RU2624736C2 - Radar station circular view "resonance" - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: radar station (RS) contains a sectoral antenna of a circular view that includes four sector antennas of a meter electromagnetic wave band installed along the perimeter of a regular polygon centred on the control and processing cabinets of radar signals, as well as a digital communication and data transmission radio station and a ground-based radio interrogator "friend or foe". The means, which are part of the radar of the circular survey, have been implemented in a certain way and are interrelated among themselves.

EFFECT: increasing the productivity while increasing the range.

10 cl, 11 dwg

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to surveillance radars (radar), specifically to a radar all-round survey with stationary antennas and can be used as a dual-purpose radar for the detection and recognition of airborne objects (AT) in airspace control systems of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and air traffic control (ATC) )

State of the art

Panoramic panoramic radar stations / 1 / are known that use a uniformly rotating antenna that makes circular motion about a vertical axis and irradiates at a given moment a narrow zone of space in the form of a dihedral angle with a vertically located edge, i.e. a narrow zone in azimuth around the antenna. This allows you to determine the azimuth of the detected aircraft, and also determines the radial distance to these aircraft, which together allows you to determine the horizontal position of the aircraft. In this case, the images of the aircraft are visualized on the round screen of an indicator such as a television screen in the form of luminous dots, the location of which corresponds to the horizontal position of the aircraft.

Radar stations for viewing / 2 / airspace are also known, in which a mosaic antenna with many phase-shifting devices is additionally used for analyzing space by elevation, in which phase shift is instantaneously and arbitrarily controlled in order to instantly change the direction of radiation.

The disadvantage of these two types of radar stations with mechanically moving antennas is the increased energy costs for rotating the antennas and unproductive expenditure of radiation energy sent in non-important and not requiring control of angular directions.

In addition, such radar stations (radars) are very expensive to operate, which limits their use only at the largest airports.

These shortcomings were eliminated in the surveillance radars / 3, 4 / with a stationary all-round antenna and electronic scanning of airspace with a narrow beam in the azimuthal and elevation plane.

Known radar circular viewing / 3, 4 / with a stationary antenna, contain a lattice of emitting and receiving elements with electronic scanning of space, lined up with vertical columns on antenna mounts, distributed uniformly along the ring or along the sides of a regular polygon (triangle, square, etc.) .

The frequency of operation of the radar antenna radar / 3 / is in the X-band of electromagnetic waves (EMW) with changes in the range of ± 75 MHz relative to the selected center frequency.

Its overview antenna contains a lattice of antenna elements (transceiver vibrators) mounted on the upper side of the tower tower antenna support and built on it with vertical columns on the sides of a regular triangle.

In this case, the antenna vibrators through phase shifters are connected to high-frequency circulators, the inputs of which are connected to the output of a broadband probe pulse generator, and the outputs to a multichannel radio receiver with a digital output. The control inputs of the phase shifters, as well as the signal outputs of a multi-channel radio receiver, are connected to the corresponding outputs and inputs of a digital device for processing received signals and controlling the scanning of space with a needle beam in the azimuthal plane in the range of angles 0 ... 360 ° and in the elevation plane 0 ... ^- 45 ° relative to the horizontal plane at the height of the support tower. The directional diagram in elevation is a petal of the type of inverse square cosecant, that is, tangent to the horizontal plane, which allows for the identification of aircraft in the air and on the ground.

The control inputs and information outputs of the digital device for processing received signals and space scanning control are connected to the workstation of the station operator.

The first disadvantage of the well-known surveillance radar / 3 / with a stationary antenna of the electronic circular surveillance of airspace is the reduced detection range of subtle BOs made using Stealth technology and radar absorbing coatings to reduce their reflectivity.

The second disadvantage of the known surveillance radar / 3 /, which reduces the detection range of VO, is the increased absorption and scattering of electromagnetic waves (EMW) in the used X-band EMW.

The third disadvantage of the known surveillance radar / 3 / is the reduced performance of the space survey due to the duplex (reception or transmission) mode of operation of the vibrators of its antenna system.

A fourth disadvantage of the known surveillance radar / 3 / is the reduced reliability associated with the presence of a huge number of circulators and phase shifters of limited reliability used in its surveillance antenna.

The indicated shortcomings of the surveillance radar / 3 / with the stationary antenna of the electronic all-round visibility complicate the early detection and recognition of civilian and military HEs for the timely adoption of appropriate management decisions by air traffic control.

Known methods and means / 4 ... 9 / early detection and recognition of civilian and military objects based on the resonance effect.

The resonance effect (Fig. 1) is to increase the reflectivity of the VO when its geometric dimensions "L" are commensurate with the length "λ" of the radio wave of the probe signal (ZS). With the appropriate (λ = 2L) selection of the carrier frequency of the radar surveillance radar, it is possible to significantly / 4 ... 9 / increase the effective reflecting surface of the VO, and the size and type of the detected VO can be judged by the resonance frequency and the amplitude-frequency spectrum of the reflected radar.

According to / 9 /, the essence of the resonant detection of subtle BOs consists in sequentially performing the following operations:

1. Packs of radio pulses of duration τ _and with a repetition period T _and are formed sequentially, and the number of radio pulses in each packet is N (to use the fast Fourier transform, the number is chosen equal to 2S, where S = 8, 9, 10), the carrier frequency of the radio pulses of the first packet is set equal to 150 MHz (λ = 2 m), and the carrier frequency of each subsequent next burst is increased by Δf = 10 MHz, the carrier frequency of the radio pulses is tuned until it reaches 6 GHz (λ _k = 5 cm).

2. They amplify the generated radio pulses by power and sequentially radiate them into space using the radar antenna system.

3. Consistently receive the reflected signals using the radar antenna system, digitize them using an analog-to-digital converter, and record the amplitudes of the received reflected signals of each repetition period into RAM (RAM), and the sampling period of the analog-to-digital conversion is selected as 10 -30 times shorter duration of the probing signal τ _and .

4. The entire set of digitized reflected signals recorded in RAM within each repetition period is divided into consecutive, intersecting, but disjoint and equal in length range gates, number range gates within each repetition period from 1 to M, and the duration of the gates is chosen equal to the duration sounding radio pulse τ _and .

5. All recorded reflected signals are detected using a digital phase detector to obtain quadrature components of the reflected signals, i.e. the received digitized reflected signals are converted into a complex form.

6. Within each m-th range gate, coordinated processing of the digitized received signals is carried out by convolution with the digitized complex conjugate probing radio pulse of the same repetition period.

7. The peak of the response of the reflections in each range gate is determined by the criterion of the maximum of its amplitude and the values of the response peaks of each m-th repetition period of each k-th burst of radio pulses are recorded in complex form.

8. For each k-th of K bursts of radio pulses, digital arrays of reflection response peaks of the same range gates number m are generated and for each k-th burst of radio pulses M arrays with N elements in each array are obtained.

9. Conduct the operation of the Fourier transform (fast Fourier transform) with the elements of each array of response peaks and obtain, for each array, the corresponding spectral array in which the VO spectral response is generated when the VO is actually located in the corresponding range gate (if in the mth range gate was in, then in the corresponding m-th spectral array arises its spectral component - the spectral response).

10. The spectral responses of the reflected signals in each spectral array are compared with a predetermined threshold value (level), and if the threshold is exceeded, the frequency of the corresponding spectral response of the m-th array of the k-th burst of radio pulses, which is taken as the Doppler frequency of the corresponding VO, is fixed in RAM and at the same time decide on the detection of an appropriate range of HE.

11. If the threshold is exceeded by the spectral response of the m-th array according to the results of the reflection analysis of all bursts of radio pulses, the detected VO is considered to be a typical VO with EPR of the order of square meters, and if the threshold is exceeded only on one of the probe frequencies (only in the spectral array of one separate bursts of radio pulses) change the further radiation regime to the radiation regime of similar bursts with a single carrier resonant frequency fp equal to the carrier frequency of the burst, from the reflections of which a single (not repeating Esja for other packets) excess spectral response threshold.

12. In strict accordance with the operations described above, spectral arrays of reflections are generated and analyzed for packs of radio pulses emitted at the frequency fp, and in case of coincidence of the fact that the threshold is exceeded in three consecutive m-arrays (coincidence in range), as well as the coincidence of these frequencies , exceeding the threshold of spectral responses, decide on the detection of an imperceptible VO at the appropriate range.

13. The radial velocity of the detected VO when analyzing reflections of the kth packet of radio pulses is calculated from the Doppler frequency Fd of the corresponding spectral response that exceeded the threshold using the formula Vr = Fdλ _k / 2, where λ _k is the wavelength of the probe signal in the kth packet of radio pulses.

In the experiment / 9 / of the resonance detection of an Orlan-3 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the frequency varied from 300 MHz (λ = 1 m) to 3 GHz (λ = 10 cm). The experiment was repeated 3 times. EPR measurements are shown in FIG. 2. It can be seen from them that, with an average EPR value of the order of σ _cf ≈0.03 m ² under resonance conditions, the EPR value reaches 0.16 m ² , which is 5 times more than the average EPR σ _cf. Resonance occurs at a frequency of the order of 2780 MHz, which corresponds to a wavelength of λ _p ≈ 10.8 cm. This means that the size of the Orlan-3 reflecting UAV at zero heading angle is approximately 5.4 cm. The characteristics formed in different experiments coincide. / 9 /, indicates the reliability and stability of the obtained experimental results.

As follows from the description / 9 /, due to the limited (f _min ≤150 MHz, λ≤2 m) lower boundary of the CS carrier frequency, the known resonant method is suitable for detecting only small-sized (L≤1 m) HE, namely unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).

In addition, the tuning of the carrier frequency ЗС / 9 / with a step Δf = 10 MHz in the indicated range of {150 MHz (λ _k = 2 m) - 6 GHz (λ _k = 5 cm)} leads to an unlimited number of frequency iterations. The consequence of this is the increased detection time of the HE and its possible exit from the radar detection zone.

As shown by experiments (Fig. 3) of the Applicant of the present invention, these disadvantages of the known resonant method can be eliminated by increasing the corresponding radar wavelength and the optimal choice of a limited number of carrier frequencies.

In the limit (Fig. 3) for the detection of aerodynamic and ballistic HE, two carrier frequencies of the meter range of the EMW with the corresponding deviation of the carrier frequency are sufficient, for example, according to the linear law.

However, this requires solving a number of technical problems related to electromagnetic compatibility and operational tuning in frequency and angular direction from radio stations and other sources of regular and irregular radio interference operating in the meter range of resonant frequencies (Fig. 3) of VO frequencies.

In addition, in the meter EMF range, the dimensions of the radar surveillance antenna increase sharply, requiring solving the problems of alignment and stabilization of the antenna parameters, increasing their resistance to wind loads and to seasonal movement of soils.

Survey radars with stationary all-round antennas that combine the bandwidth advantages of the surveillance radar / 3 / and the advantages of resonant methods and early detection of airborne objects / 5 ... 9 / in the long-wave range of electromagnetic waves have not been identified.

The objective of the invention is to increase the performance of servicing the flow of airborne objects (AT) and increase the range of their detection, including hyper-speed, small and subtle aerodynamic and ballistic HE, made using Stealth-technology to reduce their radar visibility.

The technical result, which provides a solution to the problem, is the creation of an previously unknown automated all-round radar with a stationary antenna of the meter EMW band, which uses a resonant method for detecting and recognizing HE with parallel and independent processing of resonant echo signals from aerodynamic and ballistic to increase the performance and simultaneously increase the range of the radar VO in each range review cycle.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The achievement of the claimed technical result and the solution of the problem is ensured by the fact that the radar station (radar) of the circular review contains a stationary circular antenna (SAKO) of the meter range of EMW, including sector transmit-receive antennas oriented along the sides of the regular polygon and connected by sounding and resonant signals echo signals with a hardware cabin for controlling and processing radar signals, the inputs / outputs of which are connected by interface lines of the cable ide with a radio station of digital communication and data transmission and a terrestrial radio "friend or foe".

Moreover, each sector transceiver antenna contains a transmitting antenna-feeder device (AFU) with a multi-channel generator of sounding signals (ZS), a receiving elevated AFU of resonant echo signals and a receiving azimuthal AFU of resonant echo signals.

In the optimal embodiment, SAKO includes four stationary sectional antennas mounted on the sides of the square and made with independent electronic scanning of the air space for reception and transmission and frequency deviation in the frequency region of the VO resonance.

The SAKO antennas for resonant echo signals and radio interference signals are connected directly to a common hardware cabin for controlling and processing radar signals, and for probing signals (ZS) they are connected to the cabin through a multi-channel generator of sounding signals.

The choice in the SAKO meter range of EMW allows to significantly increase the effective scattering surface (EPR). EPR VO in the meter range is greater than in the centimeter and decimeter ranges of EMW. The increase in the average value of the target’s effective surface with an increase in the wavelength is explained by the appearance of resonance reflection from the target elements (Fig. 1), the dimensions of which “L” are comparable with the wavelength “λ” (L = λ / 2). The applicant experimentally established that in the meter range of EPR of small-sized HEs is not less than 10 times more than in the centimeter range of EMW. To this end, the range of deviation of the operating frequencies of the radar circular viewing selected close to the resonant (Fig. 3) frequencies VO.

In this case, in the selected range of electromagnetic waves, the problem of absorption and scattering of electromagnetic waves is simultaneously solved. This is explained by the fact that in the meter EMW range the intensity of reflections from hydrometeors (clouds, fog, rain, etc.) is lower. This is explained by the nature of the dependence of the EPR of the droplets (rain, fog) on the wavelength. At d / λ << 1, the EPR of droplets and their combination in the meter range is negligible.

In addition, in the meter range, the characteristic of the secondary radiation of the aircraft is less indented, and therefore, there is less fluctuation in the reflected signals than in the centimeter range. Therefore, the probability of detecting airborne objects (Robn) within the boundaries of the detection zone of a meter radar is less dependent on range and the wiring of airborne objects is more stable.

The selection of identical antenna patterns in azimuth and elevation angle in SAKO, simultaneous scanning of the antenna patterns in time and space, the spacing of their operating frequencies by sector and the duration of the probe pulses provide an operational circular view of the airspace by stationary separate antennas for reception and transmission. This provides high characteristics of the viewing time and the rate of updating information at the required values of resolution and accuracy of coordinate measurement.

In addition, due to the exclusion of electromechanical scanning devices in SAKO, the speed of the airspace survey increases. The absence of circulators and phase shifters with limited reliability for controlling transceiver DNs further increases the reliability of the SAKO and radar radar with stationary antennas.

In addition, the use of fixed and separate antennas for reception and transmission increases the reliability of SAKO while reducing the degree of complexity of its technical implementation and cost.

On the whole, the indicated technical advantages of the proposed radar all-round radar allow us to solve the problem of increasing the detection range of aerodynamic and ballistic HEs made using the Stealth technology to reduce their radar visibility in the conditions of a massive HE raid and increased interference conditions.

Link to drawings

The invention is illustrated by the drawings presented in FIG. 1 ... 10 and photograph - in FIG. eleven.

In FIG. 1 shows the dependence of the amplitude “U” of the reflected high-frequency signal on the diameter “D” of the area object; in FIG. 2 - dependence of the EPR (σ) of the Orlan-3 UAV at zero heading angle on the frequency of the probing signal; in FIG. 3 the dependence of the resonant values of the EPR (ares) of typical HE, including strategic (SA) and tactical (TA) aircraft, cruise missiles (CR) and warheads (warheads) of ballistic missiles (BR), on the radar wavelength; in FIG. 4 - an example of the appearance of the radar circular survey brand "Resonance-N", "Resonance-NE" with a stationary antenna meter meter range EMV; in FIG. 5 - functional diagram of the radar "Resonance-N", "Resonance-NE" in terms of its location on the ground; in FIG. 6 is a functional diagram of a hardware control and signal processing cabin; in FIG. 7 is a functional diagram of a multi-channel generator of high-frequency sounding signals (ZS); in FIG. 8 - design of a two-polarized emitter of a transmitting antenna-feeder device based on two crosswise mounted log-periodic vibrator antennas (LIVA) with mutual orthogonal polarization and at an angle of 45 ° to the horizon; in FIG. 9 - the design of the cross-shaped vibrator of the receiving AFU based on two Nadenenko dipoles located perpendicular to each other and at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal plane; in FIG. 10 is a drawing explaining the principle of sensing airspace with two probing signals of resonant frequencies of large and short duration for detecting ballistic and aerodynamic HE, respectively; in FIG. 11 is a screen shot of the radar’s all-round view with marks of resonant reflections from the VO, their coordinates relative to the location of the radar and with the display of the radar operating modes and the parameters of the probing signals in a table form.

In FIG. 1 ... 11 are indicated:

A, B, C, D - responsibility sectors of the stationary circular viewing antenna (SAKO);

1 - sector radar antenna;

1.1 - transmitting AFU;

1.2 - receiving elevated AFU;

1.3 - receiving azimuthal AFU;

1.4 - block log-periodic vibrator antennas (LPVA) transmitting AFU 1.1;

1.4.1, 1.4.2 - the first and second LPVA of block 1.4;

1.5 - cruciform vibrator Nadenenko receiving AFU;

2 - hardware control and signal processing cabin;

2.1 - block multi-channel radios;

2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4 - a multichannel radio receiver of resonant VO signals and interference from sectors A, B, C, D, respectively;

2.2 - a block of devices for digital signal processing (DSP) and measuring the coordinates of HE;

2.3 - communication unit;

2.4 - block forming requests and processing signals "friend or foe";

2.5 - automated workstation (AWS) of the radar operator;

2.6 - remote workstation.

2.1 - coaxial cable for transmitting short and long sounding signals (ES) at an intermediate frequency;

2.8 - multicore cable for transmitting digital signals for controlling the width of the probe beam;

3 - Multichannel generator of high-frequency sounding signals (ZS);

3.1 - block frequency conversion of the AP and radio beam control;

3.2, 3.3 - the first and second multichannel amplifier with a fixed and adjustable phase of the AP, respectively;

4 - a radio station for digital communication and data transmission;

5 - ground radio interrogator (NRZ).

Description of the design of the radar all-round vision in static

Structurally, the all-round radar contains a sector-wide all-round antenna (SAKO), including four sector antennas 1 with an overview of the airspace in each of the sectors A, B, C, D in the range of angles of at least 90 ° in azimuth and from 1.5 ° to 80 ° in elevation.

Each sector antenna 1 contains a transmitting antenna-feeder device (AFU) 1.1, a receiving elevated AFU 1.2, a receiving azimuthal AFU 1.3.

The transmitting AFU 1.1 of each sector antenna 1 is intended for sequential sounding of its sector i∈ {A ... D} of responsibility (at least 90 ° in azimuth and from 1.5 to 80 ° in elevation relative to the horizon) with a narrow fan (ε = 6 ... 8 °, β = 12 ... 14 °) and wide (ε = 6 ... 8 °, β = 90 °) radio beams with corresponding EMF packs of large and short duration (Fig. 10) with frequencies in the resonance range (Fig. 3) relevant VO.

So for the detection of hyper (super) high-speed cruise missiles (CR) and warheads (warheads) of ballistic missiles (BR) at maximum range, a narrow radio beam with increased duration (Fig. 10) of radio emission and frequency f ₁ ⁱ , i∈ {A ... D} and its linear deviation, which is in the range of resonant frequencies (Fig. 3) of detection of the indicated VO.

The most important criterion for detecting less high-speed HE, for example, tactical (TA) and strategic (SA) aircraft, is the radar resolution and throughput at the minimum allowable range and in the widest possible viewing area.

Under these conditions, a wide radio beam with a lower energy density of energy and a shorter duration of radio emission required for resonant detection of VO in the near field can be used.

At the same time, the field of view of space in the near zone is expanded and, as a result, the time of detection of HE is sharply reduced and the throughput of the radar increases.

The use of the short duration of radio emission required for the resonant detection of HE in the near field with a frequency f ₂ ⁱ , i∈ {A ... D} and its linear deviation in the range of resonant frequencies (Fig. 3) of detecting aircraft HE significantly increases the radar resolution proportionally reduction (Fig. 10) of the duration of the probe radiation. An additional increase in radar resolution is provided further in the radar algorithmically by frequency compression of the received linearly modulated response signals.

Each AFU 1.1 SAKO is a radiating antenna array consisting of 6 to 10 blocks 1.4 of log-periodic vibrator antennas (LIVA), mounted on the outer (in the direction of view) side of the antenna tower 1.5 of the tower type. According to FIG. 8, each LIVA block 1.4 contains two crosswise mounted LIVA 1.4.1 and 1.4.2, powered from the corresponding channels of the power amplification cabinets 3.2 and 3.3 of the ES of a multi-channel 3 high-frequency ES generator of the corresponding viewing sector A ... D.

The inputs of the cabinets 3.2 and 3.3 of amplification of the AP through the unit 3.1 of frequency conversion of the AP and control of the beam width are connected by the corresponding cables 2.8 and 2.9 to the outputs of the hardware cabin 2 of the control and signal processing, respectively, according to the signals of the master oscillator (two-frequency long and short pulses of the AP at the intermediate frequency) and signals the current control of the phase shift of the carrier frequency between the ES generation channels that determine the width of the radio beam (in each long-range sensing period).

The signal inputs of the cab 2 are connected to the outputs of the receiving AFU 1.2 and 1.3 sector antennas 1 sectors A ... D of the airspace survey.

Receiving AFUs 1.2 and 1.3 are designed to receive ES signals reflected from the VO together with interference.

Carbon receiving AFU 1.2 of each sector antenna 1 is made with a vertical opening of the antenna sheet and with the possibility of simultaneous reception of signals with a fan of shovel-like receiving radiation patterns (PDN) in a sector of at least 90 ° in the azimuthal plane and in the sector of 1.5-80 ° in the elevation plane and in the optimal embodiment, it is a grid of 8 cross-shaped AEs located on one mast.

The azimuthal receiving AFU 1.2 of each sector antenna 1 is made with an azimuthal opening of the antenna sheet and with the possibility of simultaneous reception of signals by fan PDN at least 90 ° in azimuth and from 1.5 ° to 80 ° in elevation. It is, in the best case, an array of 64 cross-shaped antenna elements (AE) 1.5 / Fig. 9 /, placed on 16 masts (4 AE on each mast).

The corresponding aperiodic (passive) reflector (not shown in the figures) is located behind the canvases 1.2 and 1.3.

Each cross-shaped AE 1.5 AFU 1.2 and 1.3 represents two Nadienenko’s 1.5.1 and 1.5.2 dipoles (Fig. 9) located perpendicular to each other and at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal plane.

For the operational erection of antennas 1 and maintaining the stability of the electrical parameters of the AFU 1.1 ... 1.3, their antenna supports are made resistant to wind loads and seasonal movement of soils such as antenna supports "Resonance" / 10 / - on metal grillages and screw piles.

Antenna elements 1.5 of the receiving AFU 1.2 and 1.3 of all sector antennas 1 are electrically connected to the corresponding multichannel receivers of the hardware cabin 2 for control and signal processing.

The hardware cabin 2 contains interconnected interface line: block 2.1 sector multi-channel radios 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4 for receiving resonant signals BO and interference from the respective receiving antennas 1.2 and 1.3 sectors A, B, C, D, respectively; block 2.2 of devices for digital signal processing (DSP) and measuring the coordinates of HE; block 2.3 preparation of radar data for external users of radar information (RLI); block 2.4 of the formation of requests and signal processing "friend or foe"; automated workstation (AWS) 2.5 radar operator and remote AWS 2.6.

Each radio receiver 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4 of block 2.1 contains two multichannel superheterodyne radio receivers of 64 channels, respectively, for receiving and processing long and short resonant echo signals from ballistic and aircraft HE, and also contains a panoramic radio receiver with frequency synthesizer to search for angular directions and frequencies that are free from interference for the choice in the range of resonant frequencies (Fig. 3) of the next sounding frequency of airspace and the reception of response resonant signals. To eliminate mutual interference in these blocks, their operating frequencies of the processed signals are set. To exclude the possibility of suppressing the operation of the receiving channels by probing and interfering signals, the amplifiers of superheterodyne receivers 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4 of block 2.1 are made logarithmic.

The structural feature of block 2.1 is also the availability of hardware and software (not shown in the figures) that provides the search, storage and update of the permissible sounding frequencies (more than 500 frequency channels of the CC with a step of 1 kHz), free of radio interference, and - angular directions of reception, free from radio interference, in increments of 6-8 ° in each sector of the SAKO (at least 90 ° in azimuth and from 1.5 to 80 ° in elevation relative to the horizon).

Another design feature of block 2.1 is the presence of hardware and software that ensures the formation at the intermediate frequency of two successive ZS (long ZS-1 and short ZS-2 pulses) shifted between each other in frequency, in the width of the radio beam and in time (Fig. 10) in each period (T _p ) review range.

The outputs of multichannel radios 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4 of block 2.1 for echo and interference signals that have passed amplification, frequency and spatial filtering, as well as threshold processing for the detection of HE and interference sources are connected to the inputs of the block 2.2 devices for digital signal processing (DSP) and measurement of coordinates.

Block 2.2 is made of a modular design on programmable logic integrated circuits (FPGAs) with reprogrammable memory and contains connected by interface lines of communication: a central processor (server) for managing and transmitting data; master (DSP 1) and slave (DSP 2) digital signal processing unit at frequencies f ₁ ⁱ , f ₂ , ^i, respectively, for each i-th sector of the panoramic view, i = {1 ... 4}; synchronizer and input-output device for communication with AWP 2.5, AWP 2.6, as well as with external consumers (3, 4, 5) of the calculated data.

The server of block 2.2 is designed for: receiving information from the leading DSP blocks, processing and issuing it for display on the display of AWP 2.5 and AWP 2.6 of the radar operator; automatic control of radar operating modes; search for redundant channels free from interference; monitoring the functioning of radar equipment; display and registration of information; interaction with NRZ 5 and the ATC center.

The server of block 2.2 is made according to the standard scheme of an industrial electronic computer on two non-shell computers of the Core i7 series and two expanders - mezzanines of the 4 × 1 Gbit Ethernet and 4 × RS422 series with a block of reprogrammable Gard and Flesh memory.

A design feature of digital block 2.2 is the supply of each of its TsOS-1 and TsOS-2 blocks with two analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) of the DR-16 type, connected at the input to the outputs of multi-channel radios 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1 .4, to generate a stream of digitized current instantaneous values of radio signals in real time for their secondary processing in the server of block 2.2 and digital beamforming (DPSF) on the VO in DSP blocks. The DSPN hardware-software apparatus is built into the DSP computing units and is configured to generate the value of the total vector of the received signal in each lobe of the DSPD fan, calculate its maximum value and register the angular direction at the maximum value of the total vector of the received signal. The DPSF algorithm is based on the principle of evaluating the coherence of the echo signals received by each AE 1.5 (Fig. 9) of the receiving AFUs 1.2 and 1.3. The data of the DPSF from the narrow petals of the DN AFU 1.2 and 1.3 with their further correlation processing in the server allow us to determine the azimuth, elevation angle and height of the HE, conduct trajectory processing of the HE motion to determine the direction and speed of its movement in the current radar time scale.

Based on information signals and control signals for airspace survey modes, block 2.2 is connected to AWP 2.5 and AWP 2.6 of the radar operator. According to the output parameters of the radar data (number of aircraft, their type, range, azimuth, speed and flight altitude), device 2.2 is connected via the radar data preparation unit 2.3 and digital communication station 4 to external radar users, including the air traffic control center. According to the interrogation and response signals “friend or foe”, block 2.2 is connected via block 2.4 to the state recognition radio receiver (NRH) 5. NRZ 5 is made on the basis of the secondary radar type "Lira VM-A" / 11 /. In addition to the main task of state identification, the NRZ 5 data is intended for adjusting the height meters of block 2.2 according to the barometric flight altitude of the identified HE, as well as the meters (block 2.2) of the HE spatial coordinates according to the navigation equipment of the recognized HE.

For stability and stability of communication, NRZ 5 and the antenna of station 4 are installed on the antenna supports of the Resonance tower structure.

The outputs of block 2.2 in frequency 2.7 of the next sounding of the airspace and the current signals 2.8 control the width of the probing radio beams in the azimuthal plane are connected to the inputs of the multi-channel generator 3 high-frequency sounding signals (ZS) of the corresponding sectors of the circular view. To reduce mutual interference and quoted errors, each generator 3 is installed in the immediate vicinity of the transmitting AFU 1.1 of each sector antenna 1 and is connected at the intermediate frequencies of the AP to the equipment cabin 2 by coaxial communication lines of equal length.

Description of the work of radar all-round visibility in dynamics

Radar circular survey "Resonance N", "Resonance-NE" works as follows.

The radar operator (through the AWP 2.5 of the control cabin 2 or remotely from the remote AWP 2.6) or the air traffic control officer on duty through the digital communication and data transmission radio station 4 includes power to the functional elements of the 2 ... 5 radar from the network or from the diesel generator. When the radar parameters enter the operating mode, the cabin 2 server, upon command from the corresponding AWP, or automatically switches to the "functional control" mode. At the same time, high-frequency alignment signals (not shown in the figures) automatically check the operability of sector antennas 1 and other functional elements of the radar according to the corresponding testing programs. After the positive results of the functional monitoring of the radar, the operator selects the required mode and the corresponding airspace review program on the digital device server 2.2 on the workstation. At the same time, the server, according to a given review program, forms a set of commands for controlling the functional elements of 1 ... 5 radar. At the same time, according to the server’s commands, the block of the hardware cabin 2 generates (Fig. 10) at an intermediate frequency low-power sounding signals (ZS) with parameters depending on the radar operating mode set by the operator AWP 2.5. Moreover, at each tact of sounding the airspace, two ES are formed with different duration, frequency and modulation. At the same time, the unit 2.2 of the hardware cabin 2 generates control signals (CS) with the direction of radiation and the width of the short and long radio pulses of the radiator.

The generated signals ZS and SU on the corresponding cables 2.7 and 2.8 come from the cab 2 in the corresponding sector of the review of the multi-channel generator 3 high-frequency ZS. In this case, the module 3.1 of the generator 3 transfers the low-power short and long GLs of the corresponding intermediate frequencies to the high working frequencies of the radio emission, further enhances them, divides them into two groups of channels according to the number of channels in each group corresponding to two types of polarization and the number of corresponding antenna elements 1.4.1 and 1.4.2 block 1.4 log-periodic vibrator antennas (LIVA) transmitting AFU 1.1. Further, according to the GC signals, phase shifts are introduced into the current, for example, long SC signals of one of the polarizations to form a narrow radio beam and the transmission of two CS groups to two cabinets 3.2 and 3.3 of multi-channel amplifiers with a phase shift of 180 ° for long SCs. In the amplifier channels of cabinets 3.2 and 3.3, high-frequency ES are amplified and transmitted via feeder channels to the corresponding LPVA 1.4.1 and 1.4.2 of all blocks 1.4 of the transmitting AFU 1.1.

Transmitting AFU 1.1 of all or 2.5 AWPs allocated to AWS sequentially with the range of viewing speed (Fig. 10) probes its sector of responsibility i∈ {A ... D} with dimensions of at least 90 ° in azimuth and from 1.5 to 80 ° in angle places relative to the horizon) with a fan of narrow (ε = 6 ... 8 °, β = 12 ... 14 °) and wide (ε = 6 ... 8 °, β = 90 °) radio beams with corresponding EME bursts of large and short duration with frequencies in the range frequencies (Fig. 3) resonance corresponding VO.

To reduce the noise level in the pause between the ES on the interval of the period of the radar repetition in the viewing range after the end of the emission of long and short radio pulses, the radiation channels are blocked by corresponding blanking gates (Fig. 10).

Reflected from the VO high-frequency ES in the form of resonant echo signals (Fig. 1), together with interference, are received by the antenna canvases of the elevated AFU 1.2 and azimuthal AFU 1.3. These receiving AFU provides the reception of radio signals in the sector of at least 90 ° in the azimuthal plane and in the sector of 1.5-80 ° in the elevation plane in the range (Fig. 3) allocated for the resonant detection of aircraft ballistic HE.

Received elevated AFU 1.2 RF signals are fed to 8 channels of horizontal reception (GP) and 8 channels of vertical reception (VP), and signals from azimuthal AFU 1.3 to 16 channels of a narrow radiation pattern (UDN) and 16 channels of a wide radiation pattern (SDN) of the corresponding unit 2.1 sector multi-channel radios. In the receivers 2.1.1 ... 2.1.4 of block 2.1, the received signals are amplified, their frequency selected, and the received signals are distributed into half-sets of channels with a narrow radiation pattern (UDN) and a wide radiation pattern (WDN) for joint processing of data in azimuth and height (16 UDN, 8 GP, 8 VP or 16 SDN, 8 GP, 8 VP). Further, the received high-frequency (HF) signals as a result of triple superheterodyne conversion are transferred from high frequency to intermediate operating frequencies. From the output of the receivers 2.1.1 ... 2.1.4 of block 2.1, the signals at the intermediate frequency are fed to block 2.2 of the digital signal processing devices of the DSP. Signals are issued on 2 × 32 lines (from each half-set: 16 - azimuth, 16 - height) simultaneously to two DSP master and slave devices. In DSP devices, received intermediate frequency signals are converted to digital form. Further, in DSP devices, according to a given program for the primary processing of digital signals, the range of digital signals is compressed by correlation processing, signals from azimuth and elevation directions are compressed by digital beamforming (DPS), the radial velocity of HE is determined by the method of coherent accumulation, and passive interference is rejected ( RPP) and threshold signal processing for detecting marks from VO.

From the output of the DSP blocks, digital information about the VO marks is sent to the server of block 2. The server of block 2, according to the specified program for the secondary processing of digital information, performs trajectory processing of VO signals that have passed the threshold processing and generate radar data packets. At the same time, the server, through block 2.4, interacts with NRZ 4 by generating interrogation signals for identifying and correcting RLD data by comparing the measured parameters and the response data of the VO board.

Further, the corrected RLD packages are transmitted to AWP 2.5 to visually display the radar situation on the all-round screen. At the same time, these RLDs are transmitted through the communication unit 2.3 and the digital communication and data radio station 4 to the air traffic control center for use.

The invention is not limited to the above example of its implementation.

In the framework of this invention, other options for its design. So the stationary circular viewing antenna can be made triangular, pentagonal or hexagonal with the corresponding sizes of its sectors, providing a circular view of the airspace. NRZ 5 and a radio station can be made in the ground version, and their connected antennas - on a common mast.

Industrial applicability

The invention is developed at the level of a prototype. Its industrial development and deliveries to the RF Ministry of Defense (“Resonance-N”) and for export under the brand name “Resonance-NE” are being prepared.

Information sources

1. Radar all-round view. RU 2522982, 09/18/2012.

2. Short-pulse radar with electronic scanning in two planes and with high-precision measurement of coordinates and speed of objects. RU 2546999, 04.04.2014.

3. Airport ground-based radar station and radar installation. RU 94016388, 05.27.1996.

4. Fixed antenna for radar all-round visibility and tracking. RU 2389111, 05/10/2010.

5. Theoretical foundations of radar. / Ed. POISON. Shirman. - M .: Owls. radio, 1970, p. 276.

6. Nebabin V.G., Sergeev V.V. Methods and techniques of radar recognition. - M .: Radio and communications, 1984, p. 79, fig. 3-21.

7. Radar device for the recognition of air targets. RU 2095823, 10.11.1997.

8. Structure resonant radar detection apparatus and method. US 4897660, 1986.01.14.

9. RU 2534217. Radar method for detecting stealth unmanned aerial vehicles. 11/27/2014.

10 Antenna support for the receiving phased antenna array of the Resonance radar. CJSC NIC RESONANCE. RU 154296, 07.23.2015.

11. The track radar complex "Lira. - T", RU 34759, 12/10/2003.

12. RADICAL identification system. RU 49284, 10.11.2005.

Claims (10)

1. Radar circular viewing, characterized in that it contains a stationary circular viewing antenna (SAKO) meter wavelength range of electromagnetic waves (EMW), including sector transceiver antennas oriented along the sides of the regular polygon, made with independent electronic scanning of the airspace to receive and transmission, with a frequency deviation in the region of resonance frequencies of airborne objects (BO), and connected by resonant echo signals and radio interference signals with signal inputs to the control room for the control and processing of radar signals directly, and for sounding signals (ZS) to the control room through a multi-channel sounding signal generator, the control and information inputs / outputs of the control room are connected by cable interface lines to a digital communication and data transmission radio station and a terrestrial radio transmitter “Friend or foe”, and each sector transceiver antenna contains transmitting antenna-feeder antenna installed in one line on mast antenna supports e device (AFU), receiving elevated AFU of resonant echo signals and receiving azimuthal AFU of resonant echo signals. 2. The radar station according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmitting AFU of each sector antenna is a radiating antenna array with a vertical aperture of the antenna sheet, configured to simultaneously probe the space with a fan of spade-shaped radio beams in a sector of at least 90 ° in the azimuthal plane and in the sector 1.5-80 ° in the elevation plane and containing blocks of log-periodic vibrator antennas (LPAA) mounted vertically on the outer side of one common mast, each block of LPAA contains two crosswise mounted LPVA, powered from the corresponding channels of the multi-channel generator of high-frequency sounding signals (ZS). 3. The radar station according to claim 2, characterized in that the multi-channel generator of high-frequency ES is configured to generate, in each probe, the sensing of long and short resonant echo signals at the resonance frequencies of ballistic and aircraft HE, respectively. 4. The radar station according to claim 1, characterized in that the elevation receiving AFU of each sector antenna is made with a vertical opening of the antenna sheet and with the possibility of simultaneous reception of signals by a fan of shovel-like receiving radiation patterns (PDN) in a sector of at least 90 ° in the azimuth plane and in sector of 1.5-80 ° in the elevation plane and is a lattice of cross-shaped AE, placed vertically on one mast. 5. The radar station according to claim 1, characterized in that the azimuthal receiving AFU of each sector antenna is made with the azimuthal opening of the antenna sheet from cross-shaped antenna elements (AE), placed in horizontal rows on masts installed in one line, and each cross-shaped AE is two Nadenenko dipoles located perpendicular to each other and at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal plane. 6. The radar station according to claim 1, characterized in that the hardware cabin contains interconnected by an interface communication line sector multichannel radio receivers for receiving resonant VO signals and interference from corresponding receiving sector antennas, a block of digital signal processing devices (DSP) and coordinate measurement VO, a unit for preparing radar data for external users of radar information (RLI), a unit for generating requests and processing signals "friend or foe", stationary automated e workstation (AWS) and a remote operator workstation. 7. The radar station according to claim 6, characterized in that each sector radio receiver contains two blocks of multi-channel superheterodyne radio receivers for receiving and processing long and short resonant echo signals from ballistic and aircraft HE, and also contains a panoramic radio receiver with a frequency synthesizer connected via the signal input with the outputs of the receiving AFUs, and the signal output with the block of DSP devices, and the amplifiers of the superheterodyne receivers are made logarithmic. 8. The radar station according to claim 6, characterized in that the DSP unit block is modular in design with programmable logic integrated circuits (FPGA) with reprogrammable memory and contains a control and data transmission server connected by interface lines, a DSP master and slave device, and a digital unit processing signals at frequencies f ₁ ^i, ₂ f ^i, respectively for each i-th sector circular scan, i = {1 ... 4}, synchronizer and input-output device for communication with the workstation, as well as - with external users and calculation GOVERNMENTAL. 9. The radar station according to claim 8, characterized in that each DSP master and slave device is equipped with two DR-16 analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) connected at the input to the outputs of the respective multichannel radios, and at the output stream of digitized current instantaneous values radio signals - through the radar data preparation unit (RLD) with the control server, secondary processing of the RLD and data transmission, and the RLD preparation unit is equipped with a software device for digital charting vlennosti (TSFDN) based on the assessment of the coherence of the echo signals received by each receiving AE AFU forming the total value of the vector of the received signal in each lobe fan TSFDN, calculating its maximum value and recording the angular direction BO on the maximum value of the total vector of the received signal. 10. The radar station according to claim 9, characterized in that the control server, secondary processing of the RLD and data transmission is made according to the scheme of an industrial electronic computer on two non-shell computers of the Core i7 series and two expanders - mezzanines of the 4 × 1 Gbit Ethernet and 4 series × RS422 with a block of reprogrammable Gard and Flesh memory.

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