RU2611615C1 - Ball bearings raceways rolling and stabilization plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ball bearings races raceways rolling. Plant includes ball mandrel with deforming elements in form of balls, loading mechanism and mechanism for installation and rotation of workpiece. In loading mechanism electronic dynamometer is installed. Between loading mechanism and ball mandrel is installed misalignment of axes compensator of ball mandrel and workpiece in form of elastic gasket or hinged bearing. Used ball mandrel is ball bearing opposite upper race. In mechanism for installation and rotation of workpiece rolling bearing is installed as support. Deforming balls have diameter, equal to rolling bearing balls diameter.

EFFECT: result is higher quality of bearing.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in the bearing industry, namely in the processing of metals by pressure.

Known installation for multi-ball rolling, described in patent RU for invention No. 2456149. The installation comprises a mandrel with deforming elements in the form of balls located in the groove and held by the slats prevented from falling out. The groove is made in the form of a loop consisting of two helical branches, the first of which is made in one, for example, left direction, one step longitudinal, with the possibility of rolling deforming elements from beginning to end. The end of the first branch is connected to the beginning of the second helical branch of the opposite, for example, right, direction of the same step, designed to return the deforming elements, to obtain a closed endless loop located on a cylindrical surface. At the intersection of the branches of the endless loop, the deforming elements of the return branch move along the return channel drilled in the mandrel body and passing under the first branch.

Known also rolling, described in the application RU for the invention No. 95105271. The rolling contains a shank with a seat, rolling rollers. To increase productivity and improve working conditions, especially in mass production, increase operational and quality capabilities, as well as the durability of roller rolling, the release of internal grinding or diamond boring machines and abrasive tools, it is equipped on the working side with protrusions along the entire length of the roller that press the work surface products along its entire length, and adjusting elements along the rolling diameter due to the vernier device.

Also known installation for rolling described in patent RU for utility model No. 56253. The installation comprises a mandrel, a separator with rollers mounted on the mandrel, and a mechanism for rotating the rollers located inside the separator and in contact with the rollers. The separator is made in the form of a glass. The mechanism of rotation of the rollers is two balls in contact with each other and installed between the bottom of the separator and the end face of the mandrel along its axis. The inner surface of the bottom of the separator and the end face of the mandrel located inside the separator are made conical, while the vertices of these cones are directed in opposite directions from the balls.

The disadvantage of the above inventions is the limited technological ability, since they are designed to process only the cylindrical surfaces of the parts.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to the claimed is a device for rolling raceways of ball bearings, containing a ball mandrel with deforming elements in the form of balls with a diameter of not more than the diameter of the balls of the rolling bearing, for which a ring is made, a loading mechanism and a mechanism for installing and rotating the workpiece [RU patent for the invention No. 2541220]. The balls are installed in the blind holes of the ball mandrel, which, using a hydraulic system from the pulse generator and the waveguide, is informed of a periodic pulse load transmitted to the workpiece installed in the rotation mechanism in the sliding bearing.

The disadvantage of this device is the provision of low quality processing, since the load on the workpiece from the deforming elements is not strictly regulated. In the process of impulse action of the balls on the workpiece, vibration occurs and the raceway is wavy. As a result of the fact that a sliding support is installed in the workpiece rotation mechanism, increased friction occurs, which also contributes to the occurrence of vibrations. In addition, after assembling the bearing of the rolling element due to manufacturing errors, parts do not fall or only partially fall into the hardened by rolling part of the surface of the raceways, which sharply reduces the processing efficiency.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of processing.

The problem is achieved in that in the installation for rolling and stabilizing the raceways of ball bearings, containing a ball mandrel with deforming elements in the form of balls, a loading mechanism and a mechanism for installing and rotating the workpiece, an electronic dynamometer is installed in the loading mechanism, between the loading mechanism and the ball mandrel a compensator for skewing the axes of the ball mandrel and the workpiece is installed in the form of an elastic gasket or an articulated bearing; zhnoe upper bearing ring in the mechanism for mounting and rotating the workpiece in a support roller bearing set, and deforming the beads have a diameter exactly equal to the diameter of the rolling bearing balls.

The technical result is to improve the quality of manufacture of the bearing.

In the proposed installation, there are no sources of vibration, and therefore, sources of wave formation of the raceways. The workpiece load from the side of the deforming elements is controlled by an electronic dynamometer, which increases the stability of processing quality indicators. Since the opposite bearing ring is used as a mandrel, and the diameter of the balls is equal to the diameter of the balls in the bearing, after assembly of the bearing, the rolling elements exactly fall into the rolling-hardened part of the surface of the raceways. All this significantly improves the quality of the rolling bearing.

The invention is illustrated using FIG. 1, which shows the installation for rolling and stabilizing the raceways of ball bearings and positions 1-14 are indicated:

1 - bed

2 - rolling bearing

3 - mandrel

4 - gear motor

5 - plate

6 - guides

7 - pneumatic cylinders

8 - electronic dynamometer

9 - spherical plain bearing

10 - emphasis

11 - workpiece (not included in the installation)

12 - deforming balls

13 - the upper ring of the bearing

14 - pressure regulator

The installation is a frame 1, on which are mounted the mechanism for installing and rotating the workpiece, the loading mechanism and the air pressure regulator 14 in the machine pneumatic system. The installation and rotation mechanism of the workpiece consists of a rolling support 2, in which the mandrel 3 is mounted rotatably from the gear motor 4. The loading mechanism comprises a plate 5 fixed in guides 6 with the possibility of moving in the vertical direction from the pneumatic cylinders 7. On the plate 5 is fixedly mounted an electronic dynamometer 8, on which an emphasis 10 is mounted in an articulated bearing 9.

A blank 11 is placed on the mandrel 3, which is a machined bearing ring, on top of which a separator with deforming balls 12 and an upper bearing ring 13 playing the role of a ball mandrel are mounted.

The installation is as follows. A blank 11, 3-6 of deforming balls 12, equal in diameter to the balls in the ball bearing, and a top ring of the bearing 13 are installed on the mandrel 3, and the upper ring of the bearing 13 is turned on. As a result, the pneumatic system 7 turns the guides 6 and plate 5 down. The emphasis 10 acts on the upper ring of the bearing 13, the pressure is transmitted through the articulated bearing 9 to the electronic dynamometer 8. The articulated bearing 9 allows you to evenly distribute the load between the rolling balls 12 and thereby create the same conditions for the action of deforming balls 12 on the workpiece 11 and the upper bearing ring 13. If the force of the emphasis 10 on the upper ring of the bearing 13 does not match the specified, then using the pressure regulator 14 change the pressure of the pneumatic system.

Then, the rotation of the gear motor 4, which drives the mandrel 3 with the workpiece 11 mounted on it, is turned on. Under the action of friction forces, the deformation balls 12 roll along the raceways of the workpiece 11 and the upper bearing ring 13, first producing plastic deformation and hardening of the surface to be treated, and then by stabilizing the stresses and parameters of the workpiece 11.

After processing with the help of pneumatic cylinders 7, the plate 5 and the stop 10 are withdrawn from the upper bearing ring 13. The workpiece 11 together with the separator, deforming balls 12 and the upper bearing ring 13 are removed from the treatment area, the set is disassembled, and the workpiece 11 and the upper bearing ring 13 sent to the bearing assembly. The deformation balls 12 used in the rolling process can be used repeatedly. The cycle is repeated.

During processing there are no vibrations, balls equally affect all areas of the processed surface, which ensures high quality of the processing process. Since the assembly of the bearing is carried out with balls equal in diameter to the rolled balls, after assembling the bearing, the balls are installed exactly on the hardened surface of the raceways, which ensures high quality of the bearing.

An example of the operation of the inventive installation

The bearing rings 1118-2902840 mounted in the upper support of the front suspension of the VAZ-Priora, Kalina and others family were machined. The upper and lower rings of this bearing have polyamide casings, inside of which there are metal working rings made of steel 70 with a hardness of HRC 48-50. The diameter of the raceways of the working rings is 75 mm, the radius of the trench is 2.6 mm, the diameters of the balls are d _s = 5 mm. The number of balls in the bearing z is 46. The balls are made of steel ШХ 15 and have a hardness of HRC 61-62. The static bearing capacity C = 1900 N. The manufactured bearing meets the specified technical conditions that do not take into account the condition of the roads. Practice shows that these bearings often fail prematurely due to the occurrence of strong shocks resulting from bumps encountered on the road. At the installation of the proposed design, rolling and stabilization of the raceways of the bearing rings was performed and thereby the reliability of the bearing was increased by reducing the sensitivity to strong shocks during operation.

Since the hardness of the balls is much higher than the hardness of the working part of the bearing rings, the balls used to assemble the bearing are used as deforming balls. The number of deforming balls was taken equal to 4, since this requires less load during processing, which prevents possible breakage of the bearing rings and reduces the required energy costs. The processing force was selected from the condition that a load was applied to each deforming ball, k _p = 1.5-2 times higher than the maximum possible load during operation. This made it possible to increase the reliability of the bearing and prevent breakage from accidental loads, such as impacts. Higher loads did not make sense. Since the working maximum possible operational load on the balls, at which plastic deformation of the surface of the raceways begins, was

then took the processing load equal to

P _o = k _p ⋅P _r ⋅z _o = 2⋅41⋅4 = 328H.

The rotational speed during processing n was taken equal to 100 rpm, since at a higher rotational speed, increased heat generation occurs. The processing time was determined from the previously verified conditions that during the first revolution plastic deformation occurs and a local hardened track is formed, and during the next 20-30 revolutions the part parameters are stabilized. Therefore, the processing time was taken equal

.

.

Before processing with a dynamometer, the pressure in the pneumatic system was regulated so that the stop load on the ball mandrel was 328N. Next, processing was carried out for 0.3 min as described above.

Laboratory tests showed that the bearing under the specified processing conditions withstands 1.5-2 times greater impact force than a conventional bearing that is not subjected to rolling.

Feasibility study of the practical use of the proposed design of the installation is as follows:

1. The design of the installation is simplified due to the absence of waveguides, a pulse generator, and a complex process control system.

2. The vibration of the tool during processing is reduced, which reduces the waviness of the treated surface.

3. Increases the stability of the quality of processing, since the rolling force is controlled by a dynamometer.

4. The quality of the bearing increases, since in the assembled bearing the balls roll along the rolled surface of the raceways of the rings.

Claims (1)

Installation for rolling raceways of ball bearing rings, containing a ball mandrel with deforming elements in the form of balls, a loading mechanism and a mechanism for installing and rotating the workpiece, characterized in that it is equipped with an electronic dynamometer installed in the loading mechanism and a compensator installed between the loading mechanism and the ball mandrel misalignment of the axes of the ball mandrel and the workpiece, made in the form of an elastic gasket or an articulated bearing, while as a ball mandrel the opposite upper ring of the ball bearing lives in, a rolling bearing is installed as a support in the mechanism for installing and rotating the workpiece, and the deforming balls have a diameter equal to the diameter of the balls of the rolling bearing with a rolled raceway.

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