RU2614835C2 - Method of arrangement of semi-steep trench - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method provides arrangement of semi-steep trench by means of hydraulic backhoe excavators and motor transport capable to pass steep slopes. The trench after the rock mass blasting out within its borders is arranged in several stages, by dividing the steep trench into horizontally wedge-shaped layers by the height defined by maximum depth of excavator digging. The slope of the upper layers wedge-shaped parts base is taken as technical, equal to excavator gradeability. The wedge-shaped part base slope of the lower last layer is considered as technical, equal to the steep slope of the trench in the final position. The upper layers contoured in such a way are worked off with the excavator lower digging consistently from top to down. The horizontal part of the lower last layer is worked off with an excavator lower digging. The remaining wedge-shaped part, enclosed between the technical and technological bases of the wedge-shaped layer part, is moved with a bulldozer beyond the trenches, where it is loaded into vehicles and taken to the surface.

EFFECT: invention can improve development efficiency.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining and can be used to open the deep horizons of quarries.

There is a method of forming an inclined transport trench along a blasted rock mass with a mechanical shovel with lower loading in dump trucks (B.C. Khokhryakov. Open-cast mining of mineral deposits. - M .: Nedra, 1991, p. 37).

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of using excavators when driving steep trenches, since according to the technical characteristics for single-bucket crawler excavators, the slope of the working platform allowed during excavation should not exceed 3 degrees, and the longitudinal slope of steeply inclined ramps is from 12 to 15 degrees.

There is also a method of conducting a steep trench, revealing a horizon with a limited area for dump trucks capable of overcoming a steep slope [2].

The method includes conducting a temporary trench at an angle of 5-6 degrees to the opening horizon from the overlying horizon along the loosened rock mass. At the end of this trench, a horizontal platform is formed, which is expanded, triggering the rock mass at first under part of the base of the temporary trench, and form part of the base of the steep trench along its width. In this case, the rock mass is transported along the remaining part of the base of the temporary trench. Then the rock mass is activated under the remaining part of the base of the temporary trench and another part of the base of the steep trench is formed along its width, transporting the rock mass along the already formed part of the base of the steep trench.

However, this method cannot be used when carrying out a steep trench, opening a horizon with a limited area, for dump trucks that can overcome a slope of 12-15 °, since it requires large additional volumes of work and free space associated with preliminary construction and placement of a temporary trench with a slope of 3 °, as well as increased transportation distances of the rock mass during the temporary and then steep trenches. The application of this method is limited to the width of the quarry bottom of at least 100-120 m.

The closest technical solution is the method [3].

The method includes blasting an array of rocks, sinking a temporary inclined trench of increased width with a horizontal platform at its base, mining blasted rock mass with wedge-shaped openings, starting from the bottom, using an excavator, in one half of the inclined trench from the side of the worked out space. In the second half of the trench, the rock mass is transported to the surface, the upper entry is worked out with a bulldozer, the rock is transported to the bottom of the lower entry, and a section of the steeply inclined exit is formed. They work out the second half of the inclined trench in the same way, transporting the rock mass along the already formed section of the steeply inclined congress, reduce the width of the sections of the congress to the design one and form a downhill slope of the steeply inclined congress according to design marks.

The disadvantage of this method is that it can be used with a wide ledge height of 15 meters only with a horizon length of at least 200-250 m.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of field development by conducting a steep trench, opening a horizon with a limited area, with a minimum amount of work for dump trucks capable of overcoming a steep slope, with a complete extraction of minerals in the quarry without additional separation of the sides and transportation of rock from the trench to surface.

This goal is achieved by the fact that a steep inclined trench for vehicles capable of overcoming steep slopes is carried out using a hydraulic excavator such as a backhoe and a motor vehicle capable of overcoming steep slopes. Carrying out the trench after blasting the rock mass within its borders is carried out in several stages, dividing the steep trench into horizontally wedge-shaped layers with a height determined by the maximum digging depth of the excavator, while the slope of the base of the wedge-shaped parts of the upper layers is assumed to be technical, equal to the overcome slope of the excavator, and the slope of the base the wedge-shaped part of the lower (last) layer is technological, equal to the steep slope of the trench in the final position, I work out the upper contours thus formed excavator with lower scooping sequentially from top to bottom, the horizontal part of the lower (last) layer is also worked out by an excavator with lower scooping, and the remaining wedge-shaped part, enclosed between the technical and technological bases of the wedge-shaped part of the layer, is moved with a bulldozer outside the trench, where it is loaded into vehicles and transported to the surface.

The specified set of essential features of the proposed method will reduce the amount of work and time spent on a steep trench, reduce the number of occupied equipment, reduce the distance of transportation of rock mass taken out during a steep inclined trench, reduce the size of the bottom and increase the depth of the quarry without additional separation of the sides.

The method is illustrated graphically, where in FIG. 1 shows the beginning of a steep trench, which consists in mining the upper horizontally wedge-shaped layer using a hydraulic excavator of the type "backhoe" in the means of road transport, capable of overcoming steep slopes. In FIG. 2 shows the position of mining equipment (hydraulic excavator and road transport) when mining the second layer. In FIG. 3 shows the development of the lowest horizontal wedge-shaped layer of a steep inclined trench. FIG. 4 reflects the process of cleaning from the base of the trench the volumes of rock enclosed between planes with technical and technological deviations.

The method is as follows.

Carrying out a steep trench (Fig. 1) begins with blasting the ABVG rock massif, which includes a trench with the adjacent part of the ledge necessary to begin its mining. The trench is carried out using hydraulic excavators of the "backhoe" type 1 and road transport 2, capable of overcoming steep slopes, based on dividing the trench into horizontally wedge-shaped layers 3, 4 and 5, with a height determined by the maximum possible digging depth of the excavator, and their sequential mining from top to bottom. In this case, the slope of the base of the wedge-shaped part 6 of horizontally wedge-shaped layers 3 and 4 is assumed to be technical, equal to the maximum overcome by the slope of the hydraulic excavators of the type “backhoe” when they are moved from place to place, and the slope of the base of the wedge-shaped part of the last (lower) layer is technological, equal to steep the slope of the trench in the final position.

The development of horizontally wedge-shaped layers is carried out by excavators with lower scooping. When working out the upper layer 3 (Fig. 1), the excavator and dump trucks work fully located on a horizontal platform. When mining the following layers 4 and 5 (Fig. 2, 3), the excavator works on a horizontal platform, and the vehicle is partially on a horizontal, partly on an inclined surface corresponding to the technical slope. The horizontal part of the lower (last) layer 5 is also worked out by excavation, and the remaining wedge-shaped part 7 (Fig. 4), enclosed between the technical 6 and technological 8 base, is moved with a bulldozer 9 outside the lower part of the trench, where it is loaded into vehicles and along the trench is taken to the surface 8.

Using the proposed method allows you to create a steeply inclined trench, opening a horizon with a limited area for dump trucks that can overcome a steep slope, for example with an articulated frame, reduce the amount of work and time spent on the trench, reduce the number of occupied equipment, reduce the distance of transportation of rock mass taken out during the trench, reduce the size of the bottom and increase the depth of the quarry without additional separation of the sides.

Information sources

1. Khokhryakov B.C. Open Development of Mineral Deposits: Textbook. for technical schools. - 5th ed. reslave. and add. - M .: Nauka, 1991 .-- 336 p.

2. Patent No. 2376471 of the Russian Federation, IPC E21C 41/26. The method of conducting a steep trench / decl. 04/30/2008; publ. 12/20/2009, Bull. No. 35).

3. Patent No. 2425220 of the Russian Federation, IPC E21C 41/26. The method of forming a steeply inclined congress / decl. 02/10/2010; publ. 12/27/2011, Bull. No. 21).

Claims (1)

A method of carrying out a steeply inclined trench for vehicles capable of overcoming steep slopes, characterized in that the trench after blasting the rock mass within its boundaries is carried out using a hydraulic excavator such as a backhoe, and a motor vehicle capable of overcoming steep slopes, in several stages by dividing the trench into horizontally wedge-shaped layers with a height determined by the maximum digging depth of the excavator, while the slope of the base of the wedge-shaped parts is top the layers are taken as technical, equal to the overcome slope of the excavator, and the slope of the base of the wedge-shaped part of the lower last layer is technological, equal to the steep slope of the trench in the final position, the upper layers thus contoured are worked out by an excavator with lower scooping sequentially from top to bottom, the horizontal part of the lower last layer is also worked out by an excavator with lower scooping, and the remaining wedge-shaped part, concluded between the technical and technological bases of the wedge-shaped part with oya, a bulldozer moved beyond the trench, where the goods in a vehicle and taken to the surface.

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