RU2615428C1 - Machine for laser-arc welding of parts - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: machine for laser-arc welding of parts contains a base with a kinematic system of the welding unit movement with an optical laser head and torch installed on the base, as well as the equipment for installing and driving the welded parts. The welding unit is equipped with a device for edge cleaning before welding. The device for cleaning the edges and the torch are mounted to ensure movement and fixation in the predetermined position on the upper and lower half-rings respectively attached to the welding unit. The equipment for installing and driving the welded parts is designed as spindle heads, on the spindles of which part adjusting and fastening devices are mounted.

EFFECT: improved quality of welded joints and expanded device functional capabilities.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to welding equipment, namely to combined (hybrid) laser-arc installations designed for welding parts from heat-resistant steels and chemically active metals in a protective gas environment, and can be used in the rocket and space industry, shipbuilding and other industries.

A known machine for combined laser-arc welding, consisting of a welding head, a laser mounted on a stove, a burner whose axis is inclined at an angle (25-45 °) to the axis of the laser radiation. The axis of laser radiation is directed at an angle of 90 ° to the surface of the part. The gap between the end of the welding wire exiting the torch and the focal spot of laser radiation on the surface of the part is 0-4 mm (see application WO 138038, PCT / AT00 / 00312, 2001).

As a result of the analysis of the design of this machine, it was found that it does not allow welding of joints with a curved welded joint due to the absence of a tracking system for the welded joint in the installation, which significantly limits its functionality.

A known machine for combined laser-arc welding, a distinctive feature of which is that it has a device for optimizing the energy balance, which allows you to control the energy of the laser beam depending on the energy of the welding arc (WO 2006063374 A1). However, this design does not provide a system for preparing welded edges, which significantly reduces the quality of the welded parts and the productivity of the process.

A known machine for laser-arc welding, containing a platform with vertical guides mounted on it, through which the relative positioning of the machine and the item to be welded is carried out using rollers, after which the machine is fixed on the floor with jacks and rigidly attached to the product by upper and lower clamps, for example clamps.

The machine is equipped with a running trolley, providing movement of the carriage mounted on it along vertical guides at working and cruising speed. The carriage, on which the mechanism of transverse vibrations of the welding head and the feed mechanism of the welding wire with the cassette are installed, is equipped with servo drives, which, according to the tracking system for the welded joint, provide lateral movement during the welding of the laser and arc heads along the joint line with constant control of the distance to the surface welded product.

The design of the carriage includes brackets for moving the laser head, welding head and guidance system on the welding joint to ensure quick readjustment of the machine for the vertical welding process from top to bottom, or from bottom to top.

The control system of the machine for laser-arc welding is a distributed computing control system that performs the function of automatic control of all technological components and incorporates a welding joint guidance system containing a triangulation laser scanner mounted on the welding head and providing control over the position and parameters of the welded the joint, as well as maintaining a given distance between the laser and arc welding heads and the weldable rhnostyu, a video surveillance system with a camera attached to a carriage and allows the operator to remotely monitor the progress of the process. The cabinet and control panel included in the machine provide control of all modules of the technological installation (see RF patent for utility model No. 151703, class B23K 9/12, 2015) - the closest analogue.

As a result of the analysis of the design of the known machine, it should be noted that in this design there is no system for cleaning the edges of the welded parts, which increases the complexity of the process due to the need for separate preparation of the edges. There is also no flexible system for moving the welding torch, which complicates the welding process by the need to manually move the torch to the welding site and reduces the quality of the weld.

The technical result of the present invention is the development of an installation for laser-arc welding of parts, providing improved welding quality by preparing the welded edges of the parts, as well as expanding technological capabilities by adjusting the position of the welded parts, welding torch and edge cleaning device.

The specified technical result is ensured by the fact that in the installation for laser-arc welding of parts containing a base with a kinematic system for moving the welding module with an optical laser head and a torch installed on it, as well as equipment for installing and bringing into rotation the parts to be welded, is new, that the welding module is equipped with a device for cleaning edges before welding, a device for cleaning edges and a torch are installed with the possibility of movement and fixing in a predetermined position, respectively but on the upper and lower semicircles mounted on the welding module, the equipment for installing and turning the parts to be welded is made in the form of spindle heads, on the spindles of which devices for installing and fixing parts are installed, the spindle of one of the headstock is equipped with a drive for its rotation, while the spindle the headstock is placed on a table mounted on the base and equipped with lifting mechanisms to move the table to a predetermined position in the vertical direction, and the headstock of the drive spindle has It is possible to adjust the position according to the angle of inclination.

The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by graphic materials on which are presented:

in FIG. 1 - installation for laser-arc welding, general view;

in FIG. 2 - welding module installation;

in FIG. 3 is a General view of the headstock with a mechanism for adjusting its angle;

in FIG. 4 is a section AA in FIG. 3;

in FIG. 5 is a diagram of an edge cleaning device — a scanner.

Installation for laser-arc welding contains a base 1, which is a rigid metal frame mounted on supports. A precision kinematic system 2 of the installation is mounted on the upper part of the frame, which is a metal structure equipped with servos and linear guides. A carriage 4 is installed on the guides 3, which allows you to move the beam 5 fixed on it along the guides along the X axis. The beam 5 allows you to move the carriage 6 fixed on it along this beam along the Y axis. The carriage 6 moves the welding module 7 installed on it up and down Z. Thus, the coordinate system allows you to move the welding module in the longitudinal and vertical directions within the zone of the working chamber.

The installation is equipped with a table 8, designed to install equipment for mounting and rotation of the welded parts, as well as laying on it for welding flat parts (not shown). The table has the ability to move vertically by means of lifting mechanisms 9. This is necessary to provide the ability to adjust the position of the parts in height relative to the position of the focal spot. As lifting mechanisms, standard hydraulic drives can be used. As accessories for fastening and rotating the parts to be welded at a given speed, spindle heads 11 and 12 mounted on the racks 10 mounted on the table can be used, on which devices for installing, attaching and bringing into rotation the parts to be welded are placed (positions are not indicated). As such equipment, standard spindle heads can be used, equipped with elements for fixing parts, for example, chucks, expandable mandrels, etc. The spindle head 11 is driven, that is, its spindle is equipped with a rotation drive.

The drive spindle head 11 has the ability to adjust its angle. This is necessary for machining parts at an angle. The mechanism for adjusting the angle of inclination is made in the form of a worm gear 13 mounted on the headstock 14, the worm 15 of which is connected to the electric motor 16, and the worm wheel 17 is connected to the axis 18, which passes through the rack and on which the inclined headstock housing 19 is fixed. Using a worm gear, the angle of inclination of the headstock body changes.

The installation is equipped with a control system 20, providing control of all modules of the technological installation and control of the parameters of the welding process.

The welding module 7 consists of an arc welding torch 21, a laser head 22, a welding wire feed device and a shielding gas supply system (not shown). The arc welding torch 21 comprises a mouthpiece through which a welding wire (not shown) is supplied and which provides additional energy input and filler wire to the weld pool. The burner is mounted on the lower half ring 23 with the possibility of moving along it relative to the focus point of the laser beam without the need to manually outweigh the burner. This is necessary to simplify the guidance of the welding torch to the welded butt when welding seams in different directions. The optical system of the laser head 22 includes a focusing lens with interchangeable lenses, an output nozzle, a collimator, alignment elements (not shown). To protect the optical elements of the laser head from contaminants generated during the welding process, an optical blowing system with compressed air (not shown) is installed on the optical head, for which a compressor 24 is provided as part of the installation. The installation is also equipped with an exhaust ventilation system for 25 combustion products generated during welding.

The welding module is equipped with a standard arc power source 26 and a fiber ytterbium laser 27 with a cooling system 28.

The welding module is designed to supply laser radiation and arc energy to the welding zone.

The main requirement for obtaining high-quality welds in laser welding is the high accuracy of positioning the position of the welding head, the ability to visualize the position of the focal spot at the welding site, for which the welding module is equipped with a module for positioning and video monitoring of the welding process, which consists of a video camera 29 and an image output monitor 30 installed on the control system 20. The module allows the operator to remotely monitor the welding process, and also simplifies positioning ment of the welding unit relative to the weld area. To direct the movement of the welding module along the butt, as well as to correct deviation of movement in the module, the joint tracking sensor 31 is used, which is a triangulation laser sensor that is mounted on the laser head and corrects the position of the welding module relative to the welded joint, and also adjusts the distance between the welding the module and the welded joint by capturing deviations from the welding location and transmitting data to the control system 20.

The welding module is equipped with a device 32 for cleaning the edges of the parts to be welded, which allows not only to provide the necessary quality of the edges, but also significantly increase productivity by automating the process. The cleaning device can be made in various known ways, for example, in the form of a scanner. The scanner contains a laser emitter collimator, a galvanic scanner, an optical system with a F-theta flat-field power lens (not shown). The scanner is mounted on the upper semicircle 33 of the welding module with the possibility of moving along it relative to the focus point of the laser radiation without the need to manually outweigh the head, thereby allowing the welded edges of the parts to be processed in different directions, reducing labor intensity and increasing the productivity of the welding process.

To control and confirm the output power of the laser radiation, the installation is equipped with a laser power meter (not shown).

Installation works as follows.

Let us consider the operation of the installation using the example of welding parts imitating liquid rocket engines.

At the beginning of the work, the installation is started by launching its control system 20. Next, the cooling system 28, the laser 27, the compressor 24, the arc power supply 26 are turned on (the power button for each of the listed devices is located on its body). The parts to be welded are joined together and secured in the fixture of the spindle headstock 11 and 12, which are mounted on the columns 10 mounted on the table 8. If necessary, the angle of inclination of the headstock 11 is set before fixing the parts. Control of the motor 16 driving the worm gear 13, with the help of which the angle of inclination of the inclined headstock housing 19 is adjusted, is carried out through the control system software. Using lifting mechanisms 9, set table 8 in a predetermined position, exposing the parts to be welded in height.

Through the control system, the welding module 7 is guided to the joint of the parts to be welded by supplying a signal to the servos that drive the carriage 4 and the carriage 6 along the X and Y axes, respectively. Then, the module 7 is height-adjustable by moving along the carriage 6 along the Z axis. The image coming from the video camera 29 to the monitor 30 simplifies the positioning of the welding module relative to the place of welding. Then the welding mode parameters are set. By moving along the half rings 23 and 33, the burner 21 and the scanner 32 are set to a predetermined position. The exhaust ventilation system 25 is turned on, which draws the combustion products released during welding. The laser radiation of the edge cleaning system 32 is turned on, the edges of the parts to be welded are prepared, then the radiation is turned off, the protective gas is supplied, the rotation of the drive spindle of the headstock is turned on, which rotates the parts to be welded, the optical blowing system directing the air flow under pressure generated by the compressor 24, on the optical elements of the laser head 22, the laser radiation of the head, a welding wire and a welding current are supplied through the torch, and laser-arc welding is performed. The video camera 29 displays the image on the monitor 30 of the control system, allowing you to remotely monitor the welding process. The joint tracking sensor 31 corrects the position of the welding module relative to the welding location by detecting deviations from the welding location and transmitting data to the control system. At the end of the welding process, the laser radiation, the supply of welding current and welding wire, the rotation of parts, the supply of protective gas and compressed air are turned off. Turn off the exhaust ventilation system. The welded product is removed from the fixtures of the headstock. The welding process is complete.

The software allows you to configure and save the technological parameters of the task, it controls and self-diagnoses the installation during operation.

The installation is located in a protective technological cabin, which allows to provide the operator with working conditions for the first hazard class of laser radiation (not shown).

The advantages of this installation are the ability to provide high-quality laser-arc welding by treating the welded edges with pulsed laser radiation, as a result of which it is possible to remove oxide films, scale, oil, moisture, high accuracy in positioning the position of the welding head, and the ability to visualize the position of the focal spot at the welding site, deep penetration of the weld. Using the integrated edge cleaning system can significantly reduce the preparation time for welding, which can significantly increase productivity.

Claims (1)

An apparatus for laser-arc welding of parts, comprising a base with a kinematic system for moving the welding module with an optical laser head and a torch installed on it, as well as equipment for installing and rotating the parts to be welded, characterized in that the welding module is equipped with a device for cleaning the edges of the parts before welding them, a device for cleaning the edges and the burner are installed with the ability to move and fix in a predetermined position, respectively, on the upper and lower half rings fixed on welding module, while the equipment for installing and turning the parts to be welded is made in the form of spindle heads, on the spindles of which there are devices for installing and securing parts, the spindle of one of the headstock is equipped with a rotation drive, and the spindle heads are placed on a table mounted on the base and equipped with lifting mechanisms to move the table to a predetermined position in the vertical direction, and the headstock of the drive spindle is made with the possibility of adjusting its angle to the womb.

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