RU2597200C1 - Universal soil treatment means - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, in particular, to universal tillage means for performing various operations of primary soil treatment. Tool comprises welded frame with suspension, support wheel with screw mechanism, angle-bars welded to main beam of frame, plate-like brackets rigidly coupled with angle-bars. To angle-bars by bolts and through axis for turning by 180° in non-operating position are attached plate-like posts with dumps. On brackets are fixed by clamps extending forward plate-like posts. Dumps are made composite from detachable trapezoidal plates - bottom, upper and middle. To middle is welded at an angle closing trapezoidal plate. On plate-like posts there are holes along whole length for installation and discrete detachable cutting blades and paired sweeps. At front to plate posts are welded pipe rippers with bent end, completed by cut at an angle with removable elliptic bit with sharpening.

EFFECT: engineering solution is aimed at improvement of functional capabilities of plough without dismantling and operational reliability, reduced power consumption of metal consumption.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to universal tillage tools for various operations of the main tillage.

A tillage tool is known (see RF patent No. 2399177) including a hinged frame and working bodies mounted on its main beam, each of which contains a plate rack that has a shoe with an attached chisel, a pair of trim wings (paws) attached to the rack by a pair of bolts. and, in one of the mounting holes of the pair of cutting legs, bushings are inserted with an eccentric displacement, and the eccentric value is determined by the possibility of installing the wings at the minimum and maximum angle of crumbling when they are opposite a turn, and a pair of cutting wings has the ability to discrete move along the height of the rack along the corresponding holes, as well as the joint installation of a pair of cutting wings with a blade through spacers above them.

The advantages of this tool are the ability to reconfigure to perform various operations such as: slotting, chiseling, continuous cutting, and when installing the blade, heap tillage.

The disadvantages of this tillage tool are: high energy costs, due to the fact that when working with the blade there is a reactive force due to the high load on the blade and the hull rack from lateral forces (bending moment), including due to that the blade is located in front of the bit; the need for dismantling in connection with the removal of the blade, determining it for storage and in the subsequent installation of the blade.

A plow is also known (see. The method of plowing the soil and plow, RF patent No. 2095953), including a frame with plow bodies fixed to it, each of which has a knife fixed from the field edge of the blade, and the blade of each case has a cutout in the upper part, and a reflector is mounted on the wing of each dump.

The knives on the field side of the hulls, in addition to cutting the upper soil layer, allow you to unload the field board and the hull rack from lateral forces (bending moment), which will make it possible to reduce their size and metal intensity of the plow. The dumps of the bodies have a lower height, therefore, less metal.

However, the disadvantages are the low functionality of the plow due to the lack of elements to ensure subsurface principles of tillage (decompaction of the plow sole and deep loosening).

The closest in technical essence and the achieved economic effect is a tool for tillage, in the form of a plow mounted model PLN-5-35 (see V.M. Khalansky, I.V. Gorbachev / Agricultural machines / M., KolosS, 2004 , p. 34), which includes a welded frame with a hitch, a support wheel with a screw mechanism, a harrow trailer, angles welded to the main beam of the frame, to which plate brackets and working bodies are attached, in the form of plow bodies containing plate-shaped bolts to the corners racks equipped dumps, plowshares, field boards, and in the form of skimmers containing racks fixed with clamps, equipped with dumps and plowshares, and the skimmer has a working width equal to 2/3 of the working width of the body, and is placed in front of it at a distance L = 25 ... 35 cm, for cutting the upper layer of soil with a thickness of 8-12 cm.

However, the disadvantages of the plow include the following.

1. Low functionality and operational reliability of the plow due to the lack of the ability to provide flat-tillage, decompaction of the plow sole and deep loosening, due to the rapid dulling or wear of the share and problems of its replacement and sharpening.

2. High energy costs due to the high load on the field board and the hull rack from lateral forces (bending moment), as well as due to the high traction resistance of the soil to the structural elements of the plow.

3. High metal consumption due to the provision of the necessary strength indicators of structural elements of the housing.

The technical solution to the problem is to increase the functionality of the plow without understaffing and operational reliability, reducing energy and metal consumption.

The solution is achieved by the fact that in the known means for tillage, including a welded frame with a hitch, a support wheel with a screw mechanism, angles welded to the main beam of the frame, plate brackets rigidly connected to the corners, and working bodies containing plate racks fixed by bolts to the corners with blades, and fixed on the brackets with the help of clamps, forward plate racks, while, according to the invention, the racks with blades are mounted on the axes welded to the corners pivotally for rotation and 180 ° to the inoperative position, and the dumps are made of composite removable trapezoidal plates - lower, upper and middle, and the trapezoidal closing plate is welded to the latter at an angle, while holes on the plate racks are made along the entire length for installation and discrete movement of removable cutting paws and paired plane-cutting paws, while pipe rippers with a bent end, which ends with a cut at an angle of 25 °, are welded to the front of the plate racks, where it is laid on using eyes, a sleeve and a finger e elliptical shape bit with sharpening, and the dumps are attached to the posts through spacers, and the diameter of the pipe rippers is 85-100 mm, and the radius of bending of its end is 280-300 mm.

The new elements are that the racks with blades are mounted on hinges welded to the corners to rotate 180 ° into the inoperative position, and the blades are made of removable trapezoidal plates - lower, upper and middle, and the trapezoidal closing plate is welded to the latter at an angle, at the same time, holes along the entire length are made on the plate racks for installation and discrete movement of removable cutting legs and paired plane-cutting legs, while the pipe loosers are welded in front of the plate racks spruce with a bent end, ending with a cut at an angle of 25 °, where with the help of eyes, a sleeve and a finger, an elliptical-shaped overhead bit with sharpening is installed, and the dumps are attached to the posts through spacers, and the diameter of the rippers is 85-100 mm and the bend radius its end is 280-300 mm.

The novelty lies in the fact that the plow can be configured to implement various technologies of the dump and non-dump technology without dismantling, and when dumping, instead of a ploughshare, a bit on a pipe cultivator with a curved end is used, which can be installed at a given processing depth.

New elements of the device are known in agricultural science, but according to the patent and scientific and technical literature, a similar claimed combination of features is not found, which allows to achieve a technical result.

In the drawings, a universal soil treatment tool is schematically shown: FIG. 1 is a plan view; in FIG. 2 - section AA with the installation of racks with dumps for plowing; in FIG. 3 - section GG; in FIG. 4 - section AA with the installation of racks with dumps in the idle position for subsurface cultivation; in FIG. 5 and in FIG. 6 - placement of paired plane-cutting cutting pairs on a rack with a ripper in the lower and upper position; in FIG. 7 - layout of a rack with a blade together with a rack with a cultivator and a cutting paw, as well as only racks with a cultivator and a pair of plane-cutting cutting legs (top view).

A universal soil treatment tool includes a welded frame 1 with a hitch 2, a support wheel 3 with a screw mechanism, corners 4 welded to the main beam 5 of the frame 1, plate brackets 6 rigidly connected with corners 4, and working bodies. The working bodies contain bolted 7 to the corners 4 of the plate rack 8 with dumps. The dumps are made of composite trapezoidal plates — bottom 9, middle 10 and upper 11, which are attached to the uprights 8 through spacers 12. The trapezoidal closing plate 13 is welded to the middle trapezoidal plate 10. The uprights 8 are pivotally mounted on axes 14 welded to the corners 4 , to rotate 180 ° to the idle position. The plate racks 16 are fastened to the plate 13 by the clamps 15 on the brackets 6 fastened forward. The plate racks 16 are provided with holes along the entire length for installation and discrete movement of the removable cutting legs 17, mounted on the side of the field edge and paired plane-cutting legs 18. Front to tube rippers 19 are welded to the plate racks 16 with a bent end, ending with a cut at an angle of 25 °, where using an eyelet 20, a sleeve 21 and a finger 22, an elliptical-shaped overhead bit 23 with a sharpening is installed. Moreover, with the processing speed and the resistivity coefficient when plowing close to the primary requirements equal to (9-12 km / h and 50-150 KPa), the optimal diameter of the pipe from which the ripper 19 is made, providing a minimum of traction resistance is 85-100 mm, the bending radius - 280-300 mm. The depth of treatment with ripper 19 without a blade is up to 60 cm, and with a blade - 30-45 cm, i.e. 10-15 cm lower; working body working width 500 mm.

The work is as follows.

For subsurface cultivation of the soil, the rack 8 with the blade rotates around the axis 14 and is fixed with a bolt 7 in the upper position and the cutting leg 17 is removed. After that, the moldless loosening is performed. Moreover, when you change the processing depth and installation height of paired plane-cutting paws 18 or remove them, operations change, for example, without pairing plane-cutting paws 18, snapping is performed, and with them installed in the upper position on the rack 16, snapping with cutting of vegetation, and with them installed in the lower the position on the rack 16 is chiseleva with cutting intrasoil ridges. In this case, the soil is treated with less energy due to the tearing up of the soil with a cylindrical (pipe) element 19 equipped with a bend and an elliptical bit 23.

To perform the soil tillage, the rack 8 with the blade is rotated around the axis 14 and fixed with a bolt 7 in the working position, then the depth of the soil treatment with the blade is adjusted with the support wheel 3, then moving the pipe cultivators 19 to 12 by fixing the clamps 15 on the brackets 6 of the rack 16 -15 cm deeper, then from the side of the edge of the blade in the middle of the racks 16 are installed cutting legs 17. During operation, the bit 23 is easily embedded in the soil, the cultivator 19 rips the soil from which the lower 9 part of the blade the stratum, and the middle 10 and upper 11 parts, it turns around. At the same time, the closing trapezoidal plate 13 provides the direction of the formation only to the middle 10 part of the blade. Moreover, this operation is performed with less energy by reducing the load from the side forces on the dumps, due to the anti-reactive action of the cutting legs 17. Moreover, the cutting legs 17 contribute to better loosening, since the upper layer is trimmed first from the field edge. Accordingly, the metal consumption of the rack 8 with the blade decreases, including operational reliability increases, since when the bit 23 is worn, the trapezoidal plates 9, 10 with the blade 13 and 11 are easily replaced with new ones.

For the implementation of joint heap and non-heap processing with cutting of intrasoil ridges, the following setting is performed. Tubular rippers 19 are installed at a deeper level of processing with the help of racks 16 mounted on the brackets 6, on which, in addition to the cutting legs 17, below the dumps, paired plane-cutting legs 18 are also mounted.

Thus, the plow can be configured to implement various technologies of the dump and non-dump technology without understaffing, and when dumping, instead of a ploughshare, a bit 23 is used on a pipe cultivator 19 with a bent end, which can be set to a different specified processing depth.

The use of a universal means for tillage provides an increase in the functionality of the plow and operational reliability, as well as a reduction in energy and metal consumption.

Claims (3)

1. A universal tool for tillage, including a welded frame with a hitch, a support wheel with a screw mechanism, corners welded to the main beam of the frame, plate brackets rigidly connected to the corners, and working bodies containing plate racks fixed with bolts to the corners, with dumps, and fixed on the brackets with the help of clamps, forward plate racks, characterized in that the racks with blades are mounted on the axes welded to the corners pivotally to rotate 180 ° to the idle position, and the dumps to made of composite trapezoidal plates - lower, upper and middle, with the closing trapezoidal plate welded at an angle to the latter, while the plate racks are provided with holes along the entire length for installation and discrete movement of removable cutting legs and paired plane-cutting legs, with front to tube rippers with a bent end, which ends with a cut at an angle of 25 °, are welded to the plate racks, where an elliptical shaped bit with a sharpening is installed using eyes, a sleeve and a finger. 2. A universal tool for tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that the dumps are attached to the posts through spacers. 3. A universal tool for tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the pipe of cultivators is 85-100 mm, and the radius of bending of its end is 280-300 mm.

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