ratio of the speeds of the workpiece and the deforming element.

Volumetric characteristics and positioning of microfeatures depend on the ratio n _dv.h / n _s = i = [i] + { i}, where [i] - integer part of i, a {i} - fractional part of the number i. The integer part of the numerical value [i] shows how many times the wavelength λ is laid on the circumference of the workpiece, and the fractional {i} is the displacement of the grooves relative to each other at each subsequent revolution.

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;

;

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— скорость резания;

– диаметр заготовки;Т – период осцилляции деформирующего элемента. ТогдаWhere

- cutting speed;

Is the diameter of the workpiece; T is the oscillation period of the deforming element. Then

мм

mm

канавки располагаются по схеме Фиг.2, в). (переплетаются).Figure 2 shows a diagram of the relative positioning of the grooves depending on the values of {i}. When {i} is equal to zero (i is an integer), there is no displacement of the grooves (Fig. 2, a). If {i} = 0.5, the grooves are shifted at each subsequent revolution of the workpiece by half the wavelength l. (Fig.2, b)). At

grooves are arranged according to the scheme of Figure 2, c). (intertwined).

The modes and parameters of surface plastic deformation based on the oscillating movement of the working tool correspond to the modes during rolling by ball, roller and diamond smoothing. So, the profile radius (radius of rounding) of the tool r is 2.5-5 mm, the pressing force of the tool P during processing is 50-300 N, the workpiece rotation speed n _{s is} 100-1000 min ^-1 , the oscillation amplitude is 0.5-10 mm, feed S 0.05-0.30 mm / rev, frequency of double strokes of the tool n _dv.kh. = 100-500 dv.kh. / min.

The execution of the tool in the form of a plate ensures uniform wear of the working surface of the deforming tool along its length. This increases its service life, since not one local area is exposed to wear, but a chain of successive zones. The stable position of the contact zone during the running-in process increases the stabilization and accuracy of the processing process.

Oscillation of an instrument with amplitude e and frequency n _dvx in the vertical direction causes the contact spot to oscillate in the horizontal direction with the same frequency n _dvx but with amplitude a = e⋅tgα. The presence of angle α and the possibility of its regulation extends the technological capabilities of the process. With the same amplitude of the tool oscillation, it is possible to obtain different amplitudes of the contact spot between the part and the tool, and it is possible to obtain large values of the amplitude a = e⋅tgα at a larger angle α.

Claims (1)

A method of surface plastic deformation of bodies of revolution, comprising communicating to the workpiece rotational motion about its own longitudinal axis and communicating to the tool with a deforming element exerting pressure on the surface of the workpiece, a longitudinal feed, characterized in that the deforming element of the tool is made in the form of a plate with a lateral working surface of rounding, while the instrument is additionally informed of the oscillatory reciprocating movement in the direction perpend angles to the axis of the workpiece in a vertical plane tangent to the workpiece surface.

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