RU2588190C2 - Return mechanism of small arms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: return mechanism of a small arm comprises a compression spring, a fixed rod core and a fixed tubular rod with a stock. Compression spring of the return mechanism is arranged in the channel of the piston frame and is made in the form of a conical bellows, coils of which, when compressed, are laid inside other coils on the same plane. Extreme thrust coils of the spring are made sharpened and pressed.

EFFECT: there is achieved a simplified design with preservation of reliability of operation of the return mechanism, increased resource of the small arm operation and reduced clogging of the return mechanism.

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Description

The invention relates to small arms devices and can be used to simplify the design and improve the reliability of the return mechanism.

Improving the return mechanism as one of the main parts of small arms is one of the most promising and most rational directions for increasing the combat effectiveness of the small arms complex.

A device is known for the return mechanism of a small arms - the Utes machine gun, which contains a clutch, a return spring, a connecting rod, a guide tube, a buffer washer, a buffer spring, an insert, a buffer, a pin, and a buffer body (12.7 mm Utes machine gun manual) (NSV-12.7). Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, Moscow, 1978, p. 16).

The disadvantage of such a return mechanism with a buffer device are: the complexity and unreliability of the return mechanism.

Also known is the design of the return mechanism of automatic weapons AK-74 and RPK-74, which includes a return spring, a guide rod, a movable rod and a sleeve (5.45 mm AK-74, RPK-74. Guide to the device, handling, care and saving. Military Publishing House of the USSR Ministry of Defense, Moscow, 1982, p. 50).

The device of small arms is also known, the return mechanism of which is made in the form of two springs located in half-openings of parts of the bolt carrier (RF patent No. 2414667 from 09/01/2009, F41A 19/47).

The disadvantage of this mechanism is the design complexity, the implementation of the return mechanism in the form of two springs due to the separate roll-up of the parts of the slide frame to the front position.

The closest in technical essence to the invention and adopted as a prototype is the design of the return mechanism used in modern automatic production small arms AK74, AKS74 (5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle manual (AK74, AKS74, AK74N, AKS74N) and 5.45 mm manual Kalashnikov machine gun (RPK74, RPKS74, RPK74N, RPKS74N), under the supervision of N.I. Naydin, publ. No. 5/8677 chipboard, 1982, p. 11, 48, 50).

Such a mechanism includes a return spring, a guide rod, a movable rod, and a clutch. In this case, the spring on the jointed rods is in a half-compressed state and is not straightforward. In addition, the spring has a large length, and its curvilinear position on the rods of the return mechanism leads to friction against the walls of the channel of the piston frame, which leads to seizure and rapid wear of the parts. Another disadvantage is that the movable shaft of the mechanism has significant play on the fixed shaft during operation and leads to frequent breakdowns.

This design of the return mechanism is prone to clogging during operation and requires frequent maintenance.

The proposed invention solves the problem: preventing frequent clogging of the return mechanism, simplifying its design and increasing the life of the weapon.

The goal of the invention is achieved by the device return mechanism with a wave conical compression spring in the form of a closed accordion, due to the placement of the spring in the channel of the piston frame. When compressed, the coils of the conical spring are laid inside the other coils on the same plane. The spring, made in the form of an accordion, has greater rigidity due to the presence of a certain number of small turns, since the smaller the area at the turn, the more force is needed to compress it. In addition, the extreme thrust coils of the spring are made sharpened-pressed. In this case, a wavelike compression spring is arranged in the channel of the piston frame on a fixed rod (core) and abuts against its restrictive washer. The spring of the return mechanism is fixed in the channel of the piston frame by a fixed tubular rod with a rod that rests with the heel in the longitudinal groove of the receiver. Holes are arranged on the rod of the stationary thrust rod to prevent the formation of an air plug during operation and the possible extrusion of liquid or dirt, depending on operating conditions. This design of the return mechanism is simpler and more reliable in operation and less prone to clogging. At the same time, the coils of the spiral do not rub on the details of the mechanism, and the spring itself is shorter in length and lighter in weight, more rigid in compression. The use of a rod core fixedly fixed in the channel of the piston frame provides less play of the fixed thrust tubular rod of the return mechanism, and therefore, less wear and breakage of parts, which increases the service life of the weapon.

Technical solutions with features distinguishing the claimed solution from the prototype are not known and do not follow explicitly from the prior art. This allows us to consider that the claimed solution is new and has an inventive step.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a General view of the return mechanism with a piston frame assembly. In FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 shows the details of the return mechanism: a tubular fixed rod with a rod and a heel, the core of the return spring with an integral restrictive washer, the return conical spring in the form of an accordion.

The assembly of the return mechanism is carried out in the following sequence: a core core 3 is screwed into the channel of the shutter frame 1 with a gas piston 2, which is a cylindrical rod 11 with a one-piece restrictive washer 12. The core core is screwed into the channel of the shutter frame through a threaded connection 13 by means of a key through a tetrahedral head 14. A spring 4 of the return mechanism is put on the rod core, which is pressed by the rod 7 of the fixed tubular rod 6, mounted on the stem heel box 9. In the rod of the fixed thrust rod, holes 8 are arranged to prevent the formation of an air plug during operation.

The device operates as follows: in the process of firing a bullet under the influence of powder gases it moves along the barrel; as soon as it passes the gas outlet, part of the gas rushes through this hole into the gas chamber, presses on the gas piston of the rod and throws the bolt back; the spring of the return mechanism rests against the rod of a fixed tubular rod fixed with a heel on the receiver, and begins to compress. In this case, the coils of a larger area are first compressed to the stop, and then successively smaller, since the coils of a smaller area have greater rigidity. Stepping back, the bolt frame with the front bevel of a curved notch rotates the bolt around the longitudinal axis and displays its protrusions due to the combat stops of the receiver - the bolt is unlocked and the barrel bore is opened, the protrusion of the bolt frame releases the self-timer lever, it rises somewhat under the action of the spring, and the self-timer whisper is pressed against the front plane of the trigger. By this time, the bullet leaves the bore. After the bullet takes off from the barrel channel, the powder gases enter the rear chamber of the flame arrester, expand and through the hole and conical bell fly into the atmosphere. The inertia bolt frame continues to move backward: the sleeve held by the ejector hook bumps into the reflective protrusion of the receiver and is thrown out. The trigger rotates on the axis under the action of the bolt frame, the mainspring is twisted, the cocking cock pulls sequentially behind the figured ledge of the trigger and under the trigger latch, and then the trigger is placed on the lower ledge of the self-timer whispering, the self-timer lever rises and becomes in the way of movement protrusion of the shutter frame. As soon as the lower plane of the shutter frame passes the window for the magazine, the cartridges under the action of the magazine spring will rise up to the stop with the upper cartridge in the bend of the magazine wall. Further, under the action of compression forces, the spring of the return mechanism is unclenched in the reverse sequence and pushes the bolt frame forward, and the bolt pushes the upper cartridge out of the magazine, sends it to the chamber and closes the barrel bore. When the shutter approaches the breech section of the barrel, the ejector hook slips into the annular groove of the sleeve, the bolt, under the action of the bevel crack of the receiver on the bevel of the left combat stop of the shutter, and then, under the action of the curved cut-out of the shutter frame, rotates around the longitudinal axis of the shutter to the right, the combat protrusions of the shutter go beyond the combat stops of the receiver - the bolt is locked. The bolt frame, continuing to move forward, turns the self-timer lever forward and down with its protrusion, removing the self-timer whisper, from under the trigger self-timer; the trigger rotates under the action of the mainspring, leaves the retarder latch and becomes cocked. The cartridges in the store under the action of the spring rise up to the stop by the upper cartridge in the bolt frame. After this, another shot is fired, and the process of the mechanism is repeated.

The proposed design of the return mechanism is simpler to manufacture and reliable in operation, which determines the combat effectiveness of small arms.

Moreover, the device is applicable for the modernization of existing weapons and the development of new ones.

The practical implementation of the proposed device of the return mechanism of small arms is not in doubt, as it is based on the use of well-known materials, devices, and technical solutions.

Claims (3)

1. The return mechanism of small arms, comprising a fixed guide rod, a thrust heel, a return compression spring with sharpened-pressed extreme turns, characterized in that the spring of the return mechanism is made in the form of a conical accordion, the turns of which are round in shape with two, three or more different areas and are arranged in such a way that two, three or more adjacent unequal turns in a compressed state are stacked on the same plane, one inside the other, and the coils of the entire spring are packed in th izontalnoy and vertical planes in two, three or more rows, arranged within the duct bolt with a gas piston for the embedded rod core and abuts on the rod fixed tubular shaft fixed heel in the groove in the receiver. 2. The return mechanism of small arms according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed rod core with an integral thrust washer for the conical compression spring of the return mechanism is arranged in the channel of the bolt frame with a gas piston through a threaded connection by screwing. 3. The return mechanism of small arms according to claim 1, characterized in that openings are arranged in the rod of the fixed tubular rod to prevent the formation of an air plug during operation of the return mechanism and the possible extrusion of liquid or dirt that has fallen during the operation of the weapon.

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