RU2646040C1 - Differential with automatic wheel lock - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to differentials with automatic wheel locking, including worms with spiral teeth axes of which are parallel. Differential contains two semiaxes and a device for transferring rotation from housing to semiaxes installed in closed housing from ends of caps. Transmission device is made in form of two screw augers installed on semi-axes with right and left screw grooves cooperating with body and lids by means of closed chains of balls. In this case, the outer end of each screw is equipped with all-helical sprocket fixed to it, the teeth of which are bent towards the screw, forming a curved surface between the teeth, proportional to the length of the ball diameter, and under which in each of the lids a groove is made, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the screw.

EFFECT: increase in the durability of the device is achieved.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely to differential self-braking gears, including worms with spiral teeth, the axes of which are parallel, and can be used in the automotive industry as differentials with automatic wheel locking to drive to drive axles and wheels of vehicles.

A known differential with automatic locking of the wheels, providing a uniform distribution of torque on the driving axles and wheels of the vehicle in two parallel streams, regardless of the coupling conditions of the driving wheels with the road, selected by the applicant as a prototype, is the closest to the achieved result to the claimed technical solution, containing two half shafts and a rotation transmission device from the chassis to the half shafts, made of two coaxially arranged and connected in parallel planetary mechanisms (patent 2156902 from 03.30.99, F16H 48/06).

The disadvantages of the prototype include the complexity of the differential design and its lack of reliability.

The known differential described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 38871 in class. F16H 48/20 and application 09.03.2004, publ. 07/10/2004, and selected as a prototype.

The known differential with automatic wheel lock contains two axles mounted in the drive housing and a rotational transmission device from the housing to the axles, made in the form of two screws mounted on the axles with right and left helical grooves interacting with the housing by means of closed chains of balls arranged to move in interconnected longitudinal grooves and return channels made in the housing.

At the same time, the number of chains of balls in contact with the screws is at least three.

The chains of balls can be closed for each pair: the longitudinal groove and return channel or all longitudinal grooves and return channels are interconnected to form a single closed chain of balls.

A disadvantage of the known differential is its short life, due to the following.

When the limited-slip differential is used with screw screws and balls, the ball and drive screw (screw screw) in the cover groove are not smoothly engaged (“biting”), accompanied by characteristic clicks. This leads to the destruction of screw screws, cover grooves, housing channels, balls and the failure of the differential as a whole.

The objective is to increase the durability of the device

The problem is solved in that in a differential with automatic wheel lock, containing two axles mounted in a drive housing closed from the ends of the covers, and a rotation transmission device from the housing to the axles, made in the form of two helical screws installed on the axles with right and left helical grooves interacting with the housing and covers by means of closed chains of balls arranged to move in working and return channels and hemispherical grooves made in the housing of the screws connecting these channels, according to the invention, the outer end of each screw auger is provided with a helical sprocket fixed to it, the teeth of which are bent towards the screw with the formation between the teeth of a portion of a curved surface commensurate in length with the diameter of the ball and under which each of the covers is made a groove whose diameter is larger than the diameter of a screw screw.

The presence on each of the outer ends of the screw screws of a permanently attached helical sprocket, the teeth of which are bent towards the screw screw with the formation between the teeth of a section of a curved surface commensurate in length with the diameter of the ball and under which a groove is made in each of the covers, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the screw auger, it ensures the "catching" of the sprocket of balls in the grooves of the caps with their teeth bent to the screw augers and their direction into the working channels. This design eliminates the destruction of screw screws, cover grooves, housing channels and balls.

The claimed differential has a novelty in comparison with the prototype, differing from it by such significant features as the presence on the outer end of each of the screw augers of a one-piece helical sprocket attached to it with teeth bent towards the screw auger with the formation between the teeth of a portion of a curved surface commensurate in length with the diameter of the ball, and the implementation in each of the lids of the grooves, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the screw auger, which together provide the desired result.

The applicant is not aware of technical solutions that have the indicated distinguishing features that together provide the claimed result, therefore, he believes that the claimed differential meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The claimed differential can find wide application in the automotive industry, and therefore meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The inventive differential with automatic locking of the wheels comprises two axles mounted in a drive housing closed from the ends of the caps and a rotational transmission device from the housing to the axles. The transmission device is made in the form of two screw screws mounted on the half shafts with right and left screw grooves interacting with the housing and covers by means of closed ball chains arranged to move in the working and return channels made in the housing and in the hemispherical grooves of the covers connecting these channels. In this case, the outer end of each screw auger is equipped with a helical sprocket fixed to it, the teeth of which are bent towards the screw auger to form a curved surface portion between the teeth, commensurate in length with the diameter of the ball, and under which a groove is made in each of the covers, the diameter of which larger than the diameter of the screw auger.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where shown in:

- FIG. 1 - general view of the differential assembly;

- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the differential;

- FIG. 3 - general view of the differential case;

- FIG. 4 - view of the left differential cover;

- FIG. 5 is a view of a right differential cover;

- FIG. 6 is a view of a screw screw from the outer end.

A more detailed description of the differential design is given below.

The inventive differential with automatic locking of the wheels (Fig. 1 - Fig. 6) contains a drive housing 1, closed at the ends of the left cover 2 with a flange and a right cover 3.

In the covers 2 and 3 holes are made under the axles 4 and 5. In the central part of the housing 1 there is an opening in which the rotational transmission device 6 is located from the housing 1 to the axles 4 and 5. The transmission device 6 is made in the form of two axles 4 and 5 screw screws 7 and 8 with slotted holes 9 and 10 in them under the axle shafts 4 and 5 and with right and left screw grooves 11 and 12 on the side surfaces. At the same time, the right screw auger 8 is a mirror version of the left auger 7. Multiple helical grooves 12 and 11 of the augers 7 and 8 have a right and left direction, respectively. The helical grooves 11 and 12 are multi-start and have a hemispherical shape for the movement of the balls 13. On the end surfaces of the housing 1, cylindrical working channels 14 and return channels 15 for the flows of the movement of the balls 13 are arranged in pairs. The grooves 11 and 12 interact with the lead housing 1 and the covers 2 and 3, in which hemispherical grooves 16 are made, by means of closed chains of balls 13 arranged to move in working channels 14 and return channels 15 made in the housing and in hemispherical grooves 16 of the roof ek 2 and 3, these connecting channels. The number of screw approaches of the screws 7 and 8 is equal to the number of grooves 16 of the covers 2 and 3 and the number of pairs of working channels 14 and return channels 15 of the housing 1. The outer end of each of the screw screws 7 and 8 on top of the channels 14 and 15 is equipped with an integral helical tooth an asterisk 17 and 18, the teeth 19 of which are bent towards the screw screws 7 and 8 with the formation between the teeth 19 of a portion 20 of a curved surface, commensurate in length with the diameter of the ball 13. Under the asterisks 17 and 18, a groove 21 is made in each of the covers 2 and 3, 22, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the vi tovogo auger 7 or 8.

The differential is used as follows.

Volosnikov’s differential with automatic wheel lock (Volosnikov’s self-locking differential, abbreviated as “DAV”) is a type of helical differential designed to provide traction for the wheels of the drive axles, in which one of the wheels of the drive axles slides with the bearing surface. It can be installed as both an interwheel differential and an axle differential.

The redistribution of torque in the SA between the wheels and axles of the car is achieved due to friction between the elements of the differential.

The differential in question is capable of transmitting most of the torque (up to 80%) to the non-skid wheel and non-skid axle.

The differential is set instead of the standard conical differential with satellites without additional alterations.

The flange of the left differential cover 2 is bolted to the driven gear of the main gear of the vehicle’s drive axle (not shown in the drawings).

The left and right screw screws 7 and 8 are connected by splines with the axles 4 and 5 of the left and right wheels, respectively.

In the case of a rectilinear movement of the car, when the clutch coefficients of the driving wheels are equal and the load on them is the same, the differential distributes the moments in equal proportions.

But with a decrease in the adhesion force of one of the wheels and the first signs of slipping, the friction forces arising between the parts of the mechanism prevent this wheel from spinning (stalling) and transmit an additional moment to the non-skid wheel. Friction forces occur between the screw screws 7 and 8 and the balls 13, between the balls 12 and the channels 14 and 15 of the housing 1, between the balls 13 and the grooves 16 in the caps 2 and 3.

When you turn the car on a wheel moving along the inner radius, the resistance increases. There is a redistribution of torque in the differential, the balls 13 together with the screw screws 7 and 8 come into motion and the wheels rotate at different speeds, without interfering with the maneuver.

Bent to the side of the screw screws 7 and 8, the teeth 19 of the oblique sprockets 17 and 18 provide the "capture" of the balls 13 in the hemispherical grooves 16 of the covers 2 and 3 and their direction into the working channels 14. This design eliminates the destruction of the screw screws 7 and 8, the grooves of 16 covers 2 and 3, working channels 14 and return channels 15 of the housing 1 and the balls 13 themselves.

In comparison with the prototype of the claimed differential has a longer service life.

Claims (1)

A differential with automatic wheel lock, comprising two axles mounted in a drive housing closed from the ends of the covers and a rotation transmission device from the housing to the axles, made in the form of two screw screws mounted on the axles with right and left screw grooves interacting with the housing and covers by means of closed chains balls arranged to move in the working and return channels made in the housing and in the hemispherical grooves of the caps connecting these channels, characterized I mean that the outer end of each screw auger is equipped with a helical sprocket that is permanently attached to it, the teeth of which are bent towards the screw auger to form a curved surface portion between the teeth, commensurate in length with the diameter of the ball and under which a groove is made in each of the covers, diameter which is larger than the diameter of the screw auger.

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