RU2600878C1 - Support slider for freight-car trucks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: support slider comprises body (1) and cover (2), between which there is an elastic damper, made in the form of cup (3), bottom (10) of which rests (10) on bottom (8) of the cover. Inside the cap there is elastic insert (4), so that its part (6) extends cup end (5), stiffness of the elastic insert is smaller then stiffness of the cup in which, or above or under which there is structural element (13) with stiffness smaller then stiffness of the cup and higher then stiffness of the elastic insert.

EFFECT: simplified slider design, increasing its service life.

9 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to railway transport, in particular to the design of the supporting side bearing for trucks of freight cars.

Known support slider for truck wagons [1, Patent RU 2370388, IPC B61F 5/14, priority July 19, 2007, published January 27, 2009].

It contains between the body and the movable cover a damper made in the form of an external spring and an internal spring. The power characteristic of such a side bearing is ensured by first compressing its inner spring, which has less rigidity, and then further compressing the same spring and outer spring, which has greater rigidity. As a result, the “soft” stroke of the side bearing is determined by the parameters of the internal spring, and the “hard” stroke is determined by the sum of the forces opposing the compression of the internal and external springs.

However, in case of exceeding the normative force attributable to the movable cover of the support side bearing, the coils of both springs are completely closed, their deformation is severe, which with repeated repetition of such peak loads, especially at critically low temperatures around -60 ° C, due to which embrittlement of the material of the springs, their destruction can occur. In addition, when closing the coils of the springs, the slider behaves like a rigid, completely non-flexible body, which can lead to breakdown of not only the springs, but also the body parts of the side bearing, and even the body parts of the railway carriage and its carriage that are joined to it.

These shortcomings are eliminated in the reference slide for freight wagon trolleys [2, Patent RU 2416540, IPC B61F 5/14, F16F 3/06, convention priority 21.05.2008, published on 04.20.2011], adopted as a prototype.

Such a sliding slider comprises a housing and a cover, between which an elastic damper is located, consisting of a cup made of elastic material, and an insert made of elastic material is located inside the cavity, so that a part of it protrudes beyond the end of the cup. Moreover, the cup is limited in one of the options on the periphery of the inner spring, which is covered by the outer spring, and in another embodiment, on the periphery of the cup is limited by the outer spring, and inside by the inner spring. In both versions of the support side bearing, one of the springs is longer in length than the other spring. When the said protruding part of the insert is compressed to the end of the glass, it fills the volume of the cavity of the glass, and further deformation of the insert ceases. The “soft” stroke of the support side bearing is ensured by a high spring, and its “hard” stroke is added up from the stiffnesses of high and low springs with the addition of the stiffness of the cup made of elastic material. This cup, if necessary, can be designed so that its anti-compression force limits the complete closure of both the springs and the side housing, preventing their deformation and destruction.

However, this design has drawbacks in that the cup, made of an elastic material, is bounded around the periphery and / or inside by springs. As a result of this, when the glass is compressed, its abrasion and deformation of the spring occur, and the glass gradually deteriorates and sags due to a decrease in its volume from this volume. For this reason, its rigidity decreases, which can lead to the same negative consequences as in the case of using the device by analogy [1]. In addition to this, the damper of the support side bearing according to the prototype [2] contains a wide range of springs.

In addition, the use of internal and external springs as the main elements of the damper of the supporting side joint complicates and increases the cost of its design, since springs made of expensive alloy steel of large size and considerable rigidity are required.

The objective of the invention is to obtain a technical result aimed at simplifying and cheapening the design of the supporting side bearing for trucks of freight cars, as well as to increase its service life.

This object is achieved in that the supporting slider for freight carriages, comprising a body and a lid, between which there is an elastic damper made in the form of a cup resting against its bottom in the lid bottom, has distinctive features: an elastic insert is located inside the glass cavity, and so, that part of it stands for the end of this glass, in addition, the stiffness of the elastic insert is less than the stiffness of the glass, in which, above or below which the structural element is located, with stiffness less than the stiffness and greater rigidity of the elastic insert.

The location inside the cavity of the glass elastic insert will dispense with the use of expensive massive steel springs in the design of the side bearing, as in the analogue [1] and prototype [2]. This will also increase the service life of the supporting side bearing by eliminating the abrasion of the walls of the glass on such springs.

The location of the elastic insert in relation to the glass, so that part of it protrudes along its end, is aimed at increasing the working stroke of the cover of the support side bearing, as well as providing the ability to use the elastic insert and glass with different stiffness.

Performing an insert with a stiffness less than the rigidity of the cup will allow the slider to have a “soft” stroke when a load is applied to its cover, which is aimed at ensuring the operation of the support side bearing, as in the prototype [2].

The location in or above or below the glass of the structural element, with stiffness, less stiffness of the glass and greater stiffness of the insert, is aimed at ensuring the initial "hard" stroke sideways, which meets modern requirements.

Additional features of the invention:

- the structural element is made in the form of a groove on the upper part of the glass, which is made smaller in diameter than the rest of the glass, and which is provided with a recess in its bottom;

- the structural element is made in the form of a sleeve located on the upper part of the glass in which the outer groove is made;

- the elastic insert is made in the form of a three-dimensional body of elastic material, forming in its cross section a figure eight with central holes in its shelves;

- the elastic insert is made in the form of a sleeve of elastic material with a toroidal outer surface;

- the elastic insert is made in one piece with a glass;

- the elastic insert is made in the form of a compression spring;

- the glass is made of elastic material;

- the glass is not made of elastic material.

The invention is illustrated by illustrations, where in FIG. one

supporting slider for trucks of freight cars, contains (Fig. 1) a housing 1 and a cover 2, between which a damper is located, consisting of a cup 3, made of either elastic or inelastic (metal, plastic) material, inside of the cavity of which there is an elastic insert 4 moreover, such that part 5 of the cup 5 protrudes from the end face 5 of this cup. The cover 2 may cover the housing 1, as shown, or may be covered by the housing 1 (not shown). In certain cases, the elements of the damper - glass 3 and insert 4 can be delimited by intermediate plates (not shown).

In the initial state (Fig. 1) of the bearing side between the end 5 of the glass 3 and the bottom 7 of the housing 1 there is an initial distance a, and between the bottom 8 of the cover 2 and the end 9 of the housing 1 there is an initial distance b1. The glass 3 with its thickened bottom 10 abuts against the bottom 8 of the cover 2. The cover 2 covers the housing 1 and has a friction end surface 11, which serves to contact (not shown) with the elements of the bottom of the freight car. The housing 1 through the holes 12 is attached (not shown) to the truck of the freight car.

The stiffness of the elastic insert 4 is less than the stiffness of the cup 3, in which (Fig. 1, 7, 10), either above (Fig. 4) or below (not shown) which is located structural element 13 (indicated by a dashed line with two points), stiffness, less rigidity of the glass 3 and greater rigidity of the elastic insert 4.

The structural element 13 can be made in the form of a corrugation, ribs (not shown) or grooves 14 (Fig. 1, 6, 7, 10) on the upper part of the glass 3, which is made smaller in diameter than the rest of the glass 3, and which can be provided with a recess 15 in its bottom 10.

The structural element 13 can also be made in the form of a sleeve 16 located on the upper part of the glass 3, in which the outer groove 17 is made.

The elastic insert 4 can be made in the form of a three-dimensional body of elastic material, forming in its cross section a figure eight with central holes 18 (Fig. 1) in its shelves and cavities 19 between them.

According to the described scheme, options for the design of the damper are possible, based on indicators of economic efficiency. The use of elastic materials with such important properties as frost and heat resistance, other physical properties, is often economically disadvantageous. Therefore, in order to save such materials, it is possible to divide the damper parts into a larger number of components, with the replacement of idle sections with cheaper plastics, metal or other types of materials.

Therefore, the elastic insert 4 may have the form as in FIG. 1, but without central holes 18 and internal cavities 19, and may also be composite of several parts.

The elastic insert 4 can also be made (Fig. 6, 7) in the form of a sleeve of elastic material with a toroidal outer surface. Moreover, such an elastic insert 4 can be made in one piece (Fig. 6) with a glass 3 or separately (Fig. 7) from it.

Such an elastic insert 4 can also be with a blind hole (not shown), or even without a hole.

In addition, the elastic insert 4 can be made in the form of a compression spring (Fig. 10).

The principle of operation of the supporting side bearing for freight wagon trolleys is as follows.

When applying the initial load F1 (Fig. 2, 8, 11) from the bottom of the freight car (not shown) to the lid 2, a “soft” sideways movement is provided that corresponds to the standard course of the supporting sideways when moving the most frequently loaded wagon, which is that more the rigid cup 3, moving downward inside the housing 1, compresses the softer elastic insert 4. Having low rigidity, it is able to compress until its protruding part is completely hidden in the cavity of the cup 3. At the same time, the lid 2 passes the distance b1 (Fig. 1, 7, 10) - b2 (Fig. 2, 8, 11 ) equal to the distance a (Figs. 1, 7, 10) that the cup 3 passes. It as a result abuts the bottom 7 of the housing 1, and the elastic insert 4 (Figs. 1, 7), deforming, fills the volume of the cavity of the cup 3. Volume this cavity is designed in such a way that when it is filled with a deformed elastic insert 4, the walls of the glass 3 cannot be deformed, because on the one hand this is prevented by the wall of the housing 1 of the support side bearing, and on the other hand, the bursting volume of the material of the elastic insert 3. Further deformation of the elastic insert limited by the wall of the glass 3. The damper is in this case a solid body with significant rigidity. However, the requirements of the standards establish that the reference slider must have an additional “hard” stroke, with a retaining force several times greater than in its “soft” stroke. Therefore, the geometric parameters of the structural element 13 (Fig. 1) are calculated to ensure the value of the specified "hard" stroke of the support side bearing, as well as to provide the maximum allowable support force, which counteracts compression, in which the cover 2 and the housing 1 of the support side bearing are not guaranteed to close and, accordingly cannot hurt each other. Those. between them a guaranteed clearance b3 is provided (Figs. 3, 9, 12).

With a further increase in the load F2 (Fig. 3, 9, 12) and compression of such a structural element 13 (Fig. 1) on the cup 3, for example, in the form of a groove 14, a predetermined value of the “hard” stroke of the support side bearing is selected, after which this the structural element (Fig. 3, 9, 12) is closed, for example, the groove 14 is closed. Therefore, the stiffness of the entire damper at a certain point increases sharply, preventing the closure of the housing 1 of the supporting side by its cover 2. Moreover, the elastic insert 4 remains protected inside the glass 3 from further deformation. It is thanks to the protection of the elastic insert 4 from over-deformation that its long-term ability to maintain shape, dimensions and characteristics becomes possible, which affects the stability of the entire supporting side bearing and the absence of permanent deformation (subsidence).

The use of such an elastic damper in the design makes it possible to absorb even greater loads, preventing the closure of the housing 1 of the supporting side bearing with its cover 2. This can be especially observed, although in rare cases, when transporting empty cars, where the roll of the car body can reach critical values . In this case, damage to the elastic zone of the cup 3 is possible, which will entail over-deformation of its material and a decrease in the value of the “hard” course of the supporting side bearing. In this case, such breakdowns will require replacing the cup 3 or the entire damper as a whole, which is achieved by simple, in contrast to the analogue [1] and prototype [2], by removing the cover 2 of the supporting side bearing and removing the damaged assembly, followed by the placement of a new damper in the housing 1.

The described scheme of the invention can be easily applied to replace expensive bulky metal springs, in most existing versions of the supporting side bearing, including that described in the analogue [1] or prototype [2], without finalizing the housing of such supporting side bearings.

When implementing the invention, the following indicators can be achieved:

- providing the required power characteristics;

- the use of inexpensive materials;

- manufacturing of parts is achieved by simple operations;

- the minimum number of components;

- simple replacement of parts that have spent their resources;

- the possibility of re-equipping existing and operating support side bearings with elastic dampers with a new design;

- there is no need to modify existing buildings;

- minimum wear and long product life.

Information sources

1. Patent RU 2370388, IPC B61F 5/14, priority July 19, 2007, published January 27, 2009.

2. Patent RU 2416540, IPC B61F 5/14, F16F 3/06, convention priority 21.05.2008, published on 04.20.2011 / prototype /.

Claims (9)

1. A support slider for freight wagon trolleys, comprising a housing and a lid, between which an elastic damper is arranged, made in the form of a cup resting against its bottom on the lid bottom, characterized in that an elastic insert is located inside the cup cavity, so that the end of this part of the cup protrudes, in addition, the stiffness of the elastic insert is less than the stiffness of the cup, in which, above or below which the structural element is located, with stiffness less than the stiffness of the cup and more stiffness of the elastic insert. 2. The slider according to claim 1, characterized in that the structural element is formed in the upper part of the bottom of the glass, smaller in diameter than the rest of the glass, and the upper part of the bottom of the glass from the side of its end is provided with a recess and a groove is made in it. 3. The slider according to claim 1, characterized in that the structural element is made in the form of a sleeve located on the upper part of the glass, in which the outer groove is made. 4. The slider according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic insert is made in the form of a three-dimensional body of elastic material, forming in its cross section a figure eight with central holes in its shelves. 5. The slider according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic insert is made in the form of a sleeve of elastic material with a toroidal outer surface. 6. The slider according to claim 5, characterized in that the elastic insert is made in one piece with a glass. 7. The slider according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic insert is made in the form of a compression spring. 8. The slider according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass is made of elastic material. 9. The slider according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass is not made of an elastic material.

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