RU2640612C2 - Method of strengthening stone vaulted floorings of building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: strengthening the vaulted flooring consists in changing the vault geometry by means of lifting it to the calculated working position by means of moving apart with the jack in the crown area. First the vault is unloaded from the overlying floor structures, telescopic racks serving as temporary supports are installed in the lower vault part. Thereinafter cross-sectional cuts are made on the boundaries of the areas located. In the crown area, openings are made in which the jacks are mounted, by means of which the left and right parts of the vault are moved apart relative to each other and, accordingly, the vault is lifted. After lifting the vault to the required height, wedges are installed in open cracks formed in the crown area, and the jacks are removed. The openings and the cracks are filled with concrete, after arranging a formwork in the lower vault part. After the concrete has gained strength, the formwork and the telescopic racks are dismantled.

EFFECT: increasing the process work efficiency while strengthening the vault.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The method of reinforcing stone vaulted floors of a building relates to the field of construction and can be used to strengthen, reconstruct and dismantle stone vaulted floors of buildings.

There is a way to strengthen the floors of buildings with load-bearing beams supported on walls, and self-supporting or non-bearing arches. This method is performed by means of reinforced concrete reinforcing elements placed on both sides of the beam and connected to it by means of stops installed on the lower edge of the beam. The working reinforcement of the reinforced concrete element is made prestressed in the form of truss ties, fixed at the ends on the outer surface of the walls with the possibility of voltage regulation. Holes were made in the thickness of the arch for the passage of rod anchors equipped with tensioning devices and grips. In this case, the working reinforcement is connected via sliding ties with rod anchors or with stops and anchors (IPC patent E04G 23/00 RF N 2036290, 1995).

Also known is a method of reinforcing stone vaulted ceilings of a building during their flattening, sagging and wave-like deformation, which consists in changing the geometry of the arch by lifting it to the calculated working position by means of retractable formwork. This method involves performing cross-sectional cuts along the boundaries of the laid out sections into which the segments of the sliding beam of the sliding formwork are installed, while the segments are pivotally connected in the lower part with the possibility of rotation in a vertical plane relative to each other and interconnected by flexible cables in the upper part, under each a section in the area of the toes of the arch sets supports having sliding supporting platforms on which the split beam is supported, after installing two or more beams between them ivayut planking, the ends of the split beams interconnected by a cable, which is set in the middle of the traction jack through which produce a decrease span length and thus lifting roof (patent IPC E04G 23/02 RU N 2471943 C2, 2011).

The disadvantage of this method is that the method is characterized by the complexity of installing a steel segmented beam, as well as high material consumption, which affects the cost of the work. Also, this method is applicable only for cylindrical vaulted ceilings.

The prototype of the invention for changing the geometry of the arch or its "extrusion" to the top to the calculated working position, is the use of retractable formwork - the so-called umbrella. Under pressure from below, the masonry elements are moved apart, forming temporarily completely uncompressed masonry sections held on the formwork. Next, uniform caulking is performed with a solution of open joints and cracks, and the formwork is removed (Restoration of architectural monuments: Textbook for universities / S.S. Podyapolsky, G. B. Bessonov, L. A. Belyaev, T. M. Postnikova. / Under General editorship of S.S. Podyapolsky. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1988 .-- 264. p .: ill.).

The disadvantage of this method is the uneven application of load during the initial work on lifting the umbrella. The load, first of all, is applied to the husk, and when it reaches a significant rise, it passes to the heels of the arch. Such an initially uneven application of the load on the arch leads to the separation of the elementary arch of the arch in the region of the husk into two consoles emerging from the walls. The strength of such consoles due to the “monolithic” structure of the masonry can lead to their separation from the walls of the building, while forming longitudinal cracks on the lower surface of the arch in the heel area. Based on this, it can be assumed that this method of “extrusion” to the top to the calculated working position using sliding formwork is appropriate for plastic masonry (weak mortar, barren) and in the absence of any load on the arch. Also, one of the disadvantages is the fact that this method should be applied to the entire arch as a whole, irrespective of the existing flat areas, while the arch should not have transverse thickenings of masonry, such as ribs or herds. The umbrella can be assembled directly in the room, which increases the time for construction and installation work, while there are inconveniences of parallel work. This umbrella can be applied only once, after completion of work it is completely disassembled.

The proposed method is aimed at improving the efficiency of technological work to strengthen the stone vaulted floors of the building during their flattening or sagging.

The result is achieved in that in the method of reinforcing stone vaulted ceilings of a building when they are flat or sagging, consisting in changing the geometry of the arch by lifting it to the calculated working position by sliding the jack in the area of the crack, according to the invention, the arch is unloaded from the overlying floor structures, installed in the lower part telescopic racks, acting as temporary supports, perform through transverse cuts along the boundaries of the laid sections, arrange a hole in the area of the crack In the plan, having a square outline, the masonry seams on the upper surface of the arch are cleared of mortar and debris, jacks are mounted in the holes, by means of which the left and right parts of the arch are moved apart from each other and, accordingly, the arch is lifted, wedges are set after raising the arch to the required height into the open cracks formed in the area of the crack and remove the jacks, openings and cracks are filled with concrete, having previously arranged the formwork in the lower part of the arch, after the concrete formwork has set strength and telescopic racks dismantled.

The result is also achieved by the fact that the rise to the calculated working position of the stone vaulted ceiling can be done in sections, while there is no need for a general rise of the arch.

The result is also achieved by the fact that in the process of lifting the arch, it is necessary to synchronize the work of the jack and telescopic racks, which will ensure a stress-strain state of the reinforced structure close to its actual work, as well as increase the safety of work.

The result is also achieved by the fact that the developed method can be used to restore the bearing capacity of spatial stone spacer systems (cross vaults).

The result is also achieved by the fact that the developed method allows you to save the original appearance of the structure.

The result is also achieved by the fact that the developed method can be used when dismantling the vaulted ceiling.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a vaulted overlap in cross section AA in FIG. 3; FIG. 2 - vaulted overlap in cross section BB in FIG. 3; FIG. 3 is a view A in FIG. one.

The device for changing the geometry of the stone vaulted floor of the building includes a jack 1 installed in the hole 2, the arch 3 is supported by telescopic racks 4, on which wooden beams are installed 5. To ensure the conditions of independent lifting of the arch, it is separated from the jaw walls by 6 longitudinal through sections 7. Also, cuts 7 make it possible to divide the arch into working zones 8. After the arch is lifted into the cracks 9, the wedges 10 are driven in and the jacks 1 are dismantled. The holes 2 and the cracks 9 formed fill the concrete om 11. The Code should take the correct curvature 12.

Strengthening the overlap is as follows.

In the case of flattening the stone vaulted ceiling along the entire length, through transverse sections 7 are made in the area of the jaw walls 6. In the case of the flattening of separate zones of the stone vaulted ceiling, this laid-out area 8 is separated from the rest of the arch of the correct curvature 12 by the through cross-section of the arch along the borders of the laid section . Thus, the method allows the rise to the calculated working position of the stone vaulted floors in sections. From below, the arch 3 is supported by telescopic racks 4, on which the wooden beams 5 are supported. In the area of the arch 3, a through hole 2 is made. A jack 1 is mounted in the hole in a horizontal position. The seams in the masonry on the upper surface of the vault 3 are cleared. When the jack 1 presses on the masonry elements of the arch 3, the parts of the arch move apart, and the length of the opening 2 increases, as a result of which the height of the arch 3 begins to increase and the arch 3 tends to take the correct curvature 12. When lifting in the crack area, longitudinal cracks are formed 9. Spacer the arch into slits is perceived only by jack 1. When lifting the arch 3, the telescopic racks are constantly adjusted 4. When the arch 3 reaches the required lifting height, the resulting distance between the two parts of the arch fix comfort by driving in wedges crack 9 10. Jacks 1 dismantled and produce a uniform solution disclosed Crimping joints and cracks in masonry vault, as well as filled with concrete 11 hole 2. When reaching the strength of the injectable solution 11 and the lower concrete telescopic strut 4 and the beams 5 disassembled.

Claims (4)

1. A method of reinforcing stone vaulted ceilings of a building during their flattening or sagging, which consists in changing the geometry of the arch by lifting it to the calculated working position by sliding it with a jack in the area of the crack, characterized in that the arch is unloaded from the overlying floor structures, installed in the lower part of the arch racks that perform the role of temporary supports, through the boundaries of the laid sections carry out transverse cross-sections, in the area of the slit arrange holes in the plan having a square drawing, masonry seams on the upper surface of the arch are cleared of mortar and debris, jacks are mounted in the holes, by means of which the left and right parts of the arch are moved apart relative to each other and, accordingly, the arch is lifted, after raising the arch to the required height, wedges are installed in the open cracks formed in areas of cracking, and remove the jacks, openings and cracks are filled with concrete, having previously arranged the formwork in the lower part of the arch, after curing, the formwork and telescopic racks are dismantled ayut. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that in the process of lifting the arch control over the support of the vaulted ceiling on telescopic racks installed under the vaulted ceiling. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the developed method can be used to restore the bearing capacity of spatial stone spacer systems (cross vaults). 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the developed method allows you to save the original appearance of the structure.

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