RU2580724C2 - Method for sampling demixing-prone media and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil industry.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to technology and sampling techniques of media, subject to delamination, and can be used in oil and other industries industry. Method of sampling media, subject to delamination,comprises selecting a sampling point from a certain volume of medium, to determine levels of sampling, sample probe is placed in environment of device input element at a predetermined level or levels of selection, a sample is taken. During rest of medium or sample is taken from each level proportional to area of environment, which it fills at sampling level. For a case when medium is movable, said area is defined as product of width of stream at level of sampling and distance, which conventionally would be middle of sampling point for a certain period of time by filling conventionally formed area, while maintaining width of stream. Any of operations for selection of proportion of sample to a predetermined level may be replaced by alternative selection by selection of fraction of sample with other levels, or other level with proviso that when such alternative replacement area levels, which occupies medium - in fact for a medium and conditionally for mobile - can be partitioned, in which ratio of volume of conditional formed partition areas or mass medium filling said areas, is equal to ratio of volume or mass fraction of samples from said areas. In case of separate sampling areas formed conventionally in sample receptacle with subsequent formation of said combined samples formed from combined sample of said fractions from sample volumes which are in same ratio, formed by their respective amounts conventionally formed areas. In case of movable medium, when device is moved together with medium, for producing sampling time period within which width and depth of flow can be considered constant. Device for sampling of media, subject to bundle includes a sample probe element comprising a housing, a cover, speed control filling of sample. Casing of sampling element is designed as a vertical cylinder, in which lower base is entrance to valve. Sample filling speed controller may be configured as a sealed packet interconnected by a side surface of cylindrical sections interconnected with housing and sample probe through valve element. Alternatively sample filling speed regulator can be designed as a piston with a compression spring located between piston and placed coaxially to cylinder cover, wherein connector is located in lid.

EFFECT: high quality of sampling, high representation and high reliability and technological effectiveness of sampling procedure.

2 cl, 8 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to technology and techniques for sampling from environments subject to delamination and may find application in the oil and other industries, the national economy, for example, for sampling oil and oil products located in tanks and other containers, for sampling water in rivers, lakes, canals, etc.

There is a method for sampling from environments subject to delamination, in which a sample from different levels taken from the reservoir every 1000 mm of the column height of the medium, which is oil, oil products, is made by mixing the same parts in volume, while samples of the upper levels are taken on 250 mm below the surface of the medium, and the lower level, the lower section of the receiving and distributing pipe in internal diameter or 250 mm above the bottom of the tank; preliminary, before sampling from levels, the level of the medium in the tank is measured and sampling levels are calculated, after which sampling from the levels is carried out - the closed device is lowered to a predetermined level so that the hole through which it is filled is at the sampling level; the reference surface of the first 1000 mm is the surface of the medium; samples from several levels are taken sequentially from top to bottom; when compiling the sample, the sample from each level is mixed, the same volume is taken and poured into one sampler, (vessel), - this sample is called combined, - GOST 2517-85, clause 2.3.2, clause 2.3.3, dash 4, [ one].

A device for implementing this method is known, including a housing with an inlet pipe, a cover with a sampling element, GOST 2517-85, paragraph 2.3.2, paragraph 2.3.3, dash 4, [2].

The known method of sampling from environments prone to delamination, and a device for its implementation [1-2] has several disadvantages that lead to a significant decrease in the quality of the sample. When the device is immersed to the required sampling level, the air in the housing is compressed and, starting from a certain immersion level, the medium begins to flow into the device through the nozzle from all the lower layers even before it is immersed to a predetermined level, at which the nozzle on the cover for bleeding is opened air. Mixing, dividing, transfusion of the samples thus obtained from the sampling levels cannot ensure the restoration of the sample broken from the sampling from each level of its proportion; As a result, samples from different levels and the sample made up of them by combining them or by combining their shares will not be representative.

These shortcomings lead to the fact that it is impossible to establish that samples from given levels represent the environment from precisely these given sampling levels. For this reason, the known solutions [1-2] cannot be used for correct comparison during testing and therefore are not mistaken for prototypes.

Another important disadvantage of the known solutions [1-2] should be attributed to the fact that in the technology they implement, the wrong step was proposed in terms of increasing the number of sampling levels — the lower sampling level 250 mm from the bottom certainly does not correspond to a step of 1000 mm.

A known method for sampling from environments subject to delamination, in which the sample is made by mixing the same volume samples from the sampling levels taken from the reservoir every 1000 mm of the column height of the medium, which is oil, oil products, while the upper level samples are taken at 250 mm below the surface of the medium, and the lower level, the lower section of the acceptance pipe in internal diameter or 250 mm above the bottom of the tank; first, before sampling, measure the level of the medium in the tank and calculate the sampling levels, after which they are sampled — a closed device for implementing the method is lowered with a cable to a predetermined level so that the hole through which it is filled is at the sampling level samples the reference surface of the first 1000 mm is the surface of the medium; samples from several levels are taken sequentially from top to bottom; when compiling the sample, the sample from each sampling level is mixed, the same volume is taken and combined, merging them into one vessel - GOST 2517-85, paragraph 2.3.2, paragraph 2.3.3, dash 3, [3].

A device for implementing this method, comprising a housing with an inlet pipe and a cover with a sampling element, is GOST 2517-85, clause 2.3.2, clause 2.3.3, dash 3, [4].

The known method of sampling from environments subject to delamination, and a device for its implementation [3-4], have several disadvantages that lead to a significant decrease in the quality of the sample. Firstly, when the device is immersed to the required sampling level behind the device cover located above and near the side surface, a reduced pressure occurs. As a result, part of the medium from the upper layers enters the lid. Moreover, the greater the height of the device, the greater the volume of this medium. Thus, until the device reaches a predetermined level, a lighter environment, carried away by the device, will rise to the lid and follow it. Therefore, when the lid is opened, the device may receive, first of all, part of this less viscous and less dense medium. An increase in the proportion of the lighter medium carried by the device is promoted by recesses and protrusions on the outer side surface, as well as the device for attaching the cables to the device and the cables themselves. Secondly, when the device is immersed, the pressure on the cover increases, which can lead to its depressurization. At the same time, there is no visual control of the tightness of the lid, and the device is not tested for tightness with increasing pressure before the sampling procedure. The tightness of the lid also depends on the degree of pressing it to the inner wall of the device. Therefore, questions about compliance with the necessary proportion of sampling from the sampling level, the quality of the sample always remain open. Depressurization of the device can occur by accident, while holding the cable to open or close the cover, as well as when lifting the device due to the higher pressure in it. Another reason that the device may be depressurized is that the sealing surfaces of the device are subject to wear and tear. Individually and, especially, in the aggregate, each deficiency leads to a violation of the proportions of the samples from the sampling levels.

These shortcomings lead to the fact that it is impossible to establish that samples from given levels represent the environment from precisely these given sampling levels. For this reason, the known solutions [3-4] cannot be used for correct comparison during testing and therefore are not mistaken for prototypes.

Another important disadvantage of the known solutions [1-2] should be attributed to the fact that in the technology they implement, the wrong step was proposed in terms of increasing the number of sampling levels — the lower sampling level of 250 mm from the day obviously does not correspond to a step of 1000 mm. Therefore, the combined sample will be deliberately unrepresentative. There is no other choice of the sampling level to increase the representativeness of the sample.

A known method of sampling from media subject to delamination, in which a place is selected for sampling from a certain volume of the medium, levels for sampling are determined, from the upper level of the medium to the lower level, the bottom, lower cut of the outlet or the entrance of the pipeline to the tank, - attach the rope with the load to the device for implementing this method, which is used as a bottle, which is placed in a holder or a glass, if you need to limit the speed of filling the medium, insert the speed controller into the bottle and filling the sample, - a stopper with a notch, - place the sampling element of the device with an open entrance to a predetermined level in the medium, namely, lower the neck of the bottle at a constant speed as close as possible to the outlet from the tank and immediately lift it so that when lifting bottle was filled to three-quarters, check that the required number of samples, if the bottle is filled with more than _^3/4, and again poured into the sample procedure is repeated, adjusting the rate at which the bottle is raised and lowered, with q.s. avail- able pour the contents into the sample receptacle apparatus (container) of the sample; - GOST 52659-2006, clause 13.5, damn. 4, [5].

A device for carrying out this method, comprising a housing with a sample probe element in the form of a bottle holder or without equipped with speed regulator filling the sample in the form of a plug with a notched hole or other device that limits the size of the hole in which the device is filled with _^3/4 after the lowering and lifting device, - GOST 52659-2006, paragraph 13.5, damn. 4, [6].

The disadvantages of the known method and device (technology and technology) [5-6], despite the simplicity of the device [6] for implementing the method [5], the operation of this method requires certain skills, however, even if all operations of the known method are performed, - representativeness of the sample is not guaranteed. The low quality of the sample is determined by the following reasons. Firstly, the quality of the sample obtained, by assumption, from all levels depends on the speed of immersion of the device - the faster the device is immersed, the greater the proportion of the sample will come into it from the lower layers of the medium. Secondly, when the device is immersed behind it and along the lateral outer surface, a reduced pressure occurs. As a result, part of the medium from the upper layers enters the neck of the device. Moreover, the greater the height of the device, the greater the volume of lighter, less dense, liquid will be collected at the neck of the device. Therefore, the device will primarily receive part of this, less viscous, less dense medium. Irregularities, protrusions on the outer side surface of the device, for example, the casing of the device, if applicable, also contribute to the enthusiasm of the volume of the lighter medium carried away by the device. Thirdly, the sample is not presented from all layers of the medium - during the period of time when the portion of air leaves the device, sampling practically does not take place, when the device is lifted, the sample is delayed in the neck of the device due to a decrease in pressure in the bottle with an increase in the height of rise and expansion at the same time, the air volume in the device, and the device, meanwhile, passes through the sampling levels, and, when lifting, the device passes layers in which the distribution of inclusions has changed due to disturbance of the medium when it immersion. Fourthly, the column of the medium flowing down the cable has a decrease in the quality of the sample when the device leaves the medium — the flow rate of this stream increases as the device approaches the surface of the medium and becomes maximum after the device reaches the surface of the medium. The cable goes directly to the neck of the device and fills it with the displacement of the remaining air in it.

To build a representative sampling technology with a strictly justified rule for selecting sampling levels, known solutions [5-6] are the least preferable, since it is impossible to strictly establish the proportions of samples from the sampling levels.

The closest in technical essence is the method of sampling from media subject to delamination, in which a rope is attached to a device for implementing the method, in which a sampling rate regulator is installed in the sampling element, a plug, a device for implementing the method is placed in the medium, it is omitted to the level at which the device reaches the bottom of the tank, remove the plug from the sampling element and hold it until the sample is filled, the filled device is lifted and the sample is poured into the sample receiver, - GOST R 52659-2006, paragraph 13.4.2, damn. 4, [7].

A device for implementing this method is known, including a housing with an inlet pipe and a cover with a sampling element, a regulator for filling the sample, GOST R 52659-2006, clause 13.4.2, damn. 4, [8].

A disadvantage of the known solutions is that with an increase in the height of the medium in the tank, the representativeness of the sample decreases sharply. However, the implemented technology has two main big advantages, firstly, the simplicity of the method [7], secondly, the sample taken corresponds to the composition of the medium from the sampling level, it can be correctly used for comparative analysis (the medium of a completely filled device, - bottles, - prevents the medium from entering the tank during lifting, and such a sample can be considered representative, - in this case, you can even completely eliminate the mixture of the medium flowing along the cable with the sample, delaying the lifting of the bottle from the upper layers s environment). Therefore, the known solutions [7-8] are most preferable for adoption as prototypes.

The technical result of this invention is solutions based on a strictly justified selection of sampling levels that take into account the real stratification of the medium under the influence of gravity, which significantly increase the quality of the sample, the sampling technology is brought to a new qualitative level.

To achieve a technical result in the method of sampling from media subject to delamination, in which a place for sampling from a certain volume of medium is selected, levels for sampling are determined, a sampling element of the device is placed in the medium by an input at a given level or sampling levels, and a sample is taken, according to According to the invention, during rest or movement of the medium, a sample is taken from each level in proportion to the area of the medium that it fills at the sampling level, and for the case when the medium is mobile, this area is determined t as a product stream width at sampling and the distance which conventionally would pass medium from the sampling point for a certain period of time, conventionally formed by filling with the region, while maintaining the width of the stream; at the same time, any of the operations to take a fraction of a sample from a given level can be replaced by alternative sampling by taking this fraction of a sample from other levels or another level, provided that after such an alternative change of levels, the area occupied by the medium is actually for a stationary medium and conditionally for mobile, - admits a partition, in which the ratio of the volumes of the regions conventionally formed by this partition or their masses of the medium filling these areas is equal to the ratio of the volume or mass fractions of samples taken from these domains; in the case of separate sampling from conditionally formed areas into samplers and subsequent formation of a combined sample from them, the combined sample is formed from such fractions of these samples, the volumes of which are in the same ratio, formed by the volumes of conditionally formed areas corresponding to them, i.e. which samples were taken; in the case of a moving medium, when the device moves with the medium, sampling is carried out for a period of time within which the width and depth of the flow can be considered unchanged.

The inventive method for sampling from environments subject to delamination, in contrast to the prototype [7], provides sampling (separately or simultaneously) from the sampling levels in accordance with a strict dependence, - a sample is taken from each level intended for sampling in proportion to the area of the medium, which it fills (for a stationary medium) or would fill (for a mobile medium). Due to this, each level, layer, sampling area turns out to be represented during the formation of the sample, regardless of the pressure that takes place at the sampling level and the time spent on sampling. That is, the claimed method of selection allows you to take a sample in one or more (in the case of selection from conventionally formed areas) receptions with a weight fraction corresponding to the area of the medium at the sampling levels, excluding objective and subjective factors that lead to a violation of the proportion of samples from the levels and areas (levels from areas) of selection. Therefore, the sample according to the claimed method is most consistent with the definition of a representative sample - it is taken in accordance with the weight fraction to the total share of the medium at the appropriate levels, sampling areas. This ensures the advantage of the proposed method and significantly extends the scope of its applicability compared to the prototype [7], due to this, the medium can be in motion (with respect to the claimed device before it is placed at the selection levels, with respect to the external environment, for example, to the vessel shell, containers of artificial or natural origin of various measures of capacity). In this case, the operations of the proposed method for sampling a representative sample from a mobile medium are justified when the device moves with the medium if the sampling is carried out over a period of time within which the width and depth of the flow can be considered unchanged.

Thus, due to the implementation of the distinguishing features, the claimed solution, in contrast to the prototype [7], implements operations that determine the high representativeness of the sample, reliability and manufacturability of the sampling procedure from a mobile or stationary medium subject to delamination, regardless of the configuration of the body in which it resides or transported.

The application of the proposed method, in comparison with the prototype [7], will allow to raise the sampling technology to a higher technological level.

To achieve a technical result in the implementation of the proposed method, a device is used for sampling from media subject to delamination, which, according to the invention, includes a sampling element containing a housing that is a vertical cylinder, in the lower base of which there is an inlet with a valve, the sampling element contains a cover, a sample filling speed regulator, which is a package of cylindrical sections hermetically interconnected along the lateral surface, communicating between oboj sample probe and to the body member through the valves or piston is a compression spring disposed between the piston and placed coaxially to the cylinder cover, the cover fitting. In this case, the sampling element and the regulator of the filling rate of the sample are calculated jointly or separately from the following conditions:

- sampling from each level is proportional to the area of the medium that it fills at the sampling level, and for the case when the medium is mobile, this area is defined as the product of the flow width at the sampling level and the distance that the stream would conditionally pass from the sampling point for a certain period of time, filling in a conditionally formed at the same time area, provided that the width of the stream is maintained;

- or from the equivalent condition when any of the operations for sampling the medium from a given level is replaced by alternative sampling by additional sampling of this fraction of the sample from other levels or another level, provided that after such an alternative replacement of levels, the region admits a partition under which the volume ratio or masses of medium in the regions conventionally formed by this partition will be equal to the ratio of volumes or masses of the samples taken corresponding to these regions.

The inventive device with the above characteristics will allow sampling from different levels (areas) of sampling in accordance with the area occupied by the medium at the level (s) of selection (in accordance with the volume / mass of the region occupied by the medium at the sampling levels). Analytically, this principle of selection reflects the ratio

V ₁ : V ₂ : V ₃ : ...: V _i = v ₁ : v ₂ : v ₃ : ...: v _i ,

i = 1, ..., ∞, - see below the experiments and the notation used in them for the volumes of v _i samples and V _i medium, table. 1 and 2. Owing to this, in contrast to the prototype [8], the physicochemical composition of the sample will correspond to the actual distribution of inclusions in a medium subject to delamination under the influence of gravity. When sampling the claimed device excludes other proportionality, a different composition of the sample and thereby ensures the sampling of the highest quality. As a result, a sample taken using the inventive device will always be more representative, in contrast to a sample taken using a prototype device [8]. In this case, unlike the prototype [8], the device’s operation is not affected by a change in the pressure of the medium at the selection levels.

Thus, due to the presence of these distinctive features of the claimed device, factors that lead to a deterioration in the quality of the sample are eliminated and principles are implemented that take into account the real distribution of inclusions in the media, ensuring the highest representativeness of the sample, that is, when the latter is the result of theoretically sound and optimal design principles, embedded in the device. The foregoing provides significant advantages of the proposed solution, compared with the prototype [8].

The use of the claimed device will improve the manufacturability and reliability of the sampling procedure, significantly expand the scope of its application.

The inventive method of sampling from environments subject to stratification, and a device for its implementation can be specifically applied, for example, in oil fields, oil and gas refineries and petrochemical enterprises in the analysis of media filling open or closed containers, storages, water analysis in rivers, canals and lakes .

The inventive method of sampling from environments prone to delamination is as follows.

In the method of sampling from media subject to delamination, in which, during rest or movement of the medium, a place is selected for sampling from a certain volume of the medium, the levels for sampling are determined, the sampling element of the device is placed in the medium by an input at a given level or sampling levels, and a sample is taken from each level is proportional to the area of the medium that it fills at the sampling level, and for the case when the medium is mobile, this area is defined as the product of the flow width at the sampling level and distance, which if passed to medium from the sampling point for a certain time period of the medium, conventionally formed by filling with the region, while maintaining the width of the stream; at the same time, any of the operations to take a share of a sample from a given level can be replaced by alternative sampling, when it, this share of a sample, is taken from other levels or another level, provided that after

 such an alternative substitution of levels, the region allows a partition, in which the ratio of the volumes of the regions conventionally formed by this partition or their masses of the medium filling these regions is equal to the ratio of the mass or volume fraction of samples taken from these regions; in the case of separate sampling from conditionally formed regions with the subsequent formation of a combined sample, the combined sample is formed from fractions of these samples, the volume of which is in the same ratio formed by the corresponding volumes of conditionally formed regions; in the case of a moving medium, when the device moves with the medium, sampling is carried out for a period of time within which the width and depth of the flow can be considered unchanged.

The invention is illustrated by the drawings presented in FIG. 1-2, - in FIG. 1 shows a device without communication with the external environment, FIG. 2, - a device in communication with the external environment.

A device for sampling from media subject to delamination, FIG. 1 includes a sampling element 1, the body of which is a vertical cylinder, in the lower base of which there is an inlet 2 with a valve 3, and the upper part is connected to a sample filling speed regulator, which is a packet of cylindrical sections 4 that are tightly interconnected along the lateral surface, communicating between themselves and with the body of the sampling element 1 through the valves 5; in the upper part of the device there is a cover 6 with an eye 7.

A device for sampling from media subject to delamination, FIG. 1, is intended for proportional sampling from each level of the medium from a tank (or channel) in communication with the atmosphere when the device is lowered into the medium with a cable and it is immersed to the lower level of sampling under its own weight. At the same time, the eye 7 serves for fastening the cable. The sampling element 1 serves for sampling through the inlet 2 from each level of the medium when the device is immersed and the sample is collected (collected) in its cylindrical cavity. The sample filling speed regulator, - a package of cylindrical sections 4 with valves 5, - serves to provide the necessary pressure drop at inlet 2, so that a sample is taken from each level in proportion to the area of the medium’s inflow at the sampling level; the performance of the regulator in the form of a package of cylindrical sections hermetically connected to each other with valves 5 provides a pressure differential at the inlet 2 to the sampling element 1, which ensures proportional sampling from the sampling levels through valve 3.

A device for sampling from media subject to delamination, FIG. 1, works as follows.

The device connected through the eyelet 7 to the cable is lowered into the medium - the device is immersed in the medium to the lower level of selection under its own weight. When the device is immersed, the pressure in the medium increases, - accordingly, the pressure drop across the valve 3 increases, - the sample begins to flow through the inlet 2 with the valve 3 into the device cavity, the air inside it is compressed, the pressure in the device cavity increases. In this case, the valves 5 in sections 4 are activated and, thus, the pressure drop at the inlet 2 with the valve 3 is regulated, providing a linear dependence of the receipt of the amount of sample depending on the sampling depth, as a result of which the sample enters the cavity of the sampling element 1 in proportion to the area of the medium’s inflow at the selection levels. When the device reaches the lower sampling level, the sampling procedure is completed from all levels along the height of the device. The device is raised, - a decrease in pressure in the medium leads to the fact that the valve 3 blocks the sample outlet through the inlet 2. The sample taken in the sampling element 1 is transported to the laboratory for analysis.

A device for sampling from media subject to delamination, FIG. 2 includes a sampling element 1, the body of which is a vertical cylinder, in the lower part of which is located the inlet 2 with valve 3; a sample filling speed regulator, which is a system of elements 8-9-6-10, of a piston 8 with a compression spring 9 located between the piston 8 and located coaxially to the cover 6 of the cylinder 10; a fitting 11 is mounted on the cover 6 for connection to a cable and a hose through which the device cavity communicates with the atmosphere; between the lateral outer surface of the body of the sampling element 1 and the inner cylindrical surface of the cover 6, a sealing ring 12 is installed. The cover 6 has a threaded connection with the body of the sampling element 1, which allows fully compressing the spring 9 freely installed in the case of the sampling element 1.

A device for sampling from media subject to delamination, FIG. 2, is intended for proportional sampling from each level of the medium from a tank for a stationary medium or a channel for a mobile medium in communication with the atmosphere, when the device is lowered into the medium using a cable, and the device is immersed to the lower level of sampling under its own weight. Sampling element 1 serves for sampling through inlet 2 with valve 3 from one predetermined, - upper, - medium level to another, lower, - lower. The regulator of the speed of filling the sample from the system of elements 8-9-6-10 serves to provide the necessary pressure drop at the inlet 2 with valve 3 and to take the sample from the given levels in proportion to the area of the medium flow at the sampling levels.

A device for sampling from media subject to delamination, FIG. 2, works as follows.

The device connected to the cable is lowered into the medium, which is in a state of rest or movement - the device is immersed in the medium under its own weight. When the device is immersed, the pressure in the medium increases, - accordingly, the pressure in the cavity of the device increases between the sampling element 2 with the valve and the piston 8. At a predetermined upper level, the pressure on the piston 8 begins to exceed the compression force of the spring 9, while the piston 8 moves up - the sample begins to enter the cavity of the sampling element 1 in proportion to the area of medium inflow at the sampling levels, which, if the medium is mobile, is defined as the product of the flow width at the sampling level and distance scattering, which conventionally would pass flow from the sampling point during the motion of the medium, conventionally formed by filling with the region, while maintaining the flow width. When the device reaches the lower predetermined level of selection, the immersion of the device is stopped and removed from the medium using a cable. The sample is poured into the receiver with the corresponding marking of the specified upper and lower levels. The piston stroke is measured, - the distance the piston has moved during sampling between predetermined levels. For the next sampling from the lower levels, the spring 9 is compressed by rotating the cover 6 to the value at which the previous sample was taken, and the device is placed on the next, lower, upper level of sampling, from which the pressure exerted on the piston 8 by the medium and the spring 9. With further immersion of the device, the pressure on the piston 8 from the inlet 2 side becomes greater than the pressure exerted by the spring 9 on the piston 8 - a sample begins to flow into the cavity of the device. The sampling of the next portion of the sample ends as soon as the device reaches a predetermined lower sampling level, - the pressure on the piston 8 from the medium and the springs 9 are equalized, the valve 3 at the inlet 2 closes, under the influence of pressure in the cavity of the sampling element 1, the sample in the device is locked when it is raised to surface. The next sample taken in the sampling element 1 is poured into the sample receiver with a marking corresponding to the levels from which the sample was taken. The sampling procedure is repeated from the lower levels of the medium. After completion of the sampling, a combined sample is prepared from them - the proportion, or part, of each sample should be in the proportion in which the volumes (or masses) of the areas corresponding to the sampling levels are located. The combined sample is transported to the laboratory for analysis.

For testing, devices were used for sampling from media subject to delamination, FIG. 1-2, with the parameters below.

For the device, FIG. 1: The volume of the cavity of the sampling element 1 for the sample in the device of FIG. 1 was 0.7 l, the number of sections 4 and valves 5 was 7 each, the volume of the cavity of sections 4 was 0.07 l, the diameter of the valves 5 was 20 mm, the height was from 5 to 12 mm, the diameter of the holes under the valves 5, through which sections 4 were communicated, from 2.5 to 5.5 mm.

For the device, FIG. 2: The volume of the sample chamber in the device of FIG. 2, - 1.2 liters. The diameter of spring 5 was 3 mm, the pitch was 5 cm, and the length was 320 mm.

The valve 3 of the devices of FIG. 1-2 was a rubberized metal cylinder with a diameter of 35 mm, a height of 2 mm, an inlet diameter of 2, - 20 mm.

Comparative tests of the inventive method and device were carried out using the method and device prototype [7-8], the volume of the cavity of the device [8] was 0.7 L.

The sample was taken from a vertical tank with a fixed medium, which was oil, and a channel, in the cross section of a rectangle; the medium in the channel was running water.

The diameter of the tank was 23.5 m, the height was 12 m. The water content in oil and the level (height of oil loading, or oil spill from the surface to the bottom of the tank) N are shown in row 1 and columns 5-8 of the table below. 1. On the lower edge of the outlet from the tank, spaced 250 mm from its bottom, the lower level of selection for the proposed solution was determined.

The lower base of the canal at the sampling site was 37.5 m, the water level was 9.75 m, and the lower sampling level was 250 mm above the bottom of the canal. The flow velocity was 0.15 m / s. The content of solids in the water was evaluated. The initial content was 17 mg / L. The volume of the analyzed water was estimated for 0.5 hours of its movement.

Comment. The prototype method [7] is not carried out for a mobile medium (relative to the earth, the walls of the cavity, the boundaries of other matter, within which it is enclosed, is located). The inventive technology, in comparison with the prototypes [7-8], is implemented for the case when the environment is mobile, and the inventive device can move with the environment. However, for the moving medium, the prototype of the method and device [7-8] was tested, when the prototype device [8] moves at the same speed with the medium and the medium relative to the sampling device is stationary.

Below is a description of the experiments for stationary and mobile media, as described above.

Tests for when the medium is motionless.

The experimental data for the prototypes [7-8] are as follows:

The water content of the sample obtained using the prototypes [7-8] of the method and device at a level of 250 mm from the bottom was

- 2.5% with an actual oil water cut of 0.18%;

- 6.2% with actual oil water cut of 0.35%;

- 72.3%) with an actual water cut of oil of 30.4%;

- 100% with an actual oil cut of 93.8%.

From other levels using prototypes [7-8], sampling was not performed (not provided by the method [7]).

For the claimed solutions, the experimental data are summarized in table. 1, with the exception of experiments using the device of FIG. 1, since it is used only for sampling from all levels, FIG. 3.1 ₁ ; experimental data using the device of FIG. 1 are given below.

We will analyze them and compare them with the above experiments for prototypes [7-8].

Experiments of the series No. 3.11:

In this series, samples were taken from all levels h by the devices of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, when each level, FIG. No. 3.1 ₁ , was an elementary region ΔH _i , the number of which N = ∞ is infinite, -i = 1, ..., ∞, between two given sampling levels, from Н _0,0 = 0 to H _3,3 = (H- 250), where H, is the height of the oil column, dimension in mm. Here, the bullet level Н _0,0 = 0 corresponds to the surface of the liquid in the tank (liquid spill), level H _3,3 is the lower sampling level, defined as sampling higher than 250 mm from the bottom of the tank (on which the lower edge of the outlet from reservoir, lower drainage level).

When sampling with the device of FIG. 1 from the surface (level H _0.0 ) to the lower level (discharge) of oil from a tank located at a distance of 250 mm from the bottom, FIG. 3.1 ₁ (level H _3.3 = (H-250)), the water content in the sample was: 0.21% with a water cut of 0.18%,

0.42% with oil water cut 0.35%,

29.8% with water cut of 30.4%,

92.1% with water cut of 92.7%.

When sampling with the device of FIG. 2 from the surface (level H _0.0 ) to the lower level (discharge) of oil from a tank located at a distance of 250 mm from the bottom, FIG. 3.1 ₁ (level H _3.3 = (H-250)), the results for determining the water content in the sample are summarized in line No. 3.1 ₁ , table. 1. These experiments confirm that if a sample is taken from each level in proportion to the area of the medium that it fills at the sampling level, a high representativeness of the sample is ensured — the relative error is one or two orders of magnitude lower than for prototypes [7-8], since the actual values the water cut for the proposed solutions (columns 5-8, table. 1) practically coincide with the actual (first row of these columns) and differ from the data for prototypes [7-8] by one or two orders of magnitude. The indicated proportionality of sampling (a sample is taken from each level in proportion to the area of the medium that it fills at the sampling level) can be analytically expressed by the ratios through the elementary volumes V _i that the medium fills at the sampling level and the elementary volume v _{i of the} selected sample, which is presented in tab. 1 for the case of a series of experiments No. 3.1 ₁ , - see columns 3 and 4.

Experiments of the series No. 3.2 ₁ :

In this series of experiments, separate sampling was carried out with the device of FIG. 2 from different levels of h between predetermined sampling levels, conditionally dividing the entire region of the medium into regions (conditionally formed regions) ΔH _i , FIG. 3.2 ₁ , for sampling at levels h between given levels: the region ΔH _{1 is} determined from H _0,0 = 0 to H _1,1 = 1/3 (H-250), the region ΔH _{2 is} determined from H _1,1 to H _2.2 = 2/3 (Н-250), the region ΔH _{3 is} determined from H _2.2 to H _3.3 = (H-250), where Н, is the height of the oil column, dimension in mm (zero level Н _{0 , 0} = 0 corresponds to the surface of the liquid in the tank (liquid spill), level H _3.3 = (H-250), - the lower sampling level, defined as sampling higher than 250 mm from the bottom of the tank), - as well as for other values heights of levels H _1,1 , N _2,2 , which are selected in accordance with the change in volumes V ₁ , V ₂ , V ₃ region her - see column 3 of the table. 1 (since in our case the indicated heights are derived from the volumes ΔH _i , we restrict ourselves to tabulating in Table 1 the relations determining the volumes of the regions ΔH _i , column 3). The results for determining the water content in the sample are presented in table. 1, column 5, a series of experiments No. 3.2 ₁ (rows No. 3.2.1 ₁ -3.2.13 ₁ , 3.2.2 ₁ * -3.2.13 ₁ *), table. 1. In these experiments, it was shown that in the case of sampling from conditionally formed regions ΔH _i into the receivers with the subsequent formation of a combined sample from them, when the combined sample is formed from fractions of these samples, the volumes of which v _i are in the same ratio, - column 4 tab. 1, - with the volumes V _{i of} conditionally formed regions ΔH _{i being} formed corresponding to them, - column 3 of the table. 1, experiments without an asterisk No. 3.2.1 ₁ -3.2.13 ₁ , - optimality is achieved, that is, the most accurate results are provided, see columns 5-8, table. 1. As soon as this correspondence is violated, - experiments marked with an asterisk “*”, - No. 3.2.2 ₁ * -3.2.13 ₁ *. - see columns 3 and 4, the representativeness of the sample deteriorates sharply, - see columns 5-8, table. 1. Thus, the claimed solution is optimal, the error in determining the water using the proposed solutions provides a decrease in the relative error by one or two orders of magnitude, compared with the prototypes [7-8], since the actual values of water cut for the claimed solutions (columns 5-8 , Table 1) almost coincide with the actual ones (the first row of these columns), and differ from the data for prototypes [7-8] by one or two orders of magnitude.

Experiments of the series No. 3.3 ₁ and No. 3.4 ₁ -3.59 ₁ :

Experiments of the series No. 3.3, (No. No. 3.3.1 ₁ -3.3.10 ₁ , 3.3.2 ₁ * -3.3.10 ₁ *), tab. 1, FIG. 3.3 ₁ , not only once again confirm the optimality of the proposed solution, but also serve as a starting point for the implementation of the proposed method for the case representing an equivalent solution, experiments No. 3.4 ₁ -3.59 ₁ , when any of the operations to take a fraction of the sample from a given level can be replaced by alternative sampling by taking this fraction of the sample from other levels or another level, provided that after such an alternative replacement of levels, the region admits a partition at which the ratio of volumes of conditionally formed by this partition it domains (or, equivalently, their mass medium filling the area) is the ratio of the volume (or equivalently, mass) fractions of samples taken from these areas.

In this series of experiments, separate sampling was carried out with the device of FIG. 2 at levels h between predetermined sampling levels forming the (conditional) sampling regions ΔH _i , FIG. 3.3 ₁ , namely, between the given levels: the region ΔH _{1 is} determined from H _0,0 = 0 to H _0,1 = 1/6 (H-250), the region ΔH _{2 is} determined from H _0,1 to H _1,1 = 2/3 (H-250), the region ΔH _{3 is} determined from H _1.1 to H _1.2 = 5/12 (H-250), the region ΔH _{4 is} determined from H _1.2 to H _2.2 = 2 / 3 (H-250), the region ΔH _{5 is} determined from H _2.2 to H _2.3 = 5/6 (H-250), the region ΔH _{6 is} determined from H _2.3 to H _3.3 = (H- 250), - as well as values of other levels of height H _0.1 N _1.1, H _1.2, N _{2, 2,} H _2.3, are chosen in accordance with the change in the volume regions ΔH _i -., see column 3 tab. 1 (since the indicated heights are derived from the volumes of ΔH _i , we restrict ourselves to presenting in Table 1 the relations determining the volumes of the regions ΔH _i , column 3).

The experiments of the series No. 3.3 ₁ (No. No. 3.3.1 ₁ -3.3.10 ₁ , 3.3.2 ₁ * -3.3.10 ₁ *) show that in the case of sampling from conditionally formed regions ΔH _i into the sample receivers with subsequent formation from of the combined sample, when the combined sample is formed from fractions of these samples, the volumes of which v _i are in the same ratio (column 4 of Table 1) with the corresponding volumes V _{i of} conditionally formed regions ΔH _i , column 3 of the table. 1, experiments without an asterisk №№3.3.1 ₁ -3.3.10 ₁ , - optimality is achieved, that is, the most accurate results are provided, see columns 5-8, table. 1. As soon as this correspondence is broken, - experiments marked with an asterisk “*”, - No. 3.3.2 ₁ * -3.3.10 ₁ *, - see columns 3-4, - the representativeness of the sample sharply worsens, - see columns 5-8, tab. 1. Thus, the claimed solution is optimal, the error in determining the water using the proposed solutions provides a decrease in the relative error by one or two orders of magnitude, compared with the prototypes [7-8], since the actual values of water cut for the claimed solutions (columns 5-8 , Table 1) almost coincide with the actual ones (the first row of these columns), and differ from the data for prototypes [7-8] by one or two orders of magnitude.

In experiments No. 3,4 ₁ -3.59 ₁ , FIG. 3.3 ₁ , it is shown that any of the operations for sampling a fraction of a sample from a given level, - considered sampling operations implemented during experiments from series 3.1 ₁ , 3.2 ₁ , 3.3 ₁ , can be replaced by alternative sampling by sampling this fraction of a sample from other levels or another level - column 3 of the table. 1, provided that after such an alternative change of levels, the region admits a partition ΔH _i , column 2 of table. 1, - in which the ratio of the volumes V _i conditionally formed by this partition of the regions ΔH _i , (or, equivalently, their masses of the medium filling these regions ΔH _i ), column 3 of the table. 1, - is equal to the ratio of the volumetric (or, equivalently, mass) fraction, shares v _i , samples, - column 4 of the table. 1, - taken from these areas or taken from them to form a combined sample from various levels of sampling:

- experiments Nos. 3.4 ₁ -3.33 ₁ replace experiments from the series 3.2 ₁ ;

- experiments No. 3.34 ₁ -3.39 ₁ replace the experiments from the series 3.3 ₁ ;

- experiments №3.40 _{1 1} -3.59 and -3.39 specified №№3.4 _{1 1} and ₁ of the series 3.2 and 3.3 ₁ was changed from a series of experiments 3.1 _1.

Thus, the results of the experiments presented in table. 1, indicate that if the sampling is carried out according to the inventive technology, the representativeness of the sample will always be higher than the representativeness of the sample taken using the prototypes of the method [7] and device [8], for a variety of embodiments of the claimed sampling technique, the data tests show its significant advantage over the prototype [7-8] and this was expected, since the claimed technology has a theoretical justification, with an increase in the number of selection levels and the corresponding weight fractions of Oba representativeness of the sample must be increased - i.e., if the various embodiments of the partition total volume of the medium in the field ΔH _i (. Column 2 of Table 1), the volume of the sampling v _i with the level of selection of the fields ΔH _i (column 4 of Table 1.) are in the same proportion as the volumes V _{i of} these regions ΔH _i (column 3 of Table 1), the representativeness of the sample is the highest — experiments not marked with an asterisk “*”.

Tests for the mobile environment.

The experimental substantiation of the proposed solutions for the case when the medium is mobile and the device is stationary relative to the channel or when it was moving with the medium at a speed of 0.5 or with the speed of the medium (columns 5-7 of Table 2, respectively), is completely similar to the previous justification for the case when the medium is motionless, the experiments were carried out by analogy with experiments for a motionless medium. During comparative experiments, the content of solids was determined in a stream of water from a drip.

Experimental data for prototypes [7-8]:

With the actual content of mechanical impurities 0.12%, their content in the sample obtained using the prototypes of the method and device [7-8] at a level of 250 mm from the bottom was 0.63% (from other levels, according to the decision framework [7], selection no sample is taken). The sampling level, defined as sampling higher than 250 mm from the bottom of the drip, was set so that deposits from the bottom of the channel did not affect the result of experiments.

Thus, the excess of mechanical impurities in the sample from prototypes of solutions [7-8] is a multiple of 5 times.

The experiments of the series No. 3.1 ₂ , table. 2:

For the claimed solutions in this series, samples were taken from all levels h by the devices of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, when each level, FIG. No. 3.1 ₂ , represented an elementary region ΔH _i , the number of which i = 1, ..., ∞, infinitely, between two given levels of sampling, from H _0,0 = 0 to H _3,3 = (H-250), where H, is the height of the water column in the channel (depth), dimension in mm. Here, the zero level Н _0,0 = 0 corresponds to the surface of the water in the canal, the level Н _3,3 = (Н-250), is the lower sampling level, defined as the sampling higher than 250 mm from the bottom of the channel so that deposits from the bottom of the channel do not influenced the result of experiments and that it corresponded to the level of sampling at which the prototype method was implemented [7].

When sampling with the device of FIG. 1 from the surface (level H _0.0 ) to the lower water level in a channel located at a distance of 250 mm from the bottom, FIG. 3.1 ₂ (level H _3,3 = (H-250)), the content of solids in the sample for the claimed solutions, amounted to:

0.12%, for the inventive method and device of FIG. one;

0.12%, for the inventive method and device of FIG. 2

moreover, regardless of whether the device of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 relative to the medium or was motionless relative to it.

These data experiments for the inventive method and devices of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 confirm that if a sample is taken from each level in proportion to the area of the medium that it fills at the sampling level, this area is defined as the product of the flow width at the sampling level and the distance that the stream would conditionally pass from the sampling point during the medium’s movement, filling in a conditionally formed region, provided that the width of the stream is maintained, - high sample representativeness is ensured, - the relative error is an order of magnitude lower than for prototypes [7-8], since the actual contents mechanical impurities for the claimed solutions (column 5 for a stationary device, columns 6 and 7, respectively, for a moving device relative to the medium with a speed of 0.5 or equal to the speed of the medium, table. 2) coincide with the actual (the first row of these columns) and differ from the data for prototypes [7-8] an order of magnitude (a quantitative and qualitative change in representativeness is observed). The indicated proportionality of sampling (a sample is taken from each level in proportion to the area of the medium that it fills at the sampling level) can be analytically expressed by the ratios through the elementary volumes V _i that the medium fills at the sampling level and the elementary volume v _{i of the} selected sample, which is presented in tab. 2 for the case of a series of experiments No. 3.1 ₂ , - columns 3-4.

The experiments of the series No. 3.2 ₂ , table. 2:

Experiments of the proposed solutions were carried out by analogy with experiments for a stationary environment.

In this series of experiments, separate sampling was carried out with the device of FIG. 2 from different levels of h between predetermined sampling levels, conditionally dividing the entire region of the medium into regions (conditionally formed regions) ΔH _i , FIG. 3.2 ₁ , for sampling at levels h between predetermined levels: the region ΔH _{1 is} determined from H _0,0 = 0 to H _1,1 = 1/3 (H-250), the region ΔH _{2 is} determined from H _1,1 to H ₂ , ₂ = 2/3 (Н-250), the region ΔН _{3 is} determined from Н _2.2 to H _3.3 = (Н-250), where Н, is the height of the water column in the channel (channel depth), dimension in mm (zero level Н _0,0 = 0 corresponds to the surface of the water in the channel, level Н _3,3 = (Н-250), - the lower sampling level, defined as sampling higher than 250 mm from the bottom of the channel, - as well as with other values of the heights of the levels H _1,1, H _2,2, 15 are chosen according to the volume change V _1, V _2, V ₃ regions minutes - see column 3 of Table 2 (as in our case, these heights are derived volumes ΔH _i, restrict driving of Table 2 by the relations that determine the volumes areas ΔH _i, column 3.) for the determination of mechanical impurities in the sample results are shown in Table... .2, - columns 5-7, a series of experiments No. 3.2 ₂ (lines No. 3.2.1 ₂ -3.2.13 ₂ , 3.2.2 ₂ * -3.2.13 ₂ *).

In these experiments, it was shown that in the case of sampling from conditionally formed regions ΔH _i into the sample receivers followed by the formation of a combined sample from them, when the combined sample is formed from fractions of these samples, the volumes of which v _i are in the same ratio, column 4 of the table . 2, - with the volumes V _{i of} conditionally formed regions ΔH _{i being} formed corresponding to them, - column 3 of the table. 2, experiments without an asterisk No. 3.2.1 ₂ -3.2.13 ₂ , - optimality is achieved, that is, the most accurate results are provided, see columns 5-7, table. 2. As soon as this correspondence is violated, - experiments marked with an asterisk “*”, - No. 3.2.2 ₂ * -3.2.13 ₂ *. - see columns 3 and 4, the representativeness of the sample deteriorates sharply, - see columns 5-7, table. 2. Thus, the claimed solution is optimal, the error in the determination of water using the proposed solutions provides a reduction in the relative error by an order of magnitude compared to the prototypes [7-8], since the actual values of the content of solids for the claimed solutions (columns 5-7, table . 2) coincide with the actual ones (the first row of these columns), and differ from the data for prototypes [7-8] by one order of magnitude.

Experiments of the series No. 3.3 ₂ and No. 3.4 ₂ -3.59 ₂ :

Experiments of the series No. 3.3 ₂ (No. No. 3.3.1 ₂ -3.3.10 ₂ , 3.3.2 ₂ * -3.3.10 ₂ *), tab. 2, FIG. 3.3 ₂ , not only once again confirm the optimality of the proposed solution, but also serve as a starting point for the implementation of the proposed method for the case representing an equivalent solution, experiments No. 3.4 ₂ -3.59 ₂ , table. 2, when any of the operations to take a fraction of a sample from a given level can be replaced by alternative sampling by taking this share of a sample from other levels or another level, provided that after such an alternative change of levels, the region admits a partition in which the ratio of volumes the partition of the regions (or, equivalently, their masses of the medium filling these regions) is equal to the ratio of the volumetric (or, equivalently, mass) fraction of samples taken from these regions.

In this series of experiments, separate sampling was carried out with the device of FIG. 2 at levels h between predetermined sampling levels forming the (conditional) sampling regions ΔH _i , FIG. 3.3 ₂ , namely between predetermined levels: the region ΔH _{1 is} determined from H _0,0 = 0 to H _0,1 = 1/6 (H-250), the region ΔH _{2 is} determined from H _0,1 to H _1,1 = 2/3 (H-250), the region ΔH _{3 is} determined from H _1.1 to H _1.2 = 5/12 (H-250), the region ΔH _{4 is} determined from H _1.2 to H _2.2 = 2 / 3 (Н-250), the region ΔН _{5 is} determined from Н ₂ , ₂ to Н _2,3 = 5/6 (Н-250), the region ΔН _{6 is} determined from Н _2,3 to Н _3,3 = (Н-250 ), - as well as for other values of the heights of the levels H _0.1 , H _1.1 , H _1.2 , H _2.2 , H _2.3 , which are selected in accordance with the change in the volume of the regions ΔH _i - see column 3 tab. 2 (since the indicated heights are derived from the volumes of ΔH _i , we restrict ourselves to presenting in Table 2 the relations determining the volumes of the regions ΔH _i , column 3 of Table 2).

The experiments of the series No. 3.3 ₂ (No. No. 3.3.1 ₂ -3.3.10 ₂ , 3.3.2 ₂ * -3.3.10 ₂ *) show that in the case of sampling from conditionally formed regions ΔH _i into the sample receivers with subsequent formation from of the combined sample, when the combined sample is formed from fractions of these samples, the volumes of which v _i are in the same ratio (column 4 of Table 2) with the corresponding volumes V _{i of} conditionally formed regions ΔH _i , column 3 of the table. 2, experiments without an asterisk No. 3.3.1 ₂ -3.3.10 ₂ , - optimality is achieved, that is, the most accurate results are provided, see columns 5-7, table. 2. As soon as this correspondence is violated, - experiments marked with an asterisk “*”, - No. 3.3.2 ₂ * -3.3.10 ₂ *. - see columns 3 and 4, the representativeness of the sample deteriorates sharply, - see columns 5-7, table. 2. Thus, the claimed solution is optimal, the error in determining the content of mechanical impurities using the inventive solutions provides a decrease in the relative error by an order of magnitude compared to prototypes [7-8], since the actual values of the content of mechanical impurities for the claimed solutions (columns 5-7 of the table . 2) they practically coincide with the actual ones (the first row of these columns), and differ from the data for prototypes [7-8] by one order of magnitude.

In experiments No. 3,4 ₂ -3.59 ₂ , FIG. 3.3 ₂ , it is shown that any of the operations for sampling a fraction of a sample from a given level, - considered sampling operations implemented during experiments from series 3.1 ₂ , 3.2 ₂ , 3.3 ₂ , can be replaced by alternative sampling by sampling this fraction of a sample from other levels or another level - column 3 of the table. 2, provided that after such an alternative change of levels, the conditional region admits a partition ΔH _i , column 2 of table. 2, - in which the ratio of the volumes V _i conditionally formed by this partition of the regions ΔH _i (or, equivalently, their masses of the medium filling these regions ΔH _i ), column 3 of the table. 2, - is equal to the ratio of the volumetric (or, equivalently, mass) fraction, fractions v _i , samples, - column 4 of the table. 2, - taken from these areas or taken from them to form a combined sample from various levels of sampling:

- experiments Nos. 3.4 ₂ –3.33 ₂ replace experiments from the series 3.2 ₂ ;

- experiments No. 3.34 ₂ -3.39 ₂ replace the experiments from the series 3.3 ₃ ;

- experiments No. 3.40 ₂ -3.59 ₂ , as well as the indicated No. 3.4 ₂ -3.39 ₂ , as well as experiments from the series 3.2 ₂ and 3.3 ₂ , replace the experiment from the series 3.1 ₂ .

Thus, the results of the experiments presented in table. 1 and 2, indicate that if the sampling is carried out according to the claimed technology, the highest representativeness of the sample is ensured, including in comparison with prototypes [7-8] - the data of these experiments for moving and stationary media practically prove the theoretical and design solutions incorporated in the claimed technology and equipment, indicate the possibility of their widespread use for the selection of representative samples from environments prone to delamination.

The inventive method for sampling from media subject to delamination, and the device for its implementation is industrially applicable, the inventive device for implementing the inventive method is simple to manufacture, the technology implemented by it will allow to take a representative sample.

Information sources

1. A method for sampling from media subject to delamination. / GOST 2517-85, devil. 4, p. 2.3.2, p. 2.3.3.

2. A device for sampling from media subject to delamination. / GOST 2517-85, devil. 4, p. 2.3.2, p. 2.3.3.

3. A method for sampling from media subject to delamination. / GOST 2517-85, devil. 3, p. 2.3.2, p. 2.3.3.

4. A device for sampling from media subject to delamination. / GOST 2517-85, devil. 3, p. 2.3.2, p. 2.3.3.

5. A method for sampling from media subject to delamination. / GOST R 52659-2006, paragraph 13.5, damn. four.

6. Device for sampling from media subject to delamination. / GOST R 52659-2006, paragraph 13.5, damn. four.

7. A method for sampling from media subject to delamination. / GOST R 52659-2006, paragraph 13.4.2, damn. four.

8. Device for sampling from environments subject to delamination. / GOST R 52659-2006, paragraph 13.4.2, damn. four.

Claims (2)

1. A method of sampling from media subject to delamination, in which a place for sampling from a certain volume of medium is selected, levels for sampling are determined, a sample element of the device is placed in the medium by an input at a given level or sampling levels, and a sample is selected, characterized in that during rest or movement of the medium, the state of rest of which is relative, the sample is taken from each level in proportion to the area of the medium that it fills at the sampling level, and for the case when the medium is mobile, this area is determined as the product of the flow width at the level of sampling and the distance that the medium would conditionally pass from the sampling point for a certain period of time, filling in the conditionally formed region, provided that the width of the flow is maintained; in this case, any of the operations to take a fraction of a sample from a given level can be replaced by alternative sampling by taking this share of a sample from other levels or another level, provided that after such an alternative change of levels, the area occupied by the medium is actually for a stationary medium and conditionally for mobile, it admits a partition, in which the ratio of the volumes of the regions conventionally formed by this partition or their masses of the medium filling these regions is equal to the ratio of the volume or mass fractions of samples taken from these lusters; in the case of a separate sampling from conditionally formed areas into samplers with the subsequent formation of a combined sample from them, the combined sample is formed from such fractions of these samples, the volumes of which are in the same ratio, formed by the corresponding volumes of the conditionally formed areas; in the case of a moving medium, when the device moves with the medium, sampling is carried out for a period of time within which the width and depth of the flow can be considered unchanged. 2. A device for sampling from media subject to delamination, used in the method according to claim 1, including a sampling element comprising a housing comprising a vertical cylinder, in the lower base of which there is an inlet with a valve, the sampling element contains a lid, a sample filling speed regulator , which is a package of cylindrical sections hermetically connected to each other along the lateral surface, communicating with each other and with the body of the sampling element through valves, or is Ginseng with a compression spring arranged between the piston and placed coaxially to the cylinder cover, wherein the cover connector.

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