RU2574098C2 - System of automation of main fan installation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the mining industry, in particular to the systems of automation of fan installations, and can be used to ensure safe, energy- and resource-saving ventilation of underground mining enterprises. The system of automation of the main fan installation (MFI) comprises a microcontroller unit (MCU) connected to the sensors monitoring air parameters involved in the process of ventilation, a setting device of MCU electric drive, and also air flow sensors mounted in the shaft insets of the air supply mine shafts. The air supply shaft located farther away from the ventilation shaft is equipped with a surface air conditioning device (ACD). The air supply shaft closer to the ventilation shaft is equipped with an underground ACD. Both ACDs are connected to the device of setting their cooling capacity. The evaporator of the underground ACD is located in the shaft inset of the air supply shaft closer to the ventilation shaft, and the condenser - in one of the main ventilation openings passing to the ventilation shaft. The MCU is made with the ability to supply control commands to the device of setting cooling capacity of the surface and underground ACD depending on the parameters of the external air.

EFFECT: enhanced functional capabilities by high-performance operation of the system in a warm season, taking into account the parameters of external air.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry, in particular to automation systems for fan installations, and can be used to provide safe, energy and resource-saving ventilation of underground mining enterprises up to 500 m deep.

A well-known automation system of the main fan installation (HLD), consisting of a workstation of the mine dispatcher and a workstation of the operator of the HLD, is interconnected and with a common controller connected to the controller of the ventilation units, to which are connected local control posts, high-voltage cells of fan motors, auxiliary starters mechanisms, temperature sensors, sensors for monitoring the status of auxiliary mechanisms and electricity meters, as well as connected to the local government office E mechanisms common actuator mechanisms, air parameters sensors and sensors monitoring the status general mechanisms (RU 59779 U1, 27.12.2006).

However, the known system does not allow to take into account general mine natural draft and does not exclude the likelihood of "air jams" in the air supply shafts of the mine, which reduces its efficiency, energy efficiency and does not provide the ventilation conditions required by safety rules.

Closest to the claimed one is the automation system of the main fan installation (RU 131083 U1, publ. 08/10/2013), including a microcontroller unit (ICB) associated with sensors for monitoring the parameters of the air involved in the ventilation process, as well as air-conditioning units with the possibility of changing their heat output and the driver of the electric drive HLG. Sensors for monitoring air parameters are temperature and pressure sensors (or densitometers), as well as air flow sensors, moreover, these sensors are installed in the near-barrel yards of the mine’s air supply trunks, at the intersection of the main ventilation workings with the ventilation shaft, in the HLG channel, in the mine air channels connected with the ICD by communication interfaces, while the ICD includes an input module associated with temperature and pressure sensors, an output module connected to a driver of the HLD electric drive, as well as input module associated with air flow sensors, output module connected to the mechanisms of change in heat output of air heater installations. The ICD is capable of interrogating sensors, calculating the average density of air columns in the mine’s air supply and ventilation shafts, the absolute value of the thermal depressions between the mine shafts and the mine’s natural mine draft, as well as supplying control commands to the HVD drive unit and mechanisms for changing the heat output of air-conditioning units.

However, the known system involves automating the control process of the HLG only in the cold season, i.e. at work of mine calorifer installations.

The technical result is the expansion of functionality due to the highly efficient operation of the system in the warm season, taking into account the parameters of the outdoor air.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the automation system of the main fan installation (HLD), which includes a microcontroller unit (ICD), connected to the sensors for monitoring the parameters of the air involved in the ventilation process, the master device for the electric drive of the HLD, as well as air flow sensors installed in according to the formula, the air-supplying barrel located further from the ventilation shaft is equipped with a surface air conditioning device ha (VHF), and the air supply shaft closest to the ventilation shaft is equipped with an underground VHF, both VHFs are associated with a device for setting their refrigerating capacity, and the underground VHF evaporator is located in the near-barrel yard of the air supply shaft closest to the ventilation shaft, and the condenser is in one of the main ventilation openings suitable for the ventilation shaft, while the ICD is configured to supply control commands to the device for setting the refrigerating capacity of the surface and underground VHF depending on outside air parameters.

Depending on the parameters of the outdoor air (temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, etc.) determined by the sensors, as well as on the volume of air needed to ventilate the mine (Q _w ) and surface leaks (Q _ut ), the ICD can control operating modes of surface and underground VHF, i.e. their refrigerating capacity, which is regulated by the device for setting the refrigerating capacity of surface and underground VHF. Due to air cooling in the evaporators of both VHFs, as well as changes in the temperature of the outgoing air stream into which the heated air enters, the value of general natural draft and the volume of air entering the mine will increase. The inventive automation system, changing the mode of operation of the HLD with the help of the ICD and the driver of the electric drive of the HLD, reduces the amount of air supplied to the mine (Q _Ш ) to the required, thereby ensuring high system efficiency in the warm season, taking into account the parameters of the outdoor air.

The system is illustrated as follows.

In FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the automation of the HLG, in FIG. 2 shows a ventilation scheme of a shallow mine. In FIG. 3, 4 show the arrangement of sensors in the air supply trunks, and in FIG. 5 - the location of the sensors in the ventilation shaft. FIG. 6 is a layout of the elements of both VHF in the inventive system.

1 - air supply barrel located further from the ventilation shaft;

2 - air supply barrel located closer to the ventilation shaft;

3 - a ventilation trunk;

4 - pipeline with a coolant;

5 - underground part of the mine;

6 - main fan installation (HLG);

7 - 1st main ventilation opening, suitable for ventilation shaft 3;

8 - 2nd main ventilation opening, suitable for ventilation shaft 3;

9 - cooled air;

10 - chilled air;

11 - outgoing stream of air;

12 - super mine building air supply barrel 1;

13 - super mine building air supply barrel 2;

14 - evaporator surface VHF;

15 - evaporator underground VHF;

16 - surface VHF capacitor;

17 - underground VHF capacitor;

18 - super mine building ventilation shaft 3;

19 - outdoor air drawn in through the mine building;

20 - air heater channel;

21 - air cooled in a surface VHF;

22 - air heated in the condenser 16;

23 - air heated in the condenser 17;

24 - temperature and pressure sensors (or densitometers);

25 - air flow sensor;

26 - near-barrel yard of the air supply barrel 1;

27 - building air heater;

28 - near-barrel yard of the air supply barrel 2;

29 - channel HLG;

30 - ICD;

31 - device for setting the refrigerating capacity of surface and underground VHF;

32 - the driver of the electric drive;

33 - electric HLD;

34 - control valve;

35 - discharge fan;

36 - heat exchangers of the evaporator 15;

37 - heat exchangers of the condenser 17;

38 - cooling fan;

39 - compressor of the condenser 17;

40 - 1st ICD input module;

41 - 1st ICD output module;

42 - 2nd module input ICD;

43 - 2nd module output ICD;

44 - automated workstation (AWP) of the operator;

45 - outdoor air parameters sensors (temperature, pressure, relative humidity, etc.)

Outside air enters the mine through the air supply trunks 1 and 2 due to the rarefaction created by the HLG 6, then into the underground part of the mine 5 and after ventilating all the working areas of the underground part of the mine 5 it is discharged through the ventilation shaft 3 and the channel of the HLD 29 to the surface. In the warm season, in shallow mines (500 m or less), moisture condensation occurs on the walls of the massif. As a result of which, for example, salt solutions (electrolytes) are formed in salt mines, which disable electrical equipment, destroy road surfaces, lead to flooding of workings and reduce the bearing capacity of pillars. Equipping shallow mines with air conditioning units will avoid such negative consequences.

The main part of the air in the air supply trunks 1 and 2 is supplied through the air duct 20, and the part is sucked in through the shaft buildings 12 and 13 due to the shaft depression created by the HLV 6. On the air supply barrel 1 there is a surface VHF evaporator 14. Cooled air 9 due to the shaft depression created by HLG 6, and also due to the operation of pressure fans 35, enters the heat exchangers of the evaporator 36, where it is cooled, and through the air duct 20 after mixing with air 19, sucked through the mine building 12 is supplied to the air supply shaft 1.

The refrigerating capacity of the evaporator should be such that the temperature and moisture content of the air 10 entering the air supply barrel 1, after mixing the air flows 21 and 19, are maintained at a level at which moisture in the mine will not fall out or will fall out in a much smaller volume. The cooled air 10 enters the borehole 26 of the air supply barrel 1, where it is heated due to the barometric pressure created by the column of air in the barrel. Following the mine workings of the underground part of mine 5, the air is again cooled to the temperature of the rocks. Due to the fact that the air is cooled in the evaporator 14 of the surface VHF to the temperature at which it is drained, the moisture in the mine will not fall out or will fall out in a much smaller volume.

Cooled air enters the air supply barrel 2 through the building of the air-heating unit 27, the heat exchangers of which are switched off during the warm season, through the air-heating channel 20 and through the mine building 13. Next, the cooled air 9 enters the evaporator 15 of the underground VHF, which is located in the borehole 28 of the air-supply barrel 2. In the evaporator 15 of the underground VHF air 10 is cooled and enters the underground part of the mine 5.

According to the EPB (Unified Safety Rules for the Development of Ore, Non-Metallic and Alluvial Mineral Deposits by the Underground Method (ПБ 03-553-03). Series 03. Issue 33 / GUP “Scientific and Technical Center for Safety in Industry of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia. M., 2003) for each mining enterprise, the required volume of outdoor air is set, which must be supplied to it (Q _W ). Depending on air leaks (Q _ut ) determine the performance of the HLG 6 (Q _V ). In addition to surface air leaks, the performance of the HLG 6 will depend on the magnitude of the thermal depressions acting between the trunks 1, 2 and 3 (h _ei ), and the common mine draft h _e .

The magnitude and direction of thermal depressions (h _ei ) between the trunks 1, 2 and 3 depends on the average temperature and pressure (average density) of air in the trunks. A system in which air is cooled on the surface of the air supply barrel 1 and in the borehole 28 of the air supply shaft 2 contributes to the occurrence of positive heat depressions (h _ei ) and general natural draft (h _e ).

Using pressure fans 35, cooled air 9 is supplied to heat exchangers 36. The system of pressure fan 35 and heat exchangers 36 is an evaporator VHF surface 14. In heat exchangers 36, air 9 is cooled by heat exchange with a coolant circulating in the conduit 4. As a coolant, for example, freon or ammonia can be used.

In the evaporator 14, the coolant boils due to the heat taken from the cooled air 9. Then, through the pipe 4, the coolant in a gaseous state enters the compressor 39 of the surface-VHF condenser 16, where it is compressed. Compression is accompanied by a corresponding increase in temperature. In the heat exchangers 37 of the condenser 16, the coolant is cooled to a saturation temperature and, condensing, passes into a liquid state. The heat of heating and condensation is removed by the cooling medium due to cooling fans 38. For regulating the pressure of the coolant in the pipe 4, a control valve 34 is intended.

When changing the position of the control valve 34, the pressure of the coolant in the pipeline 4 changes, thereby regulating the refrigerating capacity of the surface VHF. Similarly, the evaporator 15 and the condenser 17 of the underground VHF work. Also, the pressure of the refrigerant in the pipe 4 can be adjusted due to the operation of the compressor 39.

Warm air 23, heated in the condenser 17 of the underground VHF, is discharged into the stream of air 11 that flows through the ventilation shaft 3, increasing its temperature. Due to the increase in temperature of the air 11 discharged through the ventilation shaft 3, the value of positive all-employee natural draft increases.

In the case of a small depth of the mine (up to 500 m), in one of the main ventilation openings, for example 8, suitable for the ventilation shaft 3, a surface VHF condenser 16 can be placed, which will discharge into the ventilation shaft 3 a surface VHF stream heated during the operation of the condenser 16 air 22. In this case, there will be an additional positive effect, which consists in increasing the value of general natural draft.

The operation of all devices is controlled by the ICD 30, which includes the 1st input module 40, connected to temperature and pressure sensors (densitometers) 24 and to the outdoor air parameters sensors 45, the 1st output module 41, connected to the driver 32 of the electric drive 33 of the HLG 6 as well as the 2nd input module 42, connected to the air flow sensors 25 and the 2nd output module 43, connected to the device for setting the refrigerating capacity of VHF 31.

ICD 30 has the ability to interrogate sensors 24, 25,45, calculate the average density of air columns in the shafts 1, 2 and 3, the absolute value of the thermal depressions between the mine shafts and general natural draft, and also supply control commands to the driver 32 of the electric drive 33 HLG 6 and refrigeration control devices VHF 31.

The driver 32 of the electric drive 33 of the HVAC 6 is configured to control the rotational speed of the fan shaft of the HVAC 6 or / and to change the angle of installation of the blades of the axial guide vanes (not shown).

ICD 30 is associated with a workstation (AWS) 44 with the ability to control the operation of the system and the ventilation process. In case of emergency, an alarm signal is sent to AWP 44, according to which the dispatcher of the AWP takes measures for the non-stop operation of the HLG and VHF.

The VHF refrigerating capacity is regulated by the device 31 due to a change in the position of the control valves 34, the operation of the compressors 39 and the discharge fans 35 and 38 (surface and underground VHF).

The system operates as follows.

Depending on the parameters of the outdoor air (temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, etc.) determined by the sensors 45, as well as on the volume of air required for ventilation of the mine (Q _w ) and surface leaks (Q _ut ), ICD 30 sets operating mode of surface and underground VHF, i.e. their refrigerating capacities, which are regulated by the device 31. Due to the cooling of the air in the VHF evaporators 14 and 15, as well as changes in the temperature of the outgoing air stream 11 into which the heated air 22 enters, the value of general natural draft and, therefore, the volume of air entering the mine increases .

Regulation of the refrigerating capacity of the surface and underground VHF taking into account the effect of thermal depressions acting between the trunks (h _ei ) will allow avoiding the occurrence of “air jams” in the trunks.

Automation system, changing the operating mode HLG 6 due to the driving device 32, modifies the performance HLG 6 (Q _in) to the desired. Thus through the action of a positive obscherudnichnoy natural draft (h _e) the mine will flow the required amount of air (Q _u), which will increase the energy efficiency of ventilation and air handling and provide expansion capability due to high performance of the system during the warm season with the outdoor air parameters .

Claims (1)

Automation system of the main fan installation (HLD), including a microcontroller unit (ICD), connected with sensors for monitoring the parameters of the air involved in the ventilation process, setting the device for the electric drive of the HLD, as well as air flow sensors installed in the boreholes of the mine’s air supply trunks, characterized in that the air supply barrel located further from the ventilation shaft is equipped with a surface air conditioning device (VHF), and the air supply shaft closest to the valve the underground shaft is equipped with an underground VHF, both VHFs are associated with a device for setting their refrigerating capacity, and the underground VHF evaporator is located in the near-barrel yard of the air supply barrel closest to the ventilation shaft, and the condenser is located in one of the main ventilation openings suitable for the ventilation shaft, while made with the possibility of submitting control commands to the device for setting the refrigerating capacity of surface and underground VHF depending on the parameters of the outdoor air.

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