RU2588599C1 - Synchronous motor with magnetic reduction - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used as compact “motor reducer” in mechanical systems with large service life at impact loads, for example as motor-wheels of environmentally clean cars. Synchronous motor with magnetic reduction includes housing 1 and end shields 2, 3. Rings 4, 5 of stator pack are installed at them. On ring 4 there are six teeth 6 with crowns and with coils 7, and on ring 5 there are wedge-shaped ledges 21. Four permanent magnets 8 are installed on bushing 9 of fast-rotating rotor. Discs 10 of stator are fixed on sleeve 11 of stator. Slow-rotating rotor discs 12 are installed on sleeve 13. Fast-rotating shaft 14 is supported by bearings 16, 18, and slow-rotating shaft 15 is supported by bearings 17, 19. Bearings 16, 17 are installed at end shields 2, 3 while bearings 18, 19 are installed at bushing 20 of bearings related to stator disc 10.

EFFECT: creation of synchronous electric motor with advanced design and improved power parameters.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electric machines, in particular to synchronous motors with excitation from permanent magnets, and can be used as a compact unit "motor-reducer" in mechanical systems with a long service life under shock loads, for use, for example, as a motor wheels of environmentally friendly cars.

A technical solution is known according to RF patent No. 2375806, the essence is that a synchronous electric motor having a housing, a stator package with teeth and with a multiphase winding, a shaft, alternating coaxial hollow rotor and stator cylinders, consisting of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic elements located along the axis rotation, and the rotor cylinders are mechanically connected with the rotor, and the stator cylinders - with the housing, while the teeth and ferromagnetic elements of the stator cylinders, as well as the teeth of the magnetic circuit and the ferromagnetic elements of the cylinders tori have their same angular positions, characterized in that the second stator package is introduced in the form of a hollow cylinder with teeth on its inner surface, located outside of the hollow cylinders, a shaft with a fast rotation rotor containing highly coercive permanent magnets in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds located radially, magnetized tangentially and counter, wedge-shaped pole pieces located between hollow cylinders and a stator package with a multiphase winding having a reversed design.

The disadvantage is the design complexity and limited rotation speed due to the cantilever arrangement of the hollow cylinders, as well as the low reliability of work on a moving base.

The closest to the claimed technical solution for the largest number of matching features and the achieved technical result, selected by the applicant as a prototype, is the invention according to RF patent No. 2544835, the essence is that the synchronous electric motor with magnetic reduction, comprising a housing, a stator package with teeth and with a multiphase winding, a rotor of fast rotation with permanent magnets on the shaft with bearings and a multilayer rotor of slow rotation on the shaft with bearings, characterized in that Slow rotor and stator have alternating disks consisting of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic elements in the form of sectors, permanent magnets have the form of sectors and are magnetized axially with alternating polarity, the stator package is made in the form of two rings of electrical steel tape by winding located at the ends of the electric motor, false teeth with coils and crowns are installed on the end surface of the ring of the stator package, on the surface of the other ring there are wedge-shaped protrusions having their same angles e dimensions and positions with ferromagnetic elements of the stator disks, and the number of ferromagnetic elements on the stator disk z _c and on the rotor disk z _p are related by the equality z _p = z _c ± 2p, where p is the number of pairs of poles of the rotor of fast rotation and the stator, and the angular dimensions The ferromagnetic elements of the disks of the stator and the rotor of slow rotation are different.

The disadvantage is the presence of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic elements of the rotor disks, which complicates the manufacturing technology of a slow rotation rotor and reduces the energy performance of the electric motor due to the reactive nature of the moment of the magnetic gearbox.

The technical result, to which the claimed invention is directed, is to improve the manufacturability of the manufacture of a slow rotor and energy performance.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the synchronous motor with magnetic reduction, comprising a housing, a stator package with teeth and with a multiphase winding, a fast rotation rotor with permanent magnets on a shaft with bearings, a slow rotation rotor on a shaft with bearings and a stator have alternating disks, stator disks consist of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic elements in the form of sectors, permanent magnets have the form of sectors and are magnetized axially with alternating polarity, the stator package is made in the form of two rings of tape of electrical steel by winding, located at the ends of the electric motor, false teeth with coils and crowns are installed on the end surface of the ring of the stator package, on the surface of the other ring there are wedge-shaped protrusions having their same angular dimensions and positions with the ferromagnetic elements of the stator disks, characterized in that the disks slow rotation rotors are made of hard magnetic material with axially magnetized sectors of alternating polarity, while the magnetized sectors of the rotor discs have their identical angular sizes and positions, and the number of elements on the stator disk z _c and the magnetized sectors on the rotor disk z _p are related by the equality z _p = z _c ± 2p, where p is the number of pole pairs of the fast rotation rotor and stator.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated by drawings (Fig. 1-Fig. 8).

In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a synchronous motor with magnetic reduction;

in FIG. 2 shows a fast rotation rotor;

in FIG. 3 shows a stator disk;

in FIG. 4 shows a rotor disk of a slow rotation;

in FIG. 5 shows the directions of forces acting on equivalent currents;

in FIG. 6 shows a view of teeth with coils;

in FIG. 7 shows the path of the magnetic flux in the proposed motor;

in FIG. 8 shows the shape of the sheets of the laminated sector (stator).

The following are presented in detail the design features of the features shown in these figures.

In FIG. 1 shows a synchronous electric motor, where:

1 - housing;

2, 3 - bearing shields;

4, 5 - stator pack rings;

6 - tooth;

7 - coil;

8 - permanent magnets;

9 - sleeve rotor fast rotation;

10 - stator disks;

11 - stator sleeve;

12 - discs of a rotor of slow rotation;

13 - the sleeve of the rotor of slow rotation;

14 - shaft of rapid rotation;

15 - shaft of slow rotation;

16-19 - bearings;

20 - sleeve bearings;

21 - protrusions;

22, 23 - bushings;

24, 25 - clamps.

The claimed design is assembled as follows: the housing 1 is rigidly connected to the bearing shields 2, 3. The rings 4, 5 of the stator package are installed on them. On the ring 4 there are six teeth 6 with coils 7.

Four permanent magnets 8 are mounted on the sleeve 9 of the fast rotation rotor. The stator disks 10 are mounted on the stator sleeve 11 mounted on the housing 1. The slow rotation rotor disks 12 are mounted on the slow rotation rotor sleeve 13. The shaft of fast rotation 14 is supported by bearings 16, 18, and the shaft 15 of slow rotation is supported by bearings 17, 19. Bearings 16, 17 are installed in bearing shields 2, 3. Bearings 18, 19 are installed in bearing sleeve 20, rigidly connected to disk 10 a stator located next to the rotor of rapid rotation.

The rings 4, 5 of the stator package and the teeth 6 are made of electrical steel tape by winding. The teeth 6 with crowns look like sectors. They are installed on the ring 4 of the stator package. The coils located diametrically connected in series and form three phases of the stator winding: A, B and C. On the end surface of the ring 5 of the stator package there are wedge-shaped protrusions 21. The rings 4, 5 of the stator package are wound on the bushings 22, 23 and covered by clamps 24 , 25. The bushings 22, 23 and the clamps 24, 25 are structural elements and may not be available with another mounting method, for example, by spot welding.

The stator disks 10 have alternating sectors of soft magnetic material (shown in Fig. 3 dark) and non-magnetic material (Fig. 3 light). Magnetic elements are made of electrical steel.

The fast rotation rotor has four permanent magnets 8 of highly coercive hard magnetic material having the form of sectors (shown in shaded in FIG. 2) and non-magnetic sectors (not shaded in FIG. 2). Sectors are magnetized along the axis of rotation and form alternating poles on the end surfaces.

The disks 12 of the slow rotation rotor are made of hard magnetic material with axially magnetized sectors of alternating polarity, having north poles (in Fig. 4 dark) and south poles (in Fig. 4 light) on one side.

The number of elements of the stator disks z _c and magnetized sectors of the rotor z _p per one pole division differs by one.

In FIG. 3, 4, the case is shown when the number of pole pairs is p = 2, z _c = 48, z _p = 44.

Synchronous motor with magnetic reduction operates as follows. When a three-phase voltage system is applied to the stator winding, a rotating magnetic field with four poles arises. It carries with it a rotor of rapid rotation. Together with it, areas of large magnetic induction rotate in the disks of the stator and rotor of slow rotation. As a result, the slow rotation rotor is rotated so that the places of coincidence of the positions of the ferromagnetic elements of the stator disks and the corresponding magnetized sectors of the slow rotor disks are in the areas of maximum magnetic induction module.

For half the period of the supply voltage T / 2 = π / ω, the rotor of rapid rotation will rotate by an angle π / 2, and the places of the maximum magnetic induction module will be repeated. In this case, the slow rotation rotor should turn by one sector, i.e. at an angle of 2π / Z _p . Therefore, the magnetic gearbox has a gear ratio z _p / 4. Therefore, the rotational speed of the rotor of slow rotation will be ω _m = 2ω / z _ρ . Here ω is the angular frequency of the supply voltage. The moment on the shaft of slow rotation M _m = z _p M _b / 2.

The presence of several disks of the stator and rotor causes multiple deformation of the magnetic field in the zone of the disks, which increases the developed moment and allows to improve the overall dimensions.

On the end surface of the stator magnetic circuit 5 facing the core, there are wedge-shaped protrusions in the form of sectors that repeat in shape and number the ferromagnetic elements of the stator disks, which increases the developed moment.

In FIG. 5 shows the relative position of the rotors of fast and slow rotation in the case of maximum torque. Shown are the currents equivalent to the magnetomotive forces of the magnetized sectors of the rotor, and the Ampere forces acting on these currents from the side of the magnetic field created by the stator winding. It can be seen that they are maximum in the maximum zone of the magnetic induction module of the stator winding and have the same directions.

In FIG. 7 shows the path of the magnetic flux in this design, where there is no external magnetic circuit, and the volume and mass are small.

The ferromagnetic elements of the stator disks are made of electrical steel, lined to reduce eddy current losses in the steel, since the magnetic induction in the sectors changes during operation.

In FIG. 8 shows the shape of sheets of a charged ferromagnetic element made of electrical steel.

The moment transfer from the rotor of fast rotation to the rotor of slow rotation is elastic - through a magnetic field. With an increase in the load moment on the shaft of slow rotation, it lags by a certain angle from the position corresponding to idling.

The electric motor does not have mechanical contacts between the moving active parts, is silent in operation, has a long service life, determined by bearings, allows shock loads, since the connection between the rotors is through a magnetic field.

Due to the implementation of the rotor discs of the slow rotation of the hard magnetic material, it has a uniform structure and is more technologically advanced to manufacture, because it does not need to be made from separate sectors. Slow rotor disks have their own magnetic field, interacting with the field of permanent magnets and creating an active electromagnetic moment. Due to this, the claimed electric motor has increased energy performance.

The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty" presented to the invention, because from the investigated prior art, the applicant has not identified the claimed combination of features, ensuring the achievement of the stated goals.

The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step" for inventions, because is not obvious to specialists in this field of technology.

The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "industrial applicability" to the invention, because can be manufactured on known equipment, using well-known materials and technologies.

Claims (1)

Magnetic reduction synchronous electric motor, comprising a housing, a stator package with teeth and a multiphase winding, a fast rotation rotor with permanent magnets on a shaft with bearings, a slow rotation rotor on a shaft with bearings and a stator have alternating disks, stator disks consist of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic elements in the form of sectors, permanent magnets have the form of sectors and are magnetized axially with alternating polarity, the stator package is made in the form of two rings of electrical steel tape by winding, laid on the ends of the electric motor, false teeth with coils and crowns are mounted on the end surface of the ring of the stator package, on the surface of the other ring there are wedge-shaped protrusions having their same angular dimensions and positions with ferromagnetic elements of the stator disks, characterized in that the slow rotor disks are made of hard magnetic material with axially magnetized sectors of alternating polarity, while the magnetized sectors of the rotor discs have their same angular dimensions and Assumption, wherein the number of elements on the stator disk and z _c magnetized sectors on the disk of the rotor are connected by the equation z _p z _p z _c = ± 2p, where p - the number of pole pairs of the rotor and stator of rapid rotation.

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