RU2653532C2 - Polarized electromagnet - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in design of polarized relays, contactors and switches. Switching the object from the main power source to another object of the backup power supply takes place without a pause, which helps to avoid an emergency situation. Additional armature is placed in the polarized electromagnet and located between two magnetic circuits on the additional axis and kinematically connected to two traverses through pins located at the opposite end of the additional armature. Through oval slots are located on the traverses for possible alternate closing and opening of each of these magnetic circuits. There is a solution free from the traverse by the size of the gap that controls caving of both the closing and opening main contacts.

EFFECT: technical result is providing simultaneously closed state of all main contacts, both closing and opening, at the moment of switching for a short period of time.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to electrical apparatuses, and can be used in the design of polarized relays, contactors and switches.

Known polarized electromagnets with a parallel magnetic circuit, in which, in the absence of current in the winding, two oppositely directed forces act on the armature created by branching magnetic fluxes of permanent magnets. When a current flows through the winding, a working stream arises in the magnetic system, passing sequentially through the working gaps. At the same time, with the corresponding polarity of the voltage applied to the winding, in some working gaps these flows are added, and in others they are subtracted. At a certain value of the magnetic flux, the armature switches to another position (1. Roizen, V.Z. Electromagnetic small-sized relays / V.Z. Roizen. - M .: Energoizdat, 1986. 2. Gordon AF, Polarized electromagnets / A. F. Gordon, A.G. Slivinskaya. - M.: Energy, 1964) [1].

The closest to the claimed solution on the technical nature and the achieved result is a polarized electromagnet according to the patent for invention No. 2397567, published on 08.20.2010 [2], containing a magnetic circuit made in the form of two rods parallel to each other, on which windings and pole terminals are placed between which there are permanent magnets with the direction of the magnetization axes from one rod to another, as well as two rotary type anchors installed in the supporting part. In this device, both working anchors have a common magnetic system, and when power is applied to the winding, one of the anchors opens the magnetic system, and the other closes. When switching anchors from open to closed and vice versa, some of the contacts located on the traverse are closed, and others are opened.

The design of the electromagnet according to patent No. 2397567 does not allow to have simultaneously closed and open state of contacts at the moment of operation. To solve this problem, it is necessary to additionally introduce two switching products, a time relay, a capacitor and other elements to ensure the contact opening process, which will increase the size of the device by about 3 times.

Overlapping of the closing and opening contacts can be achieved by adjusting these contacts to different depths of failure even on the same traverse, but this design has increased dimensions, high cost and low reliability due to wear of the contacts during switching and spontaneous leaving of the dimensions of the solutions and gaps that control failure during operation and storage.

The technical result is to provide a simultaneously closed state of all the main contacts, both closed and open at the time of switching the polarized electromagnet for a short period of time.

Additional technical result:

1) a decrease in overall dimensions (about 3 times);

2) cost reduction (about 2 times);

3) increased wear resistance of contacts (2 times);

4) high speed (0.03 s).

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that an additional armature is inserted into the well-known polarized electromagnet located between two magnetic cores on the additional axis and is kinematically connected to two traverses through pins located on the opposite end of the additional armature and through oval slots located on the traverses, for possible alternating closure and opening of each of the mentioned magnetic cores and, having a solution free from traverse, by the size of the gap controlling the failure of the NO and NC main contacts.

A polarized electromagnet, made according to the proposed magnetic system, provides the possibility of closed standing of all contacts at the time of switching for a short period of time.

The condition for the possession of such functionality as overlap between make and break contacts is that the contact groups are located on different traverses (make contacts are located on one traverse, and break contacts on the other traverse).

The essential features for achieving a technical result:

a) the electromagnet has two independent magnetic systems with their traverses, equal or unequal depending on the number of contacts;

b) in the interval between the two magnetic systems there is an additional armature on the additional axis, connected to each of the traverse of the electromagnet and which in turn interacts first with the magnetic system of make contacts and then with the magnetic system of make contacts.

In this case, an additional anchor has a free passage, during the passage of which it does not interact with any of the traverses, due to the fact that its free movement is approximately equal to the gap controlling the failure of the contact group contacts and the course of this anchor is greater than the movement of other anchors by the same value.

In order for the polarized electromagnet to provide operation of the closing and opening contacts with overlapping, it is necessary that the traverse of the closing contacts have a stroke in comparison with the other traverse, which is ahead of it by the size of the gap controlling the failure in the contact system.

Approximately at the moment of the beginning of the closure of the make contacts, the opening traverse starts to move. In this regard, at the same time that the closing contacts are closed from the beginning to the end and the opening contacts are opened, the process of simultaneously closed state of the contacts occurs.

For this, an additional anchor is introduced in the indicated magnetic system, which divides the magnetic system with the traverse into two parts (equal or unequal). The course of the additional anchor compared to the other two main anchors is greater by the size of the gap controlling the failure in the contacts of the contact group.

An additional anchor is connected to two traverses through pins located in the through oval slots of the traverse. The slots in each traverse are no less than the gap controlling the failure in the main contacts.

Voltage is supplied simultaneously to the windings of both magnetic systems through closed auxiliary contacts of the magnetic system, in which the main contacts operate to open.

Due to the fact that the process of starting and actuation of the anchors of electromagnets directly depends on the parameters of the magnetic system and the adjustment of the contact system, in real products, the overlap time between the making and breaking contacts will be less than the smaller failure of the contacts involved in switching.

To increase the contact overlap time to the limit of the possible size and reliability of the product, a switching contact is introduced, driven by an additional armature.

Due to this, the power supply of the windings of the right and left electromagnets is carried out alternately - after the operation of the closing contacts of the electromagnet, after which the switching contact turns on the power of the winding of the electromagnet of the NC contact.

Thus, before starting to open the contacts, their state will be in a closed state.

The accompanying drawings show the proposed electromagnet.

In FIG. 1 (top view) shows a diagram of a polarized electromagnet with the distribution of magnetic fluxes from both permanent magnets and electromagnets; where a is the open state of the additional armature; b - open state of the main anchor; a 'is the closed state of the main anchor; b 'is the closed state of the additional anchor; in FIG. 2 (front view) shows a general view of an electromagnet with an additional armature 8 mounted on an axis 9 and through-through oval slots 11 and 11 'on traverses 10 and 10'; in FIG. 3 (front view) shows a general view of the electromagnets 3 and 3 'with a switching contact 14, which includes alternately powering the first and second electromagnets using an additional armature 8.

The polarized electromagnet (Fig. 1-2) contains a magnetic circuit made of rods 1, 1 'and 2, 2' parallel to each other, windings 3 and 3 'located on the rods; permanent magnets 4 and 4 ', located between the pole pieces and having a direction of magnetization from one rod to another; two main anchors 5 and 5 'of a rotary type, located opposite the corresponding pairs of pole pieces; supporting parts 6 and 6 'for fixing the rods 1 and 1' installed in the nodes of rotation of the anchors 5 and 5 ', rotating on the axes 7 and 7'; additional anchor 8 on the axis 9; traverses 10 and 10 'with slots 11 and 11', connected to the additional armature 8 with the help of pins 12, 12 ', and contacts 13 and 13'.

Polarized electromagnet (Fig. 3), where L is the working air gap for an additional armature; L ₁ - working air gap for the main anchor; contains a switching contact 14 associated with an additional armature 8.

Thus, the course of the additional armature L in comparison with the course of the other two main anchors L _{1 is} greater by the size of the gap Z, controlling the failure, of the main contacts (Fig. 3). In FIG. Figure 3 shows the gap 3, which controls the failure for both make and break contact.

Mathematically, this can be expressed as the following simple formula:

L = L ₁ + 3

The proposed polarized electromagnet operates as follows.

In the initial position, when there is no power, the additional armature 8 is closed to one of any pairs of pole pieces “b”, on the opposite side the main armature of this pair of cores “a” is open. However, the contact 13 ', driven by this armature, is open.

On this half of the magnetic system "b" "(Fig. 1-2), the entire flux of a permanent magnet is closed through an additional armature 8.

At the same time, the entire flux of the second permanent magnet on the other half of the magnetic system "a '" (Fig. 1) is closed through the second main armature 5 closed to other pairs of cores, however, the contacts on the crossarm of this armature are in a closed state (Fig. 2) .

While supplying power to the coils 3 and 3 'of the working excited magnetic fluxes F F _p and _p' are closed in the following ways:

1) Ф _р - through cores 1, 1 ', anchor 5 and additional anchor 8;

2) Ф _р '- through cores 2, 2', anchor 5 'and additional anchor 8.

Moreover, the magnetic fluxes Ф _п , Ф _п 'of the permanent magnets 4, 4' and the working magnetic fluxes Ф _р , Ф _р 'of the windings 3 and 3' in the gaps "a" and "b" are added, and in the gaps "a '" and “B” are deductible. This leads to the transfer of anchors 5, 5 ', 8 to a new stable position.

When the windings 3 and 3 'are de-energized, the armature 5 is open, and the armature 5' is closed; the armature 5 'and the additional armature 8 are held in new positions by magnetic fluxes Φ _p ' and Φ _{p of} permanent magnets 4 'and 4.

Anchor 5 is held in a new stable position by means of pins 12 and 12 ', located at anchor 8.

To return the anchors to their original position, the voltage across the windings 3 and 3 'is reversed.

The proposed polarized electromagnet, due to the claimed constructive solution, which allows for simultaneously closed and open state of the contacts at the time of switching an additional armature. At the same time, it has small dimensions, low cost, increased wear resistance with high speed.

Information sources

1. Royzen V.Z. Small-sized electromagnetic relays / V.Z. Royzen. - M .: Energoizdat, 1986; Gordon A.F. Polarized Electromagnets / A.F. Gordon, A.G. Slivinskaya. - M.: Energy, 1964.

2. Patent SU No. 2397567 dated 08/20/2010, Bull. Number 23.

Claims (1)

A polarized electromagnet contains magnetic cores made in the form of two rods parallel to each other with pole tips, a traverse, windings located on these rods, a rotary type armature, consisting of two parts, permanent magnets placed between the pole tips and having the direction of the magnetization axes from one rod to another, characterized in that an additional armature is inserted, located between two magnetic cores on an additional axis, and kinematically connected to two traverses through pins located on the opposite end of the additional armature and through oval slots located on the cross beams for possible alternating closure and opening of each of the mentioned magnetic cores, and a solution free of traverse, by the amount of the gap controlling the failure of both closing and opening main contacts.

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