RU2574739C2 - Conditioning composition for mineral fertilisers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Conditioning composition for mineral fertilisers includes vegetable oils and/or their mixtures, and as composition base taken are vegetable oils and/or their mixtures, which are preliminarily heated to 60°C until uniform homogeneous mixture is obtained, with addition of fatty acids C₁₄-C₂₄ and/or their mixture. All components are taken with specified ratio.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to create simple in composition, environmentally friendly and effective composition by substitution of crude oil hydrocarbon solvent for vegetable one to prevent caking and dust formation of wide spectrum of mineral fertilisers.

4 cl, 1 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the production of conditioning agents for mineral fertilizers and can be used to reduce caking, dust formation and hygroscopicity of mineral fertilizers of a wide range of mineral fertilizers.

Widely used are conditioning additives that form a hydrophobic adsorption film on the surface of the fertilizer particles.

A known composition for conditioning mineral fertilizers, including primary aliphatic amines of fraction C ₁₇ -C ₂₀ or tall amines, surfactants. Low molecular weight polyisobutylenes with a molecular weight of 5000-30000 and solid hydrocarbons with a melting point of at least 50 ° C are introduced into the composition, while paraffin hydrocarbons of the C ₁₄ -C ₁₇ fraction are introduced into the composition as non-ionic surfactants Surfactant in the form of ethoxylated fatty acid amides (see RF patent No. 2240297, class IPC C05G 3/10, 21004).

This technical solution is complex in composition due to the inclusion of a large number of components.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed solution is a conditioning agent to reduce dust formation and caking of fertilizers, including wax, oil, resin, surface-active agent and, possibly, polymer. It includes 5-50 wt. % wax, 5-75 wt. % oil, including vegetable oils, liquid animal fats, fats of marine animals or their preparations, 30-60 wt. % resin, which is the remainder of the distillation of unsaturated liquid animal fat, fish oil or vegetable oil or natural resin, 2-15 wt. % surfactant and 0-5 wt. % biodegradable polymer (see RF patent No. 2291847 according to class C05G 3/10, 2007).

The specified agent is complex in composition due to the inclusion of a large number of components.

The objective of this invention is to create a simple composition, environmentally friendly and effective composition by replacing petroleum hydrocarbon solvent with a vegetable one to prevent caking and dustiness of a wide range of mineral fertilizers.

This problem is solved by the fact that the proposed composition is conditioning for mineral fertilizers, including vegetable oils and / or mixtures thereof, the basis of the composition is vegetable oils and / or mixtures thereof, which are preheated to 60 ° C until a homogeneous homogeneous mixture is obtained, with the addition of fatty acids ₁₄ -C ₂₄ and / or mixtures thereof in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

Vegetable oils and / or mixtures thereof 95-50 C ₁₄ -C ₂₄ fatty acids and / or mixtures thereof 5-50

In addition, palm oil was used as vegetable oil.

And as a fatty acid used stearic acid.

In addition, a mixture of rapeseed and palm oils was used as a mixture of vegetable oils.

The present invention proposes the replacement of a petroleum hydrocarbon solvent with a vegetable one. The advantages of vegetable oils over petroleum: the best viscosity-temperature characteristics, non-toxic, high biodegradability, meet modern requirements for corrosion protection of alloys of iron and non-ferrous metals, antifoam, deaeration and de-emulsifying properties. The present invention provides an effective solution to the problem of caking and dustiness of mineral fertilizers by providing a composition based on vegetable oil and / or a mixture thereof. As a result, we also obtain a composition that is not aggressive to the equipment of the air conditioning unit for the production of mineral fertilizers.

To obtain the specified composition, a method for producing a conditioning composition for mineral fertilizers is proposed, which consists in using vegetable oils and / or mixtures thereof. Vegetable oils and / or mixtures thereof are preheated to 60 ° C until a homogeneous homogeneous mixture is achieved. Then, C ₁₄ -C ₂₄ fatty acids and / or mixtures thereof are added. The composition is maintained at a constant temperature of 65-85 ° C, constantly mixing, until a homogeneous homogeneous mixture is formed. The composition is used in an amount of 0.15-0.50 wt. % by weight of fertilizer, depending on the brand of mineral fertilizer.

Example 1

As a fatty acid, stearic acid with a C ₁₈ hydrocarbon chain length was selected. Palm oil is used as vegetable oil. The composition of the components is as follows, wt. %:

Palm oil 50-55 Stearic acid 50-45

The fatty acids that make up palm oil have a C ₁₄ -C ₁₈ hydrocarbon chain length. The main fatty acids in palm oil are oleic (up to 43%) and palmitic (up to 45%). In addition, it contains long-chain linoleic and medium-chain lauric and myristic acids.

Example 2

As a fatty acid, stearic acid with a C ₁₈ hydrocarbon chain length was selected. As a vegetable oil, a mixture of rapeseed and palm oils is used. The composition of the components is as follows, wt. %:

Rapeseed oil + palm oil 50-55 Stearic acid 50-45

The compositions of examples 1 and 2 at 70 ° C were applied by spraying on the surface of a granular fertilizer. Testing the effectiveness of the conditioning composition was carried out on NPK samples 15:15:15, because this brand of fertilizer is the most porous and prone to caking.

Table 1 The processing efficiency of NPK 15:15:15 (dosage of 1.5 kg / t) Efficiency,% after 30 days of product storage (in comparison with the unprocessed product) Example 1 Example 2 Trackability 97 98 Dustiness 97 99

The study of physical and chemical properties was carried out in time: at the beginning of the experiment and after 30 days of storage in a packed form in the laboratory. The caking method is based on determining the load required to break a fertilizer briquette made under certain conditions. The method for determining dustiness is based on calculating the amount of dust released from the product when it is poured in a rotating drum. The processing efficiency of NPK 15:15:15 compositions of example 1 and 2 with a dosage of 1.5 kg / t (table 1).

The data show that the proposed compositions are intended for processing mineral fertilizers (granule surfaces) in order to improve their anti-caking and dust-suppressing properties during storage and transportation. In addition, the use of the proposed compositions provides protection of fertilizers from moisture, hardening granules in order to suppress abrasion, provide friability of commodity fertilizers, unhindered dissolution of the processed fertilizer in the soil, causing minimal harm to the environment and human health, and also eliminates the need to use several reagents for processing fertilizers because possesses all protective properties. In addition, the proposed compositions provide the possibility of effective use in winter conditions at low ambient temperatures.

Claims (4)

1. The conditioning composition for mineral fertilizers, including vegetable oils and / or mixtures thereof, characterized in that the composition of the composition is based on vegetable oils and / or mixtures thereof, which are preheated to 60 ° C until a homogeneous homogeneous mixture is achieved, with the addition of fatty acids With ₁₄ -C ₂₄ and / or mixtures thereof in the following ratio of components, wt. %:
vegetable oils and / or mixtures thereof 95-50 C ₁₄ -C ₂₄ fatty acids and / or mixtures thereof 5-50 2. The conditioning composition for mineral fertilizers according to claim 1, palm oil is used as vegetable oil. 3. The conditioning composition for mineral fertilizers according to claim 1, stearic acid was used as the fatty acid. 4. The conditioning composition for mineral fertilizers according to claim 1, a mixture of rapeseed and palm oils is used as a mixture of vegetable oils.