RU2583006C2 - Method for cleaning pipes and risers of sewage network - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, specifically to methods for cleaning pipes and risers of sewage network of settlements and industrial enterprises. Technical result is achieved using a method, which comprises formation of self-destructing piston and its movement. On clogged section of pipeline of network in inspection sewage pit on inlet side of waste water in pipeline are arranged guide tubular overpass total height above it of not less than twice depth of well and its lower end of yielding part overpass, for example, in form of bellows is inserted into pipeline. Then in outer edge of non-deformable part smooth-pipe overpass or riser is fit a pre-formed self-destructible piston comparable on diameter, and is provided, due to forces of gravity, with accelerated motion in system overhead crossing pipeline or standpipe and opposite collision with clogging in pipeline or riser up to its removal.

EFFECT: technical result consists in reduced operating costs for maintenance of sewage network.

7 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular to methods for cleaning pipelines and risers of the sewer network of settlements and industrial enterprises from deposits and blockages during their operation. At the same time, the need to clean pipelines is caused by the inconsistency of the hydraulic regime in sewer networks and an unfavorable terrain, which is the main reason for the formation of deposits in them, as well as the accidental ingress of objects forming their clogging into pipelines and risers [1].

Many methods are known for the prophylactic cleaning of deposits and the elimination of blockages in pipelines, based on hydrodynamic, hydraulic, or mechanical methods for their implementation.

Hydrodynamic cleaning consists in washing out and carrying out in the form of separate particles of sewage sludge with a jet of water supplied under high pressure directly to the pipeline through a hose from special machines [1]. This method allows you to fully mechanize the work of removing deposits in pipelines, but requires expensive technical equipment.

Hydraulic cleaning of deposits (sludge) in pipelines is based on the erosion and transporting ability of the flow of waste or imported water. For this purpose, a floating shell is placed in the pipeline in the form of an inflatable rubber ball enclosed in a tarpaulin chamber or a hollow metal cylinder of a smaller diameter, which is restrained when moving in it using a manual winch, thereby ensuring the flow of wastewater or pumped water at a higher flow rate in the resulting the gap between the walls of the pipeline and the projectile [1]. The disadvantages of this method are low efficiency at low pressure wastewater, high consumption of additionally used water.

During mechanical cleaning, the removal of sediment in the pipeline is done by raking it to the inspection well and lifting it to the surface of the earth. Clogging is eliminated using a small-diameter pipe, wire or flexible hose, manually breaking up the clogging or using high-pressure installations, as well as up to disassembling part of the sewer network into separate elements [1]. The presence of a variety of methods for eliminating the blockage no longer indicates wide opportunities for solving this problem, but indicates the complexity and necessity of finding its solution in more effective ways.

Of the known closest in technical essence is a method of cleaning the inner surface of pipelines from deposits [2], which consists in the formation of a self-destructing piston with its subsequent movement in the pipeline. In this case, the piston is formed by supplying an inert refrigerant to a pipeline filled with water above its stationary surface.

Common features of the prototype and the proposed method are the formation of a self-destructive piston and the movement of the piston in the pipeline.

The disadvantages of the technical solution, considered as a prototype, include the following:

- the stationary surface of the water in the pipeline is provided by its bilateral overlap;

- the formation of a self-destructing piston is associated with the need to supply an inert refrigerant to the zone of its formation and a large consumption of refrigerant due to the openness of the process system;

- inapplicability of the method for eliminating blockages;

- the movement of a self-destructive piston is associated with the need to use force on it using a special device.

The objective of the invention is to change the location of the formation of a self-destructive piston, expanding functional advantages, reducing material and energy costs during implementation.

This is achieved by the fact that to ensure the possibility of cleaning both pipelines and risers in their unity of relationships with it according to the general technological scheme "self-destructing piston-riser-pipeline" on a clogged section of the pipeline of a gravity sewer network into a viewing sewer well from the side of the water drainage inlet the pipeline previously, like a riser, temporarily as a device place a guide tubular overpass with a total height above it of at least twice the depth of the well and its lower the end of the compliant part of the overpass, for example, is inserted into the pipeline in the form of a bellows, and then the preformed self-destructing piston commensurate in diameter with it is introduced into the outer edge of the undeformable smooth-tube part of the overpass or riser and provide accelerated movement in the overpass-pipeline system due to gravity riser and counter collision with a blockage in the pipeline or riser up to its removal.

This cleaning method is applicable for the case of simultaneous clogging of the riser and the pipeline systemically connected during operation.

This set of common essential features is necessary and sufficient for any implementation of the invention.

In addition, the technical solution differs in its development and refinement by the totality of essential features related to particular cases of its implementation and use.

Thus, the introduction of a monolithic self-destructive piston into a pipeline with a length of more than one and a half diameter through a guide tube overpass with a complex profile of its compliant part is practically impossible. And in the case when the self-destructing piston as a whole is formed in the form of a garland of separate piston components, i.e. each shorter length, and with a central hole in them, placing the latter one after the other through their central holes on a flexible suspension, it is easy to send a prefabricated self-destructing piston of a larger mass through the overpass and create a larger total impulse of impact on blockage when cleaning the pipeline. At the same time, the length of the extracted section of the suspension during the cleaning of the pipeline is judged on the place of blockage in it.

To ensure the possibility of shaping a self-destructive piston of the required composition directly at the workplace when cleaning the pipeline, it is formed as a whole from individual disks of various compositions by freezing through a layer of water between them due to internal cold content.

In especially severe cases of clogging of the pipeline at a large distance between the sewer wells to create additional acceleration of the piston, it is greater than the acceleration of gravity; when a self-destructing piston is formed, a blind hole is formed in it from the rear side into which its propulsion with jet propulsion, for example, powder propulsion, is installed.

When cleaning the pipeline from deposits of a complex nature, requiring layer-by-layer removal, it is necessary to use the cleaning mechanism of both chemical exposure and the mechanism of contact interaction when the piston moves. This is realized in such a way that a piston formed from aqueous solutions of detergents is first introduced into the pipeline, and then an ice piston obtained by freezing water, and if necessary, the pistons are re-introduced into the pipeline, this sequence is maintained until it is cleaned.

In practice, situations arise to remove the blockage from the pipeline, when it is necessary to use pistons created from aqueous solutions of detergents with a high concentration of them from expensive substances, then it becomes expedient to make them in the form of a “nesting doll”. In this case, an ice core is previously formed with a size smaller than the required diameter of the self-destructing piston, and then the shell of the required thickness is frozen from the latter from aqueous solutions of detergents to obtain the final size of the piston.

Pipes and risers are cleaned of local deposits and blockages due to the counter collision of the self-destructing piston with them when it moves under the influence of gravity and chemical exposure to them in the event of the formation of the piston based on aqueous solutions of detergents.

For cleaning, first in appropriate forms, for example, from a polymer by freezing water or aqueous solutions of detergents in freezers at a temperature of minus 10 ... 20 ° C, pistons (shells) of a certain size are prepared. If necessary, use them in special containers delivered to the place of cleaning the pipeline.

The General structure of the relationship of the elements of technological equipment of the implementation of this method in relation to the cleaning of the pipeline is shown in figure 1

On a clogged section of pipeline 1 (diameter d = 100 mm) located underground 2 (at a depth of h ₀ = 1.5 m), a tubular overpass (diameter d ₁ = 105 mm) is placed in the inspection well 3 from the side of the sewage inlet, consisting of non-deformable 4 and compliant 5 parts thereof, the lower end of the latter is inserted into the socket of the sewer network pipe. When you enter the piston (d ₂ = 98 mm, l = 140 mm, weight m = 1 kg) in the upper edge of the overpass above the pipeline 1 with a height of h = 3 m, the piston at the inlet to the pipeline acquires a speed of V = (2gh) ^½ = (2 9.81 · 3) ^½ = 7.8 m / s with an impulse p = m · V = 1 · 7.8 = 7.8 kg · m / s [3]. In the case of an inelastic collision of a piston of mass m = 1 kg at an encounter speed of V = 7.8 m / s with a fixed blockage of mass m ₁ = 2 kg (V ₁ = 0), both bodies will continue to move along the pipeline (without taking into account the coefficient of friction) at a speed V ₂ = (m · V + m ₁ · V ₁ ) / (m + m ₁ ) = 7.8 / 3 = 2.6 m / s to a stop in the next manhole 3.

In addition, the difference between the process of implementing the cleaning of risers from the cleaning of pipelines is that it eliminates the need to use technological equipment in the form of overpasses.

In another case, to intensify the cleaning process, depending on the structure of deposits and blockages of pipelines and risers, use the mechanism of chemical exposure to them using pistons made by freezing from aqueous solutions of detergents, for example, such as sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochloride or 5% - aqueous solution "Monomer VO-65", a 5% aqueous solution of chromium sulfate 1-3 and sulfonol 3-6 [4].

The application of this method allows to reduce operating costs for the maintenance of the sewer network and increase the reliability of its operation.

Information sources

1. The operation of water supply, sewerage and gas supply: Handbook / Ed. V.D. Dmitrieva B.G. Mishukova, - 3rd ed., Rev. and add. L .: Stroyizdat, Leningrad. Department, 1988 .-- 383 p.

2. RF patent No. 2005570, publ. 01/15/1992, IPC5 B08B 9/04, B08B 9/00.

3. Kuhling X. Handbook of Physics: Trans. with him. - M .: Mir, 1982, 520 p.

4. RF patent No. 2075356, publ. 03/20/1997, IPC6 B08B 9/04.

Claims (7)

1. The method of cleaning pipelines and risers of the sewer network, including the formation of a self-destructing piston and the implementation of its movement, characterized in that on a clogged section of the pipeline network into the inspection sewer well, from the inlet of the sewage into the pipeline, a guide tube overpass with a total height of at least twice the depth of the well and its lower end of the compliant part of the overpass, for example, in the form of a bellows, is inserted into the pipeline, and then into the outer edge of the undeformable smooth boat of the canal part of the viaduct or riser, a preformed self-destructing piston commensurate in diameter with it is introduced, and due to gravity forces it is provided with accelerated movement in the viaduct-pipeline system or riser and counter impact with blockage in the pipeline or riser until it is removed. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the self-destructing piston is formed by freezing aqueous solutions of a given concentration of detergents used to clean pipelines and risers. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the self-destructing piston as a whole is formed in the form of a garland of separate component pistons with a central hole in them, placing the latter one after the other through their central holes on a flexible suspension, and along the length of the extracted suspension section at cleaning the pipeline is judged on the place of blockage in it. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the self-destructing piston is formed as a whole from individual disks of various compositions by freezing through a layer of water between them due to their internal cold content. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that during the formation of a self-destructing piston in it from the back side a blind hole is formed in which its propulsion with jet propulsion, for example powder, is installed. 6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the piston formed from aqueous solutions of detergents is first introduced into the pipeline, and then the ice piston obtained by freezing water, and if necessary, the pistons are re-introduced into the pipeline, this sequence is maintained until it is completely cleaned. . 7. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the ice rod is preliminarily formed with a size smaller than the required diameter of the self-destructing piston, and then the shell of the required thickness is frozen out from the aqueous solutions of detergents to obtain the final piston size.

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